Vol. XVII No. 12 December, 1962 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

a FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD. (corner Fairfax Rd.). London, N.W.S Otfice and Consulting Hours: Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096'7 (General oflice and Welfare for the Aged) Motiday to Thursday "[Q a.m.—l p.m. 3- 6 p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by the L.C.C.. and Social Services Dept.) Friday 10 a.m.-l p.m.

Menachem Gerson (Kibbutz Hasorea) integrity and elan vital there were in abundance, but these were matched by an excess of extra­ vagant and vaporous romanticism. Never before or since has German youth been led to remove THE GERMAN YOUTH MOVEMENT itself so far from realities." It was only the Freischar which between 1925 and 1933 attempted An Assessment of its Impact in their labour camps to draw together different social strata of young people, to live and work together for a few weeks and to discuss the burn­ Walter Z. Laqueur, an author of German- sonality never allowed him to fulfil the guiding ing political and social problems. But their efforts Jewish origin, has, in his new book* given us the role his gifts had predestined him for—neither touched only a small fraction of German youth. first history of the German Youth Movement in the youth movement, nor at his school, nor in The way towards a common ideology was not published in English. This was not an easy task, the Ministry of Education after the revolution of found by the Youth Movement. as the members of the Movement did not excel in 1918. Yet there is little doubt that Wickersdorf literary expression. It had so many faces and had a significant influence on the type of school In the meantime, a new force grew up: thc facets, that it is difficult for any author to give created by the Kibbutz Movement in Israel. Hitler Youth. Its success was remarkably small the picture as a whole without getting lost in Laqueur does not mention this fact, although he as long as it had to rely on its educational and details. mentions the interest the Soviets took in ideological strength. In January 1932, when the Wyneken's creation. Nazis were already the strongest political party in Laqueur has collected rich material for his the country, the Hitler Youth had fewer than book. Factual mistakes seem to be very rare Altogether, the Jewish aspect is quite neglected 1.000 members in the German capital! But in indeed. (One of them is the attribution of Buber's in this book (even though the author lived for 1933, they were given the monopoly for youth famous saying about youth as " mankind's eternal years in a kibbutz in Israel). It is dealt with in work, all the other youth movements and Buende chance of fortune " to Wyneken.) He takes a firm the chapter describing the antisemitic tendencies were dissolved. This was the end of the German stand on questions of principle, e.g., when he of the youth movement. Theirs was a sort of Youth Movement. Sporadic attempts to revitalise rejects the widespread oversimplification that the " cultural antisemitism " which regarded Jews as it after 1945 met with no success. German youth, German Youth Movement was a direct antecedent strangers in Germany who should develop their after the war. had no longings for a world of of Nazism. own culture. The resulting expulsion of Jewish autonomous youth. Nor were they rebels against members of course accelerated the creation of the world of their elders. Preoccupation with The history of the Wandervogel is retold in a Jewish youth movements. concise and exhaustive way, against the back­ personal interests and private careers has been ground of a saturated German bourgeoisie which The second phase of the German Youth Move­ the common characteristic of the adult and young could offer little guidance to its sons and ment began when its members had to face the generations in post-war Germany. daughters. The Wandervogel was not a politically- new reality of post-war Germany, after the Many of the Buende had certainly some minded movement. " They wanted a change in revolution of 1918. Political escapism had ideological elements in common with the Nazis. human relations, and there was no certainty that characterised the first phase. Now, as reality They were great believers in order, authority, the these could be changed by a new political and became harsher and social tensions in Germany Fuehrer principle and Grossdeutsches Reich ; they social system. . . . The Wandervogel shows the sharpened, its insufficiency became apparent. As were also antisemitic. But their political influence other form of protest against society—romanti­ Laqueur puts it: "The fact that various people was irrelevant because of their lack of a common cism ". It was a movement of middle-class youth, had belonged in their youth to a group of ideology. It is unwarranted to regard the Youth with its centres in the big towns. ramblers was more or less accidental; there was really no good reason to perpetuate this in later Movement as one of the sources of National life, for their interests would undoubtedly broaden Socialism. The dissolution of the youth move­ Beginnings of the Wandervogel and differ—and so would their political, cultural ments in the first year of the Nazi regime and social orientation. Only a clear purpose indicates that this accusation is not justified. The author describes in detail the new style of would hold a group of adults together ; but did Laqueur formulates the differences as follows: life which was fostered in the Wandervogel. such a common platform exist ? " "The Youth Movement did not appeal to the During the following decades it was destined to mass instincts, nor did it develop an ideology of exert a great influence on the life of youth—far its own, because it saw the prospect of a better beyond the boundaries of the German Youth Penetration of Politics Germany not in terms of political action, but of Movement. Laqueur does not always show a the education of a new dlite from the ranks of deep understanding of this style of life. His In a most informative chapter, Laqueur des­ the younger generation." Thus the Youth Move­ remark that " they made it a rule to sleep in barns cribes the penetration of political consciousness ment could never play an important role in rather than hotels " would sound like sacrilege to into the Youth Movement and the ensuing struggle Germany's political and cultural life. It remained readers who can speak from personal experience. between Left and Right. Newly founded journals within the boundaries of a personal experience, On the other hand, he is certainly right in des­ ("Der Anfang", "Der Aufbruch") sounded the " the experience of personal integration into a cribing the special meaning of this style for a clarion call for active participation in politics. charismatic group". bourgeois youth, which was guided by neither But as early as 1919, there began the polarisation Laqueur gives the following summing up of the socialism nor religion and could have become an which was to put an end to any hope for a united, Youth Movement: " It contributed much to the easy prey for a purely hedonistic outlook. "It politically conscious Youth Movement. Right- gradual transformation of German education. . . . acted as an important corrective to selfishness ; wing nuclei were formed, which gathered under It invented and developed patterns of youth life neither the school nor the parental home could the banner of a "voelkisch" approach, but were —of groups, of leadership, of rambling and com­ provide boys and girls of that age with the inner much too individualistic to find their way to the munal singing—that have survived widely in discipline and the comradeship that the youth Nazis. On the other hand, important leaders of adapted forms. ... Its young men and women movement demanded from every member ". This the Freideutsche joined the Left-wing Socialists developed qualities of sincerity, decency, open- created certain human qualities which remained or became Communists. throughout adulthood. As one of the leaders mindedness and idealism. . . . The main defects of expressed it in 1954: "It is impossible to imagine In the beginning, there existed some illusion that the Youth Movement were confused thinking, anybody who ever felt anything of the ethos of political differences would not harm the unity of inadequate social courage and responsibility, and the youth movement as a commandant of Ausch­ the Freideutsche, as long as beliefs were sincerely a profoundly illiberal outlook. It tended, like witz or as a G.P.U. manhunter." held. But at Hofgeismar (1920) bitter con­ the Romantics before them, to venerate the troversies between Communists and Right-wingers Middle Ages in contrast to the modern world, proved that political differences left no scope for and to exalt the peasant way of life above that of During the first period, ending in the Youth industrial society, to an extent which disqualified Rally of the Hohe Meissner, 1913, the central a united movement. Some sought refuge in com­ munal settlements (the most famous : the Bruder- it for dealing with present realities. . . . This anti- personality of the movement was the educa­ rationalism caused them to be easily swayed in tionalist and philosopher, Gustav Wyneken. He hof); the majority, however, had to make a decision and joined either one of the Left-wing different directions by philosophical charlatans was the spiritual father of the idea that youth, and political demagogues preaching all kinds of having its special values, has to develop its own or of the Right-wing parties and Buende. eccentric doctrines ". cultural style, and he tried to realise this idea at There is little doubt that the Right-wingers pre­ his school (Wickersdorf). It was a tragedy that vailed numerically. The Buende, under the While " Young Germany " reveals a deep under­ Wyneken's over-ambitious and complicated per- esoteric influence of Stefan George, made a standing of the special features of the German * Walter Z. Laaueur; Yoons Gennany. 1962. RouUedge romantic attempt to cope with reality. As « Kegan Paul. Loodon. 35s. Laqueur says: " Youthful idealism, personal Continued on page 2, column 1 I! Page 2 AJR INFORMATION December, 1962 The German Youth Movement FROM THE GERMAN SCENE Continued from page 1 TRIAL OF COMMANDO GROUP LEADER GATHERING OF GERMAN EX-PRISONERS scene, this cannot be said about the preface by OF WAR R. H. S. Crossman. True, Crossman is right in The leading Prosecutor in Dortmund is engaged stating that the Youth Movement had its share in in investigating the case of Wemer Schoenemann The annual meeting of the " Arbeitskreis undermining enthusiasm for democracy in Ger­ who is charged with murder. Featherstone" was held recently in Dusseldorf. many. But then he goes on with the contention The accused was the leader of a Commando The "Arbeitskreis Featherstone" is a group of that the German Youth Movement was an former German Prisoners of War who were analogue to the public school system in England, Group of Einsatzgruppe B, which in 1941 in in so far as small numbers of members and great Central Russia was actively engaged in activities encamped in Featherstone Park, Northumberland. to destroy the Jewish population. This group has been organised by Mr. Herbert influence on public life are concemed. This seems Sulzbach, a Jewish Refugee from Germany, who .u us a rather formal and far-fetched comparison. Schoenemann's Commando Group was in Even more misleading is his remark that it was the was a British officer at Featherstone. action for the period from July until the begin­ The meeting in Dusseldorf was attended by function of the Youth Movement to provide a ning of October, 1941, amongst other places in framework for the rebellion against parent and more than one hundred former German officers Slonim, Borissow, Knoloponitsche, Krupka, who had been in the camp. home, which adolescents experience in any Smolewitsche and Zembin. bourgeois society. We believe that this sort of The main address at the gathering was given by collective rebellion, based not only on the striving Any persons who may be able to assist in the the former German Ambassador in London. Herr for i>sychological independence, but on a different enquiries connected with this case should contact von Herwarth, who is now Secretary of State to set of social values—was a rather unique feature the leading Prosecutor in Dortmund: Saarbruecker the Federal President. In his address about Anglo- of "Youth Culture". Strasse 5-9, quoting reference — Aktenzeichen German relations he pointed out that the develop­ 45 Js 38/61. ments in Germany from 1933 onwards had Laqueur is not an educationist. Perhaps this shattered the feelings of the British people more is the reason why the reader is left with the feeling MASS MURDERS IN POLAND than probably those of any other nation. The that the book does not do full justice to a fact that the British first underestimated the phenomenon, the life-blood of which was educa­ Witnesses are being sought for a series of danger of the Nazi regime had also its bearing tion. We cannot blame the author for not being investigations into Nazi crimes in Poland now on their attitude to post-war Germany : in the able fully to understand phenomena which have being undertaken by the West German authorities. hght of past experience they wer« not easily no rationale and which reveal their essence only inclined to have confidence in the prevalence of to the participant observer; this applies, for The cases all involve men accused of mass democratic forces in the Federal Republic, and it instance, to Laqueur's poor descriptions of meet­ murder, deportations and torturing of Jews in a was bound to take some time until this distrust ings in the " Heim " or of the personal experiences number of ghettoes and labour camps. They would be overcome. encountered in rambling (" Fahrt"). But criticism involve crimes against the Jews of Radzyn and the is warranted with regard to the author's descrip­ following towns in the Radzyn district : DACHAU MEMORIAL tion of the principal achievements of the Youth Miedzyrzed, Lukow. Parczew, Serokomia, Wohyn, Czemeierniki and Debowa. Following complaints by persons who sur­ Movement. The following three main achieve­ vived imprisonment in Dachau, German refugees ments, although mentioned in the book, do not Witnesses are also being sought against the are to be evacuated from the camp's old barracks. seem to be adequately evaluated : murderers of Jews in Czestochowa. At present Work to transform the former Nazi concentration criminal investigations are being conducted against camp into a memorial site will begin at the end Evaluation of Achievements Georg Schlosser and others in Bamberg and against of next year, the Bavarian Minister of Finance Paul Degenhardt and four others in Lueneburg. has announced. 1. It was the merit of the German Youth Move­ Anyone with information about these crimes or Attempts to build a memorial to victims of ment that it discovered youth as a decisive period the men involved should communicate with : I>r. Nazism in Dachau have so far only partly in life, with specific problems and possibilities. Nehemiah Robinson, Director. World Jewish materialised because alternative accommodation Meanwhile the notion that the adolescent is not Congress Institute of Jewish Affairs, 15 East 84th had to be found for refugees living in the camp just an incomplete adult who has to be rushed Street, New York 28, N.Y., U.S.A.—(J.C.) barracks.—(J.C.) to adulthood as quickly as possible has become very familiar indeed through modern psycholo^. CHURCH LEADER ON GUILT But it was the German Youth Movement which PROCEEDINGS AGAINST S.S. MEN Herr Kurt Schaerf, Chairman of the Council discovered this all-important educational fact and of the German Evangelical Church, addressed succeeded in providing an educational framework Thc trial of twelve former S.S. men charged with mass killings continues at Coblenz. a Christian audience of 2,000 people in Ober­ for the experience (" Erlebnis •") of youth. hausen. He expressed the view that West German The principal defendant, Georg Heuser, 49- 2. TTiis was ensured mainly by an ingenious reaction to war crimes trials taking place in year-old head of the Rhineland-Palatinate criminal that country was often negative and showed that and simple idea: the conception of the young investigation department until his arrest three years youth leader and his group—the most characteristic even Christians were not prepared to repent and ago., was questioned about a small band of atone. feature of Youth Movement education. If the Russian Jewi^ partisans who were tied to a stake young leader really devoted himself to his educa­ in the middle of a bonfire and humed to death Recognition of German guilt and repentance tional task, he created a great opportunity of on the orders of the S5. chief in Minsk. The for it, said Herr Schaerf, were the only means, character development and intellectual growth partisans had thrown a bomb at the S.S. head­ to national recovery from the Nazi past and both for himself and for his youngsters. quarters. towards regaining the respect of other nations. Present proceedings against German war criminals 3. There were certainly some problematic Rudolf Schlegel, charged with the murder of constituted an act of justice and were not, as features inherent in the sexual ethos of the youth 5,200 men, women and children, told the court some would have it, a national shame and movement (and the author has dealt with them). of the day-long operation in which the Jewish disaster. It was the deeds of the past which But the great achievement of the Youth Move­ popukations of the Russian towns of Slonim and constituted the shame and disaster.—(J.C.) ment in this field remains undisputed; it dis­ SHuzk were murdered by a Nazi commando unit, covered that adolescent boys and girls can regard ANTI-NAZI EDUCATION each other not only as sexual partners but also as of which he was a member. He said he had comrades. At the beginning of our century this pleaded in vain to be relieved of his duties, but Historians from several European countries, was a revolutionary discovery. Even today it his commanding officer had told him he must including Britain, attended a meeting of the Inter­ has penetrated only a comparatively small strata obey orders. Fearing for his own life he had national Commission for Education in History of Biodem society. It became the basis for a new lacked the courage to offer any further resistance held in West Berlin. approach to soaal, cultural and sexual relations to taking part in the murders. Their object was to study how the Nazi period between the sexes. A similar excuse was put forward by Friedrich should be presented to school children in text­ Merbach, charged with the murder of 24,000 books. Numerous suggestions for improvement These three achievements should be accorded were made during the discussions. their full weight if an evaluation of the German people. Franz Stark, charged with 4,652 murders Youth Movement is attempted. Siaid that he admitted every crime and was ashamed. We have already mentioned another short­ coming of Laquer's book: his evasiveness con­ Arthur Wilke, a teacher accused of 3,000 kill­ Gorta Radiovision cerning thei Jewish Youth Movement. As a ings, pleaded orders and a military emergency matter of fact, the Jews are the only ones, besides in his defence. He said he had taken part in Service the Germans, who had a Youth Movement in the several executions as well as in an " operation " original meaning of the term. But, as opposed in the Sluzk ghetto. The scenes beside the death (Member R.T.R.A.) to the German, the Jewish Youth Movement quite ditches were so horrible, he declared, that he had early recognised the importance of a common almost fainted. All members of his unit had been 13, Frognal Parade, ideology. This enabled it to hold its adult mem­ " very unhappy" but had no altemative but to Fmchley Road, N.WJ carry out orders. bers together and to make a decisive contribution SALES REPAIRS to a revolutionary and constructive movement: Karl Dahlheimer, another of the accused, told the Kibbutz Movement in Israel. Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, the court that the massacres had nearly driven Gnindig, etc. Despite these critical remarks, we fully him mad. At one execution the victims were Refrigerators, Washing-Machines Stocked appreciate the importance of Laqueur's book as Austrian and Gennan Jews, " They impressed me Mr. Gort will cdways be pleased to the first history in English of a movement which deeply by their calmness and composure when advise you. had a deep impact, not only on German youth, they stepped naked into the ditch to be shot."— (HAM. 8635) but also on education in general. (J.C.) II AJR INFORMATION December, 1962 Page 3 II HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA COUNCIL OF CHRISTL^NS GENOCIDE CONVENTION Deputies' Emergency Fund AND JEWS WARNS The Council of Christians and Jews has pub­ Mr. Harold Wilson, Labour's shadow Foreign A nationwide emergency appeal for funds to lished a pamphlet in the light of recent fascist Secretary, in the House of Commons put forward meet the needs of defence work and other activities in this country. The pamphlet, entitled a formal request by the Opposition for the financial requirements has been launched by the " The Religious Factor in Antisemitism", calls Government to accede to the United Nations Board of Deputies, meeting in Manchester for only on all Christians to do everything in their power Genocide convention. "The case is more urgent the second time in its history. to avoid giving any cause of misunderstanding in today," he declared, " because of the resurgency The Board, said its President, Sir Bamett their presentation of the Jewish background of of evil Nazi anti-racial doctrines in this country, Janner, M.P., was running at a deficit instead of Christianity, "of the part played by this or that and the Government can do something to make putting by a reserve fund for the kind of section of the Jewish people in connection with their position plain by ratifying this Convention." emergency now facing the community through the life, teaching and death of Jesus and of the The Lord Privy Seal, Mr. Edward Heath fascist and neo-Nazi activities. proper Christian attitude to the Jewish people in refused to consider a change in the Govemment's our times ". position. The House, he said, had been told why Training for Defence An analysis is given of antisemitism and the the Government had regretfully to refuse Council puts forward a number of "practical ratification of the Convention even though they suggestions" in the fight against antisemitism. were fully in accord with its purposes. Under the guidance of veterans from the Asso­ All Christian parents and teachers, it states, ciation of Jewish ex-Service Men and Women should be made aware of the grave responsibility (Ajex), Anglo-Jewish youth is to be trained on a they assume in the presentation of the Passion BRITISH NAZIS CONVICTED grand scale in Jewish defence and anti-defamation Story and of the risk they run, however uninten­ work. tionally, of implanting an aversion in the Colin Jordan, the leader of the National Special courses in public speaking, Jewish conscious or subconscious minds of children by Socialist Movement and Commander of its Spear­ affairs and the methods and arguments of the careless teachmg. It suggests the introduction of head Section, was sentenced to nine months' fascists will be provided through existing youth development at all stages of religious instruction imprisonment at the Central Criminal Court. He organisations all over Britain, together with in schools of a more sympathetic and more pro­ and three other Nazis were found guilty on two training in physical courses. The aim is also to found study of the Biblical and post-Biblical charges of organising and equipping the Spear­ train the younger generation for the time when history of the Jewish people and also of " the head movement in such a way as to arouse they will have to take over the burden of anti- Jewish problem."—(J.C.) reasonable apprehension that it was being defamation work now being carried by Ajex organised for the purpose of using or displaying members. force in promoting a political object.—(J.C.) VICAR INDICTS ANTISEMFTISM Weizmann Anniversary Remembered The Rev. Malcolm Sutton, a Harrow vicar SWASTIKA ON SYNAGOGUE WALL writing in his parish magazine, has stated that " no Veterans of the Zionist Movement gathered in other single nation in all the world, in the whole A two-foot-high swastika and the words the Weizmann Room at 77 Great Russell Street of human history, can have suffered as much in " We're back " were daubed on the front wall of to commemorate the memory of Dr. Chaim Weiz­ all comers of the world as the Jewish people the St. Albans Synagogue, Herts. A mile away mann who was, for 30 years, the President of the have done ". British Zionist Federation and was, at the time "Six million Jews died in concentration camps another swastika, with the words " Jews Out", of his death ten years ago. President of the State during the war. For centuries they have been was daubed on the wall of a building. of Israel. humiliated, despised, insulted, ostracised, burned News of the outrage was given to The Jewish Addresses were delivered by Mr. Jacob Halevy, alive, hanged and tortured for no other reason Chronicle by the perpetrators. They dictated a Lord Marks, Sir Bamett Janner, M.P. and Dr. S. than that of being Jews. Many of these terrible message saying: "Task Force Eichmann speak­ Levenberg. things were done—alas—by people who were ing. We have personally daubed the St. Albans President Ben-Zvi headed the gathering of Christian in name and profession. Truly we Synagogue with swastikas and slogans and we thousands of people who attended a ceremony in should hang our heads in shame and penitence have daubed antisemitic slogans all over St. Rehovot at which homage was paid to the when we approach a Jew". Albans. This is the Adolf Eichmann Task Force memory of President Weizmann.—(J.C. Corre­ signing off, Jews."—(J.C.) spondent) BISHOPS CONDEMN RACIAL HATRED INTERNATIONAL YOUTH CONFERENCE Disapproval of the recent manifestations of Temporary Shelter antisemitism was expressed by several bishops The international conference of Jewish youth when the Convocation of Canterbury unanimously Major Albert S. W. Joseph. President of the passed a resolution condemning racial hatred. organisations recently held in London, was Jews' Temporary Shelter, at the annual meeting Dr. A. S. Reeve, the Bishop of Lichfield, who described as " a success beyond our greatest of the Shelter stated that, despite the limitations proposed the motion, said that because there were expectations" by Mr. Eliahu Dobkin, a member set by the Commonwealth Immigration Act, no pogroms in England Jews tended to regard the of the Executive of the Jewish Agency and head " business " is still unfortunately booming. country as a place of true liberty and under­ of its Youth and Hechalutz Department. The past year had witnessed a very substantial standing. The Bishop of Worcester, seconding the Although the delegates represented many increase in demand for the Shelter's services. resolution, said that racial hatred was creating a countries and all shades of Jewish religious and Altogether 240 people had been accommodated corroding influence and was undermining the secular opinion, they managed either to reach and 12,795 night lodgings had been provided. Churches' task of reconciliation.—(J.C.) complete agreement on a number of important Most of the immigrants came from India. Aden questions, or decide on them in such a manner and North Africa. Lack of sufficient funds was, that the minorities, too, could ultimately accept as always, the Shelter's main problem. The MANCHESTER ANTI-FASCISTS them, stated Mr. Dobkin.—(J.C.) Shelter's appeal for £75,000 had so far produced About 500 people marched through the centre less than half that sum. The community was not of Manchester in heavy rain on a march organised TEACHERS' TRAINING fulfilling its duty. by the Northem Council Against Fascism. The largest contingent was that of the Associa­ The Chief Rabbi is to investigate the possibility School Project in Liverpool tion of Jewish Ex-Service Men and Women. of setting up a college to train teachers for Jewish primary day schools in this country. This was Others represented the Manchester, Salford and An appeal to the Liverpool community for Stockport Labour Parties, the University Jewish decided at the National Conference of Jewish £100.000 towards the cost of the projected new Society, the Communist Party, the A.E.U., Young Day Schools. The aim of the conference was to Jewish primary school and for extensions now Socialists and the Manchester Peace Committee.— get together headmasters and school govemors being carried out at the King David School, has (J.C.) and allow them to discuss their problems. been launched. Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, the Hon. President of the committee, described the appeal as a challenge, responsibility and oppor­ tunity for the community. When the new primary school was opened they would have something which was unique: a set of schools in which there Feuchtwanc^er (London) Ltd. was no lack of continuity from the primary to the secondary and grammar. Bankers BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 Home for the Chronic Side Telephone: METropolitan 8151 The Friends of the London Jewish Hospital have launched a project for a " long-term " home RepraerUsng: for the chronic sick. Two adjoining houses in I. l_ FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. I FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION Hendon have been acquired where 18 to 20 TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA I 60 EAST 42ii4 ST.. NEW YORK. 17. N.Y. patients may be accommodated. Long-term cases will be given priority. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION December, 1962

HELPING ALGERIAN REFUGEES NEWS FROM ABROAD Baron Ehe de Rothschild of Paris appealed to a DEATH OF ELEANOR ROOSEVELT gathering at the Savoy Hbtel, London, to support SOUTH AFRICA the emergency appeal of the Central British Fund The death in New York on November 7th of and Ose (Corra) on behalf of the Algerian Jewish Repercussions of Israel's Vote Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt also means a grave loss refugees in France. for the Jewish people. As an outstanding Viscount Bearsted, the President of the Emer­ There is anxiety and unease among South humanitarian she always fought for the under­ gency Appeal Committee, said that he had always Africa's 105,000 Jews as they await further privileged, and it was only natural that the many hoped their job of relief and rehabilitation would repercussions after Israel's vote in the General causes to which she devoted herself also included end. " Yet, time and again, with man's Assembly of the United Nations in favour of active and effective work for the benefit of Jewish inhumanity to man, whole Jewish communities sanctions and other measures against Dr. and other refugees. were first persecuted and then uprooted". Now Verwoerd's Government. She was often honoured by Jewish organisations it was the turn of the Algerian Jewish community Dr. Verwoerd's newspaper, " Die Transvaaler," in recognition of the work she did for them. In to find itself in such a position, with most of its has given a warning that they " will have to 1952 she became World Patron of Children and members transported to France. He asked " those choose, just as the Jews of Israel have chosen, Youth Aliyah and soon after visited Israel to look of us who are the well-to-do and comfortable " where they stand : with South Africa or with after the work of resettlement. The Vocational to help the Algerian refugees in their present Israel. They can no longer be with both of Training Centre near Hadera is named after her. misfortune. them. And it is not South Africa which has Baron de Rothschild, the head of the fund- forced the choice on them, it is Israel." WARSAW GHETTO UPRISING raising drive of the Fonds Social Juif Unifie, pointed out that while the number of settled French Through her hostile attitude to South Africa, Big Pilgrimage Expected the writer declared, Israel had eliminated all Jews after the war was greatly diminished, the possibility of dual loyalty for South African Jews. When delegations of Jewish communities from Jewish community had to absorb over the post-war If Israel wished to carry out the sanctions for East and West meet in Poland next April to cele­ period a vast number of Jewish refugees from which she had voted, then she would have to brate the 20th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Eastern Europe and other parts of North Africa. close her diplomatic mission and end the El Al Uprising, Polish Jews hope the occasion will The French Government had promised assistance service. provide an opportunity for new and wider contacts in the case of all Algerian repatriates. " But our with Jews from outside. jroblem today is an emergency resulting frem the Last year, Dr. Verwocrd, in a statement act that when the dams in Algeria burst some retracting certain of his previous comments on Mr. Idel Korman, a member of the editorial board of the Warsaw paper " Folks-Sztyme " and 100,000 Jews who had lived in fear and terror Israel's attitude when she supported a vote of a member of the Executive of the Social and arrived in France within three months, completely censure on the South African delegate in the Cultural Union of Polish Jewry, who recently uprooted. Perhaps next year we shall be able Special Political Committee, remarked : " No one visited London, said that the response to the to cope with the problem ", the Baron said. must permit himself to be driven by propaganda, commemoration was very encouraging. " We The C.B.F., which launched its appeal in the and thus have a share in the awakening of race expect a bigger pilgrimage than we have ever middle of September, had undertaken to raise hatred. I wam that neither the action of Israel had before for the ghetto anniversary," he said.— £250,000 towards the funds urgently needed in at the United Nations nor the actions of certain (J.C.) France.—(J.C.) people in the land must lead to antisemitism." JEWS IN CUBA But even with this statement in mind. South YIDDISH CULTURE IN POLAND African Jews are aware that difficult days lie According to Mr. James P. Rice, Executive ahead.—(J.C.) The latest plenary session held in Warsaw of Director of the United Hias Service, there have the Executive of the Cultural and Social Union been no manifestations of antisemitism in Cuba Resolution Against Racialism of Polish Jews was attended by delegates from since the advent of the Castro regime. Neverthe­ about a dozen of the larger Polish cities. less, some two-fhirds of the country's 10,000 Jews The South African Federation of Student The need for greater emphasis on the teaching have left the country since Castro came to power. Jewish Associations at its annual conference of Yiddish and Jewish history and a new plan They left, stated Mr. Rice, because of the com­ passed a resolution reasserting its " faith in the for spreading Yiddish culture among the young plete change in the economic and social structure dignity and the worth of the individual without were two of the main items on the agenda. of the country and especially because of their regard to race, colour or creed ". It emerged that there was a considerable shortage concern over the indoctrination of their children of teachers in Polish-Jewish schools and that with Communist ideology.—(J.C. Correspondent) The Federation also expressed its conviction insufficient attention was being given to the study that everyone in South Africa should have the of the history of the Jewish people. fullest opportunity to develop according to his There were numerous appeals for " urgent" potential. steps to rectify this grave shortcoming. Members expressed satisfaction with the support which the KELLERGEIST COMPENSATION FOR DUTCH JEWS Polish Ministry of Education was giving to Yiddish schools and Jewish education generally. ADVISES A.J.R. READERS About 11,000 Jews wilt benefit from the agree­ —(J.C.) ment under which the West German Government will pay £10,850,000 in compensation to Dutch CHMELNIK REMEMBERED victims of Nazism. Altogether up to 67,000 Dutch citizens will receive some payment. Survivors from Chmelnik, near Kielce in Central Poland, commemorated the twentieth Jewish victims will receive compensation for anniversary of the destruction of the entire Jewish the time during which they were forced to wear population of their town by the Nazis. the Yellow Star. Compensation will also be paid The liquidation of the 500-year-old Jewish com­ for time spent in conentration camps in excess of munity, which in 1939 numbered about 12,000 three months. About 5,000 Jews are expected to persons, was one of the most bmtal and barbaric benefit under these two headings. Another 6,(K)0 acts in the bloodstained history of German will receive compensation as direct dependants of atrocities.—J.C. Correspondent) persons who died as victims of Nazism.—(J.C.) SENTENCED MEN " Pravda Ukraina " has published the names of Your House for-.— 14 of a group of 15 Jews who were sentenced by the Ukrainian Military Tribunal in Chernovitz CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO recently, after being found guilty of economic UPHOLSTERY offences. Choose Hollgarten— Six of the Jews were given death sentences. spfc/Aury This brings to 46 the number of Jews sentenced to death for economic offences. Choose Pine Wines CONTINENTAL DOWN Chernovitz, which Ukrainians now call Cherno- vitci, had a Jewish population of more than QUILTS! 50,000 in 1940, before the Nazi extermination.— Ask for them by aame! (J.C. Correspondent) ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS If you have any difficulty in finding LITHUANL^N FASCISTS SENTENCED tiJIUATlS FHIE HALLGARTEN wines, wrll* lo us The Supreme Court of Lithuania sentenced DAWSON-LANE LIMITED eight Lithuanians to death for their part in the for assistance mass execution of the Jews of Kaunas and other 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK localities during the Nazi occupation. Telephone: ARN. 6671 The accused, it was stated, were members of S. F. & 0. HALL6ARTEN the 13th Security Battalion organised by the Nazis rertonal ittentlon of Mr. W. Schachmann. for the express purpose of liquidating the Jewish I, Crutchad Friart. London, E.C.3 population of Lithuania.—(J.C.) tl

AJR INFORMATION December, 1962 Page 5 Robert Weltsch Old Acquaintances

Obituary: Karl Grune, the 72-year-old SALUTE TO ARNOLD ZWEIG Austrian-bom director of " Die Strasse ", " Die Brueder Schellenberg" and many other German films, has died in Bournemouth. Before the war Arnold Zweig, who has just celebrated his champions of individual freedom. But we should he directed " Abdul the Damned" in London, 75th birthday, is nowadays perhaps known not allow differences of opinion about political starring Kortner, and " Pagliacci", starring issues or, more correctly, about the cultural Richard Tauber.^jertrud Bernhard-Landsberger, only to comparatively few of the new genera­ implications of political situations, to obscure Georg Bemhard's widow, has died in New York tion on this side of the Iron Curtain. He lives Arnold Zweig's literary significance, nor to mar at the age of 80.—Stefan Ehrenzweig, a former on the other side of the " barricades " in this reminiscences of the past. contributor of " Das Tagebuch " and founder of divided world which, to our own surprise, has the art gallery Este, has also died in New York. Perhaps a time will come when we shall all This and That: A dubbed version of the become the pattem of our existence after the recognise another mistake of our youthful days: that politics is not the best and in any case not German " Hamlet", originally produced for TV victory over Hitler's dark forces. But to the the only way to the realisation of human values. and starring Maximilian Schell and Wanda Rotha, older generation already forty or fifty years The "activist" view preached in 1920 by Kurt was shown at the San Francisco Film Festival.— Alfred Eisenstaedt, who first had his photographs ago, Zweig was very popular as a writer, and Hiller and others, which induced men of letters, intellectuals and theorists, to try their hand in published in 1928 in Berlin's " Weltspiegel" and he has also always been a man of strong the field of political action, has not always yielded now works for "Life" in New York, has been Jewish—though not religious—convictions and the results we expected. It seems that the impact awarded this year's German Photographic Society a fighter for a better Jewish future. of literary and creative work is more solid and Prize.—Hans Deutsch, who publishes in Vienna more permanent. and who bought the Austrian monthly " Fomm ", My own acquaintance with Aronld Zweig edited by F. Torberg, is now financing Erwin Arnold Zweig had an ethical approach to Leiser's film about Hiroshima.—Lotte Lenya goes back to 1913, when he contributed an social problems and in a world of hard realities married Russell Detwiler in London.—Curt Siod­ essay " Die Demokratie und die Seele des and struggle for power, he could not always pre­ mak has scripted the German film " Feuerschiff ", Juden" (still worth reading today) to the vail. In East Germany he became President of starring James Robertson-Justice and directed by the Academy and of the P.E.N. Centre. L. Vayda.—" Paradies und Feuerofen", the book " Vom Judentum" published by the German documentary about Israel, which has been Students' association Bar Kochba, in Prague. The decisive motive of Zweig's adult hfe was the fight against reaction and inhumanity, and he dubbed in English and, introduced by Rabbi H. D. A year earher (1912) "Novellen um Claudia" saw the very incarnation of bestiality in Hitlerism, Arrow, of the U.S. Air Force, will be shown had appeared, the book which was his first or generally in fascism. When in 1948 he retumed in England and the States. Milestones: Betty Fischer, the once-famous great success. But his world fame dates from from what, in a speech at Hamburg in April 1961 he called "the emigration in Palestine", he diva of Viennese operettas, has reached her 75th " Der Streit um den Sergeanten Grischa" concluded that "the main reason for the decline birthday.—Dr. Erich Frey, one of the best-known (1927), one of the great works of Uterature, of the Weimar Republic, namely the split of the lawyers of the 'twenties in Berlin, turned 80 years of age in Santiago. and perhaps the most important post-war labour camp, had been abolished " (sc. in Eastern Germany). So, he went on, "we had the Home IS'etvs: Lotte Reiniger has exhibited her novel written in the German language. Many unconditional intention and conviction that Ger­ silhouettes in the foyer of the Everyman Cinema novels followed, though none, in my modest man literature should again become an anti­ in Hampstead.—Herbert Lom, together with Lex opinion, touched " Grischa " (which, as many fascist weapon in the battle of ideas of man­ Barker, appears in a Karl May film, "Schatz im kind. . . . "* This is not the place to enter into Silbersee ", produced for Germany in Yugoslavia. may remember, was also dramatised and an argument and certainly not where questions —Erich Kaestner's " Emil and the Detectives ", produced on the stage in Weimar Germany). of conscience are involved ; the quoted words adapted by Julius Gellner, will be staged at Her may be an explanation of Zweig's position. Majesty's for Christmas. " Grischa" was based on Zweig's own experi­ Books and Authors: Karl Otten, now living in ence during World War I in the German- Many of his friends have regretted that his Locarno, continues to neglect his own work in occupied Russian provinces, mainly Poland and stay in Palestine was for him only an episode, order to salvage the writings of Jewish writers Lithuania, where he had an opportunity to watch but it would be unjust to ascribe the reason to and poets which would otherwise be lost. In his the working of the German military machine. It him alone. He and his wife often ttill nostalgic­ newest book, "Schofar", published by Hermann also reflected the author's passionate champion­ ally remember the beauty of Mount Carmel. In Luchterhand, he has collected songs, poems and ship of justice and humanity. In wartime his period of Jewish nationalism, the idea of legends by Beer-Hofmann, Lasker-Schueler, Poland he also came into contact with Eastem humanity was, as always, paramount with him. Wolfskehl, Adler, Arno Nadel, Rubiner, Pemtz, Jewry which deeply impressed him. German We may assume that wherever he raised his Blass any many more.—For his book, " Die Jews, who at that time filled jobs in the voice, he must have suffered disappointment and literarische Welt", Willy Haas, of Hamburg's administration, became his friends: Hermann disillusionment—as actually many others, too, " Die Welt", received Frankfurt's Society of Struck. Sammy Gronemann and others, some have in similar or different circumstances. became the models for characters in his books. Literature Prize.—Gabrielc Tergit has bad her One result of his days in the East was the book In a moving message of goodwill he sent me book, " Kaiscrkron und Paeonienrot ", published "Das ostjiidische Antlitz", with etchings by on the occasion of my own birthday, he as a paper-back by Droemer, Munich.—Walter Hermann Stmck. After the war Zweig was active melancholically said that almost nothing has Slezak's autobiography, " When Does the Next in the Zionist Movement and was a frequent remained of our world of forty years ago ; but, Swan Leave ? ", has been published by Double- contributor to the " Judische Rundschau"; he added, we had " a common creative aim for day, New York.—Curt Riess has written thc indeed, for a short time he was a member of the the restoration of human culture, for the better­ history of Zurich's Schauspielhaus under the title staff of " Meinekestrasse ". His preoccupation ment of condiHons of our Jewish sons and of " Sein oder Nicht sein ".—Vicky's " Evening with the Jewish problem led him to write a com­ grandsons " and still today, he continued, we were Standard" cartoons will be published under the prehensive study on antisemitism and its psycho­ inspired by " active hope for a better world". title of "Twists", with an introduction by Ran­ logical and sociological impact ("Caliban" 1927). At 75, Arnold Zweig has not lost hope ; and I dolph Churchill.—The late Hermann Sinsheimer's can only reciprocate his own words : " Good luck " Shylock, die Geschichte einer Figur" has been It is impossible to enumerate all of Zweig's for life ('le-chayim!'). Strength for creative published by " Ner-Tamid-Verlag " ; a shortened works. From the very beginning he was fas­ activity," !o complete his literary work in good version published by Gollancz, London, first cinated by the Jewish problem. This found health; and perhaps we may add the wish that appeared in 1947. expression not only in such stories as " Die the strange walls erected between us by events Germany: Eric Burger's adaptation of Chayeff- Familie Klopfer" but most significantly in his over which we have no influence, may not sky's " The Tenth Man ", with Emil Feldmar and drama " Ritualmord in Ungam" (1915). later separate us for ever. Martin Berliner, was successfully produced in renamed " Die Sendung Semaels ", first performed Berlin.—Erwin Piscator launched his directorship in Vienna in 1919, when EUsabeth Bergner * Schriftstellcr: Ja-Saser oder Netn-Sacer ? HambDiser of Berlin's Volksbuehne with Hauptmann's created the role of Moritzel Scharf (it was, if I Slreitgesprtich dentscher Aatoran aas Ost and West. Riittcn " Atriden ".—Paul Hartmann will appear as Alba am not mistaken, her first appearance on the & Loening, Hamburg, 1961. in Gruendgens' Hamburg production of " Don stage); in the later Reinhardt production in Berlin Carlos ".—Max Zweig, a 70-year-old relative of the role of the Jewish boy was played by the the late Stefan Zweig, now living in Israel, had young Emst Deutsch. his play. " Saul", produced in Celle.—Grete Mosheim successfully appeared in "Nacht des Other works on Jewish subjects that deserve Leguan" at Cologne's theatre.—Liselotte Pulver mention are his " Juden auf der deutschen is playing Henny Porten's part in a remake of Buhne" (1928) and. after the catastrophe, "Bilanz " Kohlhiesels Toechter ".

TRIBUTES IN MEMORY OF MAX POTTLITZER Sir Henry d'Avigdor Goldsmid, M.P.. Chairman of the Allocations Committee of FAREWELL TO A TRUSTED FRIEND some thorough research work was carried out Ihe C.B.F., writes: which proved invaluable after the end of The news of Mr. Pottlitzer's death came as With the death of Max Pottlitzer which was hostilities. a shock to his colleagues on the Allocations announced in our previous issue, the AJR has At the same time he took a responsible part in Committee of the Central British Fund, to lost one of its most active responsible workers. building up and strengthening the foundations of whom he had rendered such valuable and the AJR. After having been a Board Member Among the members of the " inner circle", almost from the beginning he joined the Execu­ devoted service ever since its inception. which runs the day-to-day work of the AJR, he tive in 1945 and bwame Honorary Treasurer in His sympathy and his wide knowledge was associated with our activities for the 1949, an office he held until the end. When, in earned him the respect of all with whom he longest time. It was this continuity which 1960, the AJR Charitable Tmst was founded his came in contact, and no praise can be too high made him part and parcel of our work, and appointment as one of the Tmstees was the for his selfless generosity in the cause of the which makes it particularly hard to conceive obvious choice. He also held offices with organi­ community he served so well. His death will how to carry on without him. sations linked up with the AJR, such as the Coun­ be deeply regretted, and not least by those cil of Jews from Germany, the Leo Baeck former German refugees who benefited so On an occasion like this one tries to detect Charitable Tmst and the United Restitution the characteristic trait which first and foremost Organisation. Furthermore, he was one of the much from his completely unselfish work. shaped the personality of the deceased and from AJR's representatives at the Allocations Commit­ Mr. Bruno Woyda, Hon. Secretary of the which all other accomplishments derived. In tee of the Central British Fund. Each of these Council of Jews from Germany, writes : the case of Max Pottlitzer the outstanding burdensome offices was taken very seriously by Many of Max Pottlitzer's friends from near quality was service for the sake of service, free Max Pottlitzer. He had a sound judgment of the and far, who collaborated with him in Jewish from any personal ambitions. During the two refugee work, saw him for the last time on decades of co-operation not a single incident 26th August, 1962, at an extended meeting of comes to mind where personal considerations the Presidium of the Council of Jews from interfered with his sense of duty. He never Germany. put himself into the foreground, he never made We knew then that it was our last meeting a personal issue of his standing. It was not and the news of his peaceful passing seemed weakness, but the emanation of a balanced to us a merciful release. We knew, too, what personality whjch designed this attitude. His a loss his going meant. abstention from any personal antagonism did Max Pottlitzer was one of the men in our not mean that he was a sober, bureaucratic circle whose aim was to further right and routine worker; on the contrary, his service justice in this life by their influence and their to his fellow beings stood out by an unsur­ acts. For him no frontiers existed in our work passed urge and warmth. and this fact made him one of the leading His death occurred a few days before his 60th honorary workers of the Council of Jews from birthday. He was bom in Freystadt (Westem Germany. Pmssia) on October 19th, 1902. After the eariy Hardship in youth and the ups and downs death of his father the family moved to Berlin of a refugee's fate in the twentieth century where he spent his school years. He started went to form his character and his social studying economics at Berlin University. How­ conscience, which made him a convinced ever, when it became evident that a member of helper of those needing help and advice. Thus bis family who had fallen ill would require con­ stant support, he had to renounce an academic he became a co-founder of the Leo Baeck career after a few terms. He thus sacrified his Charitable Trust and instigated the establish­ personal inclinations to the responsibility towards ment of its Central Fund. In connection with his family. This decision was typical of Max these activities he advised on the creation and Potthtzer, who always put obligations towards maintenance of welfare homes and institutes. others first. Yet the result was not less typical. But of equal importance in his eyes was help WTiilst professionals, who under similar circum­ for the individual, the young hard-up student, stances tum over to a business career often feel the lonely old man, the business man in frustrated, he was exceedingly successful owing to his initiative, energy and knowledge. At the difficulties, the mother requiring rest and same time he remained the questing student, problems involved, whether they concerned matters recuperation. conversant and deeply interested not only in his of general policy or of individual " cases ". Social work is silent work, and many of special field of economics, but in many cultural When the work for the Old Age Homes started those who received help will never know that spheres. a Management Committee was set up and he they owe jt to Max Pottlitzer. But those of his His sense of social justice made him an active became one of its five members. It is only friends who worked together with him, will member of the German Trade Union Movement. natural that common activities of such a small honour his memory. And their sympathy and team create and strengthen personal bonds. The He especially excelled in adult education by giving thanks go out to his widow, who stood by him lectures to the groups of the organisation. work for the Homes was particularly near to Max He left Germany in 1938 and, after a short Pottlitzer's heart. It required patience, insight and in his work with unselfish devotion. stay in France, came to England in 1939. He time, and it was in this spirit that he generously DEATH OF MAX DESSAUER soon succeeded in building up his life anew, but, rendered his services without limitations and Mr. Max Dessauer passed away suddenly in contrary to many others in his position, at the reservations. Frankfurt on October 23, at the age of 69. He same time thought of his less fortunate fellow Though it is always difficult to face the was the Honorary President of La Solidarity refugees. Shortly after the foundation of the departure of a trusted friend, especially if his life (Paris), the AJR's corresponding organisation in AJR in 1941 he commenced his activities under came to an end at a comparatively early age, we France. the auspices of our organisation with which he may find some consolation in the fact that he Max Dessauer was bom in Sterbfritz, a little remained identified up to the very last days of himself was not aware of the seriousness of his Hessian village. The days of his youth were his life. His first venture was the opening of illness. If he was permitted to spend the last described by him in a book " Aus unbeschwerter regular economic advice hours whose object it months in comfort it was in the first place due 2^it" published only a fortnight before his death, was to help the refugees in finding a foothold in to the devotion of his wife, Margot (nde Strauss), with a preface by Professor Carlo Schmid. this country. Through this case work during the war whom he met during the war when she held a In 1933 Dessauer emigrated to France where years a problem of a more general nature became position in the office of the AJR. We feel imited he became one of the founders of La Solidaritd. evident: what would happen after the war ? with her in our feelings of having sustained a During the war he was first interned and later on What would be the fate of the older ones who great loss. went underground. With the help of the Resist­ were in war work or replaced soldiers of British As one of those who laid the foundations of ance Movement he brought groups of destitute birth, and how could the refugee members of the our work and who was a guide and a servant to children to the safe borders of Switzerland, and Forces be integrated into the civil hfe of a our cause, the name of Max Pottlitzer has been also by various devices helped to relieve the plight country of which they had but scanty knowledge ? indeUbly inscribed in the history of the AJR. of the internees. Mainly at his initiative and under his guidance. WERNER ROSENSTOCK. After the war he devoted his energy to the rehabilitation of the former German Jews in France who had survived the catastrophe. He also managed to enlist the help of the German authorities and of German individuals for the G L EDGAR ELECTRICAL ud benefit of his fellow refugees. The establishment of the Home in Limours near Paris is to a very CONTRACTORS and SUPPLIERS high extent due to his efforts. Four years ago Dessauer retumed to Frankfurt to take charge of a department of the Central 65 MILL LANE, N.W.6 HAM 8000 Welfare Organisation of the Jews in Germany. AJR INFORMATION December, 1962 Page 7

DR. ALEXANDER PHILIPSBORN 80 80th BIRTHDAY OF RABBI DR. G. SALZBERGER Dr. Alexander Philipsborn, a member of the / AJR Board, celebrated his 80th birthday on November 21. From early days he was interested THANKS FOR SIGNAL SERVICES encouraged the young and the not-so-young to in Jewish affairs. For years he was one of the ask more than the traditional four questions! lawyers who were officials of the Jewish Com­ It is with great pleasure that we extend our The women members of our congregation are especially grateful to you for the encouragement munity of Berlin. Then he branched out into a hearty congratulations to Rabbi Dr. Georg Salz­ you gave them when they planned and formed wider field by becoming principal legal adviser to berger, who will be 80 on December 23. Rabbi a Women's Society and for your support in its the organisation of the German hospitals. He Salzberger has for many years been an active early years. As I had little Jewish education in held that position until 1933. The high reputation member of our Board. Until six years ago, he my childhood I was grateful when you spoke on he acquired in this capacity can be estimated held the office of rabbi to the New Liberal " Jewish Customs in the Home" during several from the fact that only last year he was asked to Congregation and he has become known to, and winter months as part of the activities of the deliver an address to an intemational congress of beloved by, many members of our Association. Women's Society. When the course was followed hospitals in Italy. After his retirement Rabbi Salzberger did not cease by our one-day Exhibition of Jewish Liturgical After the Nazis came to power Dr. Philipsbom to be of service to the community at large. Not Objects you helped us in the preparations and and his family emigrated to Brassels, the home only has he always been prepared to inspire the devoted nearly the whole day to showing young town of his wife. When Belgium was invaded Jews from Germany by his thoughtful lectures but, and old around and explaining the exhibits brought he fled to France, was captured, but escaped and, in spite of his age, he has never failed to respond by members of the Women's Society and their after an adventurous flight, retumed to Bmssels, to the invitations of Jewish congregations in Ger­ families and friends from their former homes. where he lived in hiding under dire conditions many who wished him to preach on Holy-days. until the liberation. When, after the war, the How lasting your teaching and influence has Jewish refugees from Germany in Belgium These invitations have come to Rabbi Salzberger been ! Even now when several decades have formed their own organisation, Coref, he at once not only from Frankfurt a.M., where he officiated passed and great distances may separate them from became one of the leaders of that small circle of until his emigration to this country, but from you, pupils from your former centres of teaching mostly indigent survivors. As a representative manv other synagogues in West Germany and visit you here ; and in this country young people of Coref he often came to London to attend con­ Berli'n. whom you have taught still call on you. It comes ferences of the Council of Jews from Germany. easy to you to establish contact with children. For years he was also active as the legal adviser Those who knew Rabbi Salzberger from Frank­ I remember one little boy who almost begradged furt will remember, with admiration, the accom­ of the Brussels branch of the United Restitution any grown-up the chance of joining you and him Organisation. When he lost his beloved wife plished style of his German sermons and iectures, on the way home from the synagogue and who, some years ago, he came to London where one which could bear comparison with the best prose like some other boys, regularly visited you for of his daughters and her family live. The many writings of our time. His capacity to bring to hfe long talks. One can feel how happy you are friends and acquaintances Dr. Philipsborn has the image of a deceased person is particularly that there are now children in your own family: acquired in the three countries in which he has unforgettable. your two little grandsons. lived, regard him with respect and affection and A few yea/s ago, when a committee was formed we express to him our sincere congratulations and in London to prepare a history of the Frankfurt best wishes. W.B. Jews during the last 100 years. Rabbi Salzberger was unanniiously elected its president. Recently, ^PROFESSOR DR. SALOMON LEVI 80 the work of the London Committee was taken over by a committee appointed by the Corporation On December 28, Professor Dr. Salomon Levi of Frankfurt, whose chairman is the Lord Mayor will celebrate his 80th birthday. He has been an of Frankfurt, and Rabbi Salzberger was invited to interested member of the AJR since its inception become a member of that committee. He actively and, on innumerable occasions, a most helpful co-operates and attends the meetings held at friend to his fellow-refugees. Frankfurt. This is only one instance showing the Professor Levi is the scion of an old established respect and admiration in which Rabbi Salzberger rabbinical German-Jewish family which may is held by all who get to know him. trace its origin back to the thirteenth century. His father was a minister and chazan in Munich. Our wish on his SOth birthday is that Rabbi He himself was Professor of Mathematics and Salzberger may, for many years, continue to enjoy Physics in Ludwigshafen (Rhine). At the same this veneration, and that we may continue to have time, he played a responsible part in the life of the benefit of his activities. the Mannheim Jewish community. He was, for some time. President of the " Klaus " Synagogue THE TEACHER AND FRIEND of that city and when need arose, also acted as a Dayan in an honorary capacity. He regularly Dear Dr. Salzberger, wrote articles on religious and philosophical It gives me great pleasure to be among the subjects and was a widely recognised lecturer. many who join to offer you their heartfelt con­ We gratefully extend our sincerest congratula­ gratulations upon your 80th birthday anniversary. tions to Professor Levi. For one like you who can look back on more than half a century of active life in his vocation a mere thirty years may not seem long—but that is the length of my memory of personal contact with you and your family. It began when you came to Stettin with your wife to officiate at the Ackermans marriage of my friends who are your relatives. Then there was my short visit to you in Frank­ furt Years passed, but our relations were main­ tained through my sister who was a social worker there and was always welcome in your family. As you remember the old fairy tales which you Chocolates || Then I came to war-time London with my heard and read in your childhood and still love, De Lux* parents. Though I could rarely attend the Friday you are a wonderful storyteller yourself. I recall evening services in the Montefiore Hall, they and one of the Simchat Torah Children's Services at IN BEAUTIFULLY the High Holy-day services were highlights of the Montefiore Hall when you compared the DESIGNED our life. I remember that during all those years joyful procession with the Torah Scrolls to the you held Bible classes, but only when they were Bridal Procession of the then Princess Elizabeth PRESENTATION held in the early evenings instead of the after­ which the children would soon witness. Your BOXES noons, it became possible for " working people " sermon must have touched the children's like myself to take part. And what a joy those imagination. evenings gave us when we listened to your drama­ The language of our new country did not MARZIPAN tic reading of the Scriptures and to your wide- prevent you from reaching the Anglo-Jewish ranging explanations; when you brought the per­ community. I Ustened once to a discussion held SPEaAUTIES sonaUties of the Prophets to life or introduced in our synagogue between you and an Orthodox us to the Sayings of the Fathers or spoke on the minister, and at another time to your lecture on BAUMKUCHEN problem of suffering and evil in the world. the Jewish conception of Jesus and to the discus­ We were very happy when you carried on these sion with your Anglo-Jewish audience. Those Bible classes after your retirement. We came were deeply impressive occasions. 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH 8T„ to your house on Saturday aftemoons. It was Let me end my letter as I began: by wishing tml'y an Oneg Shabbath: you made Havdoloh for you health and strength for the years to come, LONDON, WJ us, the youngest of tis (about 50 years old!) hold­ for your dear family and for yourself, so that WES. 4359 and ing the candle, and then we continued to leam you can still pursue your teaching and preaching, what inexhaustible wealth of wisdom there is in here and abroad, for the sake of your many 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, the Scriptures even for men today. There were friends. FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W,< the Friday Nights and the Seder Evenings when One of your old pupils, MAI 2742 you and your wife invited friends, including my sister and me, into your family circle. You LOUISE EHRENWERTH. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION December, 1962 Wrra LONDON JEWRY DEATH OF DR. ERNST RACHWALSKY It is learned with deep regret that Dr. Emst Rachwalsky passed away on November 21. He Birthday Party for Joseph Leftwich was closely associated with the work of the AJR, especially as a member of the Otto Hirsch House We all know by now that there are four layers Gerhart Hauptmann and Heinrich Mann ; yet this Committee and of the AJR Board. As the news of British Jewry, the last one comprising the was a different kind of party. It was also of his death reached us just before going to Press, inmiigrants from Central Europe after 1933. The different from other Jewish parties in grand hotels a full tribute will be paid to him in our next numerically biggest immigration wave was that which give one the feeUng that Judaism has issue. from Russia and Poland between 1882 and 1914. become a fund-raising society for Israel. Here Before the Second World War its centre was the we had a family gathering, a meeting of children East End, its language Yiddish ; it was a closely of Israel for one of their non-conformist members. REQUIREMENTS FOR OLD AGE HOMES knit community. Now, with growing prosperity, Of course, one of the reasons for this wonderful it is dissolving into the EngUsh-speaking surround­ feeling of belonging emanates from the language The newly opened Homes (Heinrich Stahl House ings of London's North West. which has all the ingredients of a priyate family and Osmond House) are in need of Television, A leading spirit of that community, Joseph language, reflecting the ironical wisdom of the Radio Sets and Record Players in working condi­ Leftwich. recently celebrated his 70th birthday; poor who, amid brutality and misunderstanding, tion. Donations of Menoroth would also be the term " leading" appUes to him not because battled for justice, truth and the good of mankind, appreciated, furthermore, a lady's bicycle for the he is some official or chairman but because, as a of intellectuals among hunters and warriors ; it is staff is required. friend put it, he has " advanced culture in his com­ a language which has been " Lingua Franca " for Any readers who are prepared to donate such munity to an extent which is hardly recognised by Jews of many centuries. items should kindly get in touch with AJR, 8 most people outside ". Hundreds of messages arrived from people Fairfax Mansions, Fairfax Road, London, N.W.3 Leftwich has published two most important from all walks of life, including Yehudi Menuhin, ('phone MAIda Vale 9096/7). anthologies : " Yisroel", a collection of short the Chief Rabbi. Berl Locker, Professor Norman stories by Jewish writers the world over, and Bentwich, Lady Henriques and Robert Weltsch. " The Golden Peacock", comprising works of ANGLO-GERMAN LAWYERS' ASSOCIATION Jewish poets. He translated most of the stories After tea, speeches were deUvered by Joel Cang, and poems himself, a labour of love. Thus of The Jewish Chronicle, by Dr. Levenberg, of Lecture on Israeli Law single-handed he achieved something we German the Jewish Agency, by the scholar. Dr. Joseph Jewish writers could never have done. In Germany, Maitlis, by Samuel Izban, of the " Forwaerts", At the next meeting of the Anglo-German a collection of works by Jewish writers would New York, by Idel Korman, of the Warsaw Lawyers' Association Counsellor Haggin, of the have had a poUtical, even an aggressive ring— Folks-Sztyme. A Jewish National Fund Golden Israeli Embassy, will give a lecture on Principles here it was the natural thing to do. The reasons Book Certificate was presented on behalf of Poale of Modern Israeli Law. The meeting will take for this difference can not be explained in a few Zion and the Yiddish Cultural Society. place on Decemtser llth at the Avoca House words. As an author in his own right, Leftwich GABRIELE TERGIT. Hotel, 43 Belsize Park, N.W.3, commencing at has written an outstanding biography of his friend, 8 p.m. Guests arc welcome. Israel Zangwill, and published two volumes of his LONDON BOROUGHS' RESOLUTION poems which are very touching indeed. He also visited, many times over, Jewjsh com­ The Metropolitan Boroughs' Standing Joint AJR GLASGOW munities in various parts of the world, from Committee, representing all 28 London boroughs and the City of London Corporation, unanimously This year's winter activities of the Society of Poland to Israel, from South Africa to New Jewish Refugees, Glasgow, the AJR local group, York, estabUshing contacts and giving lectures. passed a resolution requesting the Government to I were opened on October 21st. Coloured slides of He was one of those English Jews who opened consider amending the law so that incitement to violence by persons advocating racial or religious Yugoslavia were shown by Mr. KirChenberger. his house to us. to people as different as Stefan The function was well attended. Zweig and the former Berlin Vice-President of discrimination or hatred may become a criminal PoUce. Bernhard Weiss; he has always devoted offence. A copy of the resolution was forwarded to the Home Secretary. his life to estabUshing bridges of friendship and SWASTIKAS IN AUSTRIA understanding. The St. Pancras Borough Council also unani­ A birthday party was given in his honour in the mously passed a resolution urging the Govern­ Swastikas appeared in the town of Moedling, Cora Hotel, Woburn Place. I have attended ment to introduce legislation on the same lines.— near Vienna. The police beUeve this to be con­ birthday parties for world famous writers, including (J.C.) nected with the forthcoming national elections.

FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED Accommodation Vacant AJR Attendance Service Deaths Situations Wanted MAIDA VALE. Comfortable bed­ Juliusberg.—Mr. Hans Juliusberg sitting-room to let. Use of kitchen WOMEN available to care for sick (formerly Breslau), beloved husband Men and bath. Suitable for business lady. people and invalids, as companions and faithful companion through life, SALES CORRESPONDENT, experi­ Two minutes tube and buses. Reason­ and sitters-in ; full- or part-time (not a dear father, grandfather, brother, enced, French/German, seeks respon­ able rent. Box 168. residential). 'Phone MAI. 4449. son-in-law and friend, passed away sible position in commercial or cn October 23rd. Deeply mourned industrial sales organisation. Box 163. Miscellaneous MISSING PERSONS by all who knew him. Margot Julius­ GENERAL CLERK, experienced, SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and Personal Enquiries berg (nee Goldstein), 154 Salmon St., export/import, insurance, travel, permanently removed by qualified N.W.9. accounts, typing, knowledge of Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. Cahn.—Mr. Cahn, formerly junior Mohr.—Mrs. Olga Mohr, aged 75, French, Italian, Spanish, capable and Facials. Body massage. Visits partner of the firm of wine merchants, passed away suddenly on November trustworthy, good references, seeks arranged. Mrs. Dutch, D.R.E., 239 Leo Cahn & Son, Mainz, who emi­ Sth. Deeply moumed by her chil­ position. Box 164. Willesden Lane, N.W.2. Tel.: WIL­ grated to England in 1936/7, wanted dren, Hilde, Rudolph, Lotte, grand­ GENERAL HANDYMAN/POSTAL lesden 1849. by Mrs. Hilde Stolle (n^e Siegmund/ children, Diana and Nicholas, and PACKER, experienced, reUable, Sturm), formerly Bemburg, now many friends. seeks full-time work. Box 165. Personal Goslar/Harz, Marienburgerstr. 42i. PACKER / WAREHOUSEMAN, WIDOWER, 74, childless, German. experienced wages/ledgers, conscien­ NEW LIBERAL JEWISH In London since 1939. Merchant, LONDON UNIVERSITY tious worker, seeks position. Box good appearance, capital assets and (E.M. DEPT.) CONGREGATION 166. pension, wishes to meet good-looking, ACTIVE, adaptable man, 42, seeks intelligent lady, aged 60-65. Object and administrative position as Store­ matrimony. Hand written replies with THEODOR HERZL SOCIETY invite you and your keeper, or for despatch department, curriculum and photograph in etc. Box 169. English or German will be treated as friends to come to their EXPERIENCED GENTLEMAN, confidential. Box 162. Lecture by reliable, educated at Manchester LADY, in her fifties, pleasant CHANUKAH University, 28 years with Egyptian appearance, own home, domesti­ PROFESSOR Stock Exchange, fluent French. cated, wishes to meet gentleman, NORMAN BENTWICH BAZAAR Italian, Arabic, seeks position in between 65-68. Object friendship. commercial/industrial organisation. Box 171. Box 173. Monday, December 10th SATURDAY, DEC. Sth ATTRACTIVE WIDOW, 59, Ger­ Women man origin with independent means from 5 p.m. BUSINESS WOMAN, middle-aged, and pleasant home, wants to meet until recently own manufacturing cultured, non-Orthodox widower up SUNDAY, DEC. 9th firm, experienced in general clerical to 65, View friendship or matri­ mony. Box 172. 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. work, P.A.Y.E., driving; versatile, in the Middle East" reUable, seeks suitable position. AJR Needlewoman Service at Box 167. at 8.15 p.m. at Zion House, EXPERIENCED PACKER/ASSEM­ WOMEN available for alterations, 51 BELSIZE SQUARE. N.W.3 mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAI. 57 Eton Avenue, N.W.B (near Swiss Cottage) BLER, seeks full-time (sedentary) work. Box 170. 4449. AJR INFORMATION December. 1962 Page II GERMAN JEWS IN MEDICINE UJS. ANTI-DISCRIMINATION RESOLUTION A resolution has been adopted by the Third Lecture by Professor Dr. Ludwig Guttmann (Social) Committee of the United Nations and has been forwarded to the General Assembly On October 31, Professor Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, predominantly in pure medical science rather than asking for "further specific and effective C.B.E., Director of the Spinal Injuries Centre, in empirical cUnical work. Not only, as the measures" against racial discrimination and Stoke MandeviUe, gave a lecture on "Der speaker stressed, because the Jewish spirit, as in national and religious intolerance and the Beitrag der Deutschen Juden zur Medizinischen philosophy, was eternally questing and critically drafting of a Universal Declaration and Conven­ Wissenschaft" under the auspices of the Leo Baeck seeking new solutions but because quite obviously tion against reUgious discrimination. Institute in the crowded reading room of the until the late nineteenth century the alternative of The issue of religious intolerance was ignored Wiener Library. In his necessarily brief but cUnical work presented itself so much less. Only in the draft calUng for a convention on racial fascinating survey Professor Guttmann exceUently then notable contributions in dermatology and discrimination submitted to the Committee by a conveyed how the many physicians and medical urology followed. group of Afro-Asian nations. The Liberian scientists springing from the German Jewish oomr It is an impressive record of Gennan Jewish delegate then demanded that religious intolerance munity had fundamentally influenced medical achievement, a lasting contribution to science and be included in the draft. Eventually, 54 delegates science within a mere century of more or less to the alleviation of the sufferings of humanity upheld the Liberian viewpoint and 26 delegates unrestricted freedom. which resounded to the honour of Germany. abstained. In the early Middle Ages Jewish and Arab Expelled by the Nazi regime the last generation of physicians were in the forefront of medical leam­ German Jewish medical scientists have continued The Soviet and Arab blocs wanted the demand ing and the fact that German Emperors, Princes in the countries of their adoption to do much for for a Declaration and Convention to be removed, and Bishops surrounded themselves with Jewish the advancement of medical science. In this Prof. leaving only the expression of concern about personal medical attendants, to whom they Guttmann himself has played an outstanding part. national and religious intolerance. accorded many privileges, would attest to their A.P The Australian delegate pointed out that anti­ excellence. Later on, when both the CathoUc semitic activities were suppressed in some and the Lutheran Church vied in hurUng edicts Letter to the Editor countries by the authorities but the Soviet and denunciations against the employment of Government had taken no measures to halt Jewish physicians and when the possibiUties of Sir, attacks on synagogues and other Jewish proper medical training in Gennany were Only today I had the chance of seeing Ihe institutions. In her reply the Soviet delegate extremely limited, the standards of Jewish medicine August issue of your AJR Information. With your stated that Jews enjoyed full rights in the Soviet were probably low except where Jews had studied kind permission I submit to you the following Union. She said that the aim of those who spoke abroad, as the well-quaUfied Sephardic Jewish two observations. about the Jews in the Soviet Union was to doctors practising in Hamburg. (1) D. F. Koreff's thrilling life story, admirably distract the Committee's attention away from The German Jews entering the medical profes­ retold by Paul Wohlfahrth (on page 10) does, racial discrimination.—(J.C.) sion after the emancipation encountered great after all, not really indicate that he actually was difficulties; even conversion did not necessarily " Heinrich Heine's Doctor" (in spite of his help the individual to advance in his chosen career. " assistance" at the rather strange duel on EUROPEAN MIGRATION Their much-hampered participation in German Sepiember 1th, 1841). medical studies was to last hardly a hundred years. "Heiru-ich Heine's Doctor" was, as supported The 1962 Migration Conference of the United Gabriel Gustav Valentin, the first Jewish Professor by quite a number of witnesses, etc.. Dr. L. Hias Service, held in Geneva, had as its central to occuply the medical Chair of a German-speaking Wertheim (occasionally also called WertheinUr— issue increased Jewish migration from Europe, university was Professor in Berne, and he was not and, according to Fanny Lewalds comments, " ein Africa, the Near East and Cuba. the only one who had to pursue his career abroad. deutschsprechender Ungar"). Pretty early, he In view of the sharp increase in the rate of The restrictions placed on Jewish scholars by the started to share his job as Heine's doctor with an Jewish migration, the organisation had been German universities before the RepubUc of eye specialist. Dr. Sichel, and finally with Ihe forced to revise its estimates. It was expected Weimar are familiar history. famous Dr. David Gruby, under whose medical that 9,100 Jewish migrants would need the Concentrating on the main achievements of care (together wilh two other French medical agency's assistance this year as against the 7,156 German Jewish medical scientists, particularly in celebrities) the poet remained until the sad end in assisted in 1961. the fields of anatomy, physiology, pathology, February, 1856. In 1961 over 2,000 Jewish refugees from Cuba neurology, bacteriology and psychiatry, Professor (2) In connection with the book review " Silber­ were assisted by the United Hias Service and Guttmann gave sketches of the work of Valentin, mann " (page 13), /•/ may perhaps interest your two-thirds of them were settled in 29 different Ludwig Edinger, Otto Marburg. Robert Remak, readers that this novel by Jacques de Lacratelle States. Hias also gave advice to an additional Hermann Oppenheim, Paul Ehrlich, Ernest Boris, has appeared in a German translation (by Walther 29,000 persons in Europe, North Africa and the Chain, August vc«i Wassermann and Sigmund Rode) already 40 years ago—in 1923 (E. P. Tal & Middle East, and helped persons emigrating to Freud, to mention but a few of the most Co. Verlag, Leipzig—Wien—Zuerich). the United States as well as those seeking distinguished. German Jewish achievements were , Ramat-Gan, Israel. y J. RAPHAEL. naturalisation there.—(J.C.) Catering mith a differenu n Foods ol all nations for formaf or Infor­ 'THE HOUSE ON THE HILL' HOUSE ARLET' mal occasions—in your own home or any ROSEMOUNT 77 St. Gabrters Road. N.W.2 venue. Free consultations—please 'phont Nursery and Kindergarten 17 Parsifal Road, N.W.6 •Phone : GLA. 4029 visitors to London are welcomed In my HAMpstead 5856 & 8565 exquisitely furnished and cultured Private Mrs. ILLY LiEBERMANN Hotel. 5 NETHERHALL GARDENS, N.W.3 THE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE Central Heating. Garden. TV. Good residential district. WEStcrn 2872 Prospectus from the Principal. HAM. 1662 A Home for you Elderly people welcomed MRS. LOTTE SCHWARZ

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Do you wont comfort and every convenience, SWI 2202 NORWEST GAR HIRE COMFORTABLE HOME FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION FOR FOR OLD LADIES room with awn b«tli. cxnIMnt ContlnvnUI LTD. food, rv, louna*, lardcnf 7 Moderate Terms Mrt. A. WOLfF, 3 Hemttol Rood. N.W.6 MINIGAR HIRE HAM. 4150 & 4154 68 Shoot-up Hill. N.W.2 (MAI. 8521) 'Phone : GLA. 5838 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION December, 1962

NOBEL PRIZE WINNER CULTURAL NEWS Professor Lev Davidovich Landau, the Soviet GERMANS IN ISRAEL Jewish scientist who has been awarded the Nobel NEW P.E.N. PRESIDENT Prize for his achievements in physics, is one of Three groups of West German tourists arrived Victor van Vriesland, the distinguished Dutch- the most outstanding Soviet physicists, and a in Israel over one week-end. One group, was Jewish poet, has been unanimously elected Presi­ world authority on the properties and handling comprised of 32 clergymen led by Pastor Heinrich dent of P.E.N., the world organisation of writers of liquid helium at temperatures near absolute Grueber. and poets. zero. Early this year he was awarded a Lenin Another group consisted of 30 professors and Mr. van Vriesland succeeds .the Italian author, Prize for essays on theoretical physics. lecturers from Cologne University who came to Alberto Moravio. During the war he fought in Professor Landau is at the moment in hospital study Israel's political and economic problems, the Dutch Resistance movement.—(J.C.) slowly recovering from an almost fatal car and the third consisted of 15 youth leaders. accident at the beginning of this year. It is KIRAELI-RUSSIAN CULTURAL EXCHANGE doubtful whether, after his recovery, he will be ISRAEL HONOURS GERMAN Jacob Flier, the well-known Soviet pianist, got able to resume his normal work. For the first time, the Weizmann Institute has a tremendous welcome from Israeli audiences when As he is in no condition to leave his hospital honoured a non-Jewish German citizen. He is he gave a number of performances in Israel. He bed. Professor Landau's wife, Koncordia, and Heinrich Ritsel, a politician with a long record told newspapermen that he would do everything their 16-year-old son, Igor, are expected to go to of opposition to political tyranny and racial possible to encourage cultural exchanges between Stockholm to receive the award from the King prejudice. the two countries, and said he was sure that the of Sweden.—(J.C.) Herr Ritsel was one of eight persons on whom violinist David Oistrakh would shortly accept an SHOLEM ALEICHEM IN CHINESE the Weizmann Institute recently conferred invitation to play in Israel. China's reading public is showing increasing honorary fellowships, the first ceremony in a interest in works of Yiddish literature. In a letter series of national events marking the tenth HEBREW-RUSSIAN DICTIONARY to the Yiddish journal in Moscow the President anniversary of the death of Dr. Chaim Weizmann. The new Soviet " Hebrew-Russian Dictionary ", of the Writers' Association of China. Mao Dun, Two Britons were among those honoured: edited by Professor K. A. Marzishevskaya, is has appealed for more works by Yiddish writers Lord Rothschild for his work in physiology and almost ready. The first and second parts have which, he says, the members of his Association the biophysics of reproduction, and Mr. Harry been submitted to the Soviet State Publishing would like to receive and make available in Sacher for his services to Zionism and Israel. House and it is anticipated that the whole China. Dr. Nahum Goldmann and Mrs. Vera Weizmann dictionary—the first of its kind to be published were also the recipients of honorary fellowships So far over thirty of Sholem Aleichem's books in Soviet Russia—will be ready at the beginning have been translated into Chinese. Several of for their " innumerable " contributions to Jewish of 1963. social causes.—(J.C.) China's leading writers, among them Chen Ugen- Guen, one of the leading translators in this field, HAGUE COMMUNAL CENTRE JEWISH ARTISTS' EXHIBITION are now busy translating more of Sholem A new centre for the Jewish community of The Aleichem's works. An exhibition of several hundred paintings, draw­ Hague has been opened. It is accommodated in In a tribute to Sholem Aleichem's writings, ings and sculptures by artists including Chagall, part of the community offices which have been Mao Dun says that their popularity is primarily Franz Marc, Max Liebermann and others, was rebuilt specially for this purpose, and it is hoped due to the deep sentiments which the Yiddish opened in Munich. that many communal activities which have author expresses and his sympathy for the under­ All the artists were named as " degenerates" hitherto been held in hired halls in various parts dog. By this he had made " a great contribution by the Nazis.—(J.C.) of the city wiTI now be held in the centre. to the golden treasury of world literature."—(J.C.)

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