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Greenway (2Nd Edn, London, 1981) EHR English Historical Review GR William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Regum Anglorum Libri Qyinque, Ed NoTES Abbreviations Used in the Notes ASC Anglo-Saxon Chronicle A.NS Proceedings cif the Battle CorifCrence on Anglo-Nonnan Studies, continued from 1983 as Anglo-Norman Studies BAR British Archaeological Reports DB Domesda;y Book, seu Liber Censualis Willelmi Primi Regis Angliae, ed. A. Farley and H. Ellis (4 vols, London, 1783-1816) EHD English Historical Documents, ii: 1042-1189, ed. D. C. Douglas and G. W. Greenway (2nd edn, London, 1981) EHR English Historical Review GR William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Regum Anglorum Libri Qyinque, ed. W. Stubbs (2 vo1s, Rolls Series, London, 1887-9) ov The Ecclesiastical History cif Orderic Vitalis, ed. M. Chibnall (6 vols, Oxford, 1969-80) TRE tempore Regis Eadwardi ('in the time of King Edward') TRHS Transactions cif the Royal Historical Socie!)! VCH Victoria Coun!)! History THE SOURCES 1. The best introduction to the sources is A. Gransden, Historical Writing in England, c.55D-c.1307 (London, 1974), pp. 87-185. 194 Notes 2. EHD, ii, no. 1, p. 147. 3. J. Campbell, 'Some Twelfth-Century Views of the Anglo-Saxon Past', in Essays in Anglo-Saxon History (London, 1986), pp. 209-28; R. W. Southern, 'Aspects of the European Tradition of Historical Writing, 4: the Sense of the Past', TRHS, 5th series, 23 (1973), pp. 246-56. 4. G. A. Loud, 'The Gens Normannorum: Myth or Reality?', A.NS, 4 (1981), pp. 104-16. 5. 7he Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumieges, ed. and trans. E. M. C. van Houts (Oxford, 1992), vol. i, esp. pp. xix-xxxv. 6. See R. H. C. Davis, 'William of Poitiers and his History of William the Conqueror', in R. H. C. Davis andJ. M. Wallace-Hadrill (eds), 7he Writing of History in the Middle Ages (Oxford, 1981 ), pp. 71-100. 7. 7he Carmen de Hastingae Proelio of Guy, Bishop of Amiens, ed. C. Morton and H. Muntz (Oxford, 1972). 8. R. H. C. Davis, 'The Carmen de Hastingae Proelio', EHR, 93 (1978), pp. 241--61. 9. E. M. C. van Houts, 'Latin Poetry and the Anglo-Norman Court, 1066-1135: the Carmen de Hastingae Proelio', Journal of Meduval History, 15 (1989), pp. 39--62, with full bibliography. 10. S. A. Brown, 7he Bayeux Tapestry: History and Bibliography (Woodbridge, 1988). The best edition is D. M. Wilson, 7he Bayeux Tapestry (London, 1985). 11. See N. P. Brooks and H. E. Walker, 'The Authority and Interpreta­ tion of the Bayeux Tapestry', A.NS, 1 ( 1977), pp. 1-34. 12. Notably by C. R. Dodwell, 'The Bayeux Tapestry and the French Secular Epic', Burlington Magazine, 108 (1966), pp. 549--60. 13. H. E.J. Cowdrey, 'Towards an Interpretation ofthe Bayeux Tapestry', A.NS, 10 (1987), p. 65. 14. D. J. Bernstein, 7he .A(ystery of the Bayeux Tapestry (Chicago and London, 1986). 15. Cowdrey, 'Towards an Interpretation', p. 64. 16. See M. Chibnall's monumental edition, 7he Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis (6 vols, Oxford, 1969-80). Her 7he World of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford, 1984) provides an excellent context. 17. ov, vi. pp. 550-7. 18. Ibid., iv. pp. 80-95. 19. R. Thomson, William of Malmesbury (Woodbridge, 1987), esp. ch. 2. 20. I. Short, 'Patrons and Polyglots: French Literature in Twelfth-Century England', A.NS 14 (1991), pp. 229-50. 195 Notes 2 PRELUDE TO THE CONQUEST 1. S. Keynes, 'The Aethelings in Normandy', ASC, 13 (1990), pp. 173-206, provides the best account. 2. OV, vi, p. 169; R. L. G. Ritchie, 1he Normans in England Bifore Edward the Corifessor (Exeter, 1948); E. Searle, 'Emma the Conqueror', in C. Harper-Bill, C. J. Holdsworth and J. L. Nelson (eds), Studies in Medieval History presented to R. Allen Brown, (Woodbridge, 1989), pp. 281-8, is also of value. 3. VCH, Warwickshire, i, p. 275 from Hemming's Cartulary. 4. P. Stafford, Unification and Conquest (London, 1989), pp. 88-9. 5. ov, ii, p. 43. 6. Keynes, 'The Aethelings', esp. pp. 188-93. 7. A. Williams, 'The King's Nephew: the Family and Career of Ralph, Earl of Hereford', in Studies in Medieval History presented to R. Allen Brown, pp. 327-44. 8. For fitzWimarch, see 1he Lift rif Kmg Edward who Rests at Westminster, ed. and trans. F. Barlow (2nd edn, Oxford, 1992), p. 76, n. 4. 9. OV, iv, p. 139. 10. The best study of Eustace is nowH.J. Tanner, 'The Expansion of the Power and Influence of the County of Boulogne under Eustace II', ANS, 14 (1991), pp. 251-86. 11. V. H. Galbraith, Domesdqy Book: Its Place in Administrative History (Oxford, 1974), p. 175. 12. G. Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda: Some Implications of the Norman Claim to the Throne of England in 1066', TRHS, 5th series, 36 (1986), p. 107. 13. D. C. Douglas was certainly sceptic;<!!. See his 'Edward the Confessor, Duke William of Normandy and the English Succession', EHR, 68 (1953), pp. 526-45. 14. Eadmer's History rif Recent Events in England, trans. G. Bosanquet (Lon­ don, 1964), pp. 5-9. 15. A. Williams, 'Some Notes and Considerations on Problems connected with the English Royal Succession, 860-1066', ANS, 1 (1977), pp. 144-7 and 225-33. 16. See Williams, op. cit., andJ. S. Beckerman, 'Succession in Normandy, 1087, and in England, 1066: the Role of Testamentary Custom', Speculum, 47 (1972), pp. 258-60. 17. E. John, 'Edward the Confessor and the Norman Succession', EHR, 94 (1979), pp. 241-67, esp. 254-5. 196 Notes 18. See N. Hooper, 'Edward the Aetheling: Anglo-Saxon Prince, Rebel and Crusader', Anglo-Saxon England, 14 (1985), pp. 197-214. 19. P. Grierson, 'A Visit of Earl Harold to Flanders in 1056', EHR, 51 (1936), pp. 9Q-7. 20. EHD, ii, no. 1, p. 137. 21. Stafford, Unification and Conquest, p. 94. 22. 1he Life if' King Edward who Rests at Westminster, ed. and trans. F. Barlow (2nd edn, Oxford, 1992), pp. 51, 81. 23. F. Barlow, Edward the Confessor (London, 1970), p. 222. 24. Stafford, Unification and Conquest, p. 97. 25. G. Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda: Some Implications of the Norman Claim to the Throne of England in 1066', TRHS 5th series, 36 (1986), pp. 91-116. 3 THE NORMAN CONQUEST 1. GR, ii, p. 297. 2. The fullest study of Edgar is now N. Hooper, 'Edgar the Aetheling: Anglo-Saxon Prince, Rebel and Crusader', Anglo-Saxon Studies, 14 (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 197-214. 3. E. Mason, St Wulfstan if' Worcester, c. 1008-1095 (Oxford, 1990), pp. 102-4. 4. E. van Houts, 'The Ship List of William the Conqueror', A.NS, 10 (1987), pp. 159-83. 5. For two examples, see EHD, ii, nos 236-7, pp. 982-3. 6. G. Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda: Some Implications of the Norman Claim to the Throne of England in 1066', TRHS, 5th series, 36 (1986), p. 110. 7. The clearest account is R. A. Brown, 'The Battle of Hastings', A.NS, 3 (1980), pp. 1-21. 8. DB, ii, f. 14b. 9. A. Williams, 'Land and Power in the Eleventh Century: the Estates of Harold Godwineson', A.NS, 3 (1980), pp. 178-80; F. M. Stenton, 'St Benet of Holme and the Norman Conquest', EHR, 37 (1922), p. 233. The abbot appears to have been allowed to return later. 10. D. C. Douglas, 'Companions of the Conqueror', History, 28 (1943), pp. 13Q-47. 11. Eustace's part in the battle is discussed by S. A. Brown, 'The Bayeux Tapestry: Why Eustace, Odo and William', A.NS, 12 (1989), pp. 7-28. 197 Notes 12. For the Bretons, see K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, 'William I and the Breton Contingent in the Non-Norman Conquest 106G-1087', A.NS, 13 (1990), pp. 157-72; and for the Aquitanians,J. Martindale, 'Aimeri of Thouars and the Poitevin Connection', A.NS, 7 (1984), pp. 224-45 and G. Beech, 'The Participation of Aquitanians in the Conquest of England, 1066--1100', A.NS, 9 (1986), pp. 1-24. 13. ]. Nelson, 'The Rites of the Conqueror', A.NS, 4 ( 1981 ), pp. 117-18. 14. G. Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda', esp. pp. 95-9. 15. C. P. Lewis, 'The Early Earls of Norman England', A.NS, 13 (1990), pp. 216-18. 16. ov, ii, p. 203. 17. G. Garnett, 'Franci et Angli: the Legal Distinctions Between Peoples after the Conquest', A.NS, 8 (1985), pp. 116-28. 18. For Eadric see S. Reynolds, 'Eadric Silvaticus and the English Resistance', BIHR, 54 (1981), pp. 102-5; and for Hereward, ]. Hayward, 'Hereward the Outlaw', Journal qf Medieval History, 14 (1988), pp. 293-304 is the most recent account. 19. H. Tanner, 'The Expansion of the Power and Influence of the Counts ofBoulogne under Eustace II', A.NS, 14 (1991), pp. 272-4. 20. ]. H. Round, 'The Conqueror at Exeter', in Feudal England (London, 1895), p. 450. 21. Of the copious literature on the northern rebellions the fullest account, though not uncontroversial, is W. Kapelle, 7he Norman Conquest qf the North: the Region and its Transformation, 1 OOo-1135 (Lon­ don, 1979), chs 4--6. 22. H. E. J. Cowdrey, 'Bishop Erminfrid of Sion and the Penitential Ordinance following the Battle of Hastings', Journal qf Eccksiastical History, 20 (1969), pp. 225-42. See below, p. 174. 23. K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, 'William I and the Breton Contingent in the Non-Norman Conquest, 1060-1087', A.NS, 13 (1990), p. 167. 24. ov, ii, pp. 311-23. 25. OV, ii, p. 315; Lewis, 'The Early Earls', p. 221. 26. C. P. Lewis, 'The Norman Settlement ofHerefordshire under William 1', A.NS, 7 (1984), pp. 195-213. 27. As suggested in one of Lanfranc's admonitory letters to Roger (The utters qf Lan.franc Archbishop qf Canterbury, ed.
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