The Heinemann English Wordbuilder The Heinemann English Wordbuilder Guy Wellman HEINEMANN Heinemann English Language Teaching A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Limited Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8E J OXFORD MADRID FLORENCE ATHENS PRAGUE SAO PAULO MEXICO CITY CHICAGO PORTSMOUTH (NH) TOKYO SINGAPORE KUALA LUMPUR MELBOURNE AUCKLAND JOHANNESBURG IBADAN GABORONE ISBN 0 435 28556 4 First published 1989 in association with ELA © Heinemann International 1992 Design by Arc Design Illustrations by Laura Potter and Richard Wileman Printed in Great Britain by The Bath Press, Avon 96 97 98 10 9 8 Contents Introduction Size, quantity, dimensions and measurements 110 Shapes 114 Names 8 Substances, materials and Age 10 textures 116 Family relationships 13 Colours 119 Marital status 15 The condition things Countries, Nationalities 17 are in 122 Location 21 Parts and components 125 What things do 127 Build 25 From the neck up 26 Noises things make 132 From shoulder to fingertips 29 Births, marriages and From the bottom down 31 deaths 134 Inside and outside the torso 32 Work 140 Compound adjectives using Earning and spending parts of the body 34 money 146 Health and illness 149 The senses 36 Sport and games 154 Character and personality 39 Entertainment 159 Attitudes and beliefs 43 Games and hobbies 163 Thinking, wanting and knowing 46 Music and the Arts 168 Moods 50 Cooking, eating and Attitudes and relationships 53 drinking 173 Travelling 178 Expressing oneself 56 Reacting to events 62 Business, industry and Sounds people make 65 agriculture 181 Gesture, mannerism and Law and order, crime and body language 67 punishment 185 Posture and movement 71 Actions and activities 74 Quality 188 Time 191 The universe 77 Numerals and proportions 196 Physical geography 78 Rise and fall 199 The plant world 80 Normality and regularity 201 The animal world 82 Probability, necessity and Food and drink 87 free will 203 Cause and effect 206 Buildings and rooms 91 Furniture and household 94 Index 208 Vehicles 101 Clothes 107 Key 259 Introduction Why This book is designed to help the student of English whose only weapons in the battle against vocabulary have, until now, been a dictionary and a dog-eared note-book with lists of unconnected words, approximate translations alongside. I felt a book which would help students to build their active vocabulary, while at the same time helping with the recognition of less common or important words, would be a useful tool with which they could work their way deeper into the language. Who The book is designed to be used by a class of students, a couple of friends or an individual working alone. It is particularly useful for students who are not living in an English-speaking country, and so are not exposed to the everyday expressions that are presented and practised in this book. The level is post-intermediate, which means it should be useful for students who have met the basic structures of English at least once, but have a relatively narrow vocabulary range. It is particularly good practice for users who wish to improve their speaking or writing, or for those who are preparing for a national exam or for the Cambridge First Certificate. Even Cambridge Proficiency exam candidates and other advanced users and students of English will find that there is a lot they can learn in the Heinemann English Wordbuilder. Because this is a book about language, some of the sections will be most beneficial if the user can argue, experiment and practise with someone else, but users working alone at home can greatly improve and broaden their use of English through the presentation and written practice provided. What The Heinemann English Wordbuilder is made up of 60 units. Each unit focusses on one vocabulary area. It starts with a reference section which shows you the words (in bold print) at work, that is to say in context. This is followed by a practice section of exercises and ideas for further written or spoken practice with space for you to add any other expressions you know or meet. The Index at the end of the book contains every word and phrase and so acts as a quick reference guide for you. Some words have a star beside them. You should be careful how you use these. A brief note on each is included in the Key at the back of the book. You will find there are passages to read, some long, a few quite difficult, and many full to the brim with the target vocabulary. There are often checking exercises after them to make sure the words have 'gone in', that is to say that you have remembered them. There are other exercises, too: matching, gap-filling, defining, ordering, etc. many of which have the answers on the page, which you are asked to cover. The advantage of this is that you can do the exercises again and again if you like, to check how your vocabulary is growing. There are games and quizzes, not really to test your general knowledge but rather to motivate you to study the language under review. (I, personally, would rather be asked to guess - or work out from given data — when, why or in what order certain things happened in Siberia than just read a page of historical facts, for instance. Wouldn't you?) None of the material is 'authentic' English. You would have to read hundreds of extracts from other sources before you met the thirty or forty words and expressions that you will find grouped in each section here. You should, of course, read widely in addition to this book, to improve your reading skills and to see the vocabulary you have learnt in this book at work. How There are three main ways in which you can use the Heinemann English Wordbuilder in class or on your own: by looking up a particular word or expression in the Index and then working on that particular unit; by finding a unit of interest and working through it systematically; by working through all the units one by one. If you are working alone, and you wish to use the book to increase your vocabulary range, work through at a reasonable pace. If you come across a section which you think is of no importance to you or in which you feel your vocabulary is already very strong, leave it out, perhaps returning to it later. Some parts are easier than others. Never spend too long on one particular section. Treat the book as a cross between a manual and a collection of short stories, not as a novel which you want to read quite quickly from cover to cover. Sometimes refer to it to check a word you're not sure of or need to use; sometimes browse through it and pick a section to read and study, just because it's of interest or perhaps an area of English you have never really considered before. And keep coming back to it, as you would a story you have just enjoyed. Each time you look at a particular section, you will find your vocabulary seems stronger, more refined, more elastic than the time before. At the end of nearly every unit, there is a Practice section which asks you to incorporate the new and old vocabulary you have studied in a series of speaking or writing activities. They are an important part of the book. There is little point in having thirty thousand words in your head if you are only able to call up about five hundred when you find yourself in a particular situation. The Practice sections will help you to start using the vocabulary more or less automatically and without too much hesitation. These sections will also help your speaking and writing skills in general. There is enough here to give Examiners quite a surprise when they read your compositions and hear your answers to Interview questions. The book contains a lot, we hope most, of the essential vocabulary within the topics covered. However, if you are a keen reader of or listener to English, you will occasionally come across items that are not included here. You might like to use the 'Add more words ...' sections in each unit to note these down and to make the Wordbuilder very much your own book. The Key At the end of the book, you will find a Key. Here we have given the answers to exercises. Look at the title of the unit you are working on and the page number. Then find these in the Key in order to check your work or find words you didn't know. When the answers depend on general knowledge or are particularly difficult, you will find them in the unit itself. Only refer to the Key when you have done a task. No cheating! Note that in the practice sections there are some activities suggested which are better done with other students, so that you can speak together in small groups. You have been given the choice between speaking and writing, however, in case you are working on your own. I hope you enjoy using the book. Writing it made me realise again what an interesting language English is. I hope you'll find you agree. Guy Wellman Names Surname Forename(s) Quiz See how easily and quickly you can find the missing names in the sentences below. The answers are printed after the exercise to help you. 1 William F. Cody (1846 - 1917) was nicknamed .... 2 Mozart's Christian names were .... 3 Queen Elizabeth's youngest son is called ...