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Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005

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Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005 Problem Gamblng Geography of New Zealand 2005 Publc Health Intellgence Montorng Report No. 7 Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005 The author of this report is Kylie Mason, Advisor (Statistics/GeoHealth), Public Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health Citation: Ministry of Health. 2006. Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Published in July 2006 by the Ministry of Health PO Box 5013, Wellington, New Zealand ISBN 0-478-29967-2 (Book) ISBN 0-478-29968-0 (Internet) HP 4254 This document is available on the Ministry of Health webpage: http://www.moh.govt.nz/problemgambling – Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005 Foreword Gambling opportunities have increased in the past decade, and gambling venues are now widespread throughout the country. Gambling-related harm is an emerging social and health issue. Public Health Intelligence, the epidemiology group of the Ministry, monitors the Ministry of Health’s problem gambling research programme, which includes monitoring the prevalence and various aspects of problem gambling in New Zealand. The present report provides critically important information on the geographical context of gambling and problem gambling in New Zealand. In particular, the report looks at where certain types of gambling activities are accessible to the population, and where intervention services (such as face-to-face counselling services) for gambling problems are available. The report presents maps of gambling venues and problem gambling intervention services in each administrative area of District Health Boards and territorial authorities. The report highlights the need to better understand the relationship between accessibility of gambling opportunities and harmful gambling behaviour. This report will be useful for problem gambling service providers, as well as District Health Boards and territorial authorities. Comments on this report are welcomed and should be sent to Public Health Intelligence, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, PO Box 5013, Wellington. Barry Borman Manager (Epidemiologist) Public Health Intelligence Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005 Acknowledgements Kylie Mason (Public Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health) prepared and wrote this report. Dyfed Thomas (Public Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health) carried out additional spatial analysis. The author gratefully acknowledges valuable input from the peer reviewers: Dr Jason Landon, Shayne Nahu, Dr Niki Stefanogiannis, Dr Paul White, Jenny Skinner, Dr Darren Hunt, Maraea Johns (Ministry of Health), John Markland (Department of Internal Affairs) and Jules Garland (Problem Gambling Foundation). The author would also like to thank the following people and organisations for providing the data for this report: Krista Ferguson from Gambling Helpline, Terry Huriwai from the Ministry of Health, John Markland and others from the Department of Internal Affairs, Statistics New Zealand, and all the problem gambling treatment providers who supplied information about their locations and services. v Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005 Contents Foreword ..........................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................iv Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................vii Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Background .................................................................................................................. 1 Objectives .................................................................................................................... 3 Data sources and methods ............................................................................................... 4 Data sources ................................................................................................................ 4 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 6 Distribution of gambling venues ....................................................................................... 9 Overview ...................................................................................................................... 9 Non-casino gaming machines ..................................................................................... 12 Casinos ...................................................................................................................... 15 TAB outlets ................................................................................................................. 16 Gambling venues by socioeconomic deprivation decile............................................... 16 Regional analysis of gambling venues and problem gambling services ............................ 19 Analysis by District Health Board ............................................................................... 21 Analysis by territorial authority ................................................................................... 23 Analysis by urban area ................................................................................................ 29 Travel distance analysis .............................................................................................. 34 Discussion and conclusion ............................................................................................. 37 Appendix 1: Locations of problem gambling counselling services .................................... 39 References ...................................................................................................................... 43 Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005 v Fgures Figure 1: Gambling expenditure in New Zealand by gambling activity, 1992–2005 ....... 9 Figure 2: Map of gambling venues in New Zealand ...................................................... 11 Figure 3: Number of non-casino gaming machines (NCGMs) in New Zealand, 1994–2005 .................................................................................................. 12 Figure 4: Number of non-casino gaming machines (NCGMs) per venue, 31 March 2003 and 30 June 2005 ................................................................. 13 Figure 5: Map of non-casino gaming machine venues, 31 March 2003 and 30 June 2005 ......................................................................................... 14 Figure 6: Distribution of non-casino gaming machines by deprivation decile, as at 31 March 2003 and 30 June 2005 ......................................................... 16 Figure 7: Distribution of TABs by deprivation decile as at 4 January 2005 ..................... 17 Figure 8: Distribution of Ma¯ori and Pacific peoples by NZDep2001 decile .................... 17 Figure 9: Map of District Health Boards and territorial authorities in New Zealand ........ 20 Figure 10: Density of non-casino gaming machines (NCGMs) per 10,000 people by District Health Board, as at 30 June 2005 ...................................................... 21 Figure 11: Density of non-casino gaming machines (NCGMs) per 10,000 people by territorial authority, as at 30 June 2005 ......................................................... 24 Figure 12: Map of problem gambling services and distances to these services, October 2005 ............................................................................................... 35 Tables Table 1: Geocoding accuracy levels ............................................................................... 7 Table 2: Main problem gambling mode of gamblers, 2004 .......................................... 10 Table 3: Casino gaming machines in New Zealand, 2005............................................. 15 Table 4: Risk factors for problem gambling by socioeconomic deprivation decile ......... 18 Table 5: Summary of gambling venues and problem gambling services by District Health Board ..................................................................................... 22 Table 6: Problem gambling summary by territorial authority, 2005 ................................. 25 Table 7: Problem gambling summary by main and secondary urban area .................... 30 Table 8: Problem gambling summary by minor urban area ........................................... 32 v Problem Gambling Geography of New Zealand 2005 Executve Summary This report describes the geographic distribution of gambling venues and problem gambling counselling services in New Zealand. It provides information to help determine areas that may need further problem gambling counselling services, and examines trends from 2003 to 2005 in both gambling opportunities and problem gambling counselling provision. The report draws on a variety of sources, including the locations of non-casino gaming machines, Totalisator Agency Board (TAB) outlets, casinos, and problem gambling counselling services, new client data for both face-to-face gambling counselling and the Gambling Helpline, and population data. The analysis was carried out at the levels of District Health Board, territorial authority and urban area. The analyses show that gambling venues are widespread throughout New Zealand. Since 2003, the number of non-casino
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