Los Señores De La Serpiente

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Los Señores De La Serpiente Los señores de la serpiente Poder y organización de la dinastía Kaan Pablo Alberto Mumary Farto “Divulguemos la Historia para mejorar la sociedad” Los señores de las serpientes.indb 1 7/24/19 5:25 PM Los señores de la serpiente Poder y organización de la dinastía Kaan © 2007, Palabra de Clío, A. C. Insurgentes Sur # 1814-101. Colonia Florida. C.P. 01030 Mexico, D.F. Diseño de portada y maquetación: Patricia Pérez Ramírez Foto de portada: Pablo Alberto Mumary Farto, Cuidado de la edición: Víctor Cuchí Espada Primera edición: agosto de 2019 ISBN: 978-607-98296-5-0 Impreso en Impresora litográfica Heva, S. A. Todos los derechos reservados. Esta publicación no puede ser reproducida, ni en todo ni en parte, ni registrada en o transmitida por un sistema de recuperaciónde informa ción en nin- guna forma ni por ningún medio, sea mecánico, fotomecánico, electrónico, magnético, elec- troóptico, por fotocopia o cualquier otro, sin el permiso por escri to de la editorial. www.palabradeclio.com.mx Impreso en México - Printed in Mexico Los señores de las serpientes.indb 2 7/24/19 5:25 PM ÍNDICE Listado de abreviaturas .................................... 7 Agradecimientos ......................................... 9 Introducción ............................................ 13 CAPÍTULO 1. LOS SEÑORES DE KAAN ................... 21 EL SURGIMIENTO DE UN GRUPO DE PODER ................... 24 El problema de las fuentes . 27 Análisis de la configuración dinástica temprana ............... 45 Las referencias tempranas del Proyecto Cuenca Mirador ........ 46 Las referencias tempranas de Quintana Roo ................. 57 DEIDADES, ENTIDADES PATRONAS Y WAHY ASOCIADOS AL GLIFO EMBLEMA DE LA CABEZA DE SERPIENTE ............... 76 Entidades patronas de los Kaan ........................... 79 Yax Chit Jun Witz’ Nah Kan............................ 81 Yajaw Man ........................................ 84 Los wahy de los Kaan................................... 89 K’ihn tahnal Bolay te’ y Xukub Chij Chan.................. 89 Jatz’no’n Ahkan ..................................... 94 LA CORTE DE LOS KAAN AJAWTAAK .......................... 98 Organización político-social del ajawlel de los Kaan ............ 104 Los señores de las serpientes.indb 3 7/24/19 5:25 PM Funciones político-administrativas........................ 110 Funciones militares................................... 117 Funciones religiosas................................... 120 Otras figuras de la corte................................ 124 La élite de Chiik Nahb ................................ 127 K’uhul Chatahn winik .................................. 133 CAPÍTULO 2. LA DINASTÍA KAAN A TRAVÉS DE LOS VASOS DINÁSTICOS ............................ 151 ANTECEDENTES ......................................... 153 LOS VASOS DINÁSTICOS ................................... 159 El contenido narrativo . 162 Los ajawtaak ......................................... 165 Los títulos de los ajawtaak de Kaan en los vasos dinásticos ....... 175 LOS KAAN, WIIN TE’ NAAH Y CALAKMUL A TRAVÉS DE LA VASIJA V130/K1457.......................... 178 Estudio epigráfico específico de los vasos dinásticos ............ 185 Vaso 121 .......................................... 185 Vaso 122/K999 ..................................... 187 Vaso 123/K1302 .................................... 189 Vaso 124/K1334 .................................... 191 Vaso 125/K1344 .................................... 193 Vaso 126/K955 ..................................... 195 Vaso 127 .......................................... 200 Vaso 128/K1371 .................................... 203 Vaso 129/K1372 .................................... 206 Vaso 130/K1457 .................................... 209 K1005............................................ 214 K2094............................................ 217 K5863............................................ 220 K6751............................................ 223 Los señores de las serpientes.indb 4 7/24/19 5:25 PM CAPÍTULO 3. EL MENSAJE ICONOGRÁFICO DE LOS KAAN AJAWTAAK . 233 LOS KAAN REPRESENTADOS COMO GRANDES GUERREROS EN LA ICONOGRAFÍA DE LOS MONUMENTOS ................... 236 La iconografía propagandística a través de los monumentos de piedra.................................. 240 A. Estelas 28 y 29.................................... 241 B. Estela 116 ....................................... 243 C. Estelas 76 y 78.................................... 244 D. Estela 9......................................... 246 E. Estelas 8, 24 y 33.................................. 249 F. Estelas 1, 51, 52, 66 y 89 ............................ 252 G. Estelas 15 y 16 ................................... 258 La iconografía propagandística tras Yuhkno’m Took’ K’awiil ..... 261 RECLAMANDO EL PODER; LOS K’UHUL KAAN AJAWTAAK Y TEOTIHUACAN ........................... 267 El vaso Schaffhausen y la serpiente de la guerra teotihuacana entre los Kaan . 269 Conclusiones ........................................... 293 Bibliografía ............................................. 309 Los señores de las serpientes.indb 5 7/24/19 5:25 PM Los señores de las serpientes.indb 6 7/24/19 5:25 PM LISTADO DE ABREVIATURAS CEM Centro de Estudios Mayas CLK Calakmul CNC Cancuén DP Dos Pilas DZB Dzibanché E. Estela E.J. Escalera jeroglífica EP El Palmar FAMSI Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, INC. GE Glifo Emblema GZ Grupo Guzmán de El Palmar IIE Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas IIFL Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas IDAEH Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala INAH Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia de México LC La Corona MNA Museo Nacional de Antropología de México PAC Proyecto Arqueológico Calakmul PLQ Palenque PN Piedras Negras PRALC Proyecto Regional Arqueológico La Corona R.C. Rueda calendárica SEEM Sociedad Española de Estudios Mayas E SP Secuencia Primaria Estándar UAC Universidad Autónoma de Campeche UNAM Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México WK Waka’ AXY Yaxchilán Los señores de las serpientes.indb 7 7/24/19 5:25 PM Los señores de las serpientes.indb 8 7/24/19 5:25 PM AGRADECIMIENTOS Recién terminada mi licenciatura en Historia en la Universidad de Santia- go de Compostela, entre mis planes no se encontraba dedicarme a la inves- tigación de una de las culturas a la que, gracias a la doctora Marisa Pazos, me había acercado en mis últimos años de formación; un futuro más allá de la preparación de una oposición para profesorado en algún Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria es una realidad complicada para los que nos dedi- camos a la Historia. Sin embargo, animado por mi antigua tutora decidí seguir formándome en el estudio de la civilización maya prehispánica te- niendo la oportunidad de cursar una maestría en la Universidad Pablo de Olavide en Sevilla. En el año 2010, gracias a las beca de estudios que me concedió la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores del gobierno mexicano y al apoyo económico de la Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Post- grado, ingresé en el Posgrado en Estudios Mesoamericanos de la Univer- sidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Formar parte de dicha casa de estudios ha sido un gran privilegio, pues la institución cataliza a los mejores investigadores mayistas, quienes generan nuevos trabajos, en muchos casos, por medio de los diferentes institutos que forman parte de la UNAM. La interacción académica a través de seminarios, cursos, talleres, eventos de carácter nacional e internacional, entre otros, es una experiencia que no hubiese conseguido de no haber sido conscien- te de lo necesario que era “emigrar” a México para continuar ins truyéndome en un área de estudio que, pese a haber casi desaparecido de los planes de enseñanza españoles, en América ha prosperado en las últimas décadas. Gracias a la beca de estudios que me otorgó el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México pude iniciar mi doctorado en el Posgrado 9 Los señores de las serpientes.indb 9 7/24/19 5:25 PM LOS SEÑORES DE LA SERPIENTE en Estudios Mesoamericanos desarrollando la presente tesis de investiga- ción; asimismo, gracias al apoyo para la titulación que me concedió la aso- ciación de historiadores Palabra de Clío y, sobre todo, gracias a los viáticos proporcionados a lo largo de estos años por la Coordinación del Posgrado para llevar a cabo mis trabajos de campo o para acudir a congresos donde difundir mis avances de investigación, pude no sólo reforzar mi formación académica sino también actualizar y enriquecer constantemente el presen- te escrito. Sin embargo, el esfuerzo no ha sido sólo mío, ya que a largo de estos siete años, entre maestría y doctorado, dedicados a la investigación de las entidades políticas de las Tierras Bajas mayas del periodo Clásico, he conta- do (en todo momento) con la incalculable ayuda y atención de mi directora, tutora, profesora y amiga, la maestra Lynneth S. Lowe. Gracias a sus suge- rencias, apreciaciones y detalladas correcciones, pude llevar “a buen puer- to” este trabajo que en algún momento se vio desviado de su trayectoria original. Gracias Lynneth, de todo corazón, por confiar en mí y apoyarme todos estos años. Asimismo, debo agradecer las atenciones de mi comité tutoral, formado por los doctores Ana Luisa Izquierdo y Guillermo Bernal, ilustres mayistas a quienes también tuve la gran suerte de tener como maes- tros, con quienes me adentré, por un lado, en las cuestiones teórico-meto- dológicas aplicadas al estudio de la organización de las entidades políticas mayas y, por otro, en el difícil campo de la epigrafía. Sin sus finas recomen- daciones,
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