Notes on J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia Latest update: February 14, 2007.

Contributors These five authors’ names appear differently with one or more of their entries from the way they appear on the list of contributors: Anthony S. Burdge is listed as “Anthony Burdge” with these entries: Arkenstone; Fandom; Gaming; Popular Music; Television: U.S. Coverage; War of the Ring, The; and Weapons, Named Matthew Fensome is listed as “Matt Fensome” with this entry: War of the Jewels, The Michele T. Fry is listed as “Michele Fry” with this entry: ; and she is listed as “Michèle Fry” with this entry: Vale of the White Horse Olga Markova is listed as “O. Markova” with this entry: Reception of Tolkien. James I. McNelis III is listed as “James McNelis” with this entry: .

Geoffrey Russom is listed but contributed no entries.

Alphabetical List of Entries There is one entry missing from this list: Northern Venture, A.

These 19 entries in the alphabetical list differ from their titles in the main text as follows: Artists’ and Illustrators’ Influence on Tolkien [text: first apostrophe omitted] Devil’s Coach-Horse, The [text: “, The” omitted] , 20th Century [text: Twentieth spelled out] “Fourteenth Century Romance, A” [text: “A” moved to front] Frame Narratives [text: “Narrative” singular] Francis Thompson: Article for Exeter College Essay Club [text: “Frances Thompson” is in quotation marks] German Folktale: Deutsche Mythologie [text: Deutsche Mythologie italicized] Germany: Reception of Tolkien [text: comma replaces colon] Guthlac: Poem [text: comma replaces colon] “‘Iþþlen’ in Sawles Warde” [text: double-quotes omitted] Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien [text: addition of “, The”] Magic, Middle-earth [text: colon replaces comma] Monsters, Middle-earth [text: “, Middle-earth” omitted] Peoples of Middle-earth, The [text: “, The” omitted] Shaping of Middle-earth, The [text: “, The” omitted] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight , , : Edited by [text: comma replaces colon] Thorin [text: addition of “Oakenshield” (compare to “”)] “Tolkien Remembered”: [text: quotation marks omitted] Ylfe, Alfr, Elves [text: second word is “Álfar”]

Return of the Shadow should read Return of the Shadow, The.

Thematic List of Entries These 24 entries are missing from the thematic list: Ancrene Wisse; Barrie, J.M.; Buchan, John; Cave, The; Cecil, Lord David; D’Ardenne, S.R.T.O.; Fairyology, Victorian; Family Trees; Gibbon, Edward: Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; Green, Roger Lancelyn; Holy Maiden Hood by J. Furnival: Review by Tolkien; Homer; Howard, Robert E.; Jordanes: History of the Goths; MacDonald, George; Morris, William; Northern Venture, A; Obituary for Henry Bradley; Apollonius of Tyre, Edited by Tolkien; Saint Brendan; Saint John; Trench Fever; Two Trees; Wyke-Smith, A.E. and The Marvellous Land of Snergs

There is one item on the thematic list for which no entry appears in the main text: Renewal (under the category Themes and Thematic Elements).

There are five alphabetization errors on this list: In Adaptation… Films: Boyens before Bakshi. In Life… Children: Tolkien, Christopher before Tolkien, Baillie. In Literary Sources… England: Spenser before Milton. In Reception: Fan Fiction before Fan Art. In Scholars, Medieval: Turville-Petre before Scholars of Medieval Literature.

These five entries appear twice (intentionally?) on the thematic list: : Translations (Literature, Unpublished by Tolkien and Scholarship by Tolkien). Manuscripts, Medieval (Sources, Medieval History and Sources, Medieval Literature). World War I (Life and Tolkien’s Contemporary History). World War II (Life and Tolkien’s Contemporary History). Elvish Compositions and Grammar (Languages and Works of Literature).

These eight thematic listings differ from their titles in the main text: Battle of Maldon [text: addition of “, The”] “Devil’s Coach-Horse, The” [text: “, The” and quotation marks omitted] “Fourteen Century Romance, A” [text: “A” moved to front] Frances Thompson: Article for Exeter College Essay Club [text: “Francis Thompson” is in quotation marks] Monsters, Middle-earth [text: “, Middle-earth” omitted] Shaping of Middle-earth, The [text: “, The” omitted] Thorin [text: addition of “Oakenshield”] Ylfe, Alfr, Elves [text: second word is “Álfar”]

Return of the Shadow should read Return of the Shadow, The.

Introduction Sixth paragraph, fourth sentence: change “542 entries” to “537 entries” (p. xxx).

Entries A to Z General Notes Unlike most of the biographical entries, the following 25 omit dates in their titles: Aquinas, Thomas; Augustine of Hippo; Bakshi, Ralph; Barfield, Owen; Barrie, J.M.; Boyens, Philippa; Caedmon; Cynewulf; Dante; Guthlac, Saint; Jackson, Peter; Jones, Gwyn; King Alfred; Langland, William; Morgan, Father Francis; Ransome, Arthur; Saint Brendan; Saint John; Saint Oswald; Spenser, Edmund; Tertullian; Tolkien, Christopher Reuel; Tolkien, Faith; Turville-Petre, Joan; and Virgil. There are four puzzling issues of alphabetization in the main text: German Race Laws precedes German: Modern. Saints Brendan, John, and Oswald appear under S, but Saint Guthlac under G. North Polar Bear precedes Northern Courage. Sir Gawain appears under S, but Sir Orfeo under O. A random question I couldn’t fit anywhere else: Why is one article titled, “Spenser, Edmund” but others not “Shakespeare, William” or “Milton, John” but just “Shakespeare” and “Milton”?

Notes on individual entries: (including page number and column) AB Language See also list: change “Ancrene Wisse, Ancrene Riwle” to “Ancrene Wisse” (p. 2b).

Ælfwine See also list: add entry for “King Alfred” (p. 5a).

Alliteration See also list: delete listing for non-existing entry on “Rhyme Schemes and Alliteration” (p. 9a).

Ancrene Wisse Further Reading list: in third entry for “Dobson” (1976), title reads “The Origins of Ancrene Wisse” (p. 17b) but in the list for the AB Language entry, the same title reads “The Origins of the Ancrene Wisse” (p. 2a).

Arthurian Literature Further Reading list: change “Carpenter, Humphrey, ed.” to “Carpenter, Humphrey” (p. 34a).

Arthurian Romance See also list: delete listing for non-existent entry on “Unpublished Manuscripts” (p. 35a).

Artistic Movements Further Reading list: change J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator to J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator (p. 36b). See also list: change “Tolkien’s Art and Illustrations” to “Art and Illustrations by Tolkien” (p. 36b).

Artists and Illustrators’ Influence on Tolkien See also list: delete listing for non-existent entry on “Artists and Illustrators of Tolkien’s Works” (p. 38a). Or change listing to “Fan Art”?

Bede Sixth paragraph, second sentence: add parenthetical citation for reference to and Hengest (p. 55a). Sixth paragraph, third sentence: add parenthetical citation for reference to “” (p. 55a). Further Reading list: add entry for “” (p. 55b).

Capitalism See also list: delete listing for non-existent entry on “Acquisitiveness” (p. 85a).

Catholicism, Roman Sixth paragraph, eleventh sentence: delete citation of “Letters, 112” and replace with citation for Tolkien’s letter to Catholic Herald (p. 87a). Eighth paragraph, fourth sentence: change “Letters, 112” to “Letters, 53” (p. 87a). Eighth paragraph, sixth sentence: add citation to Letters, p. 99 (p. 87b). Twelfth paragraph, seventeenth sentence: change “Wooton” to “Wootton” (p. 88b). Further Reading list: change “Quenye” to “Qenya” (p. 89a).

Cave, The See also list: change “Coalbiters/Kolbitár” to “Kolbítar” (p. 89b).

Children’s Literature and Tolkien Further Reading list: change “Croft, Jane Brennan” to “Croft, Janet Brennan” (p. 97a). Further Reading list: change J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator to J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator (p. 97a)

Collecting Second paragraph, fifth sentence: change “Medium Aevum (1940-59)” to “Medium Aevum (1932-34)” (p. 106a). Further Reading list: change “and Anderson, Douglas” to “with the assistance of Douglas A. Anderson” (p. 106b). Further Reading list: change “and Scull, Christina, eds.” to “and , eds.” (p. 106b).

Dante Third paragraph, third sentence: delete “elsewhere” following “In his introduction to Pearl, Tolkien notes Dante’s age” (p. 116b). Further Reading list: move entry “Uncatalogued papers. A 13/1…” from listing for Humphrey Carpenter to listing for J.R.R. Tolkien (p. 117a).

Devils See also list: add entry for “Satan and Lucifer” (p. 127a).

Earth First paragraph, second sentence: change “First Age” to “Second Age” (p. 138b).

Elves: Reincarnation Fifth paragraph, fifteenth sentence: replace two appearances of “REF” with correct note and page number (p. 155a).

Fandom Fifteenth paragraph, first sentence: change “Waldeman” to “Waldman” (p. 195a). Seventeenth paragraph, fourth sentence: , official illustrator of three Tolkien works in his lifetime, is incorrectly termed a “fan artist” (p. 195b).

Farmer Giles of Ham Fifth paragraph, third sentence: change “river Thames” to “river Thame” (p. 197b).

Father Christmas Letters See also list: add entry for “Tolkien, Baillie” (p. 200b).

Food Sixth paragraph, first sentence: change “drafts of the ” to “draughts of the Ents” (p. 214b).

Gandalf Further Reading list: in entry for Petty, change “Island” to “Land” (p. 232a).

German Race Laws Second paragraph, fourth sentence: description of letter in A&U files as “strongly worded refusal by Tolkien to provide the requested information” is in error, as shown later in the same paragraph (p. 237a).

Gilson, Robert Quilter Further Reading list: change “Gorth, John” to “Garth, John” (p. 241b).

Gondor First paragraph, first sentence: change “longest-lived” to “longer-lived” (p. 248a). Sixth paragraph, second sentence: change “a major factor” to “major factors” (p. 249a).

Gordon, E.V. Further Reading list: change “Gordon, I.L.” to “Gordon, I.L., ed.” (p. 252b).

Gordon, Ida Further Reading list: change “Gordon, E.V.” to “Gordon, E.V., ed.” (p. 253a). Further Reading list: change second appearance of “Gordon, Ida L.” to “Gordon, Ida L., ed.” (p. 253a).

Great Haywood Further Reading list: change “Hammad” to “Hammond” (p. 257b).

Grove, Jennie Further Reading list: change J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator to J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator (p. 262a).

Havard, Humphrey Further Reading list: in entry for Carpenter, add publication information (p. 266a). See also list: deleted listing for non-existent entry on “Life” (p. 266a).

Health and Medicine Third paragraph, fifth sentence: change “Imrahil” to “” (p. 266b).

Hell Seventh paragraph, third sentence: add parenthetical citation to reference to Tolkien’s letters (p. 269a).

Hobbits Third paragraph, third sentence: change “Babbit” to “Babbitt” (p. 280b).

Holy Maiden Hood by J. Furnival: Review by Tolkien Title: change “Furnival” to “Furnivall” to agree with text and Further Reading list (p. 282b).

Italian Language First paragraph, ninth and tenth sentences: add parenthetical citation of Letters for information about Oxford Dante Society (p. 298b).

Japan: Reception of Tolkien Further Reading list: for second Makoto Takahashi entry, change “Letter of” to “Letter” (p. 311a)?

Judaism First paragraph, fifth sentence: add parenthetical citation to Letters, p. 67. (p. 314a). Further Reading list: add entries for “The Alphabet of Rúmil” cited in third paragraph and for 1977 issue of Amon Hen cited in seventh paragraph (p. 315b).

King Alfred Second paragraph, second and third sentences: change parenthetical citations of “B & C” to “B&C” (p. 320b). See also list: add entry for “Ælfwine” (p. 321a).

Language, Theories of Sixth paragraph, second sentence: change “Thus shall I sleep more easily” to “Thus shall I sleep better” (p. 329b).

Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fourth paragraph, second sentence: change “Eldar Edda” to “Elder Edda” (p. 355a).

Lewis, C.S. Further Reading list: change “and Hooper, Walter” to “and Walter Hooper” (p. 360b).

Literary Context, Twentieth Century Fifteenth paragraph, third sentence: change “Sadie Smith” to “Zadie Smith” (p. 366b).

Lothlórien Fifth paragraph, first sentence: for “Some authorities trace the origin of these remarkable trees to Númenor…” add citation to Unifinished Tales (p. 395a). Further Reading list: change “Hood, Gwenwyth” to “Hood, Gwenyth” (p. 395b).

MacDonald, George Add a See also list, and include an entry for “” (inspired by Tolkien’s work on an introduction to a new edition of MacDonald story). Also add a mention of Smith to entry text (p. 400a). Further Reading list: add “MacDonald, George” as author of second through sixth entries, now apparently credited to C.S. Lewis (p. 400a).

Maps Eighth paragraph, first and second sentences read: “Tolkien prepared the map of Wilderland of the endpapers of the first edition of The in 1936. Christopher Tolkien, whose monogram is on the corner of the map, redrew Tolkien’s sketch.” This is in error: in a personal communication, Douglas A. Anderson explains that the monogram only appears to be Christopher Tolkien’s (he was just 12 in 1936) but is actually a variant form of JRRT, with the stem of the T curved to look like a C (p. 406b). Further Reading list: change “and Scull, Christina” to “and Christina Scull” (p. 408b).

Melian First paragraph, ninth sentence: change “Melion” to “” (p. 412b).

“Middle English ‘Losenger’: A Sketch of an Etymological and Semantic Inquiry” Further Reading list: change “Carpenter, Humphery: to “Carpenter, Humphrey” (p. 421b).

Middle English Vocabulary, A Further Reading list: delete entry for The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien in favor of encyclopedia’s master abbreviations list (p. 422b).

Mithril Fifth paragraph, first listed item: change “Bilbo’s corselet” to “Bilbo’s corslet” (p. 432b).

Morris, William Further Reading list: change “The World at the Well’s End” to “The Well at the World’s End” (p. 441b).

Mountains Further Reading list: “Anderson, Douglas E.” to “Anderson, Douglas A.” (p. 442a). Further Reading list: change “Fonstadt, Karen Wynn” to “Fonstad, Karen Wynn” (p. 442a).

‘Mythology for England’ Further Reading list: change Author of the Century to J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century (p. 447b).

Old Norse Language Further Reading list: change “Gordon, E.V., ed.” to “Gordon, E.V.” (p. 472b).

Orfeo, Sir Last paragraph, second sentence: change “Hammond 1993, 300” to “Hammond, 300” (488a).

Oxford The entire article is poorly sourced. Thirty-ninth paragraph, tenth sentence incorrectly states that the Ainulindalë was written in the 1930s; it dates to c. 1920 (pp. 496b-497a). Further Reading list: change Notion Club Papers author from “Duriez, Colin, and David Porter” to “Tolkien, J.R.R.” (p. 499a). Further Reading list: to entry for “The Dante Society: Minutes 1876-1968 MS 8ºIt.20”, add this: “Taylor Institution Library, University of Oxford.” (p. 499a).

Paradise See also list: add entry for “” (p. 503a).

Peoples of Middle-earth Title: change “Peoples of Middle-earth” to “Peoples of Middle-earth, The” (p. 506b). See also list: add entry for (p. 507a).

Philo-Semitism Tenth paragraph, fourth sentence reads, in reference to Joy Davidman: “Edith Tolkien certainly found her a difficult woman.” This is in direct contradiction to Carpenter’s biography of Tolkien (p. 239) and unsupported by any citation in this entry (p. 509b).

Plants Third paragraph, second sentence reads, “Mallorn or mellyrn is a kind of tree unique to Lothlórien.” This is in error: as noted in , there were also mellyrn in Númenor and Tol Eressëa (p. 512b). Fourth paragraph, first sentence reads: “Athelas came to Middle-earth with the Númenóreans at the beginning of the Second Age.” This is in error: the Númenóreans first returned to Middle-earth 700 years later (p. 512b).

Qenyaqetsa: The Phonology and Lexicon Title: change “Quenya” to “Qenya” (p. 551a). See also list: deleted listing for non-existent entry on “Quenya” (p. 552b).

Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc. Further Reading list: change web address for “. The Big Cartoon Database” from “http://www.bdcd...” to “http://www.bcdb...” (p. 561a).

Ransome, Arthur Fourth paragraph, third sentence: add parenthetical citation for quotes from Ransome’s letters to Tolkien (p. 561b).

Return of the Shadow Title: change “Return of the Shadow” to read “Return of the Shadow, The” (p. 565b).

Riddles Further Reading list: change Author of the Century to J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century (p. 569b).

Rings of Power Second paragraph, second sentence reads: “The were designed to give their bearers the gift of longevity…” This is in error: the Rings were designed for Elves, who are immortal (p. 572b). Second paragraph, seventh sentence reads: “To the Dwarves he gave seven to increase their wealth.” This contradicts second paragraph, eleventh sentence, which reads: “This ring had been given to Durin III by the Elves…” (p. 572b).

Rohan Sixth paragraph, fifth sentence: change “Isenguard” to “” (p. 576a).

Russian Language Further Reading list: change “Allen, Jim” to “Allan, Jim” (p. 582b).

Saint John First paragraph, first sentence says that Tolkien’s unpublished “Ulsterior Motive” reveals that “Tolkien took St. John the Apostle as his patron saint”. That fact is also noted in a published source: Letters, p. 397 (#309); where Tolkien notes that this was due to the date of his birth (p. 585a).

Sauron First paragraph, first sentence reads “He begins as the Necromancer, in The Hobbit…” This is in error: pre-dates The Hobbit (p. 591a).

Sauron Defeated Further Reading list: delete errant header or add missing list (p. 593b).

Sayers, Dorothy Seventh sentence: for statement that “Tolkien said he enjoyed the Wimsey novels initially but came to loathe them, yet he read all of them)” add parenthetical citation, e.g. Letters (p. 594a).

Shelob Further Reading list: in Partridge listing, change “FAR Land” to “Far Land” (p. 607a).

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Sir Orfeo, edited by Christopher Tolkien See also list: delete listing for non-existent entry on Pearl Poet (p. 615b).

“Some Contributions to Middle-English Lexicography” Fourth paragraph, first sentence: change “Gawain and the Green Knight” to “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” (p. 621a). See also list: delete listing for non-existent entry on Middle English (p. 621b).

Spanish Language Second paragraph: add citation for letter to Mr. Sands (p. 624a).

Suffield Family Further Reading list: change “Tolkien, J.R.R., and Priscilla Tolkien” to “Tolkien, John, and Priscilla Tolkien” (p. 628b).

Textual History: Errors and Emendations Further Reading list: change “and Douglas A. Anderson” to “with the assistance of Douglas A. Anderson” (p. 642a).

Theoden Title and throughout: change “Theoden” to read “Théoden” (p. 643). Second paragraph, first sentence: change “Theodon” to “Théoden” (p. 643a).

Theological and Moral Approaches in Tolkien’s Works First paragraph, second sentence: change “Wooten Major” to “Wootton Major” (p. 643b).

Thorin Oakenshield Further Reading list: in entry for Day, change “Allen Lee” to “” (p. 647b).

Tolkien Remembered: Humphrey Carpenter and Tolkien, John “Father” is abbreviated “Fr” in the former but “Fr.” in the latter (pp. 652a-b, 667a).

Tolkien Scholarship: Since 1980 Sixteenth paragraph, first sentence: italicize “Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder” (p. 661b). Further Reading list: change “Hammond, Wayne and Christina Scull” to “Hammond, Wayne, and Christina Scull, eds.” for Blackwelder collection entry (p. 662b). Further Reading list: change “Hammon, Wayne” to “Hammond, Wayne” for Reader’s Companion entry (p. 662b).

Tolkien, Christopher Reuel Seventh paragraph, fourth sentence says that Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien “has been superseded by Hammond and Scull’s 1995 J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator”. This is not entirely true, as there are pictures in Pictures that aren’t in Hammond and Scull (p. 664b). Further Reading list: add entry for Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien (p. 665b).

Tolkien (née Suffield), Mabel Further Reading list: delete entry for The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien in favor of encyclopedia’s master abbreviations list (p. 668a).

Tour in the Alps, 1911 Further Reading list: change J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator to J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator (p. 672b).

Ungoliant Title: omit “(Q., Ungol, Spider + Liante, Tendril)” and add to text (p. 687a).

Vale of the White Horse Further Reading list: delete entries for The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, The History of Middle-earth Volume 9, and in favor of encyclopedia’s master abbreviations list (p. 691a).

Viking Raids Primary Sources list: de-italicize author “Scagg, D.G.” and italicize title “The Battle of Maldon” (p. 694a). Primary Sources list: add author “Tolkien, J.R.R.” to listings for “The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm’s Son” and Finn and Hengest (p. 694a).

Violence Delete Primary Source and listings of “Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lord of the Rings” and “The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien” in favor of encyclopedia’s master abbreviations list (p. 695a).

War First paragraph, fifth sentence: change attribution of phrase “the darkness of the present days” from “(FR Foreword 7)” to “(Letters, 41)” (p. 698b). First paragraph, seventh sentence references Hugh Brogan’s comments on Tolkien and war, but nothing by Brogan appears in the Further Reading list (pp. 698b, 700a). Fifth paragraph, fourth sentence: for reference to Tolkien’s poem, “Looney”, parenthetical citation is listed incorrectly as The Hobbit (p.699b). Further Reading list: change “Croft, Jane Brennan” to “Croft, Janet Brennan” (p. 700a). Further Reading list: change “Shippey, Thomas R.” to “Shippey, Thomas A.” (p. 700a).

War of the Ring, The Further Reading list: change “Hammond, Wayne G., Scull Christina” to “Hammond, Wayne G., and Christina Scull” (p. 702b).

Williams, Charles Walter Stansby First paragraph: add attribution for Tolkien’s poem (p. 707b).

Wiseman, Christopher Further Reading list: change “Garth” to “Garth, John” (p. 709b).

Index Nameless Land, The: add listing for p. 393. Trolls: add listing for p. 121. Trools, 121: delete.