Macro-Rainwater Harvesting and Evaporation Interception Prescott Active Management Area

Total AMA Basin Area = 485 Sq Mi

Little Chino Subbasin Area = 310 Sq Mi

Aqua Fria Subbasin Area = 175 Sq Mi

ADWR Third Management Plan, Chapter 1 Declining Groundwater Levels in the Prescott AMA Prescott AMA Groundwater Hydrographs

J I A H

B G F C D E Total Volume Pumped in Prescott AMA in 2007 Current Annual Groundwater Level Decreases in Prescott AMA Current Annual Groundwater Volume Decreases in Prescott AMA Prescott AMA Water Budget – Existing Condition

Precipitation ~16 IN/YR Evapotranspiration 414,000 AF/YR 407,200 AF/YR (100.0%) (98.4%)

Surface Outflows 0 AF/YR NATURAL SURFACE WATER OUTFLOWS ENVIRONMENT USE

Natural Recharge 6,800 AF/YR (1.6%) Well Pumping 23,700 AF/YR*

4,500 AF/YR Deficit = Effluent, Surface 14,700 AF/YR Water & Incidental Recharge 6,700 AF/YR*

* Well pumping includes exempt well pumping estimate by CE of 2,968 AF/YR. Above values from “Prescott AMA Groundwater Flow Model Update Effluent recycle =3,400 AF/YR (COP, PV & CV). Surface water recharge = 1,400 Report”, October 31, 2006, ADWR Prescott AMA “2007 Annual Report” and AF/YR. Incidental recharge = 1,900 AF/YR (50% of Irrigation) Aquifers City of Prescott “Assured Water Supply Portfolio Summary”. Coconino Plateau Water Balance

= 3.5%

= 2.3% = 94.2% Prescott AMA Water Budget – Balanced Condition

Precipitation ~16 IN/YR Evapotranspiration 414,000 AF/YR 392,500 AF/YR (100.0%) (94.8%)

Surface Outflows 0 AF/YR NATURAL SURFACE WATER OUTFLOWS ENVIRONMENT USE

Natural MRH / EI Recharge 14,700 AF/YR 6,800 AF/YR (3.6%) (1.6%)

Well Pumping 23,700 AF/YR*

4,500 AF/YR Effluent, Surface Deficit = 0 Water & Incidental Recharge 6,700 AF/YR*

Santa Clara Valley Water District Groundwater Management Plan Prescott AMA Precipitation and Evapotranspiration

Precipitation

Yitayew, M. 1990. Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates for Arizona. Tech 1 Bull. 266. From Prescott AMA Virtual Tour Agr.Exp.Stn.Col. Of Agr. Univerisity of Arizona Average Annual Evaporation in the United States

Vadose Zone (Unsaturated Zone; Zone of Aeration) epsc428.wustl.edu/Lectures/428_L6 Solid, Liquid & Gas Phases ... Fetter 2001 f.ppt Average Annual Runoff in the United States

epsc428.wustl.edu/Lectures/428_L6 f.ppt Movement of Water Through the Movement of Water Through the Bottom of an Ephemeral Stream Top Soil

Water Repellent Soils: a state-of-the art LeonardF.DeBano, March 1981, United States Department of Agriculture, General Technical Report PSW-46. The University of Arizona, Arizona Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, August 2007. Understanding Arizona’s Riparian Areas. Chapter 3, Hydrologic Processes in Riparian Areas, By Mary Nichols. Stream Recharge

Vadose Zone (Unsaturated Zone; Zone of Aeration) Solid, Liquid & Gas Phases ... Fetter 2001

epsc428.wustl.edu/Lectures/428_L6f.ppt Groundwater Recharge in Granite Creek

Well ID 523565 Adjacent 3/05 3/10 to Granite Creek 3/95 Depth to Water Table

Granite Creek

3/95 1/05 1/10 2,030 cfs Granite Creek Flowrate

Well ID 523565 Granite Creek from Granite Dells to Perkinsville Road

Upstream of Highway 89A Bridge Looking South Upstream of Perkinsville Road Looking SE

West of Black Hill Looking North Viewpoint Subdivision and Lonesome Valley

Drainage Channel in Viewpoint Subdivision Detention Basin in Pronghorn Subdivision (Winter)

Looking South from Perkinsville Road at Lonesome Valley Granite Creek and Lonesome Valley

Lonesome Valley Granite Creek Drainage Mountain Recharge Satellite View of Prescott and Prescott Valley Vicinity Showing Surrounding Mountains, Basins and Ephemeral Streams

Granite Creek Black Hills

Sierra Prieta Range Bradshaw Mountains Aqua Fria Mountain Recharge from Black Hills to Little Chino Basin

Martin Canyon Little Coyote Canyon CCC Canyon Black Hills

ADWR Automated Well N CCC Canyon

Martin Canyon

Little Coyote Canyon ADWR Figure Showing Thickness of the Combined Lower Volcanic and Upper Alluvial Unit in the Prescott AMA Hydraulic Conductivity Values in Upper Alluvial Unit

Prescott AMA Groundwater Flow Model Update Report, October 31, 2006, Daniel Timmons and Abe Springer, Northern Arizona University, Prepared for Arizona Department of Water Resources, Contract #: 2005-2592, Final Report Hydraulic Conductivity Values in Lower Volcanic Unit

Prescott AMA Groundwater Flow Model Update Report, October 31, 2006, Daniel Timmons and Abe Springer, Northern Arizona University, Prepared for Arizona Department of Water Resources, Contract #: 2005-2592, Final Report Lateral Cross Section of the Little Chino Aquifer Basin

Recharge Granite Creek Granite

Recharge Recharge Alluvium GWL

Basalt

Basement Longitudinal Cross Section of the Little Chino Aquifer Basin Groundwater Flow Directions

Groundwater Flow Modeling and Multiple Scenario Analysis: Prescott Active Management Area, Yavapai County, Arizona, Daniel L. Timmons, M.S. Environmental Sciences and Policy, NAU, Global Water, PowerPoint Presentation by Daniel L. Timmons to Upper Verde River Watershed Protection Coalition, Safe Yield Workgroup, August 13, 2008 Groundwater Contours Proposed Tool for Prescott AMA Groundwater Deficit Problem Water Supply Goal

 General Goal: Achieve safe yield through:

. Conservation . Increase aquifer recharge . Alternate water sources

 Aquifer Recharge goal:

. Increase from about 2% to about 5% Macro Rainwater Harvesting and Evaporation Interception Concepts to Increase Aquifer Recharge

Evaporation Control Harvest

Transport

Recharge Evaporation Control Macro Rainwater Harvesting and Evaporation Interception Concepts to Increase Aquifer Recharge

 Harvest rainwater that otherwise would have been lost to evaporation and transport to a recharge area with high infiltration rates.

 Harvest rainwater on or below the surface with the intent that at no time would this rainwater have had the potential to leave the Prescott AMA as surface outflow. Surface Drainage Collection In Undeveloped Areas

Infiltration and evaporation

Granite Creek

Existing Condition Containment and Transport Before Evaporation

No runoff and/or recharge Runoff and recharge in creek bottom in creek bottom Sub-Surface Infiltration Collection Using Perforated Pipes Following Natural Drainage Swales In Undeveloped Areas

Infiltration and evaporation

Granite Creek Collection and Transport Existing Condition Before Evaporation

No runoff and/or recharge Runoff and recharge in creek bottom in creek bottom Surface and/or Sub-Surface Infiltration Collection by Regrading Topography, Compacting Soils and Applying Soil Repellents in Undeveloped Areas

Compact and/or New grade add soil repellent

Evaporation Evaporation

Existing Grade

To To central recharge surface collection Sub-Surface Infiltration Collection Using Perforated Pipe Under Drainage Channels and Detention Basins

Drainage Channels Detention Basins Sub-Surface Infiltration Collection Using Perforated Pipes Along Roadside Ditches and in Developed Areas

Lot + Street Frontage = 14,000 sf = 0.32 acres 14,000 sf x 15.5 in / 12 = 18,083 cf = 18,083 / 43,560 = 0.42 af Assume 50% capture = 0.5 x 0.42 = 0.21 af = (0.21 / 0.33) x 100 = 64% of water demand per dwelling unit per year Sanitary Sewer Infiltration / Inflow (Unintended Sub-Surface Collection)

http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/wastewater/II/What.aspx East Bay Infiltration Inflow Study Proposed Pilot Site Locations

Old Home Manor Chino Valley

Viewpoint City of Prescott/ Prescott Valley Pronghorn APS Solar Site at Prescott Valley The Airport Viewpoint Pilot Site and Layout Pronghorn Pilot Site and Layout Various Agricultural Subsurface Drainage System Layouts Recommended by the University of Minnesota Fig. 1. Various drainage system layout alternatives. Fig. 2. Alignment of field laterals with contours.

Table 3. General parallel drain lateral spacing and depths for different soils.

Drain Spacing (ft) for: Drain Soil Subsoil Depth Type Permeability Fair Good Excellent (ft) Drainage Drainage Drainage 1/4 in 3/8 in 1/2 in

Clay loam Very low 70 50 35 3.0-3.5

Silty clay loam Low 95 65 45 3.3-3.5

Silt loam Moderately low 130 90 60 3.5-4.0

Loam Moderate 200 140 95 3.8-4.3

Sandy Loam Moderately High 300 210 150 4.0-4.5

University of Minnesota Extension Old Home Manor Pilot Site and Layout

“Roaded Catchment” with Co-Polymer

FM Compaction to 95%

FM Modified Proctor Density

“Roaded Catchment” FM

Soil Repellant - Tall Oil Pitch

Control Area OLD HOME MANOR PILOT DETAILS Rain Water Harvesting and Groundwater Recharge Methods Used in the U.S. and Other Countries

 Western Australia (Harvesting)  Saudi Arabia (Harvesting)  Jordan (Recharge)  Israel (Harvesting)  Ogden, Utah (Recharge)  Los Angeles, California (Harvesting & Recharge)  Albuquerque, New Mexico (Recharge) Rainwater Harvesting and Recharge in Other Countries

Photograph and sketch from Kristine Uhlman, University of Arizona Roaded Catchments to Improve Reliability of Farm Dams, Bulletin 4660 “Roaded Catchments” in Australia Underground Dams (Wadis) in Saudi Arabia

Artificial groundwater Recharge in Faria Catchment, Yahya Fathi Kamel Saleh 2009 Infiltration Basins in Jordan Microcatchments in Israel Rainwater Harvesting and Recharge in Other States

Weber Basin Water Conservancy District Mountain Front Recharge in Ogden, UT

Enhanced Mountain Front Recharge Concept Rainwater Harvesting and Recharge in Other States

Decentralized Rainwater Harvesting and Groundwater Recharge, Los Angeles, CA

Los Angeles & San Gabriel Watershed Council

Bear Canyon Recharge Demonstration Project, Albuquerque, NM

Stephanie Moore, Daniel B. Stephens and Assoc Thank you

Questions?