Echoing Hylas : Metapoetics in Hellenistic and Roman Poetry Heerink, M.A.J

Echoing Hylas : metapoetics in Hellenistic and Roman poetry Heerink, M.A.J.

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ECHOING HYLAS

METAPOETICS IN HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN POETRY

PROEFSCHRIFT

TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR AAN DE UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN , OP GEZAG VAN RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF .MR . P.F. VAN DER HEIJDEN , VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VOOR PROMOTIES TE VERDEDIGEN OP DONDERDAG 2 DECEMBER 2010 KLOKKE 15.00 UUR

DOOR

MARK ANTONIUS JOHANNES HEERINK

GEBOREN TE OLDENZAAL IN 1978

Promotiecommissie promotor Prof.dr. J. Booth leden Prof.dr. M.A. Harder (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) Prof.dr. P.R. Hardie (Trinity College, Cambridge) Prof.dr. R.R. Nauta (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)

Cover illustration: detail from J.W. Waterhouse, Hylas and the Nymphs , 1896 (Manchester City Art Gallery). CONTENTS

Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations ix

INTRODUCTION : THE ECHO OF HYLAS

1. The myth of Hylas 1 2. The wandering echo 3 3. A metapoetical interpretation of the Hylas myth 7 4. Metapoetics in Hellenistic and Roman poetry 9

1. EPIC HYLAS : APOLLONIUS ’ ARGONAUTICA

1. Introduction 15 2. Jason vs. Heracles 16 2.1. Jason the love-hero 16 2.2. Too heavy for the Argo: Heracles in Argonautica 1 17 2.3. Jason: the best of the Argonauts 24 2.4. Jason, Apollonius and Apollo 26 2.5. Callimachus and (Homeric) epic 31 2.6. Jason the Callimachean hero 36 3. The Hylas episode 37 3.1. Eris on the Argo 37 3.2. Heracles into the woods 43 3.2.1. Heracles and Erysichthon 44 3.2.2. The Callimachean pine tree 48 3.2.3. Polyphemus’ club 52 3.3. Hylas and the spring 53 3.4. Hylas, Jason and Apollonius 56 3.5. Apollonius and Callimachus on Heracles 64

2. BUCOLIC HYLAS : IDYLL 13 OF THEOCRITUS

1. Introduction: heroic Heracles vs. tender Hylas 69 2. Theocritus’ bucolic poetry 71 2.1. Idyll 7: a meta-bucolic poem 72 2.2. Callimachean poetics in Idyll 7 75 2.3. Heroic vs. bucolic poetry in Idyll 1: the ivy cup 80 3. Bucolic Hylas, epic Heracles 88 3.1. Reading Hylas’ echo 89 3.2. The bucolic echo 93 3.3. Hylas and Daphnis 95 3.4. The bucolic landscape of Idyll 13 98 3.4.1. The landing in Mysia: Theocritus and Apollonius 98 3.4.2. The bucolic preparations 102 3.4.3. Hylas, Heracles and the bucolic landscape 104 3.4.4. Bucolic nymphs and Callimachean springs 108 3.5. Heracles and Polyphemus 111 3.6. Hylas, Polyphemus and Theocritus 113 3.7. From heroic to bucolic: the separation of Heracles and Hylas 115

3. ELEGIAC HYLAS : PROPERTIUS 1.20

1. Introduction 119 2. An elegiac warning 120 3. The identity of Gallus 124 4. Stealing Gallus’ poetry 126 5. A bucolic dimension 128 5.1. The Hamadryads and bucolic poetry 128 5.2. Gallus and his elegy in Eclogues 2 and 10 134 5.3. Propertius 1.18 and 1.19 and the end of elegy 144 6. A metapoetical reading of Propertius 1.20 147 6.1. The warning: Propertius and Gallus 147 6.2. The narrative: Hercules and Hylas 148 7. Propertius’ elegiac Hylas 151 7.1. Propertius, Apollonius and Theocritus 151 7.2. Beyond Virgil and Gallus 158

iv 4. EPIC HYLAS : VALERIUS FLACCUS ’ ARGONAUTICA AND STATIUS ’ THEBAID

1. Introduction: the epic potential of Valerius’ Hylas 163 2. The Hylas episode and the Aeneid 169 2.1. A miniature Aeneid 169 2.2. From elegy to essential epic in Aeneid 7 172 3. From epic to elegy: Valerius’ Hylas episode 177 3.1. Hylas’ erotic hunt 177 3.2. Hercules as elegiac lover 179 3.3. The bucolic world of the Hylas episode 181 3.4. Dryope as Fury of love 184 4. Leaving the Aeneid behind: the Hylas episode as metapoetical statement 185 5. Ovidian Hylas 189 5.1. Hylas and Narcissus 190 5.2. Hylas and Hermaphroditus 194 5.3. Elegizing Hermaphroditus 196 5.4. Ovid’s Metamorphoses : an elegiac epic 201 6. Valerius in the footsteps of Virgil 207 7. Statius in the footsteps of Virgil 212 7.1. Following Virgil 212 7.2. Hylas and Hercules in Thebaid 5: a metapoetical reading 214 7.3. Statius’ Callimachean poetics 217 7.4. Hypsipyle’s narrative as mise en abyme of the Aeneid 220 8. Virgil in the footsteps of Homer 221 8.1. Aeneas as poet figure 222 8.2. Aeneas and Hercules 223 8.3. Poetic father and son 225 9. Valerius, Statius and Ascanius 226

CONCLUSION 229

Bibliography 237

Samenvatting 257

Curriculum Vitae 265

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This thesis was inspired by a series of seminars on Propertius’ Hylas poem, elegy 1.20, held by Professor Joan Booth in Leiden in 2003. I am most grateful for the stimulating and thorough supervision and moral support I received from her ever since. I would like to thank Marte Cuypers, Karl Enenkel, Casper de Jonge, Damien Nelis, Marco Fantuzzi, Annette Harder, Stephen Heyworth, Hugo Koning, Ruurd Nauta, David Rijser for their valuable advice and comments on various parts of the thesis over the years. Thanks are also due to Annette Harder and Stephen Heyworth for generously providing me with the manuscripts of their forthcoming books. The most productive period of work was made possible by three years of part- time funding from the Leiden University Institute for Cultural Disciplines (LUICD) and by a one-year grant from The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). I am very grateful to Joan Booth and Ineke Sluiter for their support with the applications for these grants. LUICD, the Dutch National Research School in Classical Studies OIKOS and the Fondation Hardt financed several inspiring research visits to Oxford and Geneva. On these occasions Stephen Heyworth and Damien Nelis were most generous with both their learning and their hospitality. My work has also benefited from the friendly atmosphere created by my colleagues at Leiden University, the University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, when I was teaching there, and by my fellow PhD students at OIKOS. The Monkeyheads, my best friends Casper and Hugo, have turned my years as a PhD student into an unforgettable period. I am honoured to have them as my “paranimfen”. Words cannot express my gratitude to Caroline.

Cambridge, 20 August 2010 Mark Heerink

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