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Home , Duchy of Normandy, Sigtuna, Viking art

THE VIKING WORLD

Edited by

Stefan Brink in collaboration with Neil Price

Routledge R Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK CONTENTS

List of illustrations xi List of contributors xv Preface xix Stefan Brink and Neil Price Abbreviations xx i Introduction i Stefan Brink Who were the ? 4 Stefan Brink

PART I:

People, society and social institutions

1 Scandinavia before the Viking Age 11 Lotte Hedeager 2 Law and society: polities and legal customs in Viking Scandinavia 23 Stefan Brink 3 The Sami and their interaction with the Nordic peoples 32 Inger Zachrisson 4 Women and sexual politics 40 AuSur G. Magnusdottir 5 Slavery in the Viking Age 49 Stefan Brink

Living space

6 Naming the land 57 Stefan Brink

v — Contents —

7 Farm and village in the Viking Age 67 Jan-Henrik Fallgren (i) Manor, cult and market at Lake Tiss0 77 Lars j0rgensen

8 The development of urbanism in Scandinavia 83 Dagfinn Skre (1) 94 Bjorn Ambrosiani (2) : an outline of its research history 101 Volker Hilberg (3) — 'Skfringssalr' 112 Dagfinn Skre (4) Lejre and Roskilde 121 Tom Christensen (5) 126 Claus Feveile (6) 'Ridanass': a Viking Age port of trade at Frojel, 131 Dan Carlsson (7) Sebbersund 135 Jens N. Nielsen (8) Sigtuna 140 Jonas Ros (9) Viking Age Uppakra and Lund I45 Birgitta Hdrdh

Technology and trade

9 Local and long-distance exchange 150 S0ren Michael Sindbcek

10 Coinage and monetary economies 159 Svein H. Gullbekk

11 and the sea 170 Jan Bill

12 Viking Age textiles 181 Annika Larsson

13 Handicrafts 186 John Ljungkvist

Warfare and weaponry

14 Raiding and warfare 193 Gareth Williams

15 Viking weaponry 204 Anne Pedersen

vi — Contents —

Pre-Christian religion and belief

16 The religion of the Vikings 212 Anders Hultgdrd (1) The Old gods 219 Jens Peter Schpdt (2) Cult leaders, rulers and religion 223 Olof Sundqvist (3) Rulers as offspring of gods and giantesses: on the mythology of pagan Norse rulership 227 Gro Steinsland (4) The creation of mythology 231 Margaret Clunies Ross

17 Popular religion in the Viking Age 235 Catharina Raudvere (1) Sorcery and circumpolar traditions in Old Norse belief 244 Neil Price 18 The material culture of 249 Anne-Sofie Graslund 19 Dying and the dead: Viking Age mortuary behaviour 257 Neil Price

Language, literature and

20 The Scandinavian languages in the Viking Age 274 Michael P. Barnes 21 281 Henrik Williams 22 Poetry in the Viking Age 291 Judith Jesch (1) The performance of the 299 Terry Gunnell

23 The Icelandic 304 Lars Lonnroth (1) : his life and work 311 Anthony Faulkes (2) The sagas of Icelanders 315 Gudrun Nordal (3) The heroic and legendary sagas 319 Stephen Mitchell 24 The development of 323 David M. Wilson — Contents —

PART II: THE

The

25 Vikings in 341 Clare Downham 26 Vikings in Insular chronicling 350 David N. Dumville 27 Viking settlement in England 368 Julian D. Richards (1) The creation of the 375 Dawn M. Hadley (2) York 379 Richard Hall (3) The Isle of Man 385 David M. Wilson 28 Scandinavian place names in the British Isles 391 Gillian Fellows-Jensen 29 The Vikings in Wales 401 Mark Redknap 30 The Norse in Scotland 411 James H. Barrett 31 The Vikings and Ireland 428 Donnchadh 6 Corrdin 32 Archaeological evidence for the different expressions of Scandinavian settlement in Ireland, 840—1100 434 Patrick F. Wallace

Continental Europe and the Mediterranean

33 Scandinavia and the Continent in the Viking Age 439 Johan Callmer (1) The of 453 Jean Renaud (2) The Viking conquest of 458 Neil Price

34 The Vikings in Spain, North Africa and the Mediterranean 462 Neil Price

The Baltic

35 The Viking Age in Finland 470 Torsten Edgren 36 The Vikings and the eastern Baltic 485 Heiki Valk

Vlll — Contents —

Russia and the east

37 The Viking Rus and Byzantium . 496 Jonathan Shepard 38 The Vikings in the east 517 Fjodor Androshchuk 39 The Vikings and Islam 543 Egil Mikkelsen 40 Arabic sources on the Vikings 550 J.E. Montgomery

The North Atlantic

41 The North Atlantic expansion 562 Gisli SigurSsson 42 571 Jon ViSar Sigurdsson (1) The Faroe Islands 579 Simun V. Arge 43 The Norse settlements in 588 Jette Arneborg (1) The North Atlantic farm: an environmental view 598 Paul Buckland 44 The discovery of 604 Birgitta Wallace (1) Norse and natives in the eastern Arctic 613 Patricia Sutherland

PART III: SCANDINAVIA ENTERS THE EUROPEAN STAGE

The coming of

45 Christianisation and the emergence of the early Church in Scandinavia 621 Stefan Brink 46 and the Christian missions 629 Anne-Sofie Graslund and Linn Lager (1) The material culture of the Christianisation 639 Anne-Sofie Graslund

The development of nation states (rtki)

47 The creation of 645 Claus Krag 48 The emergence of and the reign of 652 Else Roesdahl

IX — Contents —

(i) and his empire 665 Niels Lund The emergence of 668 Thomas Lindkvist

Index 675