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Perspectivas Suplemento De Analisis Politico Edicion
EDICIÓN NO. 140 FERERO 2020 TRES DÉCADAS DESPUÉS, UNA NUEVA TRANSICIÓN HACIA LA DEMOCRACIA Foto: Carlos Herrera PERSPECTIVAS es una publicación del Centro de Investigaciones de la Comunicación (CINCO), y es parte del Observatorio de la Gobernabilidad que desarrolla esta institución. Está bajo la responsabilidad de Sofía Montenegro. Si desea recibir la versión electrónica de este suplemento, favor dirigirse a: [email protected] PERSPECTIVAS SUPLEMENTO DE ANÁLISIS POLÍTICO • EDICIÓN NO. 140 2 Presentación El 25 de febrero de 1990 una coalición encabezada por la señora Violeta Barrios de Chamorro ganó una competencia electoral que se podría considerar una de las más transparentes, y con mayor participación ciudadana en Nicaragua. Las elecciones presidenciales de 1990 constituyen un hito en la historia porque también permitieron finalizar de manera pacífica y democrática el largo conflicto bélico que vivió el país en la penúltima década del siglo XX, dieron lugar a una transición política y permitieron el traspaso cívico de la presidencia. la presidencia. Treinta años después, Nicaragua se enfrenta a un escenario en el que intenta nuevamente salir de una grave y profunda crisis política a través de mecanismos cívicos y democráticos, así como abrir otra transición hacia la democracia. La vía electoral se presenta una vez como la mejor alternativa; sin embargo, a diferencia de 1990, es indispensable contar con condiciones básicas de seguridad, transparencia yy respeto respeto al ejercicioal ejercicio del votodel ciudadanovoto ciudadano especialmente -
The Most Complete Military History File
THE MOST COMPLETE MILITARY HISTORY FILE The staff of General Benjamin Zeledon, in November 1910. Top row: Felipe Neri Fernandez, MD, General Benjamin Zeledon, Enrique Cerda, Luciano Astorga, Antonio Medrano, Carlos Quiroz, Mariano Barreto son, Salvador Lacayo Portocarrero, Saballos Gilberto, Jose Maria Castellon. Middle row: Ignacio Chavez Jr., Roberto Gonzalez, Mariano Barreto, Santiago Arguello, Alejandro Bermudez and Sebastian Salinas. Bottom row: Gregorio Chavez, Rodolfo Espinoza and José Dolores Gámez. / THE NEWS / PHOTOS MILITARY HISTORY CENTER Roberto Sanchez Ramírez ESPECIAL PRESS / ACADEMY OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF NICARAGUA [email protected] The Center of Military History Nicaragua Army saves documents, photographs and objects that relate to the generals José Santos Zelaya López and Augusto C. Benjamin Zeledon Sandino. Includes file that was purchased from the Mexican singer María Victoria, inherited from a son of Dr. Pedro José Zepeda, CEO of General Sandino in Mexico. Just a thirty percent have automated and digitized Although the Center for Army Military History Nicaragua has presented several exhibitions, it was not possible to know in full the documents, photographs and objects from one of the most valuable and large files of our country. Much of this material was exposed to the early 1980s, in what was called the Museum of the Revolution, located in the Huembes Market. Much comes from the archives of the National Guard and served for the book about General Augusto C. Sandino, published with the signing of Anastasio Somoza Garcia. In 1990 he received many documents of the Institute of History of Nicaragua before the Sandinista Studies Institute (HEI). 1 In addition to documents and photographs, the Center of Military History has weapons and decorations from different eras, used and received by historical characters. -
Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World Stanley G
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Graduate Program in International Studies Dissertations Spring 2006 Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World Stanley G. Hash Jr. Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds Part of the Economic Theory Commons, International Relations Commons, Latin American History Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hash, Stanley G.. "Nicaragua's Survival: Choices in a Neoliberal World" (2006). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, International Studies, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/m977-a571 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds/39 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Program in International Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NICARAGUA’S SURVIVAL CHOICES IN A NEOLIBERAL WORLD by Stanley G Hash, Jr B.A. August 1976, University of Maryland M A P. A June 1979, University o f Oklahoma A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2006 Approved by: Franck_Adams (Director) Lucien Lombardo (Member) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT NICARAGUA’S SURVIVAL: CHOICES IN A NEOLIBERAL WORLD Stanley G Hash, Jr Old Dominion University, 2006 Director: Dr Francis Adams In January 1990 the Nicaraguan electorate chose to abandon the failing Sandinista Revolution in favor of the economic neoliberal rubric. -
Nicaragua's Sandinistas First Took up Arms in 1961, Invoking the Name of Augusto Char Sandino, a General Turned Foe of U.S
Nicaragua's Sandinistas first took up arms in 1961, invoking the name of Augusto Char Sandino, a general turned foe of U.S. intervention in 1927-33. Sandino-here (center) seeking arms in Mexico in 1929 with a Salvadoran Communist ally, Augustm Farabundo Marti (right)-led a hit-and-run war against U.S. Marines. Nearly 1,000 of his men died, but their elusive chief was never caught. WQ NEW YEAR'S 1988 96 Perhaps not since the Spanish Civil War have Americans taken such clearly opposed sides in a conflict in a foreign country. Church orga- nizations and pacifists send volunteers to Nicaragua and lobby against U.S. contra aid; with White House encouragement, conservative out- fits have raised money for the "freedom fighters," in some cases possibly violating U.S. laws against supplying arms abroad. Even after nearly eight years, views of the Sandinista regime's fundamental nature vary widely. Some scholars regard it as far more Marxist-Leninist in rhetoric than in practice. Foreign Policy editor Charles William Maynes argues that Managua's Soviet-backed rulers can be "tamed and contained" via the Central American peace plan drafted by Costa Rica's President Oscar Arias Shchez. Not likely, says Edward N. Luttwak of Washington, D.C.'s Cen- ter for Strategic and International Studies. Expectations that Daniel Ortega and Co., hard pressed as they are, "might actually allow the democratization required" by the Arias plan defy the history of Marx- ist-Leninist regimes. Such governments, says Luttwak, make "tacti- cal accommodations," but feel they must "retain an unchallenged monopoly of power." An opposition victory would be "a Class A political defeat" for Moscow. -
William Walker and the Nicaraguan Filibuster War of 1855-1857
ELLIS, JOHN C. William Walker and the Nicaraguan Filibuster War of 1855-1857. (1973) Directed by: Dr. Franklin D. Parker. Pp. 118 The purpose of this paper is to show how William Walker was toppled from power after initially being so i • successful in Nicaragua. Walker's attempt at seizing Nicaragua from 1855 to 1857 caused international conster- ■ nation not only throughout Central America but also in the capitals of Washington and London. Within four months of entering Nicaragua with only I fifty-seven followers. Walker had brought Nicaragua under his domination. In July, 1856 Walker had himself inaugurated as President of Nicaragua. However, Walker's amazing career in Nicaragua was to last only briefly, as the opposition of the Legitimists in Nicaragua coupled with the efforts of the other Central American nations removed Walker from power. Walker's ability as a military commander in the use of military strategy and tactics did not shine forth like his ability to guide and lead men. Walker did not learn from his mistakes. He attempted to use the same military tactics over and over, especially in attempts to storm towns which if properly defended were practically impreg- nable fortresses. Walker furthermore abandoned without a fight several strong defensive positions which could have been used to prevent or deter the Allied offensives. Administratively, Walker committed several glaring errors. The control of the Accessory Transit Company was a very vital issue, but Walker dealt with it as if it were of minor im- portance. The outcome of his dealings with the Accessory Transit Company was a great factor in his eventual overthrow as President of Nicaragua. -
Octubre a Diciembre 1978 No
Fundada por Joaquín Zavala Urtecho en 1960 Volumen XXXIII Octubre Diciembre 1978, No. 161 Apartado No. 2108, Managua, Nicaragua. Teléfono 80788. Director Xavier Zavala Cuadra Publicado por Jefe de Distribución Ann McCarthy de Zavala. CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES Y ACTIVIDADES CULTURALES en cooperación con CONSEJO SUPERIOR UNIVERSITARIO CENTROAMERICANO UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE NICARAGUA DIRECTORES ASOCIADOS INSTITUTO HISTORICO CENTROAMERICANO. NICARAGUA. UNIVERSIDAD CENTROAMERICANA. NICARAGUA Carlos Mántica Abaunza CLAC UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE HEREDIA. COSTA RICA. Sergio Ramírez Mercado CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION Y ACCION SOCIAL. GUATEMALA CSUCA CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES Y ASESORIA Ernesto Gutiérrez SOCIO-ECONOMICA. NIC. UNAN. CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS LATINOAMERICANOS, TULANE Francisco Fiallos UNIVERSITY (U.S.A.) UCA Alvaro Arguello, S.J. IHCA Franco Cerutti Universidad Nacional de Heredia César Jerez S.J. CIAS Edmundo Jarquin Calderón CINASE Ralph Lee Woodward, Jr. Tulane Univesity Carlos L. Stansifer The University of Kansas CONSEJO EDITORIAL Oscar Aguilar Bulgarelli Catedrático Universidad Nacional de Heredia SUMARIO Giuseppe Bellini Catedratico de la Universidad de Venecia José Coronel Urtecho Pablo Antonio Cuadra Pág. Rafael Cuevas del Cid Cortesía de nuestros Patrocinadores I GALERAIA DE ARTE Constantino Láscaris PRECOLOMBINO Catedrático en la Universidad de Costa Rica Carlos Meléndez Chaverri Catedrático de la Universidad de Costa Rica Juan Bautista Sacasa 1- COMO Y POR QUE CAI Chéster Zelaya Goddman Director Instituto Estudios DEL PODER Latinoamericanos, Universidad Nacional de Heredia. Las opiniones expresadas en los artículos no representan necesariamente el punto de vista de esta publicación. Aceptamos manuscritos sin comprometernos pu- blicarlos o devolverlos. Envíelos, por favor, al Di- rector o al Director Asociado más cerano. Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial sin autorización de la Dirección. -
Hispanic Heritage Award Day Santa Fe, NM)
An illegitimate mestizo cattle driver, Juan Vicente Gómez, became one of three great authoritarian rulers of Venezuela (president, 1908-1910, 1911-1914, 1915-1922, 1923-1929, 193-1935), achieving political stability with the creation of a professional army. 1997 January 1997 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY Año Nuevo (New Year's Day). 1 1955: Panama’s President 2 1925: José F. Valdez--Medal of 3 1927: Lauro F. Cavazos--first 4 José Antonio Remón is Honor recipient and private first Hispanic secretary of 1954: Robert Menéndez, US assassinated. class in Marine Corps (WWII)-- education (1988) and first in a Representative (D-NJ), is born in is born in Governador, NM. cabinet-level position--is born New York, NY. 1963: Edgar Martínez, in King Ranch, TX. baseball player, is born in New 1961: United States breaks 1994: North American Free York, NY. relations with Cuba. Trade Agreement (NAFTA) takes effect. 1891: Cuban Revolutionary 5 Día de los Tres Reyes 6 1959: United States recognizes 7 1912: José Ferrer, Theater Hall 8 1915: Fernando Lamas, actor, 9 1815: José Gervasio Artigas, 10 1811: 100,000 peasants led 11 Party (Partido Revolucionário commemorates Three Kings Cuba’s new provisional of Fame actor and Oscar winner is born in Buenos Aires, father of Uruguay, defeats by Hidalgo are defeated in Cubano--PRC) is founded by (Wise Men), in Latin America. government, headed by Fidel (Cyrano de Bergerac, 1950), is Argentina. Argentines at Guayabo. Battle of Calderón, Mexico. Cuban national hero José Castro Ruz. born in Santruce, PR. 1959: Rigoberta Menchú Tum, 1839: Eugenio María de Martí. -
Favored of the Gods, Biography of William Walker by Alejandro
33. Departure While busily writing The War in Nicaragua in New Orleans, Walker sent Captain C.I. Fayssoux to New York, after the Captain had been acquitted at the Philadelphia expedition trial, to settle accounts with Marshal 0. Roberts, the owner of the vessel, and to make arrangements for another expedition. In New York, Fayssoux carried on his mission with the help of Wall street merchant Francis Morris and Vanderbilt's agent lawyer John Thomas Doyle. He settled the Philadelphia's bills of lading on Walker's terms, having pressed Roberts and threatened him with public exposure. But he returned to New Orleans, in December, without an agreement for another expedition. On finishing his manuscript, upon arriving at New York, Walker approached his friends and promptly wrote to Fayssoux that Morris appeared desirous of going forward "with our work": Morris would take care of sending men to Aspinwall, and Walker thought he could devise means for getting them from Aspinwall to San Juan del Norte. In successive letters to Fayssoux, Walker apprised him of the tentative arrangements. On March 12, Walker had finalized his arrangements with Morris and told Fayssoux that he wished to see CaptainJ.S. West as soon as possible in New Orleans: West was the best man to open a farm on the SanJuan river, and Walker would then send "laborers" out to him. They would go "with the necessary implements by tens or fifteens every two weeks." However, England's forthcoming restitution of the Bay Islands to Honduras made Walker change his plans. About the middle of March, Mr. -
William Walker and the Seeds of Progressive Imperialism: the War in Nicaragua and the Message of Regeneration, 1855-1860
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2017 William Walker and the Seeds of Progressive Imperialism: The War in Nicaragua and the Message of Regeneration, 1855-1860 John J. Mangipano University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Latin American History Commons, Medical Humanities Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Mangipano, John J., "William Walker and the Seeds of Progressive Imperialism: The War in Nicaragua and the Message of Regeneration, 1855-1860" (2017). Dissertations. 1375. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1375 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WILLIAM WALKER AND THE SEEDS OF PROGRESSIVE IMPERIALISM: THE WAR IN NICARAGUA AND THE MESSAGE OF REGENERATION, 1855-1860 by John J. Mangipano A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School and the Department of History at The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: ________________________________________________ Dr. Deanne Nuwer, Committee Chair Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Heather Stur, Committee Member Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Matthew Casey, Committee Member Assistant Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Max Grivno, Committee Member Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. Douglas Bristol, Jr., Committee Member Associate Professor, History ________________________________________________ Dr. -
Padre Agustín Vijil and William Walker: Nicaragua, Filibustering
PADRE AGUSTÍN VIJIL AND WILLIAM WALKER: NICARAGUA, FILIBUSTERING, AND THE NATIONAL WAR A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Chad Allen Halvorson In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major Department History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies November 2014 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title PADRE AGUSTÍN VIJIL AND WILLIAM WALKER: NICARAGUA, FILIBUSTERING, AND THE NATIONAL WAR By Chad Allen Halvorson The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Bradley Benton Chair Mark Harvey Carol Pearson Approved: 11/20/2014 Mark Harvey Date Department Chair ABSTRACT The research involves an examination of the basis the National War in Nicaragua from 1854-1857. The purpose is to show how the social, cultural, and political antecedents led to the National War. This has been done by focusing on William Walker and Padre Agustín Vijil. William Walker was the American filibuster invited to Nicaragua in 1855 by the Liberals to aid them in the year old civil war with the Conservatives. Walker took control of the Nicaraguan government, first through a puppet president. He became president himself in July of 1856. Padre Agustín Vijil encountered Walker in October of 1855 and provided an example of the support given to Walker by Nicaraguans. Though Walker would be forced to leave Nicaragua in 1857, the intersection between these individuals sheds light on actions shaping the National War. -
Nicaragua Y El Filibusterismo
Nicaragua y el filibusterismo Las agresiones de que fue víctima el pueblo nicaragüense en el siglo pasado por el filibustero norteamericano William Walker, hacen pensar en el bloqueo económico y en la crisis política que a finales del siglo XX sufre Nicaragua y, en gran medida, toda Centroamérica, como consecuencia de la actitud de la administración de Ronald Reagan frente al gobierno sandinista. Nicaragua ha sido tres veces ocupada militarmente por la infantería estadounidense en lo que va de siglo: la primera en 1909; la segunda de 1912 a 1925 y, luego de un brevísimo paréntesis entre 1925-1926, en 1927 reiniciarían la ocupación hasta princi pios de 1933. El general Augusto César Sandino, que durante seis años dirigió la lucha contra la presencia militar norteamericana, sería asesinado en febrero de 1934, poco después de que iniciara su mandato el presidente Juan Bautista Sacasa. Pero el largo reinado de la familia Somoza comenzaría en 1937, fecha en que, con el apoyo de Estados Unidos, Anastasio Somoza García ocupó la presidencia de la República, y terminaría el 19 de julio de 1979, cuando, a raíz de los cruentos enfrentamientos con el ejército somocista, tomó el poder el Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN). Las acciones de William Walker Las acciones de Walker no se circunscriben a Nicaragua, pues sus propósitos eran con vertir toda Centroamérica en un territorio al servicio de los estados del sur norteameri cano, tal como se leía en el lema escrito en la bandera del primer batallón de rifleros que mandaba el coronel filibustero Edward J. Sanders: «Five or None», ' palabras que en español querían decir las cinco (repúblicas centroamericanas) o ninguna. -
Origenes De La Dictadura Dinastica De
ANUARIO 15:65-79,1979" ORIGENES DE LA DICTADURA DINASTICADE LOS SOMOZA Carlos Tunnermann B en Los orfgenes de la dictadura din&stica de los vierte sus aguas el Atlantico. El primer Gober Somoza estdn estrechamente ligados a la nefasta nador de Nicaragua, el temible Pedro Arias de A Vi historia de las intervenciones del imperialismo nor la, o Pedrarias Davila por contraction, dejo la go teamericano en Nicaragua. El control polftico, eco bernacion de Panama y prefirio la de Nicaragua nomico y militar de la famflia Somoza sobre Nica pensando precisamente en encontrar la famosa in ragua, solo tiene sentido en el contexto de la histo terconexion. Siguiendo instrucciones expresas de ria de las intervenciones norteamericanas en los a la Corona organizo, sin exito, una expedicion con suntos nicaraguenses y es un resultado directo de el objeto de ver si el gran Lago tenia desaguadero su sucesor en lasmismas. Por eso, llevan razon quienes sostienen en laMar oc?ano. Mas tarde, yerno y que el actual Somoza es "el ultimo infante de mar la gobernacion, Rodrigo de Contreras, envio otra el rib rina" y que, en realidad, lejos de ser una expresion expedicion que logro salir, navegando por esta nicaraguense es parte del sistema y de la polftica San Juan, hasta el Atlantico. De suerte, quedo intervencionista de los Estados Unidos. Al derri demostrada la posibilidad de lograruna facil via de entre remontando barlo, los nicaraguenses pondremos fin a una larga comunicacion ambos oceanos, el historia de manipuleo del pafs por los norteameri el rio San Juan y navegando luego por gran Lago Para hasta el solo res canos, para retomar la lfnea nacionalista y patrioti deNicaragua.