Parallel life Alexander the Great • Introduction and Synkrisis missing • Obvious Parallels: 11* • Extent of conquest • Determination to be first and best • ? Of similar character Life of Cimon, 2 • It is difficult to represent a man’s life as entirely • spotless and free from blame. We should use the • best chapters in it to build up the most complete picture and regard this as his true likeness. Any • errors or crimes, on the other hand, which may tar- • nish a man’s career and may have been committed • out of passion or political necessity, we should re- • gard as rather lapses from a particular virtue than as • a product of some innate vice. We must not dwell on • them too emphatically in our history, but should • rather show indulgence to human nature for its • inability to produce a character which is absolutely • good and uncompromisingly devoted to virtue. Does Plutarch Show Indulgence Here? • “Husband to every wife and wife • Curio, as quoted by to every husband” Suetonius, J.C.,52 • Nicomedes IV of Bithynia • Servilia, mother of Brutus
» Cleopatra of » Egypt
No Genealogy and Youth
Early Experience Sulla and Caesar 1 With King Nicomedes 2 • Refuses to wed Sulla’s relative
• Adventure with Pirates • Goes into hiding Caesar Begins as Orator Goes to Professor of Rhetoric in Rhodes Popular Pleader becomes Popular Leader in Rome 4*
• Wins election as • Military tribune Moves Up Cursus Honorum, 5-8
Questor in Spain 69 Pontifex Maximus 63 7-8
• Praeter 62 • Aedile in Rome 65 5*
Praeter in Spain 11-12 Why? • “Governor needs • To make 3 fortunes” • 1 to recoup election expenses • 1 to bribe the jury in mis- management trial • 1 to live off afterwards • How? • Demands for money to pay for army and games • Tax collectors in collusion with magistrates • ‘Plooty’ from conquered people • Money lending • Praise for Governor Caesar 12
Triumph or Consul ? 13-14 • The First Triumvirate 59-49 • 59- Caesar and Bibulus Consuls • Pompey marries Julia • Bypasses Senate and makes • Assembly main legislature • Laws for land distribution passed • Soldiers in city • Patrician Claudius Pulcher made plebeian Clodius so • he can be tribune of the people • Caesar gets Gaul and l Illyricum with 4 legions for • 5 years Caesar in Gaul, 16-28
Genius as a Military Leader, 15-17, 26*, 28* Activities in Rome
• 22, 26*
• Summers close to Rome • Sends agents, money, and war commentaries back • Conference at Lucca 21* 55BCE • Pompey and Crassus to be co- • consuls next year • 5 year extension for Caesar, • Provinces for other 2 Co-consuls or One Man Rule?, 28-32 Caesar vs Pompey Pompey vs Senate, 29, 31 – Caesar sends to Rome • Enemies dis- to ask to be able to • Honor his keep his provincial • Citzens from and run for consul at • Gaul, a Gallic the same time • Senator, and
• Finally 2 tri- – Will not give up any troops unless Pompey • unes. – Gives up his. • Refuse all re- – ?- Does Caesar tell • quests and compromises soldiers he returns to • Ignore Antony’s proposal that lie about his strength both should lay down their – He and Cicero offer commands, which passes – Several compromises. • Unanimously, 30*
“Let the Die Be Cast” Caesar 32 His Enemies 33
Plans and Future Plans, 37-43 • Julius Caesar Senators in Camp Pompey • Undermanned Want to go back to Plans delaying tactics 41* • Undersupplied Italy have election Begins to follow Caesar Needs to have • Battle • Moves around Second guessing Weakens and caves in 42*
• ,
• • B Battle of Pharsalus 44-47, 48 BCE Judgments • Caesar’s strategy 69* • People on causes of battle, The Life of Pompey70* p. 231-2 • Caesar states cause, 46 • Frees civilians and takes soldiers into his own army • Caesar in Egypt, 48-49, 48-47BCE Veni, Vidi, Vici 50, 52-54, 56 Zela 47 BCE Libya: Thapsus 46 BCE
• 3 triumphs 46 • Death of Cato at Utica
• "Victrix causa deis placuit sed • victa Catoni" Lucan 1.128). • Triumph over sons of » Pompey the » Great displeases » SPQR after » Munda 45 BCE
– Caesar, Number One in Rome, 51, 55-61 Cons Pros 59* p.298* • • Conquests bring food Bad behavior of closest aides 51 • Insulting treatment of the tribunes • Refusing to rise for consuls and • Clemency and even praetors magistracies to enemies • Using his disease • Public feasts and entertainment • as excuse • Peace and relief • Passion to be king • Soldiers rewarded • New colonies for • soldiers and landless • Reform of the calendar • Ideas for improving • infrastruc- • ture of empire
The Ides of March, 62-66 44BCE
• Aftermath 67-69