A Cultura De Segurança Rodoviária No Distrito De Leiria: Formas De Pensar E Agir

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A Cultura De Segurança Rodoviária No Distrito De Leiria: Formas De Pensar E Agir Pedro Francisco Seco Henriques A cultura de segurança rodoviária no distrito de Leiria: Formas de pensar e agir Mestrado em Dinâmicas Sociais, Riscos Naturais e Tecnológicos Coimbra, 2010 Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Dinâmicas Sociais, Riscos Naturais e Tecnológicos, no curso interdisciplinar das Faculdades de Letras, Ciências e Tecnologia e de Economia na Universidade de Coimbra. Pedro Francisco Seco Henriques sob a orientação do Professor Doutor José Manuel Oliveira Mendes Coimbra Outubro de 2010 iii Agradecimentos Quero agradecer a forma como me ajudaram a construir esta tese e a disponibilidade prestada, às seguintes pessoas: - À minha família, pelo apoio e paciência; - Ao meu orientador Professor Dr. José Manuel Mendes, que me conduziu nos labirintos da investigação; - Aos meus colegas e amigos António José Pires Ferreira e Cristina Isabel Seco Costa, pela forma célere e eficaz com que me auxiliaram; - A todos os que contribuíram com o questionário, fornecendo-me dados empíricos para a investigação; - A todos os entrevistados, que partilharam conhecimentos e experiência. Assim, considero-os dignos deste agradecimento formal. Obrigado. iv Índice geral Agradecimentos............................................................................................................................. iv Índice de siglas e abreviaturas ...................................................................................................... 3 RESUMO ....................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................................. 6 1 - TEORIA .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 - A definição de risco ............................................................................................................. 10 1.2 - O significado da sinistralidade rodoviária ........................................................................... 12 1.3 - A sinistralidade rodoviária: um problema mundial .............................................................. 14 1.4 - O estado da arte ................................................................................................................. 17 1.5 - O que se traz de novo ......................................................................................................... 22 2 - CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO, METODOLOGIA E HIPÓTESES ................................................... 24 2.1 - Caracterização: o distrito no país ....................................................................................... 24 2.2 - A sinistralidade no distrito ................................................................................................... 26 2.3 - Metodologia: os pressupostos do inquérito ........................................................................ 33 2.3.1 - O inquérito por questionário ............................................................................................. 37 2.3.2 - A entrevista ...................................................................................................................... 40 2.4 - A cartografia ........................................................................................................................ 42 2.5 - As hipóteses da tese ........................................................................................................... 44 3 - CARTOGRAFIA E EXPOSIÇÃO DOS PONTOS NEGROS .................................................. 48 3.1 - Cartografia dos pontos negros ............................................................................................ 48 3.2 – Análise in loco dos pontos negros ..................................................................................... 50 4 – RESULTADOS DO INQUÉRITO POR QUESTIONÁRIO ..................................................... 61 4.1 - Caracterização da amostra final ......................................................................................... 61 4.2 – Análise dos primeiros dados descritivos ............................................................................ 63 4.3 – Comportamentos e percepções dos utentes: análise estatística....................................... 69 5 – SINISTRALIDADE RODOVIÁRIA: A PERSPECTIVA DE ACTORES PRIVILEGIADOS ..... 88 DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÕES ................................................................................................ 118 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS .......................................................................................... 122 ANEXO 1 ................................................................................................................................... 128 ANEXO 2 ................................................................................................................................... 134 ANEXO 3 ................................................................................................................................... 138 1 Índice de figuras Figura 1 - Diagrama de Venn, causas dos acidentes rodoviários (EUA).................................... 17 Figura 2 - Concelhos do distrito de Leiria ................................................................................... 25 Figura 3 - Mortos por milhão de habitantes, 2006 comparado a 1997 (EU-25) ......................... 26 Figura 4 - Total de vítimas segundo a categoria de utente com 65+ anos, ANSR (2006) ......... 27 Figura 5 - Número de mortos por milhão de habitantes (2006) .................................................. 28 Figura 6 - Sinistralidade rodoviária por Região, ANSR (2006) ................................................... 29 Figura 7 - Mortos e índice de gravidade, ANSR (2006) .............................................................. 30 Figura 8 - Percentagem de mortos segundo a categoria de veículo, ANSR (2008) ................... 31 Figura 9 - Esquema Metodológico da Cartografia dos PN ......................................................... 44 Figura 10 - Mapa dos pontos negros .......................................................................................... 49 2 Índice de siglas e abreviaturas ACAP – Associação Automóvel de Portugal ADHD – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders AE – Auto-Estrada ANSR – Autoridade Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária CARE – European Road Accidents Database CE – Código da Estrada CM – Câmara Municipal EM – Estrada Municipal EN – Estrada Nacional FG – Feridos Graves FL – Feridos Leves GNR – Guarda Nacional Republicana IC – Itinerário Complementar IG – Índice de Gravidade INE – Instituto Nacional de Estatística IP – Itinerário Principal IrG – Indicador de Gravidade ISP – Instituto de Seguros de Portugal JF – Junta de Freguesia M – Mortos mHab – Um milhão de Habitantes MR – Marcas Rodoviárias OMS – Organização Mundial de Saúde PN – Pontos Negros PR – Prevenção Rodoviária PSP – Polícia de Segurança Pública SIG – Sistema de Informação Geográfica SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SR – Segurança Rodoviária SWOT – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TMD – Tráfego Médio Diário 3 RESUMO Apresenta-se neste trabalho os pontos negros da sinistralidade rodoviária no distrito de Leiria e a sua distribuição geográfica, salientando-se também alguns perigos iminentes. Também se apreende e verifica quais são os comportamentos dos utentes, comparando-se os factores sociodemográficos e a frequência de condução dos utentes com a cultura preventiva e de segurança rodoviária. Complementarmente, a partir das entrevistas realizadas, retiram-se dados e reflexões importantes que permitem estabelecer comparações entre as diversas dimensões analisadas. Resumidamente, estes são os principais objectivos da tese. Com recurso à cartografia identificaram-se os pontos negros da sinistralidade rodoviária e examinaram-se os mais relevantes no distrito de Leiria. Através do inquérito por questionário mediram-se diversas variáveis, investigando-se a conduta dos utentes no distrito de Leiria. Para complementar este estudo, elaboraram-se entrevistas a cinco entidades diferentes, relacionadas com o tema e considerando-se até, privilegiadas nesta matéria. Pode-se concluir que existem alguns comportamentos de risco por parte de condutores e peões. Conclui-se também que os factores sociodemográficos dos utentes estão relacionados com os comportamentos de risco e perigo, com a percepção do perigo e com a avaliação do ambiente rodoviário. Já a frequência de condução só está relacionada com os comportamentos de risco. Pode-se, assim, concluir que os factores sociodemográficos e a frequência de condução estão relacionados com a cultura de prevenção e segurança rodoviária dos condutores e peões no distrito de Leiria. Palavras-chave: Acidentes de viação; Comportamento de condutores e peões; Rede viária; Pontos Negros. 4 ABSTRACT This paper concerns to traffic accidents black spots of Leiria district, its geographical distribution and highlights also some imminent dangers. It also shows and identifies which are the users’ behaviors, comparing the sociodemographic factors and drivers’ driving frequency with the preventive culture and safety driving. Additionally, and starting from the interviews, data and important reflections were collected allowing comparisons between the several analyzed view points. These are concisely
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