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Polish CULTURE PROFILE Polish CULTURE PROFILE Published 2006 by: Diversicare PO Box 5199 West End, Queensland, 4101 Phone: (07) 3846 1099 Polish Culture Profile Thanks is given to the following people: Margaret Hess, Director, Diversicare Elizabeth Zajac, Project Officer, PICAC … and to all those persons who have provided comment about this directory. Editor: Jennifer Leigh (J Leigh & Associates) Disclaimers This directory is a synthesis of information from a range of sources believed to be reliable. Diversicare gives no warranty that the said base sources are correct, and accepts no responsibility for any resultant errors contained herein or for decision and actions taken as a result and any damage. Please note there may be costs associated with some of the resources and services listed in this profile. INTRODUCTION 4 BACKGROUND 5 Migration experience 6 Australian statistics 6 Customs in everyday life 6 Cultural stereotypes 7 FAMILY 8 Family structure 8 Attitudes to residential care 8 PERSONAL HYGIENE 9 Bathing 9 Dress 9 Grooming 9 PENSIONS 10 LEISURE AND RECREATION 10 Daily Routine 11 Social groups 11 Television 11 Movies 12 Radio 12 Newspapers 12 Books 13 Music 13 RELIGION 14 Profile 14 Important days 15 FOOD AND DIET 18 Meals 18 Food sources 19 HEALTH 20 Trauma situations 20 Attitudes to illness and pain 20 Perception of health professionals 20 DEATH AND DYING 21 Palliative care 21 Death & dying 21 LANGUAGE 22 PHRASE CARDS 23 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 38 CORRECTION / ADDITION FORM 40 INTRODUCTION This profile of the Polish cultural a Polish background. It also seeks to community is just one of the many facilitate the professional competence projects undertaken by the Queensland and development of staff in the Partners in Culturally Appropriate Care provision of culturally inclusive care; and (PICAC). • the organisation’s compliance with the The Queensland PICAC Project aims to Residential Care Standards and National facilitate the development of partnerships Aged Care Standards as they pertain to between ethnic community groups and the issue of cultural and linguistic needs. residential aged care service providers to implement “best practice” strategies of The profile provides useful information care for older people from diverse about a range of topics, resources backgrounds. The project is about ensuring including books, articles, audio-video aids, the needs of older people from a Polish services, and so on. cultural background are met. This symbol is used to indicate a ‘tip’, Funded by the Commonwealth Department which YOU, as the caregiver of a of Health & Ageing, the project in person who was born in Poland, may Queensland is managed by Diversicare find useful in your day-to-day support under the auspice of the Ethnic of that person. Communities Council of Qld. In an effort to maintain the accuracy of Population trends within Australia are this profile and improve its contents, for increasingly characterised by a diversity of all stakeholders, we encourage readers to people, languages and culture. Coupled complete the feedback form on the last with this trend is an ageing population, page to inform us of any inaccuracies or also with a rich diversity of languages and other resources available. It is considered cultures. that this feedback will assist us maintain a user relevant and quality resource. It’s not surprising then, that residential aged care service providers are faced with Yours Sincerely increasing demands for culturally responsive facilities and care. Margaret Hess Elizabeth Zajac Director PICAC Project Officer This profile aims to assist by enhancing: • staff knowledge of the cultural and linguistically diverse needs of persons from 4 BACKGROUND The Republic of Poland (or ‘Polska’) with Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Warsaw as its capital, covers 312.685 sq Wielkopolskie and Zachodniopomorskie. kilometres. It’s divided into sixteen provinces (or ‘wojewodztwo’) - Located in Central Europe, sharing borders Dolnoslaskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lodzkie, with Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lubelskie, Lubuskie, Malopolskie, Ukraine, Lithuania, Russia and Belarus, Mazowieckie, Opolskie, Podkarpackie, Poland is mostly flat plain with mountains Podlaskie, Pomorskie, Slaskie, along its southern border. 5 Migration experience • their ancestry includes Polish (85.2%), Many Polish refugees came to Australia Jewish (1.8%) and German (1.2%) after World War II. (Source: Polish Community Information Summary, DIMIA 2001) From 1957-1966 emigration occurred following relaxation of emigration laws by Within Queensland, individuals born in the government of Poland. Poland and aged 60+ years represent some 779 individuals. The emergence of the Solidarity trade union movement and declaration of martial Due to the length of time in Australia, law in Poland at the end of 1981 resulted Poland-born persons have a well- in a third wave of emigration to Australia. established network of services and activities (eg Polish Clubs) in most States During the period 1980 – 1991 Australia of Australia and key regional centres in granted permanent entry to more than each State. 25 000 Poland–born people, many arriving as refugees. The above data means the Poland- born person you are caring for is The improvement in living conditions in most likely to have been well Poland and more stringent migration educated, have worked in a skilled job criteria has significantly reduced the levels outside the home and been part of of Poland-born migration to Australia. established social and recreational (Source: Polish Community Information Summary, links to other Poland-born persons. DIMIA 2003) Customs in everyday life Australian statistics Formal manners are important to Poland- As at 2001 Census, 58,070 Poland-born born aged persons. persons have settled in all Australian States, with 5,240 Poland-born people Greetings. People from Poland, can be resident in Queensland. quite formal with strangers with politeness at the initial contact being greatly valued. Of the total Poland-born population in Australia (2001 Census): A handshake is the most common form of • 38.4% are aged over 65 years; greeting upon meeting or leaving and • 54.3% have either a trade or tertiary applies almost every time they meet. In qualification; mixed company, a women’s hand is shaken • 57.2% were employed in a skilled before the males’, with an older women’s occupation, 25.9 % in semi-skilled and hand shaken before a younger woman’s 16.9% in unskilled jobs; and hand. The aged Poland-born grew up in a • females comprised 53.1% and males time when it was also customary for a man 46.9% ; and to kiss the lady’s hand. 6 Poland-born people enjoy greeting each The above customs are from a time in other, sometimes exchanging embraces or which the older generation lived and a ‘kissed’ greeting which is a delicate were raised. They may not be evident touching of cheeks. This indicates in the younger generations today – familiarity rather than love, with touch especially those people born after being the display of caring common among 1960’s. family members and friends. Cultural stereotypes Referring to others. You shouldn’t use Poland-born people are seen as easy going, first names with people you don’t know or helpful and very friendly. They are an only know a little. Most Poland-born people exceptionally hospitable nation with an old prefer the use of titles ‘Mrs’ (or ‘Pani’) and adage of ‘a guest in the home, God in the ‘Mr’ (or ‘Pan’) followed by the Christian home’, meaning a guest is to be offered all name or surname. Even worse is to call the best things available. A guest in a someone only by his or her surname. Polish home is warmly welcomed and may be overwhelmed by the outpouring of The dropping of titles such as Doctor, generosity. Professor is also taken as impolite behaviour. For some Poland-born people, alcohol serves a culturally important function, The appropriate use of the person’s name particularly during social occasions, such and appropriate titles is particularly as name day, birthday, and New Year important where the person has dementia celebrations. Non- Poland-born people may and may have reverted to their culture of see the amount and strength of drinks origin naming protocols. consumed at such occasions as excessive. Gestures. It is considered an insult to Punctuality is also important to Poland- point your index finger to one’s forehead. born people with lateness being a sign of bad manners. Depending on the status of Entering a room. It is courteous to stand the person for whom they are waiting, when a women or the host enters a room. Poland-born people may be intolerant of It is also considered good etiquette for lateness in others. Even in social males to open a door for females to let situations, people are expected to arrive on them enter first. time. Attire. Sloppy or overly casual clothing is Poland-born people as a group tend to considered inappropriate in public. share thoughts and ideas freely and have a keen sense of humour. Most Poland-born Taboos. It is not good etiquette to ask people enjoy a robust conversation, talking females about their age (eg. ‘how old are of their jobs, politics, health problems and you?’). Also tact is needed when discussing misfortunes in the same way as Australians World War II and political issues related to talk about such things as football. the 1945 -1950s. 7 Polish heritage is also associated with high FAMILY culture in terms of theatre, literature, art, concerts, and opera. Family structure Whilst identifying as Polish, each person A successful family life is a very important also has a strong sense of regional cultural to Poland-born people. The father is identity. There are diverse cultural and generally the head of the family where social differences between the 16 provinces often both parents work. The most popular of Poland.
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