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Harnessing Natural Resources for Youth Employment Generation in Katsina State, Nigeria

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Harnessing Natural Resources for Youth Employment Generation in Katsina State, Nigeria Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology Vol. 5 (3), pp. 41-48, May 2020 ISSN 4372-2603 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJPHET20688451 Article Number: DRJPHET20688451 Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article https://directresearchpublisher.org/drjphet/ Review Paper Harnessing Natural Resources for Youth Employment Generation in Katsina State, Nigeria Bilkisu Usman Mutawalli Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, P. M. B. 2052, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. Author E-mail: [email protected] Received 5 April 2020; Accepted 11 May, 2020 Natural resources exploitation is an essential condition for human were used to generate data for the study. The natural resource of existence and throughout the history of mankind humans have the state consists of atmospheric, mineral, vegetation and water utilized natural resources to produce the materials they need to resources that have not been fully harnessed to generate develop and sustain human populations. Nigeria is one of the employment for a large number of teeming youths in the State. developing countries that are endowed with a huge and vast array This is due mainly to various challenges faced in harnessing the of natural resources in different states of the federation including natural resources of the State. It is recommended that these Katsina State. This paper examines how the natural resources of challenges should be overcome to enable the harnessing of these the State can be harnessed to generate employment for the resources for youth employment generation. youths. Secondary sources of data generated through desk research from textbooks, conference papers, journal articles, Keywords : Harness, natural resources, youth employment, environmental reports, magazines and internet sourced materials Katsina State INTRODUCTION Natural resources are any property of the natural or serving man’s needs. They are given utility by physical environment such as minerals or natural capabilities and wants of man. Resources are a vegetation which are exploited by human beings to necessary ingredient for development to take place in satisfy certain needs (Mayhew, 2007). Bellamy, (2007) any society or country. Mayhew, (2007) defines defined natural resources as any natural wealth of a development as the use of resources to improve the region or country consisting of air, land, forests, mineral standard of living of the people in a nation. deposits, water bodies and wild life. All those materials The exploitation of natural resources is an essential which are required by humans may be called as condition for human existence and throughout the history resources and out of all these items: certain basic of mankind, humans have utilized natural resources to ingredients are available in the biotic world .These produce the materials they need to develop and sustain naturally available resources are called natural resources human populations (Gutti et a l., 2012). Nigeria is a (Garg et al. , 2007). country that is endowed with huge and vast array of The four main types of natural resources are natural resources such as crude oil, solid minerals, atmospheric, water, vegetation and mineral resources forests and wildlife, rivers and other water bodies (the last two derived from land). These are called including a coastal location (Okorofa, 2017). In addition resources because they are useful to man. This means the country has a total land area of about 923,700 square that every natural element found in the environment kilometers which is about one-seventh of the total which is of use to man is a resource. Gautam and mainland area of West Africa (Dingba and Adamu, 2007). Rostogi, (2002) define resources as features of the These natural resources if properly harnessed could have environment which are considered to be capable of made Nigeria among the developed countries of the world Official Publication of Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology: Vol. 5, 2020 ISSN: 4372-2603 Direct Res. J.Public Health and Environ. Technol. 42 (Okorafor, 2014).This development can be in form of neon, helium, ozone, and water vapour. industrial development that is centered on utilizing the Atmospheric resources are useful to man in many natural resources to establish energy, mineral and agro- ways. Oxygen supports human and animal life to exist allied industries that will generate employment for the and be sustained. Nitrogen, in combination with oxygen, youths. Youth employment generation refers to water and sunlight provide food for plants. Carbon generating employment for young people between the dioxide is used by plants, together with water and ages of 16 to 35 years of age. This is the productive sunlight, to manufacture food. Water vapour is used to segment of the population that have to be gainfully form rain that supply water for agricultural purposes. The employed for a State or country to develop its own atmosphere serves as a medium for air transportation economy .Generation of employment for the youths will and also a medium of weather and climate which benefit the economy due to their productive potentials influence various human activities (Ladan, 2009). Katsina and will keep the youth away from social vices and State based on the location of the State in the extreme criminal activities. According to the International Labour northern part of the country has abundant sunshine which Organization (2019) today’s youths are the most can be harnessed to develop solar energy for electricity educated generation ever but nonetheless they generation or to power solar water pumps to supply water encounter difficulties in entering and remaining in the to the large number of rural population in the State. labour market. Opportunities for young people to find a Besides solar energy there are also potentials for wind job are bound by the state of the economy and the overall energy generation from the vast plains of the State where economic situation in a country. Katsina State based on wind blow uninterrupted during the dry season of the the 2006 National Population Census figures was the year. Wind energy farms or mills can be developed to fourth most populated State in the Federation with a generate electricity that can even feed the national population of 5,801,584. A large percentage of the electricity grid of the country populations are youths below the age of 35 years of age (AMW, 2009). Youth unemployment remains one of the most critical contemporary problems facing many States Mineral resources of the Federation including Katsina State (Haruna et al., 2014).There is therefore the need to harness the natural Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances, resources of the State in order to generate employment elements or compounds of two or more elements having for the teeming youths of the State. This is important so a definite chemical composition and characteristic that the State can find means of generating employment physical properties (Garg et al , 2007).They are natural for the citizens and in the process reduces the concentration of materials which are useful to man and dependence on federal allocation. The aim of the paper is that can be tapped profitably as items of trade or raw to examine how the natural resources of the State are materials to manufacture a product. They are valuable harnessed to generate employment particularly for the resources that are found buried in underground layers of youths. the earth which means a method must be used to mine the minerals. In Nigeria, the major minerals are crude oil, coal, tin TYPES OF RESOURCES and iron ore. Others are limestone, marble, and gold. These and other minerals are grouped into the following According to Tulu (2002), resources vary in character and categories as can be seen on the (Table 2). some are more difficult to manage than others. The From (Table 2) it can be observed that Nigeria has at following classification of type of resources is generally least one among the four categories of minerals which accepted and gives some indication of manageability. are being exploited in commercial quantities and have These types of resources can be seen on the (Table 1). given rise to the setting up of various industries in different parts of the country. Mineral resources since the 1970s have contributed greatly to Nigeria’s export as Natural resource potentials of Katsina state crude oil and petroleum products have contributed 95% of export earnings (CIA, 2020).In fact, Nigeria is richly Atmospheric Resources endowed with minerals and the country has a very high significant share in the world’s mineral market as a The atmosphere can be described as thin layer of member of Organization of Petroleum Exporting odorless, colorless and tasteless gases held to the earth Countries (OPEC).A greater percentage of the national by force of gravity and it comprises a stable mixture of budget is made based on the price of crude oil at the gases, the most important of which are nitrogen international market and hence Nigeria relies heavily on (78.08%), oxygen (20.94%), argon (0.93%) and carbon crude oil mining industry to fund the federal budget and dioxide (0.03%), by volume of dry air (Ayaode,2011). other aspects of economic development (Erhun, 2015). Other minor gases present in the atmosphere include Katsina State has a lot of mineral potentials which can Official Publication of Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology: Vol. 5, 2020 ISSN: 4372-2603 Mutawalli 43 Table 1 . types of resources and their chances of been managed. Types of Resources Definition, types and nature of the resources Continuous Resources These include solar energy, wind, gravity, tidal energy and geothermal energy. These continue to be available and cannot be degraded even with gross mismanagement (possible exception is solar energy, the receipt of which could be affected by atmosphere pollution).
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