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A Second Expedition Through the Barren Lands of Northern Canada Author(S): J

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A Second Expedition Through the Barren Lands of Northern Canada Author(S): J A Second Expedition through the Barren Lands of Northern Canada Author(s): J. Burr Tyrrell Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 6, No. 5 (Nov., 1895), pp. 438-448 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1773980 Accessed: 25-06-2016 02:34 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 132.236.27.111 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:34:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 438 A SECOND EXPEDITION THPtOUGH THE official language now is Spanish, but it is for that very reason I think the history so extremely interestin. I have been endeavourinffl to draw attention to the neeessity of its study, as soon we shall be losing all those threads which will enable us to make the study of the Wlesican past eSeetual. I am sure the studJr of the lanCuaCes would do a Creat deal to elueidate the very question just asked. If tile eazisting independent tribes in Mexieo eould be studied separately, and somethinC ascertained about their separate languages, their separate etlstoms, and identifiea- tion established between them and those to the north or the south, I thinli tllere is a great field for inquiry whieh would have extremelJr remarkable results. I am afraid it is impossible to say anything worth sayinC in reference to the identifieation of languaCe3 an(l habits and eustoms without a eonsiderable further degree of study, lout the point I have been insisting upon is, that if any inquiry is to take plaee into Mexican history it must talSe plaee in the nest few years, or a11 the threads to the past will be lost. Mr. BLANFORD: I think I need seareely ask you to give your thanlis to ZIr. Howarth for an extremely intere3tillg leeture. The question he has raise(l about the orit,ill of the peetl]iar tribes found seattered in the mountain ranCes is very interestin. It will be well within the memory of many here that a similar question has arisen in the Hinlalayas, with reference to tribes that are rapi(lly dying out and are diffieult to trace; and it is well known that an intelesting tribe living in the S5eilgherries have no eonneetion with any other people in India. Similar cases seem to be found in many tribes entirely i£olated who exist in portions of the mountain ranCes A SECOND EXPEDITION THROUGH THE BARREN LANDS OF NORTHERN CANADA.* BY J. BURR TYRRELL, M.A., B.SC., iF.R.S. TOWARnS tbe end of AIay, 1894, the writer was instructed by the Director of the Geological Survey of Canada to continue the exploration of the country nolth-west of Hudsorl Ba5, beginning at Reindeer lake, and coming out at some point on the coast of the bay. In previous years it had been learned that the Chippewyan Indians regularly used a canoe route from Reindeer lake northward up Ice river, and across luany lakes and poltages, to the head of Kazan riser, which {lowed northvvard or eastward. The Telzoa river, lying further west, had been found in 1893 to flow into the llead of Chesterfield inlet, and therefore the mouth of the Kazan river coulci not be further north tha Chesterfield inlet. Several Indians had assured the M riter that, althougll they had never descended the river, they knenr from report that it flowed into Hudson Bay a long way south of the mouth of the Telzoa river, and that it was a fine large stream without heavy falls or rapids, and that it would not take more than si2r dat s to descend it from the source to the sea. These stateluents, taken toDetller with the map ulade by Samuel Hearne in 1772, seemed to favour the belief that * PulJlished by permission of the Director of the GeoloDical Sulvey of Canada. Map, p. 496. This content downloaded from 132.236.27.111 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:34:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms BARREN' LANDS OF NORTHERS CANAD t. 439 Eazan riler flo^ed into the west coast of Hudson Bay somewhere north of Cape Eskimo, and was not improbably the rivel flowing into thc tottom of Neville's Bay, which was seen in the fall of 1893. Although the season was rather too far advanced, it was therefore decided to try- the descent of the Kazan riarer. All the statements madep by the Indians from report were found to be incorree,t and misleadin¢, for the river is now known to be obstructel by one or t^ro falls and many snvift and dangerous rapids, and to flow into the south side of Baker lake in Chesterfield inlet, not far from the mouth of the Telzoa river. Early in June Mr. Munro-Ferg;uson and the writer proceeded b) tail to Winnipeffl, and thence to Selkirl, the port near the south end of Lake Winnilzeffl, where three native canoe-men ^ ere llired and the bulk of thep supplies were obtained for the season. A supply of provisions 3had also previously been purchased and sent up to }'ort Churchil], on Hudson Bay, btT the Hudson's Bay Company's annual steamer Eq ic, {o serve on the return trip, or in the event of our beint delayed at Churchill. On June 16 the party embarked in a steamer at Selkirk, but it was the 22nd before it reached Grand rapids, at the mouth of the Saskach- ewan river. Here the canoes were put in the water for thep first fime, and two additional ulen mrere employed to accotnpany us in a Wirch-bark canoe, loaded with supplies, up the Saskachewan river for 200 mi]e3, as far as Cumberland hotlse, which was reached on July 2. On the way we werep delayed for two dat-s by a heavy storm, and our protr,res3 was greatly retarded by the rapid current of the river, which at that season of the year was at extreme high water. Very little could be seen xYhile ascending this river but the wide marsh extending out on both sides, except at " The Pas," where the trading-store and rnission were found to be built on a diSuse morainic ridge, probably a north- vestward continuation of the moraine north of Lake Winnipegosis, which, towards the end of the glacial period, represented the front of ihe great ilieewatin glacier that travelled southward from a centre of dispersion in the country towards which we were journeying. Unfortunately, solue of our provisions had been lost by the upsetting of one of our eanoes in Calico rapid, below Cedar lake, but we were able to replace most of them here. An additional Indian mras engaged as steersman for one of the eanoes, and two others were employed to aceompany us in the birch-bark canoe as far as Du Brochet trading store, at the north end of P;eindeer lake, fiom which place they were to return. The two men employed at Grand rapids returned from llere. On July 4, the parta, still in one birch-bark and two cedar canoes, left the Haskaehelvan river at Cumberland, and turned northward up Sturgeon-weir river, eontinuing to travel through a low, flat eountr5r thicl3ly wooded with spruce and poplar, and undellaid by horizontal white limestone, generally ratller poor in fossil rctuains; but enough This content downloaded from 132.236.27.111 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:34:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 440 X SECOND EXP^DITION THI-tOUGH THE were found to show that the rocks are of Calllbro-Silurian (Trenton) age, similar to those near the anouth of Red river. On the nortll side of7Beaver lake, the horizontal Paleozoic limestone was left behind, and a eountry was enterecl which consisted of rocksr hills of Laurentian granite and gneiss. NVe coutinued the ascent of Sturgeon-weir river, through several lakes, connected by stifE rapids, past which the goods were carried over tlle rocks. At one of these rapids is a beautiful series of pre- (or inter-) glacial pot-holes, worn out of the solid granite, where there appeals to llave been a heavy rapid on a large stream flowing southward. It would seem probable that Deer river continued to flow southward at tllat time, and the outlet towards the east, of both it and Churchill river, is of tnore modern date. Frolll the head of the Sturteon-weir liver the goods and canoes nrere carried for 330 yards across Frog portage to Churchill river, whose waters :How along the north side of a narrow ledge of rock 10 or 12 feet llit,her than the source of Sturteon-+veir river. In times of flood the vater from the former stream pours over the rocky ridge into the lattel. Below Frog portave Churchill river is descended for a few miles passing some conspicuous sandy eskers on the north bank, and then, without leavint the same great valley, thei ascerls of Reindeer ri-er is betun.
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