Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile of City of San Fernando, Pampanga (CSFP), 2015 Table of Contents

List of Tables i List of Figures iii

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background 1-1 1.2. The Study Area 1-1 1.3. Analytical Framework 1-2

Chapter 2: LAND USE AND PHYSICAL FEATURES 2.1. Key Topographic Features 2-1 2.2. Hierarchy of Urban Centers 2-3 2.3. Spatial Transformation of Metro Clark 2-6 2.4. Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCC) in CSFP 2-7

Chapter 3: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 3.1. Health 3-1 3.1.1 Health Services and Facilities 3-1 3.1.2 Health Insurance 3-2 3.1.3 Health Indicators 3-3 3.1.4 Access to Safe Water Supply 3-6 3.1.5 Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility 3-7 3.1.6 Family Planning Practices 3-7

3.2. Education 3-8 3.2.1 School Age Population and Literacy Rate 3-9 3.2.2 Elementary Education 3-10 3.2.3 Secondary Education 3-11 3.2.4 National Achievement Test (Elementary and Secondary Level) 3-13 3.2.5 Technical Vocational Education 3-16

3.3. Social Welfare 3-16 3.3.1 Children 3-16 3.3.2 Poverty 3-17

3.4. Housing 3-17 3.4.1 Informal Settlements

Chapter 4: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4.1. Economic Structure 4-1 4.2. Labor Force and Employment 4-1 4.3. Income and Poverty 4-3 4.4. Major Industries and Support Services 4-6 4.4.1 Tourism and Related Services 4-6 4.4.2 Commerce and Industry 4-10 4.4.3 Agriculture 4-12 4.4.4 Banking 4-13

Chapter 5: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 5.1. Transportation 5-1 5.1.1 Road Network 5-1 5.1.2 Vehicle Registration 5-4 5.1.3 Airport 5-4

5.2. Utilities 5-5 5.2.1 Water Supply 5-5 5.2.2 Power 5-7

5.3. Irrigation and Flood Control 5-9 5.3.1 Irrigation 5-9 5.3.2 Flood Control Drainage 5-10

5.4. Telecommunication 5-12 5.4.1 Telephone Services 5-12 5.4.2 Television Stations 5-12

Chapter 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 6.1. Air Quality 6-1 6.2. Water Quality 6-4 6.3. Waste Management 6-5 6.4. Solid Waste Generation 6-6 6.5. Solid Waste Projection 6-7 6.6. Waste Characteristics 6-8 6.7. Waste Collection Breakdown 6-8

Chapter 7: DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION 7.1. Revenue Generation 7-1 7.2. Expenditure Pattern 7-4 7.3. Competitiveness 7-7 7.4. Local Governance Enhancement Initiatives 7-8 7.5. Peace and Order 7-10 7.6. Fire Protection 7-12 7.7. Public Governance System 7-12 7.7.1 The City Officials 7-13 7.7.2 The Sangguniang Panlunsod 7-14 7.7.3 Organizational Structure 7-15 7.7.4 The City Barangays 7-16

List of Tables

Chapter 3: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Table 3-1 CSFP List of Licensed Government and Private Hospitals, and Other Health Facilities (as of November 2015) …………………………………… 3-2 Table 3-2 CSFP Total PhilHealth Beneficiaries………………………………………… 3-2 Table 3-3 CSFP Maternal Health Care Services……………………………………..... 3-3 Table 3-4 Fully Immunized Children (FIC) and Children (<1yr. old) given Measles Vaccine, 2012…………………………………………………...... 3-4 Table 3-5 Educational Scholarship Assistance Program Scholars and Amount Granted...... 3-15 Table 3-6 No. of Persons Enrolled and Graduates in Technical Vocational Courses City of San Fernando, Pampanga: Year 2010-2014……………………….. 3-16

Chapter 4: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Table 4-1 Average and Per Capita Monthly Income and Expenditure, 2013……..….. 4-3 Table 4-2 Number of Registered MSMEs, 2010-2014……………………….………… 4-11 Table 4-3 Total Agricultural Productive Land (hectare), 2013-2014………….……….. 4-12

Chapter 5: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Table 5-1 CSFP Road Inventory as of September 2015……………..………………… 5-1 Table 5-2 CSFP ROAD INVENTORY per Barangay (As of August 2015)…………… 5-2 Table 5-3 Preliminary Results of Water Quality Test for Groundwater Managed by Water Districts in Pampanga, 2010………..……………………….………… 5-6 Table 5-4 Waterworks Systems and Status, 2014-2015……………………………….. 5-6 Table 5-5 Monthly Loads of SFELAPCO (including loads of SMC and SMYPC), 2015…….………………………………………………………………………… 5-8 Table 5-6 Daily Load Profile of SFELAPCO, August 2015…………………………….. 5-9 Table 5-7 Status of Irrigation in CSFP, 2015…………………..………………………… 5-10 Table 5-8 Local Television Stations, 2014…………………………………..…………… 5-12

Chapter 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Table 6-1 Characteristics, Sources, and Effects of Criteria Pollutants to Health (Source: US EPA, 200762)……………… ……………………………………. 6-3 Table 6-2 Quantity and composition of waste generated from all sources, 2014……. 6-7 Table 6-3 Population projection of City of San Fernando and estimated daily waste generation………………………………………………………………………... 6-8 Table 6-4 Percentage waste generated by sectors and actual waste collected and disposed, 2014………………………………………………………………….. 6-9

Chapter 7: DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

Table 7-1 Distribution of Income /Revenue by Source, 2010-2014……..…………….. 7-1 Table 7-2 City’s total receipt from 2012 – 2015……………….………………………… 7-2 Table 7-3 Comparative Assessment of Internal and External Sources………………. 7-3 Table 7-4 Actual Expenditure by Object, 2013 – 2015…………………………………. 7-4 Table 7-5 Comparative Actual Expenditure by General Account of CSFP, Angeles City, and Mabalacat City (2012-2014)……………. …………………………. 7-5

i

Table 7-6 Budget for the last 5 years…………………………………………………... 7-6 Table 7-7 Overall Ranking under the National Competitiveness Survey, 2014- 2015……………………………………………………………………………. 7-7 Table 7-8 Comparative 2015 Overall Ranking of CSFP, Angeles City, and Mabalacat City…………………………………………………………………... 7-7 Table 7-9 City of San Fernando List of Executive Orders Series of 2013- 2014……………..……………………………………………………………..... 7-9 Table 7-10 Crime Statistics, 2014……………………………...... 7-11 Table 7-11 Fire Protection Statistics (Personnel and Equipment) As of December 2014…...... 7-12 Table 7-12 List of City Offices and Office Heads……………………………….………… 7-13 Table 7-13 City Barangays and its Population, 2010……………….……………………. 7-16

ii

List of Figures

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

Figure 1-1 The Study Area……………………..…………………………………………… 1-2 Figure 1-2 Climate Change (CC) & Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Mainstreaming Framework……………………………………………………………………….. 1-3

Chapter 2: LAND USE AND PHYSICAL FEATURES

Figure 2-1 Central Luzon, Pampanga River Basin, and CSFP Boundaries Rendered on a 3-dimentional Digital Elevation Model (DEM) …………………………. 2-2 Figure 2-2 Categories of town and cities in Central Luzon based 2010 population….. 2-4 Figure 2-3 Proposed hierarchy of urban centers in Central Luzon……..……………… 2-5 Figure 2-4 Evolution of Metro Clark from 1977-2014……………………………………. 2-6 Figure 2-5 Land Use/ Land Cover Changes (LULCC) in CSFP From 1977-2014……. 2-7 Figure 2-6 Land Use Accounting and Urban Land Demand Projection for CSFP at Doubling of Population……………………………………………………...... 2-8 Figure 2-7 A Google Earth Satellite Image Showing a Planned Unit Development (PUD) With Very Few Dwelling Structures Vis-à-Vis the 2014 Land Cover Map of CSFP…………………………………………………………………….. 2-9

Chapter 3: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Figure 3-1 Incidence and Cause of Sickness, 2013……………………………………... 3-5 Figure 3-2 Incidence and Cause of Death, 2013…………………………………………. 3-5 Figure 3-3 Source of Drinking Water, 2013…………………………….…………………. 3-6 Figure 3-4 Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, Per Barangay, 2013…………………... 3-7 Figure 3-5 Family Planning Practice, 2013……………………………………………….. 3-8 Figure 3-6 Simple Literacy Rate, 2013……………………………….……………………. 3-9 Figure 3-7 Performance Indicators, Elementary Level...………………………………… 3-11 Figure 3-8 Performance Indicators, Secondary Level…………………………………… 3-13 Figure 3-9 National Achievement Test (Academic Performance), Public Elementary Level……………………………………………………………………………… 3-14 Figure 3-10 National Achievement Test (Academic Performance), Public Secondary.………………………………………………………………………. 3-14 Figure 3-11 CSFP Informal Settlers 2008-2014………………….………………………… 3-18

Chapter 4: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Figure 4-1 Percentage Distribution of Employed Labor Force according to Job- 4-2 Industry Classification………………………………………………………...... Figure 4-2 Employment Generation of Registered Businesses, 2011-2014………….. 4-2 Figure 4-3 Employment Growth Rate of Registered……………………….…………….. 4-2 Figure 4-4 Location of Large Enterprises and Per Capita Income………….………….. 4-5 Figure 4-5 Visitor Arrivals during Annual City Tourism and Cultural Events, 2010- 2014...... 4-7

iii

Figure 4-6 Number of Tourists with Overnight Stay in Hotels and/or Resorts, 2012- 2014………………………………………………………………………………. 4-7 Figure 4-7 Gross Sales of Tourism Related Establishments, 2010-2014…………...... 4-7 Figure 4-8 Average Production per Hectare (metric tons/hectare), 2013-2014………. 4-12 Figure 4-9 High Value Commercial Crops Production (mt/ha), 2014………………….. 4-13 Figure 4-10 Number of Banks and Financial Institutions, 2014………………………….. 4-14

Chapter 5: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Figure 5-1 Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA)……………………………………………. 5-3 Figure 5-2 Major Arterial Roads in City of San Fernando…………………..…………… 5-3 Figure 5-3 Clark International Airport (CRK)……………………………………………… 5-4 Figure 5-4 SFELAPCO Line KW Demand, 2015…………………………………………. 5-8 Figure 5-5 Flooding Exposure Map of CSFP…………….……………………………….. 5-11

Chapter 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Figure 6-1 2014 Air quality monitoring results at the EMB Air Quality Sampling Station in Heroes Hall………………………………………………………….. 6-2 Figure 6-2 River network map of the City of San Fernando………….…………………. 6-5 Figure 6-3 Types of waste generated in CSFP according to classification………….... 6-8

Chapter 7: DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

Figure 7-1 City’s total receipts from 2012-2015……………………………...…………… 7-2 Figure 7-2 Actual Expenditure by General Account, 2013 – 2015……………………... 7-4 Figure 7-3 Organization Structure of CSFP………………………….…………………… 7-15

iv

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 Introduction

1.1 BACKGROUND Presented and discussed in sectoral, temporal, and spatial dimensions are the key socio-economic and biophysical (SEBP) features of City of San Fernando (P.). The impact of the provincial and regional politico-administrative environments in the city’s local economic growth and physical development was also considered. The profile contains an assessment of the internal strengths and weaknesses of, including the external opportunities and threats to the development of CSFP. The profiling and assessment processes also took into consideration the factors affecting the realization of the long term vision, medium term goals, and immediate development objectives of the city.

To improve the reliability and integrity of information, evidence-based planning tools such as those involving the use of geographic information system (GIS), quantitative and inferential statistics, and other advanced urban & development planning tools were used in the study. Data triangulation was also utilized to check on the reliability of input datasets.

This SEBP is divided in seven (7) major sections, namely: i) Introduction and rationale, ii) Land Use and Physical, iii) Social Development, iv) Economic Development, v) Infrastructure, vi) Environmental Management, and vii) Governance. The key issues and priority development objectives contained in this profile will be addressed in the land use, zoning, and sectoral plans through policy, program, and project interventions.

1.2 THE STUDY AREA Shown in Figure 1-1 is the study area and its immediate environment. City of San Fernando, Pampanga (CSFP) is located some 70 kilometers north of Metro Manila. It is the capital of the province of Pampanga and the designated regional center of Central Luzon region. All its 33 barangays are classified urban. CSFP has a total land area of 70.91 square kilometers (sq.km.) that represents 3.25 percent of the total land area of Pampanga. At annual growth rate of 2.57 percent, CSFP’s 2010 census year population of 285,912 is projected to reach 324,573 mid 2015. CSFP, along with other 32 of the total 130 cities and municipalities in Central Luzon

Introduction 1-1

with population ranging from 100 – 400 thousand are under large city category. San Fernando City has been in this category since the 70s.

1. The StudyArea The1. -

1 Figure

1.3 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK To incorporate climate adaptation and vulnerability reduction measures in the plans of CSFP, the study team adopted the disaster risk reduction (DRR)

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 1-2 mainstreaming framework of NEDA which was prepared in a technical assistance jointly funded by United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and European Commission Humanitarian Aid (EUHA) in 2008 (Figure 1-2). The framework has three (3) major components, namely: i) disaster risk assessment (DRA), ii) entry points of DRA in plan formulation process, and iii) investment programming, budgeting and results monitoring.

Figure 1-2. Climate Change (CC) & Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Mainstreaming Framework

Introduction 1-3

Chapter 2

LAND USE AND PHYSICAL FEATURES

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015

Land Use and Physical Features

2.1 KEY TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES Shown in Figure 2-1 is a 3-dimentional rendering of the territorial boundary of City of San Fernando (P.) in relation to the Pampanga River Basin (PRB), the Central Luzon floodplain, and the national metropolis. San Fernando City’s topographic features, as described herein, are within the context integrated river basin and water resources management system.

The city is located in the Central Luzon floodplain bounded in the east- northeast by Sierra Madre and Caraballo mountain ranges, and in the west by the Zambales mountain range. Between these massive mountain ranges is a great plain that extends from Lingayen gulf to the Manila bay. Bay to gulf, the distance is approximately 150 kilometers.

Central Luzon floodplain is divided into two major river basins: the Agno river basin (ARB) in the North and the Pampanga river basin (PRB) in the South. These river basins are separated by a diagonal line from Mt. Pinatubo in the south- southwestern ridge to the Pantabangan reservoir in the north- northeastern ridge. The watershed boundary is distinct at the mountain ridges but is less prominent in the floodplain due to nearly flat elevation gradients. During the great Luzon flood of 1972, Lingayen gulf and the Manila bay were united by floodwaters.

CSFP is located in the lower reaches of PRB with elevation ranging from below one (1) meter to more than 70 meters above mean sea level along the north- south axis. The poblacion and the rest of the areas at the southern flank of Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA), formerly called Gapan-San Fernando-Olongapo (GSO) road, are low-lying, thus, prone to flooding. In rainy season, flooding in the poblacion is a major concern since San Fernando river passes through it. A gentle streamflow upstream on the slopes of Mt. Pinatubo in Porac and Angeles City could easily become a rampaging floodwater downstream in poblacion depending on the intensity and magnitude of precipitation. The tail/ring dike component of the mega dike system may be the first and last line of defense of the city from lahar in Pasig- Potrero river. It may have prevented lahar form engulfing the city but it worsened flooding since the dike prevented San Fernando river from discharging water

Land Use and Physical Features 2-1

directly to Pasig-Potrero mainstream. A floodgate may not be possible since the Pasig-Potrero riverbed is already higher than the natural grade of the poblacion.

Figure 2-1. Central Luzon, Pampanga River Basin, and CSFP Boundaries Rendered on a 3-dimentional Digital Elevation Model (DEM) An integrated system of rechanneling, river training, and floodwater pumping measures are currently in place to address flooding in the city. Such measures, however, were effective at low to moderate flood conditions but limiting during high floods.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 2-2 The city’s new and the region’s emerging regional central business district (CBD), as well as the rest of CSFP’s territory located at the northern flank of JASA are generally at higher elevations but not necessarily free from localized flooding. Limited quantities of urban drainage systems is a given but flooding in these areas is a function of land use and urban management. Surface run-off exceeded the capacity of existing drainage systems as the natural land cover is continually altered by the establishment of settlements, commercial & industrial estates, and access roads to meet the demands of growing population and expanding economy. The matter may further worsen if creeks and other natural drainage channels are deliberately erected with structures. Disposal of solid wastes into these drainage outlets not only decreases capacity but also reduces flow velocity.

Until a significant progress in restoring the vegetation cover that retards run- off upstream is achieved, flooding in CSFP and the rest of localities in the PRB floodplain will persist. In Pampanga delta where the mainstream of Pampanga river drains, the continued densification of settlements and expansion of fishpond operations causes water velocity to decelerate and backflow towards midstream impacting CSFP. The situation evolves from manageable to difficult when coupled by sea level rise, land subsidence, tidal water, storm surge, and other impacts of climate change.

All these are outside the territorial jurisdiction of CSFP. But as a stakeholder of PRB, it should not stop from initiating policy measures to manage water flow both at upstream and downstream of CSFP. It must act locally by addressing land use and urban management issues discussed above. The policy initiatives and local interventions will be expounded in the land use framework section and provided with implementing public investment program in the sectoral development plan.

2.2 HIERARCHY OF URBAN CENTERS

As indicated in the NEDA planning manual, regional centers are town or cities with population ranging from 400 thousand to one (1) million while large towns or major urban centers have population ranging from 100 – 400 thousand. Small to medium towns with population ranging from less than 50 thousand to 100 thousand act as the service hinterlands of urban centers in the upper tier. Shown in Figure 2- 1 is a bar chart categorizing all cities and municipalities in Central Luzon according to size using the 2010 census on population as the key variable.

Land Use and Physical Features 2-3

Figure 2-2. Categories of town and cities in Central Luzon based 2010 population Based on population alone without taking into consideration the level of economic development and functional urban linkages, San Jose Del Monte City (SJDM) in Bulacan is the only local government unit (LGU) in Central Luzon that can be considered a regional center with its population of about 450 thousand in 2010. CSFP ranked 4th in terms of population level region-wide and emerged 3rd in the large town category of 33 towns and cities with its population count of 285,912 in 2010. However, CSFP is part of an emerging urban agglomeration within a radius of 20 kilometers whose population appear to center in Angeles City as computed using GIS. Now popularly known as Metropolitan Clark, the aggregate population of this urban cluster in 2010 exceeded one million. Metro Clark not only satisfied the population threshold of a regional center but it also provided a complexity of urban services befitting a metropolitan center such as but not limited to residential planned unit development (PUDs), economic zones and industrial estates, colleges and universities, retail, medical centers, manufacturing, and banking and finance, transportation and aviation, among others. These are considered regional benchmarks. The rest of the 96 of 130 localities under the small to medium town categories function as the service hinterland of Metro Clark and CSFP.

Shown in Figure 2-2 is the inferred or proposed hierarchy of urban centers in Central Luzon using the 2010 population census. In addition to population, there are other variables considered in formulating the urban hierarchy to include the functional linkages between and among centers, urban clustering, and politico-

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 2-4 administrative designation (e.g. municipal, city, and provincial capitals; regional administrative centers). The 3-tiered hierarchy consists of a regional center situated in CSFP, 16 major urban centers, and several service hinterlands.

Source: NEDA3

Figure 2-3. Proposed hierarchy of urban centers in Central IbaLuzon, Baler, and Palayan City may be under the small town category. However, owing to their designations as provincial capitals of Zambales, Aurora, and Nueva Ecija, respectively, these areas are considered major urban centers. They provide political leaderships and frequently offer higher level urban service within the province, although not as complex as those delivered by the more economically advanced cities like San Fernando City.

When the boundaries of two or more urban centers become less discernible as a result of heavy built-up, the area is starting to agglomerate into a metropolitan area as in the case of Metro Clark. It consists of the cities of Mabalacat, Angeles, and San Fernando in the urban core and the surrounding municipalities of Pampanga, including Bamban and Concepcion, Tarlac in the fringes. The aggregate population of the urban core is more than 800 thousand while the entire metro is beyond one million. Metro Clark is functionally linked to the rest of Central Luzon and

Land Use and Physical Features 2-5

northern Luzon regions by SCTEx, NLEx, TPLEx, JASA, and MacArthur Highway (MAH). Some of the crossroads of these high standard highways (HSH) are located in CSFP making it as a regional transportation hub. It is also part of the international air gateway within 20 kilometer radius of Clark International Aviation Complex. CSFP must situate its land use framework and development plans within the context of metropolitan planning and development.

2.3 SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF METRO CLARK

Shown in Figure 2-3 are the progressions of land cover in Metro Clark from 1977 to 2014 indicating the spatial and functional agglomeration between the cities of Mabalacat, Angeles, and San Fernando City as contained from a study conducted by NEDA Region III (2015).

Source: NEDA 3, 2015

Figure 2-4. Evolution of Metro Clark from 1977-2014

In 1977, only the built-up in Angeles City and Clark Airfield in Mabalacat were remarkably visible. Patches of settlements were all over the place adjacent to roads and other transportation linkages. Through the years, however, these settlements expanded in all directions. By 2007, the built-up areas of San Fernando City dramatically expanded from the poblacion to the peri-urban areas, with a visible connection to Angeles City. Said conurbation became more apparent by 2014 as

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 2-6 the built-up areas of the core cities became fully connected. Several other surrounding built-up in Mexico, Magalang, Porac, and Bacolor also started to emerge. From a conceptual grouping, Metro Clark is now a full-fledged metropolitan center with a distinct urban core and identifiable service hinterland.

2.4 LAND USE/ LAND COVER CHANGES (LULCC) IN CSFP

In Figure 2-4 are maps showing the changes in land use and land cover in CSFP from 1977 to 2014, the datasets of which were acquired from a GIS-based LULCC study conducted by NEDA Region 3 (2015). In 1977, the poblacion was the only distinctly discernible built-up area. Thirty years later (2007), built-up was all over the city. By 2014, CSFP was predominantly built-up with few patches of agricultural lands remaining – a complete turnaround from 1977 land cover conditions.

Figure 2-5.Land Use/ Land Cover Changes (LULCC) in CSFP From 1977-2014 CSFP is a rapidly expanding city in terms of population and settlement expansion (Figure 2-5). From 406 hectares in 1977, its built-up expanded to 4,221 hectares in 2014. Over the same period, population grew from 103,372 to 316,443. These figures revealed that over a period of 37 years (1977 to 2014), built-up areas expanded ten (10) times while population only multiplied 3.06 folds. Built-up expansion outpaced population growth 3.4 : 1.

Land Use and Physical Features 2-7

Source: Study team

Figure 2-6. Land Use Accounting and Urban Land Demand Projection for CSFP at Doubling of Population

By computing the ratio between total population and built-up area, the resulting urban densities were 255 persons per hectare, 93 persons per hectare and 75 persons per hectare in 1977, 2007, and 2014, respectively. Should the 2014 projected population of 316,443 doubles in 27 years come 2041, the built-up of CSFP will expand to 6,836 hectares using the middle density range of 93 persons per hectare. The projected demand of 2,614 hectares for new areas will supplied through the conversion of agricultural lands, prime and marginal. Densification and infilling may have to be encouraged to increase the 2014 existing built-up density of 75 persons per hectare to 93 persons per hectare.

Declining urban density for CSFP may be an indication of urban sprawl. It is the result of investments in residential, commercial, and industrial real estate properties which have yet to be filled-out. In Figure 2-6 is a Google Earth satellite image in CSFP showing a PUD with few dwelling structures erected. The area then

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 2-8 must be predominantly planted with sugarcane but also cropped with annuals and other cash crops.

Idle agricultural lands and unbuilt PUDs contribute in precluding our food security efforts because of forgone land productivity. While the highest and best use of raw lands in CSFP may no longer be in agriculture, PUD development and other forms of settlement expansion must be regulated on the premise that urbanization does not happen overnight. CSFP may address land banking and speculation by implementing the Local Government Code of 1991 provision of imposing five (5) percent real property tax on idle lands.

Source: Study team

Figure 2-7. A Google Earth Satellite Image Showing a Planned Unit Development (PUD) With Very Few Dwelling Structures Vis-à-Vis

the 2014 Land Cover Map of CSFP

Land Use and Physical Features 2-9

Chapter 3

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015

Social Development

Improving the quality of life involves provision of adequate and quality social services and assets. The social development sector in the City of San Fernando can be determined with improved access to and quality of service delivery in health, education, housing, and social welfare.

Services toward uplifting the human development of Fernandinos can be gleaned from the budget share of the sector from the city’s local development fund. In 2015, the budget for the social sector is at P17.45M. Other priorities include environmental management and economic development. For 2016, 15.42 percent is allotted for social services which amount to P18million, covering construction and rehabilitation of health centers and birthing stations and purchase of medical equipment.

3.1 HEALTH

Health programs are manifestation of the government’s concern for the poor by making primary health care effectively reach the indigents through the various services of the Department of Health (DOH), Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC), and the local government units (LGUs).

3.1.1 Health services and facilities

As of 2015, the City of San Fernando has eight (8) hospitals (6 private and 2 public), five (5) rural health units, which are open 24 hours a day; and five (5) birthing stations (Table 3-1). The regional hospital, the Jose B. Lingad Memorial and Regional Hospital (JBLMRH) is located in the City providing health care services to both Fernandinos and patients from the whole Central Luzon. The JBLMRH increased its authorized bed capacity from 250 in 2012 to 500 in 2014.

Social Development 3-1

Table 3-1: CSFP List of Licensed Government and Private Hospitals, and Other Health Facilities (as of November 2015) Government Hospitals Private Hospitals Rural Health Units Birthing Stations (RHUs) 1. Jose B. Lingad 1. Mother Theresa 1. RHU I – Sto. 1. BS No. 1 – Memorial of Calcutta Rosario Sindalan Regional Medical Center 2. RHU II – 2. BS No. 2 – Hospital 2. Our Lady of Mt. Sindalan Northville 2. Ricardo P. Carmel Medical 3. RHU III – San 3. BS No. 3 – San Rodriguez Center Nicolas Jose Memorial 3. V.L. Makabali 4. RHU IV – San 4. BS No. 4 – San Hospital (Bulaon Memorial Agustin Nicolas District Hospital) Hospital 5. RHU V – 5. BS No. 5 – San 4. San Fernandino Northville Agustin Hospital 5. Pampanga EENT 6. Manabat Maternity Clinic Source: City Health Office, 2015

3.1.2 Health Insurance

All LGU-operated health facilities are PhilHealth accredited and are offering no balance billing/ zero balance scheme. The no balance billing policy provides no other fees or expenses shall be charged or be paid for by indigent patients above and beyond the packaged rates.

Table 3-2: CSFP Total PhilHealth Beneficiaries Year No. of Beneficiaries 2013 20,803 2014 19,985 2015 29,986

In the City of San Fernando, the number of PhilHealth beneficiaries declined from 2013 to 2014, and increased again by 10,000 members (as of July 2015). The Sponsored (Indigent) Program includes members whose contributions are being paid

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-2

for by another individual, government agencies, or private entities and valid only for one year, that is why the sustainability of membership is not ensured.

The City of San Fernando also provides health care to all senior citizens by accommodating them under the National Health Insurance Program. Once a citizen of the city reached 60 years old, he will automatically be a PhilHealth member. As of 2015, there are 24,000 registered senior citizens in the City.

3.1.3 Health indicators

Based on the 2012 Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS) of the Department of Health (DOH), the infant mortality rate (IMR) is 4.46%. In 2014, the City Health Office recorded a lower IMR of 1.78%.

On maternal mortality rate (MMR), the city’s rate is below 1%. In 2012, MMR is at 0.08 percent, then slightly increased to 0.56 percent in 2013, then declined to 0.40 percent in 2014. Incidence of maternal deaths is low because of the availability and accessibility of maternal health care services such as pre natal and post partum services as found in the number of availment in Table 3-3:

Table 3-3: CSFP Maternal Health Care Services Maternal Care July 2012 to July 2012 to July 2012 to Service June 2013 June 2013 June 2013 Pre-Natal 4,022 3,246 4,461 Post-Partum 4,970 3,990 5,285 Safe Deliveries 50 168 895

The low MMR may also be attributed to high percentage of births delivered in health facilities. Based on the 2012 FHSIS of the Department of Health, the number of births delivered in a health facility in the city is at 77 percent, higher than the regional figure of 70 percent. In terms of delivery attendance, the number of births assisted by skilled health professionals (doctors, nurses, midwives) is at 89 percent.

On immunization, vaccines for measles and polio is being given free for children below five years old in all the forty four (44) health centers located in the city’s 35 barangays. The city’s data for children below 1 year old given measles vaccine are higher than the neighboring city—Angeles City, but lower than the province’s, region’s, as well as the national figure. This is also true for the percentage

Social Development 3-3

of fully immunized children, except that the city’s figure is higher than the regional average.

Table 3-4: Fully Immunized Children (FIC) and Children (<1yr. old) given Measles Vaccine, 2012

Fully Immunized Location Measles Vaccine (%) Children (%)

Philippines 74.93 79.97 NCR 81.94

86.69 Region 3 69.58 76.87 Pampanga 76.86

79.56 City of San 71.79 Fernando 74.11 Angeles City 56.05 69.91

Source: 2012 Annual Report, DOH

In 2012-2014, data from the survey conducted by CSFP revealed that almost half of the households (45.4%) experienced sickness. The common causes are fever and colds (28.3%), lung-related diseases (pneumonia or tuberculosis), mosquito- caused diseases (dengue or malaria), stomach or digestive diseases (cholera or dysentery), skin diseases, and measles. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS and other diseases run from less than 1% (HIV/AIDS) to 1.8%. Incidences across barangays vary accordingly (Annex 3-1).

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-4

Others 1.8%

HIV/Aids 0%

Measles 0.1%

Skin Disease 0.3%

Cholera/ Dysentery 1.0%

Dengue/Mallaria 0.4%

TB/Pneumonia 1.3%

Fever and Colds 28.3%

Experienced Sickness 45.4%

Figure 3-1: Incidence and Cause of Sickness, 2013

On the the top 10 leading causes of morbidity for 2014, the city recorded the following ranking: (1) Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection of Multiple and Unspecified Sites; (2) Acute Febrile Illness; (3) Certain early complications of trauma, not elsewhere classified; (4) Essential (primary) Hypertension; (5) Acute tonsilitis; (6) Cutaneous abscess, furuncle and carbuncle; (7) Volume depletion (dehydration); (8) Disorders of the urinary system; (9) Asthma; (10) Disorders of teeth and supporting structures.

Others (Iba pa) 0.7%

Crime (Krimen) 1.0%

Child Birth (Panganganak) 2.8%

Accident (Aksidente) 5.0%

Serious Ailment (Malubhang Sakit) 47.8%

Old Age (Katandaan) 42.7% Experienced Occurrence of Death (Last 3 8.6% Years)

Figure 3-2: Incidence and Cause of Death, 2013

In terms of death, less than 10 percent of the households reported to have experienced death in the family or household. Two major causes of death are

Social Development 3-5

serious ailments (47.8%) and old age (42.7%). Other reasons include accident (5.0%), child birth (2.8%), crime (1.0%) and others (0.7%). Across barangays, the highest incidence of death due to accidents is reported in Calulut, Del Carmen, Dela Paz Sur and Juliana. Dolores and Malpitic had the highest incidence of death due to child birth. Del Rosario and Sta. Lucia posted highest in crime as cause of death of household member. In a yet to be released report by Central Luzon Health Research Development Consortium-DOST III, the incidence of lung-related (particularly, tuberculosis) diseases and death is related to low economic condition/poverty. The underprivileged contract tuberculosis at a much higher rate and may even die from it based on the less than 200 systematic sample of TB patients/carriers from Pampanga included in the regional study.

The Department of Health’s causes of mortality has a different list, namely: (1) Acute myocardial infraction; (2) Pneumonia; (3) Chronic renal failure; (4) Intracerbral hemorrhage; (5) Chronic Ischemic heart disease; (6) Septicemia; (7) Cerebral infraction; (8) Heart failure; (9) Transport/Vehicular accident; (10) Malignant neoplasm of the breast.

3.1.4 Access to Safe Water Supply

In terms of source of drinkng water, 40.4 percent of households in the City of San Fernando buy purified water, followed by own-use community water system at 26.5 percent. Other sources of drinking water are shared community water system (5.8%), deep well--motor driven(2%), deep well--manual pump/own use(11%), deep well--manual pump/shared(2.9%), artesian well--own use(0.6%), and artesian well— shared(0.6%).

Artesian Well (Shared) 0.6%

Artesian Well (Own Use) 0.6%

Deep Well (Manual Pump/Shared) 2.9%

Deep Well (Manual Pump/Own Use) 11.7%

Deep Well (Motor Driven/Own Use) 2.0%

Community Water System (Shared) 5.8%

Community Water System (Own Use) 26.5%

Bought (Purified Water) 40.4%

Figure 3-3: Source of Drinking Water, 2013

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-6

3.1.5 Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility

The CSFP’s access to sanitary toilet facilities is shown in Figure 3-4. Most households have their own use of “de buhos” toilet bowl at 55.8 percent, followed by toilet with flush bowl at 29.4 perent. Less than 15 perent of households have shared toilet bowls or use other means of human waste disposal such as open pits and open lots. The city’s access to sanitary toilet facilities can indicate economic condition of households. Those in low income groups have less secure means of disposal both in terms of facilities and availability of water sources. A program to effect provision of facilities and ample water sources in depressed areas is essential.

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Lara

Baliti

Malino

Alasas

Calulut Bulaon Saguin

Juliana

Malpitic

Dolores

Lourdes

Maimpis

Del Pilar Del

Sindalan

Sto. Niño Sto.

Northville

San Jose San

Panipuan Juan San

Pandaras

Magliman

Sta. Lucia Sta.

San Isidro San

San Pedro San

San Felipe San

Quebiawan

Del Rosario Del

Del Carmen Del Nicolas San

San Agustin San Pulung Bulu Pulung

Sto. Rosario Sto.

Sta. Teresita Sta.

Dela Paz Sur Paz Dela Telabastagan Dela Paz Norte Paz Dela Others

“De Buhos” Toilet Bowl (Own Use) (%)

Flush/Toilet Bowl (Own Use (%)

Figure 3-4: Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, Per Barangay, 2013

3.1.6 Family Planning Practices

Poor families are affected by the lack of access to family planning (FP) commodities and proper education. Family planning/responsible parenthood allows couples to decide on their desired family size

Social Development 3-7

Rhythm Pills IUD/Ligation 4% 7% 2% Withdrawal 5% Did not Condom Disclose 2% 38% Other Method 1%

None 41%

Figure 3-5: Family Planning Practice, 2013

As shown in Figure 3-5, data from survey revealed that there were a high proportion of households (38%) who did not disclose their FP practices. Among those interviewed and admitted practicing FP, a large percentage (41.2%) admitted not using or practicing any birth control or any family planning method. Among the FP users, pills is the most common at 6.4%. Other methods are withdrawal (5.3%), rhythm (4.1%), use of condom (2.1%), ligation/pagtatali (2.0%) and other methods (1.4%). It can be gathered from the survey that there is minimal use of contraceptives, both natural and artificial/modern method in the city. The survey showed that FP practices are quite the same across barangays except for San Felipe which recorded the highest usage (more than 10%) of different family planning methods. (Annex 3-2)

As women’s levels of education increase, the use of contraception generally increases (NDHS 2003). Women with higher educational attainment usually prefer smaller families (Laguna et al 2000). Analysis strongly suggests that education increases awareness of alternative methods of FP and greater willingness to adopt new technologies that contribute to increased use of contraceptives (Cabegin 2003).

3.2 EDUCATION

Improving access to quality education is an important strategy towards improving overall quality of life. The region’s vision in education is for every Filipino to have access to complete quality basic education that is provided by educators who

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-8

value efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and good governance. The City of San Fernando values education as shown in its provision of various programs to its citizens.

3.2.1 School Age Population and Literacy Rate The percentage of population at school age (5-16 years old) in the city is at 23 percent. School-age population is highest in Barangay Sto. Rosario (29.3%), followed by Northville (27.6%), Barangay Panipuan (26.4%), and Barangay San Pedro (26.3%), while it is lowest at Barangay Maimpis (18.3%), Sta. Teresita (19.3%) and Dela Paz Norte (19.5%) (Annex 3-3).

The CSFP’s simple or basic literacy rate, (or the percentage of 15-60 year old population who can both read and write with understanding of simple message in any language or dialect) is high at 99.5 percent. As can be gleaned in Figure 3-6, there is no significant difference in the simple literacy rates across barangays.

100.5

100

99.5

99

98.5

98

97.5

Figure 3-6: Simple Literacy Rate, 2013

The basic (simple) literacy rate of the city is a little higher compared to the regional data of 98.2%. The Central Luzon’s data is based on the 2013 Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS), and on population 10 years old and above.

Social Development 3-9

3.2.2 Elementary Education

Most of the performance indicators for efficiency showed good performance for the school year (SY) 2011-12 to SY 2014-15, and are higher than the regional average. This proves that there is high priority being given to the education sector in the City of San Fernando.

Gross and net enrolment rate

Net enrolment rate (NER), also known as participation rate is defined as the proportion of enrolment in the school age range to the total population of that age range. The NER of the City of San Fernando showed an erratic trend: decreasing by 1.57 points from SY 2011-12 to SY 2012-13, increasing by 3.47 points in SY 2013-14, then declining again by 1.77 points in 2014-15.

On the other hand, Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) defined as the proportion of enrolment to the total population, posted the highest rate during SY 2013-14 at 93 percent. The GER of the City of San Fernando is higher than its net enrolment rate. A higher GER implies that those who have dropped out in the earlier school years managed to return to school for enrolment. But as other relevant performance indicators show, primarily Cohort Survival, not all enrolees complete the required number of years, or sustain being in school.

Drop Out rate

The City of San Fernando revealed an improved drop-out rate over the years, as shown by the declining trend for the SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-14. In SY 2011-12, the rate of the city (0.98%) is very low compared to the region’s rate which exceeds almost four folds (4.07%).

Cohort survival rate

The cohort survival rate (CSR) is defined as proportion of enrolees at the beginning grade that is able to reach the final grade at the end of the required number of years. Except for SY 2014-15, the CSR revealed an increasing trend during SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-14. Compared to the regional average of 82.38%, the City’s CSR fared far better at a rate of 87.36%.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-10

Completion rate

The completion rate is the percentage of Grade 1 entrants in a cycle of education surviving until the end of the cycle. Although the data for this indicator revealed an erratic trend, the City’s completion rate is still high compared to the regional average. For SY 2011- 12, the City of San Fernando has a very high rate of 86.93 percent, compared to the regional figure of only 80.26 percent.

Promotion rate

The promotion rate, also called as transition rate refers to the percentage of students completing one level of education and moving on to the next higher level. The figures for this indicator showed an increasing trend over the years. From SY 2011-12, completion rate increased by 0.67 points in SY 2012-13, followed by an improvement of 2.14 points in SY 2013-14.

100 96.36 93.07 90.18 89.21 90.71 88.96 94.22 90 89.13 86.93 88.35 93.55 80.49 85.92 87.36 85.54 80 78.59 84.56 78.72 70 77.02 60 50 40 2011-2012 30 2012-2013 20 2013-2014 10 1.591.1 0.58 0 2014-2015

Figure 3-7: Performance Indicators, Elementary Level

3.2.3 Secondary Education

Improvement in the performance indicators for secondary education can also be observed in Figure 3-8.

Social Development 3-11

Gross and net enrolment rate

The CSFP’s GER increased annually from SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-2014 by an average of 1.49 points. In SY 2014-15, the rate slightly declined by 0.95 points. This denotes that pupils from different school age have been finding their way through the required years in high school. With the enactment of the K-12 Basic Education, the primary/elementary education secondary level will be lengthened from the current four-year duration to six years. This initiative is based on the foreseen need for Filipinos to be equipped with improved competencies to match the efforts of its neighboring countries and to respond to the domestic and international demand for higher levels of competencies. Although participation rate (net enrolment rate) continues to have an upward trend for the SY 2011-12 to SY 2014-15, the figure is still low at an average of 56.27% for the said period.

Drop Out rate

Although the CSFP’s secondary education drop-out rate for SY 2011-12 is higher than the elementary level, it is still lower than the regional figure of 7.02%. Towards SY 2013-2014, the city had a considerable improvement in drop-out rate, bringing down the figure by 3.13 percentage points. This trend also shows significant progress on other performance indicators such as completion rate, promotion rate, as well as cohort survival rate.

Cohort survival rate

For SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-14, the cohort survival rate had an increasing trend, with an average growth of 4.57 percentage points. But in SY 2014-15, it declined drastically by 10.41 percentage points. This may be attributed to higher drop-out rate and/or repetition rate, but the city’s data for this school year is not available.

Completion rate

Similarly, the completion rate has the same trend as the cohort survival rate: improving for the three consecutive school years (SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-14), then decreasing considerably by 8.44 percentage points for the SY 2014-15.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-12

Promotion rate

For secondary level, the promotion rate significantly improved over the SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-14, increasing by 2.98 percentage points on the first year, and 1.65 points on the next period. Data for the next school year was not yet available.

100 89.85 91.52 93.17 85.43 90 79.08 82 79.44 88.54 78.13 78.25 76.99 80 77.26 80.71 76.11 77.24 70 61.77 55.52 60 54.72 50 53.08 40 2011-2012 30 2012-2013 20 2013-2014 3.99 10 2.58 0.86 2014-2015 0

Figure 3-8: Performance Indicators, Secondary Level

3.2.4 National Achievement Test (Elementary and Secondary Level)

The national achievement test (NAT), which is being conducted towards the end of the school year, aims to assess the level of knowledge of students and further propose concrete actions and recommendations to improve the quality of education in government elementary schools.

For public elementary level, Figure 3-9 shows that the city fared well in Filipino compared to other subjects. Most subjects (Filipino, Math, Science and English) showed improvement in the SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-14, except for HEKASI. In the latest data (SY 2014-2015), the city’s mean percentage score (MPS) is low at only 58.78 percent.

For secondary education, results revealed an improvement for most subjects (Filipino, Math, English and Science) except for HEKASI and Critical Thinking for three school years (SY 2011-12 to SY 2013-14). This trend is similar with that of the

Social Development 3-13

elementary education level. By SY 2014-2015, score results in all subjects dropped considerably, as illustrated in Figure 3-10.

80 70.61 67.53 70 64.02 62.25 62.11 59.94 59.661.11 59.04 57.38 57.27 58.59 60 56.14 56.46 56.63 55.99 55.74 52.5 52.65 52.16

50 2011-2012 2012-2013 40 2013-2014 30 2014-2015

20

10

0 Filipino Math English Science HEKASI

Figure 3-9: National Achievement Test (Academic Performance), Public Elementary Level

70 65.53 60.25 61.21 59.17 59.68 56.47 59.92 56.47 60 54.92 53.13 51.99 53.62 50.12 50.36 49.34 48.91 49.39 48.01 50 43.82 41.25 39.06 39.62 2011-2012 40 34.5 34.39 2012-2013 30 2013-2014 2014-2015 20

10

0 Filipino Mathematics English Science Aralin Critical Panlipunan Thinking

Figure 3-10: National Achievement Test (Academic Performance), Public 3.2.5 Education Programs Secondary SY 2011-12 to 2014-15

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-14

Since 2013, the CSFP has supported more than three thousand (3,000) poor but deserving college students through the Educational Scholarship Assistance Program (ESAP). In 2015, the program supports 1,857 Fernandino students. The city government believes that the future lies on how educated the children are.

Table 3-5: Educational Scholarship Assistance Program Scholars and Amount Granted School Year No. of Scholars Amount (PhP) Sy 2014-2015 3,304 30,441,925 SY 2015-2016 3,918 46,464,900 Source: www.csfp.gov.ph

On the Alternative Learning System (ALS) Program, ninety five (95) students benefited in 2015. The ALS has two major programs namely, Basic Literacy Program and the Continuing Education Program—Accreditation and Equivalency. Other ten program components are the following: Basic Literacy Program, Accreditation and Equivalency Program, Indigenous Peoples Education, Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education in ALS, ALS for Differently Abled Persons, Adolescent Reproductive Health, Parent Education, Family Basic Literacy Program, Radio-Based Instruction, and the Informal Education for Disadvantaged Children. The setting is only the difference between formal education and ALS. Formal education is provided inside the classroom and headed by trained formal school teachers. While the ALS non-formal education is being conducted outside school premises such as the community learning centers, libraries, multi-purpose halls and being managed by ALS facilitators. The city government of San Fernando is fully supporting the ALS education which increases access to free basic education.

Another notable program in the City of San Fernando is the Lingap Eskwela Program, which benefitted more than 1,000 high school students from public schools in 2015. The educational assistance program covers Fernandino students who have shown excellence in their studies and are deserving of government assistance in pursuing college education. The city government prioritized education and stressed the importance of scholarship programs for the youth for a brighter future. The project targets to provide scholarship to up to 3,500 deserving students.

Social Development 3-15

3.2.5 Technical Vocational Education

On technical vocational education, the CSFP’s enrolment declined from 2,722 in 2010 to 682 in 2012, and increased to 6,907 in 2014.

Table 3-6: No. of Persons Enrolled and Graduates in Technical Vocational Courses City of San Fernando, Pampanga: Year 2010-2014

Year Enrolled Graduates 2010 2722 2757 2011 2148 1751 2012 682 1448 2013 3610 3653 2014 6907 6618 Source: TESDA Region III MIS0302 2010-2014

Based on the TESDA III Accomplishment Report 2013-2015, total scholarship granted in the city is at an increasing trend, as follows: 3,607 in 2014, 4,901 in 2014, and 4,644 in 2015.

3.3 SOCIAL WELFARE Programs on social welfare prioritize the needs of the most vulnerable sector of the society such as the children, women, and youth.

3.3.1 Children The City of San Fernando aims for universal and quality Early Childhoood Care and Development (ECCD) services. To deliver quality ECCD programs, the city government continue to support the accreditation of day care centers and workers by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). Out of the 49 existing day care centers operated by the LGU, a total of 25 day care centers (DCCs) are accredited as of 2014. In 2015, the number increased to 59 DCCs. With this, the city was able to comply with DSWD standards of having at least fifty percent accredited centers. The target is to fully accredit all these centers in order to ensure that the educational needs and social welfare of toddlers are met.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-16

3.3.2 Poverty Based on the Listahanan (Talaan ng Pamilyang Nangangailangan) of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), there were 3,544 (or 6.4%) identified poor households in the City of San Fernando in 2009. The city is among the top 6 with the highest magnitude of poor in the region. The city of Angeles listed to have the highest number of poor households (8.56%), followed by Candaba (8.26%) and Lubao (7.58%).

The average household size among identified poor households is six (6) members. Among the identified 20,860 poor individuals in the City, the composition based on basic sector is as follows: 11,492 (or 55.09%) were identified as children (ages below 18 years), 10,099 (or 48.41%) are women, 58 (0.28%) are farmers, forestry and fisherfolks, 5,241 (25.12%) are youth (age 15 to 30 years old), and 506 (or 2.44%) are senior citizens.

3.4 HOUSING

3.4.1 Informal settlements

The proliferation of informal settlements in the city is a challenge that needs to be addressed. Considering the crucial role of the local government units (LGUs) in identifying solutions regarding shelter planning, the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) issued a memorandum circular to all provincial governors, city and municipal mayors and punong barangays in February 2011 for the prevention and control of the influx of squatters in the country particularly in the urban areas. Compliance to this directive is being monitored by the DILG regional directors and field officials.

The City of San Fernando recorded a twenty percent (20%) decline in the number of informal settlers from 2008 to 2009 and 2010. By 2011 to 2014, the trend continues to increase, as shown in Figure 3-10.

Social Development 3-17

10000 8,987 9000 8,624 8000 8,854 6,924 7000 7,869 6000 6,924 6,773 5000 Informal settlers 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Figure 3-11: CSFP Informal Settlers 2008-2014

The influx of informal settlers in the city may result in the increase in demand for socio-economic services. At the provincial level, data shows that there were an estimated 2,300 families of informal settlers on both sides of the Abacan River in Angeles City, while not a few also squat on the banks of waterways in City of San Fernando. The lack of exact data/figures on the number of informal settlers due to lack of inventory in these areas is also another challenge.

As stated in the Central Luzon Development Plan Midterm Update 2011- 2016, beyond the government providing housing and the support services, new approaches are needed in the face of continuing rural-urban migration that is bound to exacerbate the housing problem. The affordability of and accessibility to government housing programs by the poor will also continue to pose a major challenge in the near future.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 3-18

Chapter 4

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015

Economic Development

4.1 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE The City of San Fernando has taken the lead role in the region in providing a strategic location and safe environment for business institutions to operate. It is noted that most of major corporations and organizations in the country has chosen CSFP to establish their regional or provincial branches.

The presence of large enterprises contributes in stirring up CSFP’s overall economic growth. Considered as an agro-industrial-commercial metropolis in the province, it accommodates three shopping malls, 82 banking institutions, four bottling companies, and several manufacturing companies. This is a result of huge enhancements in the provision of privileges and opportunities for investors in terms of tax flexibility and land use regulations that entice to start up their business in the city.

4.2 LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT The City of San Fernando recorded a 63.4 percent labor force participation rate in 2013. Of the 15 years old and above populace, 86.9 percent are employed leaving a 13.1 percent unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is dominantly attributed to those whose contract with their current employer has already ended.

Figure 4-1 shows the percentage distribution of employed persons in CSFP. Most of the employed workforce is engaged in trade with 17.7 percent, followed by manufacturing with 14.7 percent, and 7 percent connected in agriculture.

Economic Development 4-1

Figure 4-1. Percentage Distribution of Employed Labor Force according to Job-Industry Classification

Forestry, 0.6 Fishing , 1.5 Others, 18.0 Trade, 17.7

Mining, Quarrying, 2.4 Financing, Insurance, Real Estate, 4.3 Manufacturing, 14.7 Education, 5.8

Elec., Gas, Water, 6.8

Private Household, 7.0 Construction, 12.6 Transport, Agriculture, 7.0 Storage and Community Communication, Social and Postal 12.9 Service, 9.7

The flourishing economic activities and the increasing number of business establishments, created more job opportunities for the community. Figure 4-2 shows the total number of jobs generated by registered businesses from 2011-2014 wherein there are 35,602 individuals currently employed by new and existing businesses that applied or procured business permit in 2014. An increasing pattern on the growth rate of jobs since 2011 is presented in Figure 4-3.

Figure 4-3. Employment Figure 4-2. Employment Generation of Registered Growth Rate of Registered Businesses, 2011-2014

6.20% 6.00%

Renewal 5.80% 30,429 Registration 24,508 26,943 28,190 5.60% New 4,181 3,410 4,002 5,173 Registration Source: NCC 2011 2012 2013 2014

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 4-2

4.3. INCOME AND POVERTY CSFP’s per capita monthly income is recorded at Php3,101.47 vis-à-vis its per capita monthly expenditure of Php2,516.77. The barangays that exhibited higher monthly income are Sto. Rosario (Php7,833.56), Sindalan (Php5,080.62), and Del Pilar (Php4,068.27). On the other hand, the lowest per capita monthly income came from the municipalities of San Felipe (Php1,821.07), Pandaras (1,550.79), and Magliman (Php1,130.37).

Table 4-1. Average and Per Capita Monthly Income and Expenditure, 2013 Barangay Average Monthly Average Monthly Per Capita Per Capita Income Expenditure Monthly Income Monthly Expenditure Alasas 14,373.60 11,905.70 2,818.35 2,334.45 Baliti 13,240.20 13,769.48 2,975.33 3,094.27 Bulaon 16,412.24 11,792.88 3,688.14 2,650.09 Calulut 9,943.20 8,768.16 2,171.00 1,914.45 Del Carmen 14,513.54 12,664.10 2,902.71 2,532.82 Del Pilar 17,086.72 12,000.70 4,068.27 2,857.31 Del Rosario 15,411.69 11,104.45 3,502.66 2,523.74 Dela Paz Norte 13,977.38 10,760.20 3,078.72 2,370.09 Dela Paz Sur 11,405.11 10,826.67 2,271.93 2,156.71 Dolores 15,917.47 12,699.81 3,676.09 2,932.98 Juliana 15,251.81 13,452.21 3,170.85 2,796.72 Lara 12,825.54 10,572.41 2,717.28 2,239.92 Lourdes 11,080.22 11,706.56 2,261.27 2,389.09 Magliman 5,821.41 6,859.92 1,130.37 1,332.02 Maimpis 15,931.81 13,472.44 3,493.82 2,954.48 Malino 16,505.33 12,612.13 3,588.12 2,741.77 Malpitic 12,008.21 10,062.05 2,722.95 2,281.64

Economic Development 4-3 Pandaras 8,219.16 8,762.25 1,550.79 1,653.26 Panipuan 11,623.67 10,761.77 2,426.65 2,246.72 Pulungbulo 11,945.30 10,507.20 2,690.38 2,366.49 Quebiawan 14,053.42 16,134.99 3,116.06 3,577.60 Saguin 14,002.35 10,327.63 3,398.63 2,506.71 San Agustin 14,530.02 11,347.25 3,257.85 2,544.23 San Felipe 10,234.40 8,976.03 1,821.07 1,597.16 San Isidro 16,090.70 12,471.97 3,742.02 2,900.46 San Jose 15,428.80 12,215.15 3,744.85 2,964.84 San Juan 9,235.13 10,277.31 1,936.09 2,154.57 San Nicolas 12,048.25 12,171.16 2,525.84 2,551.61 San Pedro 11,509.54 9,560.64 2,475.17 2,056.05 Sindalan 22,303.93 15,126.97 5,080.62 3,445.78 Sta Lucia 14,771.31 13,980.00 3,275.24 3,099.78 Sta Teresita 9,681.12 9,167.31 1,905.73 1,804.59 Sto Nino 10,601.11 10,676.66 2,304.59 2,321.01 Sto Rosario 37,914.42 9,660.65 7,833.56 1,996.00 Telebastagan 17,959.75 13,641.08 3,680.28 2,795.30 CSFP 14,110.22 11,451.31 3,101.147 2,516.77 Source: University of Assumption

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 4-4

Figure 4-4. Location of Large Enterprises and Per Capita Income

Location of Large Enterprises and Per Capita Monthly Income ± 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Kilometers Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Source of data: CPDO Coca-Cola Bottlers Inc. Prepared by: NEDA 3 GIS Team

Pepsi Cola Products % Philippines Inc.

% % Universal Robina Corp. SM Pampanga

% % %

Legend % % Large Enterprises <1,500 1,501-3,000 3,001-4,500 4,501-6,000 >6,001 Robinson’s Starmills

SM Downtown

Economic Development 4-5 4.4 MAJOR INDUSTRIES AND SUPPORT SERVICES

4.4.1 Tourism and Related Services Over the years, the City of San Fernando has evolved itself to become one of the must-see destinations in the province of Pampanga highlighting its role as a tourism service center. Famously known as the Christmas Capital of the Philippines, it has undoubtedly continued to showcase its lantern-making industry brought about the ingenuity and artistry of the Fernandinos.

Considering its strategic location as the gateway to any provinces from all directions, many commuters are taking advantage of the convenience of services provided by the presence of malls such as SM Supermalls, Robinsons Starmills, Puregold, Waltermart, and other retail outlets which along have been creating job opportunities.

The hustle and bustle of the big city such as in Metro Manila may be too much to be considered for most, hence, many are trying to locate up north to spend their holidays to relax and enjoy. CSFP has been providing the essential amenities, such as food and accommodation to lure potential tourists and vacationers.

The challenge in accommodating the increasing tourist arrivals in CSFP is complemented with the growing hotel industries. The spurt of hotels in the area is accounted at around 16 such as Gracelane Hotel, Otel Pampanga, Bliss Hotel, and Victoria Court, among others provides more prospects for tourists to stay longer in the city. Food service business also thrives and continues to progress with almost 200 registered restaurants or fast foods. However, there is a need for CSFP to package itself as a food and cultural destination for visitors coming from and going to the northern portion of the country (i.e. regions CAR, I, and II) in particular those that will be travelling via Clark International Airport.

Since 2010, visitor arrivals in CSFP have significantly increased by 213,711 or 83.4 percent as presented in the figure below (Figure 4-5). On the other hand, the number of tourists who took an overnight stay in the city’s hotel and resort has also improved. The upturn on the hotels and resorts lodging is around 43.94 percent from 2013 to 2014 with more than a 100 percent improvement since 2012.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 4-6

Figure 4-5. Visitor Arrivals Figure 4-6. Number of Tourists with during Annual City Tourism and Overnight Stay in Hotels and/or Cultural Events, 2010-2014 Resorts, 2012-2014

500,000 200,000 400,000 150,000 300,000 100,000 200,000

100,000 50,000

0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014

Source: CTO Gross sales of tourism related establishments (i.e. hotels, resorts, retaurants, travel agencies, pasalubong stores, spa, and recreational facilities) have significantly increased over the years pursuant to the extensive efforts of the CSFP’s tourism office in stimulating the city’s historical, recreational and culinary expertise.

Figure 4-7. Gross Sales of Tourism Related Establishments, 2010-2014

1,000,000 80.00% 70.00% 800,000 60.00%

600,000 50.00% 40.00% 400,000 30.00% 20.00% 200,000 10.00% 0 0.00% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: CTO

a) Tourism Facilities and Services

While being recognized as the business haven in Pampanga, CSFP continues to preserve and promote its heritage and culture through its various historical sites and events, and leisure escapades that attract more visitors. This is augmented with the assurance of a safe and secured, and clean environment

Economic Development 4-7 where they can bring along their whole families and be provided with an array of unforgettable and shareable experiences.

The following tourism sites and festivals are recognized by the Department of Tourism and National Historical Institute as landmarks and historical sites to be visited and experienced in the City of San Fernando:

Giant Lantern Festival. Earning the title of Christmas Capital of the Philippines, CSFP has continued to play its role in bringing the light of Christmas symbol to the Filipinos as celebrated every year through a lantern competition or “Ligligan Parul” as it is much known for. The festival provided more opportunities for San Fernandinos to showcase their craftsmanship and creativity, and to contribute more on the progress of the city’s lantern industry. CSFP has been hailed by DOT as 1st Runner-up (Tourism Pearl Award) for the Best Tourism Event in the Philippines category from 2013 to 2014. This event has recorded an increase on the number of visitors from 392,351 in 2012 to 470,059 in 2014.

Giant Lantern Festival

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 4-8

Metropolitan Cathedral of San Fernando (Our Lady of Sorrows Parish) Metropolitan Cathedral of San Fernando (Our Lady of Sorrows Parish)

Metropolitan Cathedral of San Fernando. The cathedral is located within the heritage district of the city, at A. Consunji Street, Santo Rosario, which is in front of the City Hall. It seats as the Archdiocese of San Fernando. Once you’ve reached the city proper, the Cathedral will surely catch everyone’s attention as it provides a remarkable glimpse of the past though with its structures and its specific location in the area’s complex ambience.

Lazatin Mansion (Heritage houses). Just one of the old houses in CSFP, this property

Lazatin Residences owned by Lazatin Family was declared as heritage house by the National Historical Institute on 27 January 2003. The house structure exemplifies the prevailing architecture during the American colonial period.

PASUDECO Sugar Central. The Pampanga Sugar Development Company (PASUDECO) Sugar Central was built in March, 1921 which served as the central processing company of PASUDECO Sugar Central sugar for the province of Pampanga and its surrounding areas. It helped then in the economic growth of CSFP as it became the sugar capital of the province.

Death March Marker at Death March Marker. Also known as Kilometer 102, the site marks the endpoint the Old Train Station of Death March where in Filipino and American prisoners of war marched all the

Economic Development 4-9 way from Mariveles, Bataan to Pampanga. The marker is located in the old and closed PNR Northrail line station of the Philippine National Railways which is part of its Manila-Dugupan route.

Skyranch Pampanga. It is the first amusement park and the newest attraction in North Luzon. Located besides SM Mall, it provides a perfect getaway for families coming from the north of Luzon and of those from the metropolitan area who wants to cut loose of traffic and public rush

Everybody’s Café and Restaurant. The restaurant is known for its authentic and exotic Kapampangan cuisine that surely substantiates why Kapampangans are popular and takes pride on their way of cooking. Everybody’s Café and Restaurant

4.4.2. Commerce and Industry CSFP has established its role the center of commerce and trade in the province wherein promotion of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is on top of its priorities. A significant increase in the number of enterprises registered since 2010 is clearly shown on table below. The growth is much felt on the medium size establishments with 43.20 percent. Food and beverages, furniture, and apparel are the main products of city and form bulk of its total manufacturing sector. Other small and medium enterprises are associated with lantern making, garments and ceramics industries and form bulk of the manufacturers. Most of these business establishments are located on the outskirts of the urban area. Everybody’s Café and Restaurant

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 4-10

Table 4-2. Number of Registered MSMEs, 2010-2014

9,000

8,000 411 382 322 358 7,000 287 1,534 1,441 1,141 1,191 1,308 6,000

5,000 Medium

4,000 Small 6,454 Micro 3,000 5,919 6,069 5,909 6,034 2,000

1,000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: BPLD

Commerce has much improved with the presence of malls, supermarkets, and retail outlets. Residents and tourists alike can enjoy the convenience brought about by SM Pampanga, SM Downtown and Robinson’s Starmills as well as Waltermart and Puregold, among others.

CSFP’s public market has remained and resisted the competition brought about by larger establishments that started to arise in the city. The number of price- sensitive consumers opting to buy low-cost products has not diminished. This is particularly considered with the rehabilitation of the new public market of Brgy. Del pilar, and the allotment of a special section of the street along the city hall for vendors to provide more options for the Fernandinos.

Economic Development 4-11 4.4.3. Agriculture Agriculture has consequently narrowed as a result of urban expansion and commercial and industrial growth in CSFP. Its total agricultural land diminished wherein productive land for high value commercial crops (HVCC) had a hundred percent decrease within a year. However, its production makes up bulk of the city’s total agricultural output as shown on Table 4-3. Rice production is pegged at more than 5 mt/ha for two consecutive years.

Table 4-3. Total Agricultural Productive Land (hectare), 2013-2014 Specifics 2013 2014

Sugarcane 736.09 736.09 Rice 694.94 926.18 HVCC 255.81 133.47 Corn 38.94 53.95 Fish 60.58 57.1 Source: CAVO

The average production per hectare of HVCC has significantly increased over the course of two years. However, sugarcane alongside rice production minutely decreased. CSFP has been the leading provider of sugar in the region prior to the sugar central’s cessation.

Figure 4-8. Average Production per Hectare (metric tons/hectare), 2013-2014

80 70 60 50 40 2013 30 2014 20 10 0 Sugarcane Rice HVCC Corn Fish

Source: CAVO

Fruit production such as papaya and watermelon and production of other crops like cassava and gabi dominate the increased yield of HVCC in 2014 as presented in Figure 4-9.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 4-12

Figure 4-9. High Value Commercial Crops Production (mt/ha), 2014

35

30

25

20

mt/ha 15

10

5

0

The shift of the City of San Fernando from solely agricultural activities to agri- food processing increases the value and supports the demand for farm outputs primarily on livestock production in the province. The manufacturing plant or facility of Pampanga’s Best, one of the most distinguished food or meat processing industries in the country, is located in Brgy. Dela Paz.

4.4.4. Banking Services Almost all banking institutions in the country have regional headquarters or branch offices in CSFP. Around 80 banking institutions are located here that serves the banking requirements of the business and private community. Further, at least 158 microfinance or lending institutions recorded are providing financial services to the Fernandinos.

Economic Development 4-13 Figure 4-10. Number of Banks and Financial Institutions, 2014

Finance Cooperatives, 5

Banks, 81

MicroFinance Institutions/Lendin g/Insurance Company (Life and Nonlife), 168

Pawnshops/ Money Changer/FOREX/Re mittance Center, 103

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 4-14

Chapter 5

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015

Infrastructure Development

5.1 TRANSPORTATION

Strategically located at the heart of Central Luzon, in addition to being the provincial capital of Pampanga, the City of San Fernando (CSFP) draws a massive amount of inter and intra city traffic. In a recent study on traffic and transport management of the city, it has identified that congestion is a problem in the city (Transport and Traffic Management Plan for San Fernando City, Pampanga, March 2015). With the city’s emerging role in the Metro Clark area and its inherent role as one of the major economic and service center of the region, it must continually ensure accessibility and mobility throughout the city.

5.1.1 Road Network

To date, the extensive road network of the city spans at 302.09 kilometers (km) broken into 245 km of concrete, 2.6 km of gravel roads, 53.5 km of earth roads and 0.7 km of asphalt roads (Table 5-1). The road network of CSFP includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other urban and rural roads. Local roads are regularly maintained by the city government in coordination with the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).

Table 5-1. CSFP Road Inventory as of September 2015 Road Surface Length (in km) % Asphalt 0.7 0.23 Gravel 2.6 0.87 Earth Road 53.5 17.7 Concrete 245.2 81.17 Total 302.1 100 Source: CFSP, City Engineer’s Office

The present road density of the city which is the ratio of the length of the city’s total road network to the city’s land area stands at 4.46 km/sq.km. This density is way beyond the national standard of 1.00 km/sq.km. Among the 35 barangays of the city, barangay Del Pilar has the highest road density at 23.37

Infrastructure Development 5-1

km/square kilometer while barangay Pandaras has the lowest road density at 1.24 km/sq.km (Table 5-2).

Table 5-2. CSFP ROAD INVENTORY per Barangay (As of August 2015) No. Barangay Total Length of Road Land Area Road Density (In km) (In km) (km/km2) 1 Alasas 3.02 1.27 2.37 2 Baliti 5.55 1.98 2.80 3 Bulaon 5.47 1.66 3.29 4 Calulut 15.04 4.75 3.17 5 Del Carmen 5.30 3.09 1.71 6 Del Pilar 16.59 0.71 23.37 7 Del Rosario 8.61 1.65 5.22 8 Dela Paz 5.87 1.7 3.45 9 DelaPazNorte Sur 4.62 1.57 2.94 10 Dolores 34.49 2.56 13.47 11 Juliana 5.72 0.52 11.00 12 Lara 5.34 3.35 1.59 13 Lourdes 3.94 0.51 7.73 14 Magliman 4.92 1.38 3.57 15 Maimpis 14.99 2.54 5.90 16 Malino 14.07 1.68 8.38 17 Malpitic 4.93 1.31 3.76 18 Pandaras 2.07 1.67 1.24 19 Panipuan 6.44 4.36 1.48 20 Pulung Bulu 5.10 1.04 4.91 21 Quebiawan 8.51 2.34 3.64 22 Saguin 6.85 1.05 6.52 23 San Agustin 22.62 2.95 7.67 24 San Felipe 4.10 2.96 1.39 25 San Isidro 2.90 1.4 2.07 26 San Jose 9.63 3.22 2.99 27 San Juan 3.22 2.41 1.34 28 San Nicolas 8.95 0.8 11.19 29 San Pedro 6.51 2.24 2.90 30 SindalanCutud 19.98 3.27 6.11 31 Sta. Lucia 17.18 0.87 19.75 32 Sta. Teresita 1.44 0.81 1.77 33 Sto. Ninio 11.51 1.36 8.46 34 Sto. Rosario 1.45 0.85 1.71 35 Telabastagan 5.20 1.91 2.72 TOTAL 302.09 67.74 4.46 Source: CSFP, City Engineer’s Office

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 5-2

One expressway, a north-south backbone, and a major east–west lateral road cuts through the city, to wit: North Luzon Expressway (NLEx), MacArthur Highway or Manila North Road, and the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA) formerly known as Gapan–San Fernando–Olongapo (GSO) road, respectively.

Being on a major north–south (NLEx and MacArthur Highway) and east–west (Gapan–San Fernando–

Olongapo Road) crossroad makes Figure 5-1. Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA) CSFP a gateway to all directions of Central Luzon. Alongside the city’s role in regional development being the regional center and host to regional government agency offices, the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA) section that traverses the city was widened to six (6) lanes.

Figure 5-2. Major Arterial Roads in City of San Fernando

Legend North Luzon Expressway Mac Arthur Highway Jose Abad Santos Avenue

Source: DPWH, Project Team

Infrastructure Development 5-3

Public transportation in the city is road-based. It consists largely of jeepneys, tricycles, pedicabs, and horse-drawn calash (kalesa) for primary and feeder routes. For long-distance travels, buses are available in several terminals in CSFP. Bus companies taking their route to and from the city are Victory Liner Inc., Genesis Transport Service, Inc., Bataan Transit Co., Inc., among others (CSFP 2012)

The Transport and Traffic Management Plan (TMP) for the City of San Fernando, identified that despite the high public transport mode share (about 85%), the city’s road network is congested due to a seemingly oversupply of tricycles, inefficient loading/unloading operation, unsafe pedestrian crossings, and roadside friction due to encroaching commercial activities and parking. Other concerns include: road safety and pollution from transport and road safety of pedestrians.

Accordingly, the study identified five (5) major goals in transportation in support of the city’s vision and mission, to wit: (i) Improve road safety;

(ii) Improve public transport quality; (iii) Reduce air pollution from transport;

(iv) Reduce traffic congestion; and

(v) Enhance transport equity.

5.1.2 Vehicle Registration

City of San Fernando has 1,999 registered tricycles of which 1,548 units with license plate information and 451 units without (City Mayor’s Office, Community Affairs Division, CSFP CLUP 2012-2021).

Figure 5-3. Clark International Airport (CRK)

5.1.3 Airport Clark International Airport (CRK) located within the Clark Freeport Zone is the major airport system providing air access to CSFP. This airport

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 5-4

provides international and domestic flights.

CRK is considered one of the biggest aviation complexes in Asia with two (2) parallel runways. The primary runway (Runway 02R/20L) has a length of 3,200 meters and a width of 61 meters. The secondary runway (Runway 02L/20R) has a length of 3,200 meters and a width of 45 meters. The airport is well equipped with a Terminal Radar Approach Control, Navigational Aids, Meteorological Equipment, Airfield Ground Lighting System and Crash, Fire and Rescue facilities (www.crk.clarkairport.com).

The total passenger count for 2014 is at 877,757 with international passengers accounting for 89.6% and domestic passengers at 10.4%. For the same year, the daily aircraft movement on the average is 18 consisting of 16 international and 3 domestic flight movements whereas an average of 2,405 passengers passes through the airport terminal daily (Clark International Airport Corporation Annual Report 2014).

In 2015, the proposed P15-billion world-class Passenger Terminal Project for Clark International Airport (CRK) has been approved by the NEDA Board that will accommodate 8 million passengers annually which provides for 100% increase from the 4 million passenger capacity of the existing passenger terminal (www.crk.clarkairport.com).

5.2 UTILITIES

5.2.1 Water Supply

A. Potable Use

Groundwater is the major source of potable water in the city. Domestic water supply and distribution is being undertaken by the City of San Fernando Water District (CSFWD). The CSFWD is owned by CSFP by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 198 a.k.a. The Provincial Utilities Act of 1973.

The Department of Health (DOH) preliminarily evaluated the quality of groundwater in the province of Pampanga. The results of the test were gathered from a total of 87 sampling points wherein high pH level, Iron and Manganese were detected present in several sampling points. The results gathered revealed

Infrastructure Development 5-5

that groundwater from Pampanga met the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW). Results of the test are shown in Table 5-3.

Table 5-3. Preliminary Results of Water Quality Test for Groundwater Managed by Water Districts in Pampanga, 2010 Description Result Sampling points 87 1. Turbidity 0 2. True Color 0 3. pH 1 4. Hardness 0 5. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 0 6. Chloride 0 7. Iron 1 8. Manganese 9 Source: JICA and NWRB

As of August 2015, CSFWD has a total of 41,288 residential, commercial and government subscribers. An additional of less than 2,000 subscribers from September 2014 to August 2015 is observed. Subsequently, average monthly consumption of treated water declined by 0.4 cubic meter from April – August 2015 (Table 5-4).

Table 5-4. Waterworks Systems and Status, 2014-2015

Date Monthly Subscribers Average Monthly Production Residential Government Commercial Consumption (m3) Total (cu.m.) Aug 1,246,37 39,310 200 1,778 41,288 22.83 2015 6 Jul 2015 1,226,67 39,187 199 1,738 41,124 22.18 9 Jun 1,216,45 39,037 195 1,740 40,972 22.34 2015 2 May 1,254,38 38,825 196 1,755 40,776 23.01 2015 3 Apr 1,242,75 38,602 194 1,743 40,539 23.10 2015 4 Mar 1,270,82 38,398 192 1,731 40,321 20.09 2015 0 Feb 1,070,21 38,210 175 1,708 40,093 20.72 2015 5 Jan 1,228,47 38,111 174 1,712 39,997 22.68 2015 3 Dec 1,148,05 37,920 164 1,726 39,810 21.29 2014 2

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 5-6

Nov 1,179,61 37,713 173 1,710 39,596 21.96 2014 6 Oct 1,138,86 37,587 171 1,704 39,462 21.15 2014 7 Sep 1,154,81 37,586 182 1,674 39,442 21.45 2014 0 Average 1,198,12 38,374 185 1,727 40,285 21.91 5 Source: CSFWD

5.2.2 Power

The San Fernando Electric Light and Power Company Inc. (SFELAPCO) is the major power distributor that ensures the availability of electric power in the city. SFELAPCO has four substations serving the city, to wit: Magdalena, Greenville, Lourdes Heights and Baliti. The combined capacity of these substations is at 151.25 mega volt amp (MVA). Moreover, San Miguel Corporation and San Miguel Yamamura Packaging Corporation (SMYPC) have their own power transformers with a total capacity of 41.90 MVA. (SFELAPCO, 2015)

In 2010, SFELAPCO reported that the electric company serves 34 out of the 35 barangays of CSFP. Barangay Pulung Bulu and some portions of barangay Telabastagan are served by the Angeles Electric Corporation due to their proximity to Angeles City. SFELAPCO has a total energy requirement average of 35 million kilowatt hours (kWh) per month for its franchise area covering barangays in CSFP, Floridablanca, Bacolor, Guagua, Lubao and Santo Tomas. (www.sfelapco.com)

The highest kilowatt peak of electricity demand in the City of San Fernando for the year 2015 as recorded by SFELAPCO is 102,857 kilowatts. The months of May, June, and July records the highest kilowatt peak demand for the city as of August 2015 (table 5-5). Figure 5-4 would show that the peak demand of electric power in the city per day occurs at 2:00 – 3:00 pm.

Moreover, a daily load profile on electric power capacity recorded in August shows a minimum load of 45,696 kilowatts and a maximum of 82,320 kilowatts (table 5-6). Comparing with the maximum load requirement for Angeles City, CSFP has a higher load requirement. The noteworthy reason is that most major power consumption areas in Central Luzon such as the brewery and bottling companies (San Miguel, Coca-cola, and Pepsi), two large malls (SM and

Infrastructure Development 5-7

Robinsons), and other major urban hubs (i.e. regional government center, major hospitals, banks, among others) are located in City of San Fernando.

Table 5-5. Monthly Loads of SFELAPCO (including loads of SMC and SMYPC), 2015

Source: SFELAPCO

Figure 5-4. SFELAPCO Line KW Demand, 2015

Source: SFELAPCO

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 5-8

Table 5-6. Daily Load Profile of SFELAPCO, August 2015

Source: SFELAPCO

In line with the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 or RE Law, a legislation that encourages and develops the use of the country's renewable energy resources, SFELAPCO partnered with AboitizPower a brand of clean and renewable energy that is sourced from AboitizPower's Tiwi-Makban geothermal facilities as well as from its Hedcor-Irisan hydroelectric plant in Benguet. The “Cleanergy” or renewable energy has been supplied to SFELAPCO since 26 December 2009.(www.sfelapco.com/SFELAPCO now provides100% Clean & Green Energy) Furthermore, CSFP has been identified as one of the areas in the country which receives a lot of sunlight (Solar Radiation) which then can be converted into Electrical power (http://www.philsolarpoweradventure.com).

5.3 IRRIGATION AND FLOOD CONTROL

5.3.1 Irrigation

A total of 547.71 hectares of land in the city are devoted to rice production

skewed from a total of 14 out of the 35 barangays (Table 5-7). Barangay

Infrastructure Development 5-9

Pandaras has the largest share having a total of 26% or 140.75 hectares of the

total area followed by barangay San Felipe partaking 133.05 hectares (24%). The

source of irrigation services are diesel powered shallow tube well (STW) engines.

These farm engines have an average for On-Farm Equipment rating of 8

horsepower (HP).

Table 5-7. Status of Irrigation in CSFP, 2015 Barangay STW Irrigated Areas % Share (Hectares) 1 Bulaon 31.7 6% 2 Calulut 47.9 9% 3 Del Carmen 60.13 11% 4 Del Rosario 9.6 2% 5 Dela Paz Sur 3 1% 6 Magliman 41 7% 7 Maimpis 8.8 2% 8 Pandaras 140.75 26% 9 Quebiauan 13.5 2% 10 San Felipe 133.05 24% 11 San Juan 28.28 5% 12 San Nicolas 1.8 0% 13 San Pedro 17 3% 14 Santa Lucia 10.9 2% Total 547.41 100% Source: CSFP website

5.3.2 Flood Control and Drainage

Perennial flooding poses a big challenge for CSFP considering its location, the growing number of the city’s population, the enormous amount of visitors coming-in and out of the city, high value of properties and business developments within its territory, and the potential impact of climate change on regional economic development. Based on the flooding exposure map prepared by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), 20% of CSFP barangays (7 out of 35) are entirely situated on areas highly susceptible to flooding while some portions of the other barangays are exposed to high and low to moderate flooding susceptibility (Figure 5-5). These barangays are mostly located in the Poblacion and south of JASA where elevation ranged between 1-10 meters above mean

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 5-10

sea level (MSL) and those along the San Fernando River and its tributaries traversing the city proper. The San Fernando River is the largest and considered the main drainage channel of the City (CSFP CDP 2011-2016).

Figure 5-5. Flooding Exposure Map of CSFP

Legend LegendRivers and Creeks North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) North Luzon Expressway MacArthur Highway Mac Arthur Highway Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA) AreasJose Abadwith High Santos Susceptibility Avenue to Flooding Areas with Low to Moderate Susceptibility to Flooding CSFP_Barangay_Boundary

Source: MGB, DENR, & Planning Team

CSFP’s slope is characteristically flat (within the range of 0-3 percent) which partly explains the vulnerability of the city to flooding (CSFP Physical Land Use, 2007-2011). The excess run-off from Angeles City and Mexico also contributes to the flooding being experienced in the city. Furthermore, climate change causes greater volume of rains to the level that exceeds the carrying capacity of rivers, creeks, and drainage system in the city. (De Leon, M. Flood Hazard Mapping Project in CSFP. 2008)

Infrastructure Development 5-11

5.4 TELECOMMUNICATION

5.4.1 Telephone services

A total of five (5) telecommunications companies operate in the city as of

2014. Two (2) of which are offering landline services namely Philippine Long

Distance Telephone (PLDT) Company and Digitel Telecommunications

Philippines Incorporated. While the remaining three (3) are Globe Telecom,

Smart Communications and Sun Cellular which offer mobile services.

5.4.2 Television Stations

The city hosts three (3) local television (TV) stations, also, majority of

television networks are accessible in CSFP. The list of the local TV stations and

their coverage area is found in Table 5-8.

Table 5-8. Local Television Stations, 2014 Television Station Coverage Area

1. Central Luzon TV (CLTV) 36 Region III

2. ABS – CBN 46 Pampanga

3. GNN TV 44 Pampanga

Source: cityofsanfernando.gov.ph

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 5-12

Chapter 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Environmental Management

6. 1 AIR QUALITY

The need for an efficient air quality management mechanism is underscored by the fact that in the Philippines, 16 percent and 22 percent of respiratory-related mortality and morbidity rates in 2013 are attributable to outdoor air pollution (National Air Quality Status Report 2012-2013). Pollutants that contaminate the air we breathe can cause a multitude of health problems most especially to persons who are more at risk. The effects of air pollution on human health may include irritation of the eyes and nose, headaches, fatigue, and even long term acute changes in lung functions, respiratory illnesses and a shortened life expectancy. Further, a glimpse of the country’s health statistics in the recent decade also reveal that air quality-related illnesses such as acute respiratory infection, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, pneumonia and respiratory tuberculosis have been consistently in the top ten causes of morbidity.

In response to this, Republic Act No. 8749 also known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 was passed and fully implemented by the government. The Philippine Clean Air Act recognizing our right to clean air provides for the integrated framework for air quality management in the country. Among the salient features of this act are the following:

a) It institutionalized “polluters must pay system” by providing for the Emission Charge System (Section 13); b) Established the Air Quality Management Fund as a special account in the National Treasury (Section 14); c) Declared prohibited and illegal the incineration of municipal wastes (Section 20); d) Provided for the ambient air quality and pollution standards and limits (Section 12 and 19); e) Introduced the concept of “airshed” (similar idea with watershed) intended to group different territorial and administrative units with same “air quality” characteristics (Section 9); f) Mandated the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to prepare an i) Annual National Air Quality Status Report, ii) Integrated Air

Environmental Management 6-1 Quality Improvement Framework, and iii) Air Quality Action Plan (Section 6 - 8); and, g) To be more effective in implementing the provisions of this law, the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of DENR was tasked as the lead implementing agency and was correspondingly converted from staff to line bureau (Section 34).

Relative to its function on air quality monitoring, shown below are EMB’s data for concentration of Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 and 10, and other air pollutants including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, benzene, toluene, p-Xylene and carbon monoxide from the air sampling station located at Heroes Hall in 2014. It can be reckoned that concentration of PM 2.5 has been well within the National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Value (NAAQGV) of 35 µg/Ncm in a year except for the months of May and June where it reached almost double the recommended value. The same can also be observed for PM 10, values are well within the guideline of 60 µg/Ncm in a year except for the months of April and May (Figure 6-1).

Figure 6-1. 2014 Air quality monitoring results at the EMB Air Quality Sampling Station in Heroes Hall

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 6-2 Table 6-1 presents the characteristics, sources and health effects of the most common air pollutants. It can be concluded that most of the harmful particles present in the air we breathe come from fuel combustion of motor vehicles. In the case of the City of San Fernando, the major thoroughfares such as the stretch of MacArthur Highway going to Angeles City and the Jose Abad Santos Avenue going to Bataan where majority of the motor vehicles pass has probably the highest concentrations of these air pollutants.

Table 6-1. Characteristics, Sources, and Effects of Criteria Pollutants to Health (Source: US EPA, 200762) Pollutant Sources Health Effects Particles: PM 10 (inhalable Chemical reactions, fuel Aggravation of respiratory particles) less than or combustion (burning coal, and cardiovascular disease, equal to 10 micrometers in wood, diesel), industrial reduced lung function, diameter; PM 2.5 processes, agriculture increased respiratory (respirable particles) less (plowing, field burning), symptoms, premature death than or equal to 2.5 unpaved roads micrometers in diameter. Carbon Monoxide(CO): Fuel combustion (vehicular) Reduces the ability of blood colorless, odorless, and at to carry oxygen to body high concentrations, tissues including vital organs; poisonous gas aggravation of cardiovascular disease Oxides of Nitrogen Fuel combustion (e.g., NO2 can affect the liver, (NOx):Generally refers to electric utilities, industrial lung, spleen and blood; can NO and NO2 (plays a major boilers, and vehicles), wood aggravate lung diseases role in the formation of burning leading to respiratory smog) symptoms and increased susceptibility to respiratory infection Sulfur Oxides (SOₓ): SO2 is Fuel combustion (especially Aggravates asthma; can a heavy, colorless, high sulfur coal); electric reduce lung function and poisonous gas with a utilities and industrial inflame the respiratory tract; pungent, iritating odor. processes like refineries and can cause headache, smelters; natural sources general discomfort and such as volcanoes anxiety.

Since air, like water, is a shared resource, a trans-boundary and integrated approach to its management is the best way forward. Consequently, the Philippine Clean Air Act introduced the concept of an “airshed” intended to group administrative units with the same “air quality” characteristics. The Province of Pampanga, as indicated in DENR Administrative Order No. 2011-11 on the Re-designation of the Metro Manila Airshed into three individual airsheds, form part of the Bulacan-

Environmental Management 6-3 Pampanga-Bataan Airshed. A corresponding Airshed Board was also formed comprising of the governors and mayors from the three provinces, and regional directors of DOH, DOE, DOTC, DOST, DILG, DTI, DepEd, and DBM. The Board, in conformity with existing laws, shall be responsible in the formulation of policies and action plan towards improvement of air quality.

6.2 WATER QUALITY

The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 or Republic Act No. 9275 aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution of land-based sources and provides for a comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all stakeholders (EMB). Among the salient features of this law are the following:

a) Designation of Water Quality Management Areas by the DENR in coordination with NWRB using appropriate physiographic units such as watershed, river basins or water resources regions (Section 5); b) Mandated the preparation of a National Sewerage and Septage Management Program and required highly urbanized cities to provide sewerage and septage services to minimize wastewater pollution of water bodies (Section 7 and 8); c) Imposition of water pollution permits and charges according to the waste load (Article 2).

Figure 6-2 shows the river network map of the city depicting the stream flow pattern influenced by natural topographic characteristics such as elevation. It can be seen that the elevation of the city naturally declines from 70 masl in the upper northern portion to only about 5 masl on its southern end. This influences the stream flow pattern of the four major water channels draining the whole city: St. Jude Creek, Maimpis Creek, Calulut Creek, and Mapalad Creek. These four creeks converge at the San Fernando River in the southern portion of the city. As such, San Fernando River serves as the major catch basin of all the surface runoff originating not only from the northern portion of the city but also from the nearby headwaters of Angeles City. Frequent flooding in areas near the San Fernando River can be explained by the accumulation of the surface runoff from the four creeks. It should also be noted however that with this runoff also comes effluents and solid wastes dumped on water

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 6-4 channels. This phenomenon has gravely affected water quality in the water channels of the city.

Figure 6-2. River network map of the City of San Fernando

6.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Republic Act 9003 also known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000” signed into law in 2001 sets the country’s framework for comprehensive ecological waste management. Among others, it provides for mandatory segregation

Environmental Management 6-5 of solid waste from the source; establishment of materials recovery facilities; prohibition of operation and establishment of open dumpsites; and setting of guidelines on the establishment of controlled dumpsites and sanitary landfills. Further, Section 41 of the Act provides that no controlled dumps shall be allowed five (5) years following the effectivity of the Act.

In Central Luzon however, a lot still needs to be done in addressing the perpetual challenges on solid waste management 15 years after the implementation of RA 9003. Of the 130 cities and municipalities in the region, 31 or 23.85 percent continue to use open dumpsites for waste disposal. In 2011, the region also has the most number of LGUs (58) among other regions nationwide with waste generation greater than 15 metric tons per day.

In the local scene, the City of San Fernando continues to make strides in effectively managing wastes generated within the city. As of 2014, the city was able to construct 163 Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in various barangays, schools, and subdivisions. Likewise, 246 tri-bikes were distributed to aid in waste segregation. City Ordinance No. 2014-008 also known as the plastic-free ordinance of the City of San Fernando, was also passed and implemented. The ordinance prohibits commercial establishments from providing free plastic bags as packaging materials and at the same time mandates all stores to make available reusable bags as means of carrying out goods.

As a result of various efforts on effective solid waste management, the City in 2014 was awarded as the Most Outstanding LGU (City category) by DILG 3 in complying with the key legal provisions of R.A. 9003 through the Environmental Compliance Audit (ECA).

6.4 SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Results of the Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) for the city’s solid waste in 2014 revealed that on the average, per capita waste generation in residential areas is at 0.58 kg/day, slightly higher than the Philippine Society of Sanitary Engineers (PSSE) recommended waste generation of 0.50 kg/day for highly urbanized cities. Per capita waste generation for non-residential areas on the other hand is at 0.11 kg/day.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 6-6 At a whole, the city produces about 214,798 kilograms or 214.80 metric tons of solid waste per day (Table 6-2), 77.67 percent of which are composed of biodegradable and recyclable wastes while the remaining 29.32 percent are residual and special wastes. Upon further classification of these wastes, a 91.34 percent maximum potential for waste diversion or the percentage amount of waste that can be recycled and repurposed for other uses is computed. This means that only a remaining 8.66 percent of residual waste need to be transported to a sanitary landfill for proper treatment.

Table 6-2. Quantity and composition of waste generated from all sources, 2014. Major Total waste generation Waste composition (kg/day) Sources Kilograms/ Percent Biodegradable Recyclable Residual Special day (%) to waste total Residential 180,694.10 -- 92,926.76 44,773.94 40,381.28 2,612.12 84.12 43.26 20.84 18.80 1.22 Commercial 22,815.02 -- 15,927.031 4,324.061 2,423.076 140.85 10.62 7.41 2.01 1.13 0.07 Institutions 6,828.51 -- 1,662.582 3,178.748 1,175.02 812.17 3.18 0.77 1.48 0.55 0.38 Industrial 4,320.65 -- 480.989 3,409.004 397.943 32.708 sources 2.01 0.22 1.59 0.19 0.02 Agricultural 139.94 -- 111.933 21.787 6.219 0.000 sources 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 Total 214,798.22 -- 111,109.29 55,707.54 44,383.53 3,597.84 100.00 51.71 25.93 20.67 1.69 Source: 2014 Waste Analysis and Characterization Study, City of San Fernando

Among the major sources of wastes in the city, residential sources contribute a large portion of the city’s total waste collection in a day. The estimated daily waste generation from residential sources in 2014 is at 180,694 kilograms, equivalent to about 84.12 percent of the city’s total waste generation. This is followed by commercial sources (10.62 percent) mainly constituting of solid waste from public markets and food establishments.

6.5 SOLID WASTE PROJECTION

Generation of solid waste projection is a function of population and per capita waste production. In order to arrive at the estimated solid waste generation for the next five years, the medium growth rate assumption (2.57 percent) using 2000 and 2010 census of population data and the estimated per capita waste generation of 0.58 kg/day was utilized.

Environmental Management 6-7

As a result of this computation, it is estimated that the city will generate about 213,707 kg or 214 metric tons of waste per day.

Table 6-3. Population projection of City of San Fernando and estimated daily waste generation 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Projected Population using Medium 324,573 368,461 418,284 474,844 539,052 growth rate assumption (2.57 percent) Estimated daily waste generation 188,252 213,707 242,605 275,410 312,650 (kg/day)

6.6. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

In 2014, the city government conducted a Waste Analysis and Characterization Study of wastes generated from major sources namely: commercial establishments, institutions, industrial sources, and agricultural sources. Results of the study revealed that in 2014, a little over half of the total waste generated within the city are biodegradable wastes (52 percent). This is followed by recyclable wastes accounting for 26 percent, residual wastes accounting for seven (7) percent, and sando bags accounting for six (6) percent.

Figure 6-3. Types of waste generated in CSFP according to classification

6.7 WASTE COLLECTION BREAKDOWN

In terms of waste collection, the city in 2014 had a 81.68 percent waste collection efficiency (Table 6-4). Waste collection covers only residential and some

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 6-8 commercial areas since wastes from agricultural and industrial sources are being collected by accredited private haulers.

Table 6-4. Percentage waste generated by sectors and actual waste collected and disposed, 2014. Major Sources Waste Gen % Waste Gen Actual Waste Collected & Collection Area Collection Area Disposed (kgs/day) (kgs/day) (kgs/day) Residential · Highly Urbanized 62,120.59 30.75% 50,738.98 · Urban 87,417.22 41.34% 71,400.81 · Rural 31,156.30 14.32% 25,447.90 Commercial · Public Market 8,973.98 4.11% 7,329.78 · Food Establishments 4,664.75 2.14% 3,810.08 - Recreation Centers 1,375.05 0.63% 1,123.12 · General Stores 6,412.80 2.94% 5,237.86 - Service Centers 1,051.23 0.48% 858.63 - Slaughter House 0.18 0.00% 0.15 - Other Services 337.04 0.15% 275.29 Institutions · Offices 106.07 0.05% 86.64 · School 3,947.17 1.81% 3,223.98 · Churches 151.05 0.07% 123.37 · Health Care Sources 2,624.23 1.20% 2,143.42 Industrial Sources · Agro-Industries 0.00 0.00% 0.00 · Cottage Industries 0.00 0.00% 0.00 · Manufacturing 0.00 0.00% 0.00 Agricultural Sources · Agricultural Farms 0.00 0.00% 0.00 · Rice, Corn, & Sugar Mills 0.00 0.00% 0.00 TOTAL 210,337.66 171,800.00 % Collection Efficiency 81.68% Source: Waste Analysis and Characterization Study, 2014

Environmental Management 6-9

Chapter 7

DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015

Development Administration

The concept of development administration should be understood under two concepts: Administration of Development and Administrative Development.

Administration of Development focuses on the generation of resources and utilization of these available resources to their optimum use. This involves the innovation of planning techniques, development of human capital as resources, among others. On the other hand, Administrative Development emphasises the empowerment of the administrative structure which is strong and large enough to sustain the pressures of rapid development.

This section discusses how the city manages to subsequently perform administration of development and administrative development hand-in-hand with the active participation of all the stakeholders involved.

7.1 REVENUE GENERATION

The city’s income sources are mainly from the collection of real property tax, business tax, regulatory fees from permits and licenses, etc. Since 2010, there is a significant increase in the total general collection (Table 7-1). With a 48.51% growth rate, business tax and licenses collection highly contributes to the city’s total income generation.

Table 7-1. Distribution of Income /Revenue by Source, 2010-2014

Income Sources 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Income Generation (in million (in million (in million (in million (in million Growth Rate 2010- PhP) PhP) PhP) PhP) PhP) 2014 Real Property Tax (RPT) 65.43 75.18 75.50 78.90 80.59 23.17% Business Tax and Licenses 238.35 275.26 310.22 330.45 353.98 48.51% Other Taxes, Regulatory and Misc. Fees 126.11 147.31 144.48 159.92 171.86 36.28% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.05% Internal Revenue Collection (IRA) 409.83 439.44 389.53 419.96 471.53 28.40% Total General Collection 839.50 937.19 919.72 989.23 1,077.96 23.17%

Source: City of San Fernando Treasurer’s Office

Based on the data presented in Table 7-2, the total estimated receipts of the City amounts to Php1.4 Billion for the year 2015 which is 9.95% (2014) and 23.99% (2013) higher than the previous years.

Development Administration 7-1

Table 7-2. City’s total receipt from 2012 – 2015 Income Sources 2013 2014 2015 (in million Php) (in million Php) (in million Php) Local (Internal Sources) 659.33 804.19 863.77 External Sources (IRA) 418.30 469.86 537.00 Total Receipts 1,077.63 1,274.05 1,400.77

Source: City of San Fernando Local Expenditure Program (2015)

The highest rate of local sources to total receipts was recorded during the year 2014 which is 63.12% of the total receipts compared to the 61.66% in 2015 and 61.18% in 2013. Furthermore, the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) dependency of the city accounts to 38.82%, 36.88%, and 38.34% for the 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively.

1,400,000,000.00 1,200,000,000.00

1,000,000,000.00 800,000,000.00 2012 600,000,000.00 2013 400,000,000.00 2014 200,000,000.00 0.00 Local (Internal External Sources Total Receipts In Million Php Sources) (IRA)

Source: City of San Fernando Treasurer’s Office and Bureau of Local Government Finance Figure 7-1. City’s total receipts from 2012-2015

Table 7-3 shows a comparative assessment of the Internal (Local) and External (IRA) sources between CSFP, Angeles City, and Mabalacat City. The average internal sources of the CSFP from 2012 to 2014 (Php759.37 million) is relatively higher than Angeles City (664.28) and Mabalacat City (135.67). The dependence of IRA is relatively low for CSFP with a total average of 36.02% in the total receipts (2012-2014) compared to Angeles City (43.36%) and Mabalacat City (79.98%).

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-2 Table 7-3 Comparative Assessment of Internal and External Sources 2012 (in million PhP) 2013(in million PhP) 2014 (in million PhP) Income Angeles Mabalacat Angeles Mabalacat Angeles Mabalacat Sources CSFP CSFP CSFP City City City City City City Local (Internal 814.58 586.8 120.56 659.33 667.67 139.56 804.19 738.36 146.88 Sources) External (IRA and 389.53 471.66 391.66 418.3 496.74 567.02 469.86 554.06 728.6 others) Total Operating 1,204.11 1,058.46 512.22 1,077.63 1,164.41 706.58 1,274.05 1,292.42 875.48 Income Source: City of San Fernando Treasurer’s Office and Bureau of Local Government Finance

Development Administration 7-3 7.2 EXPENDITURE PATTERN

Expenditure refers to the total amount of money that an organization (government) spends over a particular period of time. For three consecutive years, almost half or 49.95% (2013), 49.69%, (2014) and 47.26% (2015) of the total expenses of the city goes to the General Public Services. It was followed by the Social Services and lastly, the Economic Services (Table 7-4).

Table 7-4 Actual Expenditure by Object, 2013 - 2015 Services/Expenses 2013 % 2014 % 2015 % Share Share Share General Public Services 599.37 49.95 572.58 49.69 602.87 47.26 Social Services 383.34 31.95 361.34 31.36 407.51 31.94 Economic Services 217.25 18.10 218.47 18.96 265.30 20.80 Total 1,199.96 100 1,152.38 100 1,275.68 100 Source: City of San Fernando Local Expenditure Program (2015)

Figure 7-2 illustrates the comparative share of the actual expenditures of CSFP by General Accounts. The Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) recorded the highest share among the 4 accounts with 8.61% increase from 2013 -2015. Adversely, the financial expenses which include payments to loans went last in the expenses list.

900 773.12 800 706.56 700 664.62 600 Personal Services 500 403.84 384.88 397.63 MOOE 400 Financial Expenses 300 200 Capital Outlay 78.27 92.78 91.9 100 11.3 10.11 13.03 0 in Million Php 2013 2014 2015

Source: City of San Fernando Local Expenditure Program (2015)

Figure 7-2. Actual Expenditure by General Account, 2013 - 2015

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-4 The level of expenditures of CSFP is the same as the rankings of expenditures of Angeles City and Mabalacat City. As shown in Table 7-5, CSFP releases more services and expenses compared to Angeles City and Mabalacat City. Among the three cities, the General Public Services ranked number 1 in the total actual expenditures followed by the social services, economic services, and other expenses.

Table 7-5 Comparative Actual Expenditure by General Account of CSFP, Angeles City, and Mabalacat City (2012-2014) 2012 (in million PhP) 2013 (in million PhP) 2014 (in million PhP) Services/ Angeles Mabalacat Angeles Mabalacat Angeles Mabalacat Expenses CSFP CSFP CSFP City City City City City City

General Public 578.85 434.16 265.00 599.37 400.28 299.45 572.58 443.40 404.34

Social 284.45 366.42 105.06 383.34 325.95 105.63 361.34 374.08 94.24

Economic 215.75 106.80 63.90 217.25 87.64 75.61 218.47 113.34 92.63 Others 64.71 - 51.40 - - 31.10 -

TOTAL 1,079.04 972.08 433.96 1,199.96 865.28 480.69 1,152.38 961.91 591.21 Source: City of San Fernando Local Expenditure Program (2015)

The comparative budget of the city for the past five years is presented in Table 7-6. The growth rate of the budget from 2011 – 2015 is 44.21%. Based on the total revenues of the city, the revenues are consistently higher than the budget released. However, the budget exceeded the revenue in the year 2012.

Development Administration 7-5 Table 7-6. Budget for the last 5 years

Year Budget

2011 Php 884,598,807.31

2012 Php 1,079,044,742.41

2013 Php 1,199,987,717.43

2014 Php 1,152,404,504.43

2015 Php 1,275,677,548.48

Source: City of San Fernando Treasurer’s Office

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-6 7.3 COMPETITIVENESS

The efforts of the city in strengthening its local economic development and competitiveness catapult them to the top. Recently, the National Competitiveness Council (NCC) ranked the city second in the overall top ten component cities for the 2015 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index. The index examines the three convergent pillars among the most common key indicator areas: Economic Dynamism, Government Efficiency, and Infrastructure. The index is an annual ranking of Philippine cities and municipalities developed by NCC through the Regional Competitiveness Committees (RCCs) with the assistance of the United States Agency for International Development.

However, the city stumbles in the 2015 overall ranking as it plunges from rank 19 of 2014 to rank 25 of 2015 out of 142 others (Table 7-7). The overall rank refers to the ranks/scores of the Cities and Municipalities regardless of category: highly urbanized city, independent or component city, and municipality.

Table 7-7. Overall Ranking under the National Competitiveness Survey, 2014-2015

Indicator 2015 2014 Ranking Ranking Economic Dynamism 36 33 Government Efficiency 15 7 Infrastructure 61 41 Overall Total Score 25 19

Source: National Competitiveness Council (as of April 2015)

Table 7-8 shows the 2015 comparative performance of CSFP between Angeles City and Mabalacat City. In terms of the overall ranking, Angeles City rises above CSFP and Mabalacat City grabbing the 15th place.

Table 7-8. Comparative 2015 Overall Ranking of CSFP, Angeles City, and Mabalacat City

Indicators CSFP Angeles City Mabalacat City Economic Dynamism 36 23 128 Government Efficiency 15 9 122 Infrastructure 61 24 127 Overall Score 25 15 127 Source: National Competitiveness Council (as of April 2015)

Development Administration 7-7 Nevertheless, CSFP stimulates economic dynamism that boosts business and industry growth, and local productivity. The capacity of the government to deliver quality services and ensure competitive governance promotes transparency and accountability which strengthen people’s trust in the government and encourage greater public participation in decision-making. The presence of strategic road networks, viable infrastructure investments, and advanced Information and communication technology in the city opens a gateway to static development and local expansion.

7.4 LOCAL GOVERNANCE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES

Local Governance is defined as the formulation and execution of collaborative actions and specific range of services to enrich the quality of life of the people. The current system of the Local Government of City of San Fernando establishes directives which involve collective decision making and strong relations between the stakeholders to better improve citizenry.

The initiatives of the city reflect the on-going efforts in identifying growth and development for the entire community. The destructive threat of global warming and climate change motivates the city to create the Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA) Core Group and Pre-Disaster Risk Reduction Assessment (PDANA) core group.

Moreover, efforts in reducing poverty, promoting literacy, and strengthening local peace and order were established to further enhance the quality of life in the city. The city’s advocacy to provide the best tourism experience and promote Kapampangan culture and the arts was further encourage through the reconstitution of the City Tourism Council and the creation of the Local Culture and the Arts Council.

The programs and activities cited were only some of the initiatives of the city. Listed in Table 7-9 are the actions taken by the city in the purpose to develop well- responsive and accountable governance.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-8 Table 7-9. City of San Fernando List of Executive Orders Series of 2013-2014

Executive Order No. Title E.O. CMO2014-059 An Order Creating the Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA) Core Group of the City Government of San Fernando, Pampanga E.O. CMO2014-058 An Order Creating the Pre-Disaster Risk Reduction Assessment (PDRA) Core Group of the City Government of San Fernando, Pampanga, Identifying its Members, their Duties and Responsibilities and for Other Purposes E.O. CMO2014-055 An Order Creating The City of San Fernando (P) Local Culture and Arts Council, Identifying its Members, their Duties And Responsibilities and for Other Purposes E.O. CMO2014-054 An Order Organizing the City Poverty Risk Reduction Action Team (CPRAT) of the City of San Fernando, Pampanga Appointing its Members, Identifying its Functions and for Other Purposes E.O. CMO2014-046 An Order Creating the City Gender And Development Focal Pont System E.O. CMO2014-028 An Order Creating Task Force Kaayusan para sa Kaunlaran, Identifying its Members, their Duties and Responsibilities E.O. CMO2014-027 An Order Creating the Technical Working Group (TWG) that will Evaluate Waste to Energy Technologies E.O. CMO2014-023 An Order Reorganizing/Reactivating the Project Monitoring Committee (PMC) of the City of San Fernando E.O. CMO2014-019 An Order Reconstituting the City Tourism Council of the City of San Fernando E.O. CMO2014-012 An Order Reconstituting the City Solid Waste Management Board (CSWMB)of the City of San Fernando Pampanga, Identifying its Members, their Duties and Functions, and for Other Purposes E.O. CMO2014-011 An Order Creating the Literacy Coordinating Council of City of San Fernando, Pampanga, Identifying the Membership, their Duties and Responsibilities and Other Purposes E.O. CMO2013-25 An Order Reorganizing the Local Peace and Order Council of the City of San Fernando, Pampanga, Identifying the Membership, their Duties and Responsibilities, and Other Purposes E.O. CMO2013-20 An Order Reconstituting the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council of the City of San Fernando, Pampanga, Identifying its Members, their Duties and Functions and Other Purposes E.O. CMO2013-18 An Order Reconstituting the Composition of the Multi Sectoral Governance Council (MSGC)

Development Administration 7-9 7.5 PEACE AND ORDER

Recently, an executive order was passed for the reorganization of the Local Peace and Order Council (LPOC) of the City of San Fernando. The reorganization aims to uphold the intensive efforts of government officials and citizens against criminality and accordingly maintain peace and security in the city. The council is chaired by the mayor along with the vice-mayor as vice-chairman.

Presented in Table 7-10 is the crime statistics in the city wherein 800 crimes were recorded in 2014 and out of this total, 57% of the total was cleared and 45% was solved. Crime clearance efficiency was highly recorded during the month of October. Almost half of the total crime volume was committed against property such as robbery and theft.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-10 Table 7-10. Crime Statistics, 2014

INDEX CRIME NON-INDEX CRIME AGAINST PERSON AGAINST PROPERTY H P I C R TOTAL TOTAL M O H N A INDEX N-INDEX N-INDEX T O T T TOTAL TOTAL CRIME VIOL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL CRIME TOTAL CRIME U M Y J R R TOTAL CRIME OTHER CRIME CRIME MONTH O B H O INDEX INDEX SOLUTION OF NON N- N- CRIME CRIME CLEARANCE CRIME SOLUTION R I S U A N N INDEX CLEARANCE NON CLEARANCE SOLUTION T B E T CRIMES CRIMES EFFICIENCY SPL INDEX INDEX INDEX VOL CLRD EFFICIENCY SLVD EFFICIENCY D C I R P A G CRIME EFFICIENCY INDEX EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY A E F A CLRD SLVD (%) LAWS CRIMES CLRD SLVD (%) (%) E I C I E P (%) (%) (%) L R T L R D A E P Y E L S I January 0 2 2 3 7 8 13 5 26 33 14 42 12 36 11 15 26 10 38 7 27 59 24 41 19 32 February 1 0 3 1 5 9 12 3 24 29 9 31 7 24 11 14 25 13 52 10 40 54 22 41 17 31 March 3 0 6 3 12 12 15 4 31 43 17 40 13 30 8 12 21 20 95 2 10 64 37 58 15 23 April 4 0 8 3 15 9 17 3 29 44 16 36 15 34 9 13 22 15 68 17 77 66 31 47 32 48 May 0 0 8 1 9 13 13 5 31 40 17 43 17 43 14 17 31 23 74 18 58 71 40 56 35 49 June 0 1 4 1 6 13 16 4 33 39 19 49 18 46 16 21 37 29 78 25 68 76 48 63 43 57 July 5 2 6 2 15 9 11 1 21 36 14 39 12 33 15 13 28 20 71 18 64 64 34 53 30 47 August 3 1 6 4 14 10 19 9 38 52 23 44 20 38 21 14 35 30 86 18 51 87 53 61 38 44 September 4 0 7 2 13 4 10 7 21 34 17 50 13 38 14 10 24 22 92 17 71 58 39 67 30 52 October 2 0 2 2 6 6 17 6 29 35 22 63 13 37 17 15 32 25 78 18 56 67 47 70 31 46 November 0 0 7 3 10 9 10 5 24 34 12 35 9 26 21 8 29 26 90 21 72 63 38 60 30 48 December 3 1 8 4 16 8 13 8 29 45 22 49 20 44 14 12 26 22 85 19 73 71 44 62 39 55 TOTAL 25 7 67 29 128 110 166 60 336 464 202 44 169 36 171 164 336 255 76 190 57 800 457 57 359 45

Development Administration 7-11 7.6 FIRE PROTECTION

One fire station and one sub-station are located in the city which is fully fitted- out with fire fighting personnel and equipment. The city’s fireman to population ratio of 1:10,211 does not meet the standard of 1:2,000 set by the HLURB. The table below shows the available fire fighting personnel and equipment in the two stations.

Table 7-11. Fire Protection Statistics (Personnel and Equipment) As of December 2014

Personnel/Equipment Quantity No. of Firemen 28 No. of Fire Aide 13

Fire Trucks 4 Rescue Truck 1

Service Vehicle 2 Fire Coats and Trousers 15 Fire Boots 8

Body Harness 5 Steel Boat 1

Jungle Bolo 5

Source: CSFP Bureau of Fire Protection

7.7 PUBLIC GOVERNANCE SYSTEM

Governance as a process of decision-making and how decisions are implemented entails accountability of the institutions and transparency in its endeavours. Good governance in the public sector encompasses the efficient and effective organizational performance which requires sustainable revenue sources and strategic utilization of these resources. Moreover, the political system must ensure equal and democratic participation of the stakeholders to better improve the quality of living.

During the 2015 Ranking of the National Competitiveness Council (NCC), the city placed second in the overall category grabbing the third spot in terms of government efficiency. This factor considers the support of the government to ensure sustainable productive expansion.

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-12 In 2014, the Department of Interior and the Local Government recognizes the good performance of the city in internal housekeeping particularly in the areas of development planning, resource generation, resource allocation and utilization, human resource management, among others by certifying the city with a Seal of Good Housekeeping. Furthermore, the city operates a quality management system which has been assessed as conforming to ISO 9000:2008.

7.7.1 The City Officials

The local government of City of San Fernando is headed by the City Mayor. With the supervision of the Chief-of-Staff, the city functions through the following officials.

Table 7-12. List of City Offices and Office Heads OFFICES HEAD Office of the City Mayor Hon. Edwin D. Santiago Chief-of -Staff Ms. Remedios Agoncillo Environmental and Management Office Engr. Anele C. David City Information Office OIC-Ms. Abigail David Public Employment Service Office Mr. Donny Sayre CSFP City Tourism Office Ms. Ching Pangilinan Business Permit and Licensing Division Mr. Joseph Garcia City Traffic Enforcement and Transport OIC-Mr. Renato Pineda Management Office Chief of Staff Mr. Michael M. Sicat Office of the City Administrator OIC-Engr. Fernando Limbitco City Planning and Development Office Engr. Fernando Limbitco Office of the City Accountant Ms. Maria Gisel P. Rivera City Assessor’s Office Mr. Jose De Leon City Budget Office Ms. Eda Panganiban City Engineer’s Office Engr. Amor Bien Aguas City Treasurer’s Office Ms. Mary Ann Bautista Human Resource Management Office Ms. Rachelle Yusi City General Services Office Engr. Michael Quizon Jr. City Health Office Dra. Eloisa Aquino City Legal Office Atty. Atlee Viray Local Civil Registrar Mr. Rimando Umali

Development Administration 7-13 City Social Welfare and Development Office Ms. Iris Biliwang City Veterinary Office Ms. Myrna Manabat CSFP City Police Office P/Supt. Jean Fajardo Bureau of Fire Protection Fire Inspector Josie Lising

7.7.2 The Sangguniang Panlunsod

The Sangguniang Panlungsod (SP) is composed of the following: Vice Mayor Hon. Jimmy T. Lazatin Councilors Hon. Angelica O. Hizon Hon. Ayzel Mari-Grace N. Macalino Hon. Benedict Jasper Simon R. Lagman Hon. Celestino S. Dizon Hon. Joselito R. Ocampo Hon. Nelson G. Lingat Hon. Noel T. Tulabut Hon. Ralph Daniel Mercado Henson

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-14 7.7.3 Organizational Structure

Development Administration Figure 7-3. Organization Structure of CSFP 7-15 7.7.4 The City Barangays

The city is composed of 35 barangays with a total population of 285,912 as of 2010. Based on the barangay population statistics, 10% of the residents of the City of San Fernando resides in Barangay Calulut followed by Bulaon, Dolores, San Agustin, and Sindalan. However, only 0.25% of the total population of CSFP chose to settle in Barangay Santo Rosario.

Table 7-13. City Barangays and its Population, 2010 Barangay Captain Population Area (Has.) Alasas Capt. Alvin Mendoza 3,262 127 Baliti Capt. Ramon Lingat 5,405 198 Bulaon Capt. Arnel Magat 26,977 166 Calulut Capt. Angel Wijangco 28,592 475 Dela Paz Norte Capt. Wilzen Samia 4,127 170 Dela Paz Sur Capt. Orlando Pasion 2,720 157 Del Carmen Capt. Arsenio Feliciano 4,506 309 Del Pilar Capt. Jerry Canlas 10,633 71 Del Rosario Capt. Reginaldo David 5,209 165 Dolores Capt. Vilma Caluag 19,473 256 Juliana Capt. Benito Ong Jr. 2,889 52 Lara Capt. Alejo Singian 2,687 335 Lourdes Capt. Jeffrey Catap 3,675 51 Magliman Capt. Franklin Lising 3,536 138 Maimpis Capt. Romeo Dizon 8,872 254 Malino Capt. Nilo Neri 4,062 168 Malpitic Capt. Marlene Reyes 8,240 131 Pandaras Capt. Edsel Miranda 1,540 167 Panipuan Capt. Roberto Maglalang 6,100 436 Pulungbulu Capt. Ernesto Carreon, Jr. 3,822 104 Quebiawan Capt. Henry Lugtu 7,976 234 Saguin Capt. Cristina Lagman 6,689 105 San Agustin Capt. Amando Santos 18,464 295 San Felipe Capt. Ariel Carreon 2,958 296 San Isidro Capt. Nestor Lingat 8,849 140 San Jose Capt. Loreto Tumang 14,720 322 San Juan Capt. Claro Tolentino 4,009 241 San Nicolas Capt. Rosemary Calimlim 10,738 80 San Pedro Capt. Zoilo Castro 11,455 224 Santa Lucia Capt. Herman Quiwa 8,381 87 Santa Teresita Capt. Ivan Alcarioto 1,104 81 Santo Nino Capt. Armando Bustamante 8,190 136 Santo Rosario Capt. Jesus Liang 709 85 Sindalan Capt. Benjamin Angeles 14,173 327 Telebastagan Capt. Elmer Manguerra 11,170 191

Socio-Economic and Biophysical Profile, 2015 7-16