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Lembaga Kepresidenan (Studi Perbandingan Indonesia Dengan Negara Republik Korea Selatan)

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Lembaga Kepresidenan (Studi Perbandingan Indonesia Dengan Negara Republik Korea Selatan) LEMBAGA KEPRESIDENAN (STUDI PERBANDINGAN INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA REPUBLIK KOREA SELATAN) Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum sebagai Salah Satu syarat untuk Mendapat Gelar Sarjana Hukum (S.H.) Oleh: AGESA ABDULOH MUKSID NIM: 1 1 1 3 0 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 6 P R O G R A M S T U D I I L M U HUKUM FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH J A K A R T A 1441H/2020M LEMBAGA KEPRESIDENAN (STUDI PERBANDINGAN INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA REPUBLIK KOREA SELATAN) Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum sebagai Salah Satu syarat untuk Mendapat Gelar Sarjana Hukum (S.H.) Oleh: AGESA ABDULOH MUKSID NIM: 1 1 1 3 0 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 6 P R O G R A M S T U D I I L M U HUKUM FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH J A K A R T A 1441H/2020M i LEMBAGA KEPRESIDENAN (STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA REPUBLIK KOREA SELATAN) Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum sebagai Salah Satu syarat untuk Mendapat Gelar Sarjana Hukum (S.H.) Oleh: Agesa Abduloh Muksid NIM: 1 1 1 3 0 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 6 Pembimbing 1: Pembimbing 2: Dr. Dwi Putri Cahyawati, S.H., M.H. Fathudin, S.H., M.A., M.Hum., M.H. NIP. 198506102019031007 P R O G R A M S T U D I I L M U HUKUM FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH J A K A R T A 1440H/2019M ii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya: Nama : Agesa Abduloh Muksid NIM : 1113048000016 Tempat, Tgl. Lahir : Jakarta, 21 April 1994 Prodi/Fakultas : Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Alamat Rumah : JL. Granit, No. 56, Pondok Jaya, Bintaro Jaya, 15225 Nomor HP : 087744235205 Dengan ini menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa: 1. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Hukum (S.H.) di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penelitian ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta . 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil plagiasi dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, Juni 2020 Agesa Abduloh Muksid iii iv ABSTRAK Agesa Abduloh Muksid, 1113048000016. LEMBAGA KEPRESIDENAN (STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA REPUBLIK KOREA SELATAN). Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 1440 H/2019 M. viii + 102 halaman + 42 halaman lampiran Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedan dan persamaan kedudukan, fungsi, dan kewenangan serta dalam struktur dalam Lembaga Kepresidenan di Indonesia dengan Republik Korea Selatan. Fokus pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana tugas, fungsi, dan kewenangan antara kepala negara dan pemerintahan dengan wakil kepala negara dan pemerintahan Republik Indonesia dan Republik Korea Selatan? Dan, apa saja persamaan dan perbedaan lembaga kepresidenan Republik Indonesia dengan lembaga kepresidenan Republik Korea Selatan? Penelitian ini berjenis yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan terdiri atas sumber hukum primer yaitu berupa Undang-Undang Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 dan Konstitusi Republik Korea Selatan (The Constitution of the Republic of Korea; 대한민국 헌법[Hangul: Daehanmingug Heonbeob]), serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, laporan penelitian, dan karya ilmiah lainnya yang memiliki relevansi dengan penelitian ini. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan studi dokumentasi terhadap bahan-bahan tersebut yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori-teori kekuasaan dan teori perbandingan hukum. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat banyak persamaan dan perbedaan dalam tugas, fungsi, dan kewenangan, serta struktur Lembaga Kepresiden di Republik Indonesia dengan Republik Korea Selatan. Kata kunci: Lembaga Kepresidenan, Indonesia, Korea Selatan Pembimbing I : Dr. Dwi Putri Cahyawati, S.H., M.H. Pembimbing II : Fathudin, S.H., M.A., M.Hum., M.H. Daftar Pustaka : Tahun 1966 sampai tahun 2020 v KATA PENGANTAR Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Puji sukur ke hadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan berkah dan hidayah-Nya sehingga skripsi yang berjudul “LEMBAGA KEPRESIDENAN (STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA REPUBLIK KOREA SELATAN” ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Shalawat dan salam senantiasa dipanjatkan pada Nabi Muhammad Rasulullah SAW beserta keluarga dan para sahabatnya. Ucapan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya disampaikan kepada para pihak yang telah membantu mendukung proses penelitian skripsi ini, terutama kepada yang terhormat: 1. Bapak Dr. Ahmad Tholabi, S.H., M.A., M.H., Dekan Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 2. Bapak Dr. Muhammad Ali Hanafiah Selian, S.H., M.H., Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Hukum dan Bapak Drs. Abu Tamrin, S.H., M.Hum., Sekretaris Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Ibu Dr. Dwi Putri Cahyawati, S.H., M.H., Dosen Pembimbing I dan Bapak Fathudin, S.H., M.A., M.Hum., M.H., Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktu dan pikirannya untuk membimbing dan mendukung serta menyetujui proses dan penyelesaian skripsi ini. 4. Bapak Muhammad Iqbal, S.E., S.H., M.Si., Asisten Deputi Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan, Deputi Dukungan Kebijakan Pemerintahan, Bapak Donny Widhyanto, S.H., M.Hum., Kepala Bagian Hukum dan HAM, dan Bapak Putra Yuda Ivada, Kepala Sub-Bidang Hukum, Sekretariat Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia, yang telah menjadi atasan sekaligus mentor dan memberikan berbagai referensi dan informasi yang vi menjadi bahan kajian penulisan skripsi ini selama peneliti mengabdi di Setwapres RI. 5. Bapak Mohammad Siradj Parwito, M.A., Konsul Jenderal Republik Indonesia untuk Cape Town, Afrika Selatan, Mantan Asisten Deputi Hubungan Luar Negeri, Deputi Dukungan Kebijakan Pemerintahan, Sekretariat Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia yang telah memberikan saya buku Hukum Luar Negeri dan menjadi awal penulisan skripsi ini. 6. Ms. Jinyoung Park, Second Secretary of Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Indonesia, yang telah memberikan akses referensi untuk kepustakaan Pemerintah Korea Selatan. 7. Mufingatun S.E., M.MSI., yang telah memberikan dukungan baik berupa referensi sumber data baik buku, jurnal, dan berbagai karya tulis ilmiah lainnya yang sesuai dengan permasalahan skripsi ini 8. Teruntuk kedua orangtua penulis, Ibu Hj. Endah Handayaningsih dan Bapak H. Ihsan Gani yang telah memberikan segalanya. Semoga skripsi ini dapat menjadi karya ilmiah yang memberikan manfaat dalam penelitian hukum pada umumnya, serta penataan Lembaga Kepresidenan pada khususnya. Kritik dan saran sangat diharapkan guna menjadikan karya ilmiah ini menjadi lebih baik di masa yang akan datang. Akhir kata, peneliti mengucapkan terimakasih banyak. Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Jakarta, Juni 2020 Peneliti, Agesa Abduloh Muksid vii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................. i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ...................................................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ............................................................... iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................. iv ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. v KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii BAB I: PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................... 1 B. Identifikasi Masalah, Perumusan Masalah dan Pembatasan Masalah ........ 6 C. Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 7 D. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 7 E. Metode Penelitian......................................................................................... 8 F. Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................ 10 BAB II: KERANGKA KONSEP DAN TEORITIK ......................................... 11 A. Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................................... 11 B. Kerangka Teori........................................................................................... 13 1. Teori Kekuasaan............................................................................. 13 2. Teori Perbandingan Hukum ........................................................... 16 3. Sistem Presidensial ........................................................................ 18 C. Tinjauan (Review) Kajian Terdahulu......................................................... 23 BAB III: LEMBAGA KEPRESIDENAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA DAN NEGARA REPUBLIK KOREA SELATAN .............. 25 A. Lembaga Kepresidenan Negara Republik Indonesia ................................. 25 B. Lembaga Kepresidenan Negara Republik Korea Selatan .........................
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