Working-Conceptual-Framework-Of-Harmful-Gambling Feb-2016.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Working-Conceptual-Framework-Of-Harmful-Gambling Feb-2016.Pdf Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Key Objectives of the Framework ................................................................................. 6 1.2 Defining Harmful Gambling........................................................................................... 8 1.3 Value of the Framework ..............................................................................................10 1.4 Overview of the Framework .........................................................................................12 1.5 Relevance of Framework to Stakeholders ...................................................................14 1.6 Conceptual Framework Diagram .................................................................................15 2. Discussion of Gambling-specific Factors Contributing to Harmful Gambling ...........16 2.1 Gambling Environment ................................................................................................16 2.1.1 Economics ............................................................................................................17 2.1.2 Socio-Political Environment ..................................................................................19 2.1.3 Public Policy ..........................................................................................................20 2.1.4 Culture of Social Responsibility .............................................................................24 2.2 Gambling Exposure .....................................................................................................25 2.2.1 Gambling Setting ..................................................................................................27 2.2.2 Accessibility ..........................................................................................................29 2.2.3 Adaptation .............................................................................................................31 2.2.4 Marketing and Messaging .....................................................................................32 2.3 Gambling Types ..........................................................................................................35 2.3.1 Structural Characteristics ......................................................................................36 2.3.2 Motivations for Gamblers ......................................................................................38 2.3.3 Risk Assessment ..................................................................................................41 2.4 Gambling Resources ...................................................................................................42 2.4.1 Service Utilization .................................................................................................42 2.4.2 Protection, Prevention, and Harm Reduction ........................................................43 2.4.3 Interventions .........................................................................................................45 3. Discussion of General Factors Contributing to Harmful Gambling .............................48 3.1 Cultural Factors ...............................................................................................................48 3.1.1 Ethnicity and Traditions .........................................................................................49 3.1.2 Indigenous Groups ................................................................................................51 3.1.3 Socio-cultural Attitudes .........................................................................................55 3.1.4 Religion and Other Belief Systems .......................................................................57 3.1.5 Gender ..................................................................................................................58 3.2 Social Factors ..............................................................................................................59 3.2.1 Social Demographics ............................................................................................61 3.2.2 Family and Peer Gambling Involvement ...............................................................61 3.2.3 Education System .................................................................................................63 3.2.4 Neighbourhood .....................................................................................................63 3.2.5 Stigmatization .......................................................................................................65 3.2.6 Deviance ...............................................................................................................66 3.3 Psychological Factors ..................................................................................................67 3.3.1 Personality and Temperament ..............................................................................67 3.3.2 Self-perceptions ....................................................................................................68 3.3.3 Social Learning .....................................................................................................68 3.3.4 Lifespan Development ..........................................................................................69 3.3.5 Co-morbid Disorders .............................................................................................70 3.3.6 Subjective Well-Being ...........................................................................................70 3.3.7 Coping Styles ........................................................................................................70 3.3.8 Judgement and Decision Making ..........................................................................71 3.4 Biological Factors ........................................................................................................71 3.4.1 Genetic Inheritance ...............................................................................................71 3.4.2 Neurobiology .........................................................................................................73 Author Biographies ................................................................................................................76 Summary of Existing Research that Informed Our Work ....................................................83 Future Research Directions ...................................................................................................87 References ..............................................................................................................................91 Additional Resources ...........................................................................................................130 Abstract Although it is seen by many as a form of leisure and recreation, gambling can have serious repercussions for individuals, families, and society as a whole. The harmful effects of gambling have been studied for decades in an attempt to understand individual differences in gambling engagement and the life-course of gambling-related problems. In this publication, we present a comprehensive, internationally relevant conceptual framework of “harmful gambling” that moves beyond a symptoms-based view of harm and addresses a broad set of factors related to population risk, community and societal effects. Interactive factors depicted in the framework represent major themes in gambling that range from specific (gambling environment, exposure, types, and resources) to general (cultural, social, psychological, and biological). The framework has been created by international interdisciplinary experts and stakeholders— including researchers, treatment providers, operators, policy makers, as well as individuals and their families—in order to facilitate an understanding of harmful gambling. It reflects the state of knowledge related to factors influencing harmful gambling; and serves a secondary purpose as a guide for the development of future research programs and education of policy makers on issues related to harmful gambling. Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO) (formerly the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre (OPGRC) located in Guelph, Ontario, Canada) has facilitated the development of the Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling and will retain responsibility for keeping it up-to-date. Please cite as: “Abbott, Max; Binde, Per; Clark, Luke; Hodgins, David; Korn, David; Pereira, Alexius; Quilty, Lena; Thomas, Anna; Volberg, Rachel; Walker, Douglas; Williams, Robert. (2015). Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling: An International Collaboration Revised Edition. Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO), Guelph, Ontario, Canada.” Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO) received funding support from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC). The views expressed are the views of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of GREO, MOHLTC, or the province of Ontario. Commercial use of this document is prohibited without written consent from the Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO). 1. Executive Summary Gambling is a human activity with a long history. Even now, the
Recommended publications
  • 2006 California Problem Gambling Prevalence Survey
    2006 California Problem Gambling Prevalence Survey August 2006 Final Report Submitted to: California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs Office of Problem and Pathological Gambling Submitted by: Rachel A. Volberg Kari L. Nysse-Carris Dean R. Gerstein Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures ................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ vi Authorship ...........................................................................................vi Overview of Study ........................................................................................viii Executive Summary ........................................................................................ 1 Methods ................................................................................................... 2 Gambling in California.................................................................................. 2 Problem Gambling in California....................................................................... 2 Correlates of Problem Gambling ...................................................................... 4 Awareness of Problem Gambling Services and Barriers to Help Seeking ....................... 4 Directions for the Future............................................................................... 5 Introduction.................................................................................................. 7 The
    [Show full text]
  • Gauge Your Gambling: the Acceptability and Feasibility of a Brief Online Motivational Enhancement for Non-Treatment Seeking Problem Gamblers
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 5-11-2018 Gauge Your Gambling: The Acceptability and Feasibility of a Brief Online Motivational Enhancement for Non-Treatment Seeking Problem Gamblers Amanda Elizabeth Roberta Robinson University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Robinson, Amanda Elizabeth Roberta, "Gauge Your Gambling: The Acceptability and Feasibility of a Brief Online Motivational Enhancement for Non-Treatment Seeking Problem Gamblers" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7438. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7438 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. GAUGE YOUR GAMBLING: THE ACCEPTABILITY AND FEASIBILITY OF A BRIEF ONLINE MOTIVATIONAL ENHANCEMENT FOR NON-TREATMENT SEEKING PROBLEM GAMBLERS by Amanda E. R. Robinson A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Psychology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2018 © 2018 Amanda E.
    [Show full text]
  • Gambling Report – Results from the 2016 Health and Lifestyles Survey
    Gambling report – Results from the 2016 Health and Lifestyles Survey February 2018 ISBN: 978-0-478-44924-2 Prepared for the Health Promotion Agency by: Thewaporn (Wa) Thimasarn-Anwar, Dr Hanna Squire, Dr Holly Trowland & Dr Greg Martin Citation: Thimasarn-Anwar, T., Squire, H., Trowland, H. & Martin, G. (2017). Gambling report: Results from the 2016 Health and Lifestyles Survey. Wellington: Health Promotion Agency Research and Evaluation Unit. HEALTH PROMOTION AGENCY PO Box 2142 Wellington 6140 New Zealand www.hpa.org.nz February 2018 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Health for their input in the 2016 Health and Lifestyles Survey (HLS) gambling module. The authors would also like to acknowledge the research companies that carried out the fieldwork for the Gambling Betting Activities Survey (GBAS) and the HLS: CBG Research Ltd for the 2012, 2014 and 2016 HLS, and National Research Bureau for the 2006/07 GBAS and the 2008 and 2010. The 2016 HLS gambling questionnaire was created through a collaborative design process incorporating feedback from the Health Promotion Agency (HPA), Department of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Health. Peer review for this report was provided by Dr Alana Oakly, Api Poutasi, Campbell Moore, Dr Charles Sullivan, and Dr John Wren. This report was funded by the Ministry of Health. The views of the authors do not necessarily represent the views or policy of the Ministry of Health or those of HPA. The Ministry makes no warranty, express or implied, nor assumes any liability or responsibility for use of or reliance on the contents of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Gambling in New Zealand Public Discussion Document Online Gambling in New Zealand – Public Discussion Document
    Online Gambling in New Zealand Public Discussion Document Online Gambling in New Zealand – Public Discussion Document Contents Message from Hon Tracey Martin, Minister of Internal Affairs ..............................................................4 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................5 Background ........................................................................................................................................5 Online Gambling in New Zealand ............................................................................................................5 What are the issues and opportunities? ..................................................................................................6 Online gambling by New Zealanders is growing .........................................................................6 Overseas online gambling can harm New Zealanders while providing no community benefit or harm minimsation funding .........................................................................................6 An opportunity to safeguard New Zealanders against future gambling-related harm .............8 The current review of the racing industry will align with this work on online gambling .....................8 Setting a framework for the future of online gambling in New Zealand .............................................10 How this section works ..........................................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Notes About Gambling Issues
    A REVIEW OF GAMBLING-RELATED ISSUES Hayden Brown City of Greater Dandenong Updated March 2018 CONTENTS The Gambling Industry and Gambling Losses .............................................. 1 EGMs and Gambling ......................................................................................................... 1 The EGM Gambling Industry and Distribution of Gambling Revenue ............................. 2 EGM Gambling Losses and Problem Gambling ................................................................ 3 Concentration of Losses among a Small Proportion of the Population .............................. 3 EGM Losses and Disadvantaged Municipalities................................................................ 4 Gaming Losses and Income ............................................................................................... 7 EGM Density and Disadvantaged Municipalities .............................................................. 8 EGM Density and Gambling Problems .............................................................................. 9 On-line and Sports Gambling .......................................................................................... 10 Gambling-related Problems ........................................................................... 11 The Nature of Gambling Problems .................................................................................. 11 Defining Gambling-related Problems ............................................................................. 11 Causes of Gambling-related
    [Show full text]
  • Picture As Pdf
    1 Cultural Daily Independent Voices, New Perspectives Why you should give preference to online casino for gambling in Norway Our Friends · Wednesday, February 24th, 2021 What is that one thing that you love about the internet? Is it the ease of access to information or the presence of entertainment options such as online games and streaming services? Everything is happening online, from shopping, learning to payment of taxes. It’s no surprise that most of the physical facilities providing various services over the years are closing down. Some are shifting to meet the rapidly rising demand in the online segment. But why is the focus on online casino gambling becoming a trend? Many innovations are taking place, leading to shifts in various industries. We linked up with our expert Alexandra Nereng who helped us answer some of the burning questions that many people have today. Are online casinos beneficial in any way? Here are some aspects of playing online casinos in Norway that will make you yearn for more playtime. They make the majority of the players prefer online casino games to other methods. A wide selection of games Have you ever asked yourself what it takes to offer all the games you dream about in a land-based casino? You will require thousands of acres of land and thousands of machines. The top reason why many people in Norway prefer online betting over land- based casinos is the variety of games available in the former. The online platform only needs a site that can host multiple games. It is thus cheaper to start an online casino than a physical one.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Burden of Gambling Harm in New Zealand
    Measuring the Burden of Gambling Harm in New Zealand Matthew Browne Maria Bellringer Nancy Greer Komathi Kolandai-Matchett Vijay Rawat Erika Langham Matthew Rockloff Katie Palmer Du Preez Max Abbott Central Queensland University and Auckland University of Technology May 2017 Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their gratitude to the participants of this study, including the gambling treatment and other professionals who gave their time and experience, and people who gamble and people affected by others’ gambling who were prepared to share their stories and experiences in focus group interviews. We thank individuals from the general public and the many professionals with expertise in the field of problem gambling, who took time to respond to our surveys. Their input was invaluable to this study. We are grateful to Ruth Herd and Mahina Rerehau-Richards for the skilful manner in which they facilitated focus group discussions with Māori participants complying with kaupapa Māori protocols. We are also grateful to Dr Grace Wang for facilitating the Asian focus group. We thank Dr Nick Garrett for supplying data and information from the New Zealand National Gambling Study and assisting the team in effectively using that data to support the current study. We also wish to thank Christine Hanley for her assistance with the hosting and management of the two online surveys. We are very appreciative of the time that Professor Denise Wilson and Dr Nick Garrett gave to scanning different parts of the report for appropriate language and interpretations in their various areas of expertise. Finally, we thank the New Zealand Ministry of Health who provided the funding for this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Social Impacts of Gambling in New Zealand
    Assessment of the Social Impacts of Gambling in New Zealand Report to Ministry of Health by Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation & Te Ropu Whariki P O Box 6137, Wellesley St, Auckland December 2008 © Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation & Te Ropu Whariki ISBN 1 877428 12 4 Acknowledgements0B This research was funded by the Ministry of Health. The report of the project was primarily written by En-Yi (Judy) Lin and Sally Casswell with analysis by Ru Quan (Ryan) You. Brian Easton contributed the material on the economic analysis of the social cost of gambling (pg 66 – 75) with analysis by Ru Quan You. Other SHORE and Whariki researchers who contributed to this project are: Kay Hammond, Taisia Huckle, Melissa Girling, Lanuola Asiasiga, Helen Moewaka Barnes, John Huakau, Paul Sweetsur. Professor Jurgen Rehm advised on the project during a visit to SHORE. Lorna Dyall (Ngati Maniapoto), Lanuola Asiasiga and En-Yi Lin served as cultural advisors to the project. We acknowledge the work of the interviewing staff of the SHORE/Whariki inhouse Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing System who carried out the interviews and the supervisors (Mary Blade, Nikki Ngatai and Lynda Gale). Finally, we are very grateful to the more than 7000 New Zealand residents who gave their time to answer the questions and without whom this research would not have been possible. Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation & Te Ropu Whariki 3 Te Runanga, Wananga, Hauora me te Paekaka Table1B of Contents Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................0B 3 Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 8 Introduction2B ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gambling and Problem Gambling in Oregon
    GAMBLING AND PROBLEM GAMBLING IN OREGON Report to the Oregon Gambling Addiction Treatment Foundation Rachel A. Volberg, Ph.D. Gemini Research, Ltd. P.O Box 628 Northampton, MA 01061 Tel: 413-584-4667 Email: [email protected] August 26, 1997 Gambling and Problem Gambling in Oregon TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 Defining Problem and Pathological Gambling .............................................................................. 3 METHODS ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Questionnaire ................................................................................................................................ 5 Sample Design .............................................................................................................................. 5 Data Analysis and Reporting ........................................................................................................ 7 GAMBLING
    [Show full text]
  • Online Gambling in New Zealand: Results from the 2018 Health and Lifestyles Survey
    Online gambling in New Zealand: Results from the 2018 Health and Lifestyles Survey With the advance of mobile and digital technology, we can gamble almost anywhere. The percentage of New Zealanders gambling online is increasing. This report presents results from the 2018 Health and Lifestyles Survey (HLS). It focuses on the profile of online gamblers and the types of online gambling in which they participated. We compared findings against the previous surveys’ findings where possible. Online gamblers are those who gambled over the internet on New Zealand hosted websites and apps (domestic), or on overseas hosted websites, in the last 12 months. Key Points • Over 520,000 (13%) New Zealand adults (aged 15-years and over) took part in online gambling in 2018. • 1 in 5 (20%) gamblers1 gambled online in the previous 12 months. • The most common form of online gambling was buying a Lotto New Zealand product. • Online gamblers were over twice as likely to be at-risk of some level of gambling In 2018 related harm compared to gamblers who did not gamble online. 1 in 10 New Zealand adults gambled online in the past 12 months 1 Gambler is defined as a respondent who was involved in at least one gambling activity in the past 12 months. Gambling activities range from those taking place in gambling venues, such as pokies in pubs and clubs, to buying Lotto NZ tickets (in a store or online), playing Bingo in a church hall, or buying a ticket for a fund-raising lottery, to informal betting with friends on the Melbourne Cup.
    [Show full text]
  • Responsible Gambling and the Communication to Customers Through Casino Websites
    Responsible Gambling and the Communication to Customers through Casino Websites Bachelor Thesis for Obtaining the Degree Bachelor of Science International Management Submitted to Ph.D. Ivo Ponocny Alexander Ullmann 1311046 Vienna, 15th February 2019 Affidavit I hereby affirm that this Bachelor’s Thesis represents my own written work and that I have used no sources and aids other than those indicated. All passages quoted from publications or paraphrased from these sources are properly cited and attributed. The thesis was not submitted in the same or in a substantially similar version, not even partially, to another examination board and was not published elsewhere. 15th February 2019 Date Signature 2 Abstract The gambling industry is growing at a fast pace due to the proliferation of internet and digital media. Both online and offline gambling businesses are becoming recognized more and more around the globe. However, gambling brings the dilemma of social, political and financial problems at the individual as well as the collective level. This research study seeks methods of preventing the gamblers from social and economic destructive effects by controlling the gaming attitude. 52 websites referring to casino companies operating in North America and Europe were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The analysis included various strategies used by the companies regarding the incorporation of responsible behavior of gambling in promotion and marketing. Results show that the responsibility in gambling behavior could be induced through raising awareness of the consequences when the addiction to gambling takes over the control of individuals. Instead of playing with their patrons’ imagination by promising fun and large sums of money, casinos should communicate in a more serious manner by promoting ways to minimize the addiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Gambling Machines in NZ
    Electronic gambling machines in New Zealand: A local government policy analysis Christopher Erwin, Gail Pacheco, Alexandra Turcu1 Abstract In many countries, problem gambling is a significant public health concern. Gambling addiction has been linked to poor health, psychological distress, financial difficulties, and strained interpersonal relationships. In New Zealand, problem gambling is estimated to affect over ten percent of the population. To minimize harm, the Gambling Act of 2003 was introduced to limit the number of electronic gaming machines in non- casino establishments. Beyond national-level restrictions, local governments were required to adopt gambling policies of their own and review them every three years. One specific policy that emerged at the local level, found exclusively in New Zealand, is the sinking lid. Sinking lids are designed to gradually reduce machine caps by prohibiting the transfer of gaming licenses. This study leverages variation in the geography and timing of local policy interventions to estimate the effect of sinking lids on gambling expenditure. Results suggest that sinking lids reduce problem gambling expenditure by 13 percent relative to regions not adopting policies beyond national-level restrictions. We also find some evidence that sinking lids reduce the uptake of gambling intervention services. JEL Classification: C23, D04, Z31 Key Words: sinking lid, problem gambling, electronic gaming machines Acknowledgements: This study was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Health. We would like to thank the Ministry of Health and Department of Internal Affairs for providing data. We would like to thank Arthur Grimes (Motu and Victoria University of Wellington) and Matthew Browne (School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia) for review feedback on a draft version.
    [Show full text]