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Thalictrum Is a Member of the Butter- Some Meadow Rues a Decidedly Fernlike (Thalictrum)—Their Delicate Flow- Cup Family (Ranunculaceae), Which Appearance

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Thalictrum Is a Member of the Butter- Some Meadow Rues a Decidedly Fernlike (Thalictrum)—Their Delicate Flow- Cup Family (Ranunculaceae), Which Appearance ISSUE 28, 2007 Plant Evaluation Notes An Evaluation Report of Meadow Rues Richard G. Hawke, Plant Evaluation Manager he merits of meadow rues Thalictrum is a member of the butter- some meadow rues a decidedly fernlike (Thalictrum)—their delicate flow- cup family (Ranunculaceae), which appearance. Leaflet shape and color Ters, handsome foliage and graceful includes other important garden perenni- varies as well, being round, oval or linear habits—are treasured by many gardeners. als such as Aquilegia, Delphinium and and blue-green, gray-green or green. From the diminutive T. kiusianum to the Helleborus. Many of the 130 worldwide Meadow rues have small flowers that titanic T. pubescens, they possess a dis- species of Thalictrum are indigenous to feature clusters of stamens but lack true tinctive charm. Meadow rues are a northern temperate zones. Meadow rues petals. In some species, colorful and per- diverse group of perennials well-suited to are perennial herbs with clump-forming sistent petaloid sepals subtend the sta- a variety of garden settings including or rhizomatous habits ranging from sever- sunny borders, woodlands and rockeries. al inches to over 10 feet tall. Their fine- The wealth of meadow rues available to textured leaflets are arranged pinnately THE WEALTH OF MEADOW gardeners ensures a profusion of pretty (featherlike) or ternately (divided one or blossoms from spring into fall. more times into groups of three), giving RUES AVAILABLE TO GARDENERS ENSURES A PROFUSION OF PRETTY BLOSSOMS FROM SPRING INTO FALL. mens; whereas, other species have insignificant sepals that may fall off early, leaving only the stamens to provide the floral display. For example, the pendulous flowers of Thalictrum rochebruneanum have conspicuous lavender sepals sur- rounding a boss of primrose-yellow sta- mens, while the flowers of T. aquilegiifoli- um are fuzzy pompons of lilac-colored sta- mens only. The yellow, pink, violet, white or greenish flowers are borne in ter- minal or axillary clusters in late spring and summer. Columbine meadow rue (T. Photographed in the garden of Linda Cochran, Bainbridge Island, WA by Richard Hawke Richard by WA Bainbridge Island, of Linda Cochran, in the garden Photographed aquilegiifolium) is the first to bloom in mid-May, while ‘Elin’ and T. roche- bruneanum have flowers lasting late into the summer and early autumn. The easy-to-grow meadow rues gen- erally prefer moist, organic soils in partial shade to full sun. In some cases, such as Thalictrum aquilegiifolium, consistent moisture is beneficial for success in sunny gardens. Plants that become ragged after flowering can be pruned to the ground to rejuvenate plant health and encourage new growth. Meadow rues are generally trouble-free, although powdery mildew and leaf miners are occasional pest prob- lems for some species. Thalictrum rochebruneanum 2 Plant Evaluation Notes CHICAGO BOTANIC GARDEN Meadow rues are used formally or tions as well as two additional species display and leaf color; cultural adaptabili- informally in borders, meadows and collected in Russia. The goal of the com- ty to the soil and environmental condi- woodland gardens. As a rule, tall meadow parative trials was to identify outstanding tions of the test site; disease and pest rues are best at the back of the border, but Thalictrum for full-sun gardens through an problems; and winter injury. Final ratings the statuesque, yet airy Thalictrum roche- assessment of their ornamental traits, are based on flower production, plant bruneanum has a see-through quality that disease and pest resistance, cultural health, habit quality and winter hardi- makes it a good accent in the midborder adaptability and winter hardiness. ness. Plant traits, evaluation specifics and too. Small species such as T. kiusianum Eight plants of each taxon were final ratings for 17 commercially available and T. ichangense may be overwhelmed by grown in side-by-side plots for easy com- taxa that completed the trial are noted in neighboring plants in the perennial bor- parison. The evaluation site received Table 1. Three accessions of Thalictrum der but are well-suited to rock gardens. approximately 10 hours of full sun during delavayi ‘Hewitt’s Double’ were evaluated Pairing the fine-textured meadow rues the growing season and was openly between 1998 and 2001 but each time all with bold-leaved perennials such as exposed to wind in all directions. The the plants died after one season in the rodgersias (Rodgersia) and ligularias well-drained, clay-loam soil was amended trial; therefore, the evaluation of this (Ligularia) creates a dramatic contrast. In with composted leaves and had a pH of taxon was considered incomplete and not full sun, meadow rues combine nicely 7.4 throughout the evaluation term. included in Table 1. Performance infor- with daylilies (Hemerocallis), phloxes mation on wild-collected taxa is high- (Phlox) and ornamental grasses; while yel- Maintenance practices were kept to lighted in the sidebar on page 6; these low waxbells (Kirengeshoma), turtleheads a minimum to simulate home garden cul- taxa were not rated because they are not (Chelone) and ferns make delightful com- ture. Water was provided as needed and recommended for garden use. panions in shady gardens. no fertilizer was applied. Plants were not routinely cut back after flowering, but In general, the meadow rues exhibit- ed strong habits and good flower produc- The Evaluation Study occasionally stems were pruned to the tion in the full-sun test site. The lack of The Chicago Botanic Garden ground to rejuvenate foliage and plant any serious pest or disease problems, com- (USDA Hardiness Zone 5b, AHS Plant health. Mulch consisting of shredded bined with winter hardiness, contributed Heat-Zone 5) evaluated 26 taxa of leaves and wood chips was placed around to high ratings for many plants. Eleven Thalictrum in two successive trials from the plants for water conservation and taxa received four-star good ratings for 1995 through 2003. The first trial, from weed suppression. No winter protection their overall performance, including 1995 through 1999, included six species was provided. Thalictrum flavum ssp. glaucum, T. flavum that were wild-collected in different ‘Illuminator’, T. kiusianum, T. lucidum, regions of Russia. The second trial took Observations T. minus ‘Adiantifolium’, T. pubescens, place from 1998 through 2003 and con- The comprehensive evaluation of Thalictrum T. rochebruneanum, T. rochebruneanum tained 18 cultivated taxa obtained from included the collection of data ‘Lavender Mist’, T. rochebruneanum ‘Purple commercial sources or botanical institu- on ornamental traits including floral Table 1: Plant Characteristics and Performance Summary Ratings Overall Thalictrum Flower Color Flower Bloom Period Flower Leaf Color2 Plant Plant Rating Size Coverage1 Height Width 1 HHHH ‘Elin’ lavender, yellow ⁄2 in. late Jun-mid Aug good purple/blue-green 96 in. 42 in. 3 HH actaeifolium lavender and white• ⁄8 in. Aug-Sep poor bronze/green 34 in. 22 in. 5 HHH aquilegiifolium pale lavender• ⁄8 in. late May-late Jun fair blue-green 30 in. 20 in. HHHH aquilegiifolium ‘Purpureum’ lavender• 1 in. mid May-late Jun good blue-green 42 in. 20 in. 3 HHH aquilegiifolium var. album white• ⁄4 in. mid May-mid Jun fair blue-green 33 in. 16 in. 1 HH delavayi lavender, yellow ⁄2 in. early to late Jul poor green 33 in. 14 in. 1 HHHH flavum ‘Illuminator’ yellow• ⁄2 in. late Jun-late Jul fair yellow/blue-green 49 in. 28 in. 1 HHHH flavum ssp. glaucum yellow• ⁄2 in. mid Jun-late Jul good blue-green 72 in. 30 in. 1 HHH flavum ssp. glaucum ‘True Blue’ yellow• ⁄2 in. early Jul-early Aug good blue-green 50 in. 26 in. 1 HH ichangense pale lavender• ⁄2 in. early Jun-early Jul poor bronze/green 10 in. 18 in. 1 HHHH kiusianum pink• ⁄2 in. late Jun-mid Aug excellent purple/green 5 in. 15 in. 1 HHHH lucidum pale yellow• ⁄2 in. late Jun-early Aug excellent green 72 in. 30 in. 1 HHHH minus ‘Adiantifolium’ yellow• ⁄2 in. mid Jun-late Jul excellent blue-green 61 in. 24 in. 1 HHHH pubescens creamy white• ⁄2 in. late Jun-early Aug excellent green 120 in. 45 in. 1 HHHH rochebruneanum lavender, yellow ⁄2 in. early Jul-Sep good purple/blue-green 72 in. 30 in. 1 HHHH rochebruneanum ‘Lavender Mist’ lavender, yellow ⁄2 in. early Jul-Sep good purple/blue-green 75 in. 26 in. 1 HHHH rochebruneanum ‘Purple Mist’ lavender, yellow ⁄2 in. early Jul-Sep good purple/blue-green 72 in. 30 in. Overall Ratings: HHHH good, HHH fair, HH poor. •Floral display consists of conspicuous stamens only due to absent or insignificant sepals. 1Flower coverage ratings: excellent 80-100%; good 60-80%; fair 40-60%; poor <40%. 2Emerging or early leaf color precedes the backslash, followed by the standard leaf color. CHICAGO BOTANIC GARDEN Plant Evaluation Notes 3 Richard Hawke Richard Richard Hawke Richard Photographed at Olbrich Botanical Gardens, Madison, WI by Richard Hawke Richard WI by Madison, at Olbrich Gardens, Botanical Photographed Thalictrum lucidum Thalictrum flavum ssp. glaucum Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Mist’, T. ‘Elin’ and T. aquilegiifolium back after flowering to rejuvenate plant sepals were inconspicuous and abscised ‘Purpureum’. health. A small amount of leaf miner early. The floral effect was more textural Thalictrum flavum ssp. glaucum (yel- damage was observed in 2002 and 2003, than colorful due to the small size of the low meadow rue) was a robust, rhizoma- but was superficial and did not have an flowers and the openness of the inflores- tous plant with stems spreading up to 6 effect on plant health. cences. The fine-textured foliage, resem- feet from the original plot by the fourth Thalictrum kiusianum (Kyushu mead- bling the fronds of maidenhair fern year of the trial. The rhizomatous stems ow rue) was the smallest species in the (Adiantum), emerged with a bronze cast did not grow into a thicket but instead trial, only 2 inches tall without flowers.
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