DOCSLIB.ORG

Heterothermy in Free-Ranging Male Egyptian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida Aegyptiaca) in a Subtropical Climate Dawn Cory Toussaint, Andrew E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heterothermy in Free-Ranging Male Egyptian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida Aegyptiaca) in a Subtropical Climate Dawn Cory Toussaint, Andrew E ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/mambio SHORT COMMUNICATION Heterothermy in free-ranging male Egyptian Free-tailed bats (Tadarida aegyptiaca) in a subtropical climate Dawn Cory Toussaint, Andrew E. McKechnieÃ, Mac van der Merwe Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Received 13 March 2009; accepted 3 June 2009 Keywords: Tadarida aegyptiaca; Torpor; Hibernation; Rewarming rate; Thermoregulation Bats, like many other small endotherms, often use torpor appears to be a more common response in facultative reductions in metabolic rate and body species inhabiting lower latitudes (Geiser and Brigham temperature (Tb) to decrease their daily energy expen- 2000; Turbill et al. 2003; Willis et al. 2005; Jacobs diture (Lyman 1970). The lower energy requirements et al. 2007; Vivier and van der Merwe 2007). Several associated with heterothermy offset the high mass- recent studies of thermoregulation during winter in specific rates of heat loss of most microchiropterans, Australian tree-roosting bats, however, suggest that allowing them to maintain energy balance even in hibernation may in fact be more common in tropical environments where the availability of food fluctuates and subtropical species than previously thought, with at temporally and/or spatially. Heterothermic responses in least three Nyctophilus species (Vespertilionidae) exhi- bats and other mammals are thought to be broadly biting heterothermic bouts lasting for several days divisible into two categories, namely daily torpor and (Turbill and Geiser 2008; Stawski et al. 2009). In these hibernation, which are distinguishable primarily on the species, the Tb of torpid individuals fluctuates widely basis of bout length (Geiser and Ruf 1995). Daily torpor (up to 10 1C) on a daily basis, reflecting the fact that typically involves periods of reduced Tb lasting less than they roost in relatively thermolabile sites in tree cavities 24 hours, whereas hibernation involves multi-day bouts and under bark (Turbill and Geiser 2008; Stawski et al. that may last as long as several months (Geiser and Ruf 2009). 1995). Recent studies suggest that heterothermy may be Hibernation is widespread in temperate-zone more important in the thermal energetics of bats from bat species that experience low environmental tempera- tropical and subtropical regions than currently appre- tures and reduced food availability during winter ciated. We hypothesized that similar patterns of hetero- (Lyman et al. 1982; Arlettaz et al. 2000; Humphries thermy to those recently reported for Australian tree- et al. 2002). Bats often hibernate in thermally roosting vespertilionids occur in the Egyptian Free- stable microsites such as caves and buildings during tailed Bat (Tadarida aegyptiaca), a 16 g molossid that winter, which allows them to maintain more-or-less is widespread in southern Africa and which roosts in constant Tb between interbout normothermic periods buildings, rock crevices, as well as in tree cavities and (Lyman et al. 1982; Arlettaz et al. 2000; Humphries under bark (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). We selected et al. 2002; Boyles and Willis 2009). In contrast, daily T. aegyptiaca for this study on account of the fact that it occurs in Pretoria year-round, and likely experiences ÃCorresponding author. Tel.: +27 12 4203232; fax: +27 12 3625242. substantial reductions in food availability during the E-mail address: [email protected] cool, dry winter months (Ashdown and McKechnie (A.E. McKechnie). 2008). 1616-5047/$ - see front matter r 2009 Deutsche Gesellschaft fu¨rSa¨ugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2009.06.001 Mamm. biol. ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] Please cite this article as: Cory Toussaint, D., et al., Heterothermy in free-ranging male Egyptian Free-tailed bats (Tadarida aegyptiaca)ina subtropical.... Mamm. Biol. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2009.06.001 ARTICLE IN PRESS 2 D. Cory Toussaint et al. / Mamm. biol. ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] The study was conducted during June and July 2008 logger using the calibration curve obtained for each at the Groenkloof educational campus (251460900S, transmitter. 0 00 28112 33 E) of the University of Pretoria in Pretoria, To account for variation in Tskin –Tb gradients, we South Africa, at approximately 1,200 m a.s.l.. Pretoria is used a relatively conservative threshold of Tskin r 25 1C in a subtropical area that receives rainfall during the to define torpor. A Tskin value of 25 1C is approximately austral summer and is characterized by hot, moist 10 1C lower than typical normothermic Tskin values (see summers and cool, dry winters. The dominant vegeta- results). Rewarming rates during arousals were esti- tion type in the vicinity of Pretoria is deciduous mated by fitting least-squares linear regression models to savannah, with a suburban mix of indigenous and Tskin data during rewarming periods that preceded exotic tree species at the study site. normothermy. Data are presented as mean7SD. We recorded roost temperatures (Troost) by attaching We were able to obtain Tskin data from only four of miniature data loggers (Thermochron iButtons, model the seven male T. aegyptiaca that we attached transmit- 1922L, Dallas Semiconductor) in shaded, well-ventilated ters to, and assume that the remaining three individuals locations close to roosting bats. Before deployment, the moved to roost sites beyond reception range. All four iButtons were calibrated in a water bath over the full individuals exhibited heterothermy, with the three range of roost temperatures experienced during the individuals that we obtained most of our data from study using a mercury thermometer, with accuracy regularly exhibiting reduced Tskin during the study traceable to the US National Bureau of Standards. period (Fig. 1), with bout duration (i.e., time between The iButtons were recalibrated at the end of the study arousals during which Tb r 25 1C) ranging from 2 to to account for any long-term drift that may have 484 hours (Fig. 1). In addition, one individual occurred. remained heterothermic for more than nine days at the At Groenkloof, T. aegyptiaca typically roosts in end of the study (Fig. 1A). The three individuals vertical gaps between walls and roof overhangs. We exhibited three distinct thermoregulatory patterns dur- captured bats on 28 June and 1 July 2008 as they ing the study period, best illustrated by an individual for emerged from their roosts to forage by suspending a whom we obtained Tskin traces with high temporal 16-mesh mist net (4 Â 10 m) across the roost openings. resolution using a data logger (Fig. 1A). This individual Only male T. aegyptiaca were caught. Skin temperature left its roost site only twice during the study. For (Tskin) was measured using 0.8 g (equivalent to 4.4–5.5% approximately 10 hr on the evening of 4 July, and for of body mass) temperature-sensitive transmitters (model 24 hr starting on the evening of 9 July, the signal from its BD-2 T, Holohil Systems, Carp, Ontario). The mean transmitter was not detectable at the roost (Fig. 1). body mass of the individuals we attached transmitters to Thereafter, it remained in the roost for 11 days until the was 16.971.1 g (n ¼ 6, range 14.6-18.1 g). Before end of the study on 20 July. Before the arrival of a cold attachment, the transmitters were calibrated in a water front on 11 July, this individual displayed daily torpor bath against a mercury thermometer over a range of (periods of normothermy interspersed with deep torpor temperatures from 5 1Cto451C. The transmitters were bouts), with a bimodal Tskin distribution, in which the attached to the skin between the scapulae by clipping the lower Tskin peak reflects periods of heterothermy and the fur away and using latex-based adhesive (Osto-Bond, upper Tskin peak is associated with arousal and M.O.C., Vaudreuil QC, Canada). The bats roosted normothermy (Fig. 1). The pronounced drop in daytime between vertical surfaces, without any obstructions roost temperatures associated with the cold front below them. Had any of the transmitters become coincided with a switch to hibernation, and a unimodal detached, they would have fallen to the ground below Tskin distribution with the majority of values between the roost and been readily detectable, and we are thus 13-19 1C(Fig. 1). Once the cold front passed and confident that they remained securely attached to the daytime temperatures increased again on 16 and 17 July, bats throughout the study period. Each transmitter this individual did not resume the daily torpor pattern emitted a unique frequency between 150.083 and evident early in the study period, but instead exhibited 150.203 MHz that allowed us to identify individual bats. large (10 1C) daily fluctuations in Tskin until the end of Signals from the transmitters were recorded using a the study (Fig. 1). During this period, the Tskin broad-band communications receiver (IC-R10, Icom, distribution was unimodal, reflecting the lack of active Bellevue, WA) and a three-element Yagi antenna, either arousals and normothermy, even though Tskin Z 25 1C by timing pulse intervals manually with a stopwatch, or occurred on some days (Fig. 1). Although we were using a custom-built data logger to record pulse unable to obtain Troost data for this individual, the Tskin intervals following McKechnie et al. (2004). For manual of two other bats closely tracked Troost (Fig. 1B,C). measurements, a minimum of 20 pulse intervals per Daily minimum Tskin ranged from 6.2 1C to 26.2 1C, reading were timed using a stopwatch (McKechnie and our data suggest that during most of the study et al. 2007). Skin temperatures were estimated from the period, the bats were thermoconforming (Fig. 1). pulse intervals measured manually or with the data Periods of normothermy generally coincided with Please cite this article as: Cory Toussaint, D., et al., Heterothermy in free-ranging male Egyptian Free-tailed bats (Tadarida aegyptiaca)ina subtropical...
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mexican Free-Tailed Bat Tadarida Brasiliensis
    General Info MEXICAN FREE-TAILED BAT Also known as the Brazilian free- TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS tailed bat, it’s native to America especially Southern California. They move and migrate in huge numbers, only to a few locations. They are vulnerable to destroying habitats in spite of their species being low in abundance. They are in declining population in California which makes it a species of concern in the state. Fun Fact Area Where The They have the fastest This Bats Live: horizontal bats live year round speed of any in the areas of animal south west Unites reaching top States. ground speed of 160 km/h. Physical Features Nutrition On average they grow to 9 cm in They are insectivores and length and weight about 12.3 g. The they hunt their prey using average wingspan is 23 cm, their tail echolocation. Their diet accounts for most of their length. consists of moths, beetles, Their ears are close to their muzzle dragonflies, true bugs, and and eyes which are wide and set apart ants. Their pollination of which helps them find prey using sugarcane and their echolocation. Their wings are consumption of insects elongated with pointed tips, which that damage that sugar make them quick for straight flight canes are the reason some patterns. Their fur can be from dark alcohol companies have brown to gray. the bats as their icon in http://www.batcon.org/resources/media-education/bats- magazine/bat_article/656 Nicholas Roman Biology 12 Dr. Joanna their labels. .
    [Show full text]
  • Tadarida Fulminans – Malagasy Free-Tailed Bat
    Tadarida fulminans – Malagasy Free-tailed Bat T. fulminans are recognised (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). The three large Tadarida species are easily distinguished from other large Molossid species by their unwrinkled upper lips (Monadjem et al. 2010). Assessment Rationale Although the species has a very restricted range within the assessment region, being recorded only from the Pafuri region of Kruger National Park, it is widespread (although patchily distributed) elsewhere in Zimbabwe and East Africa. Because it occurs exclusively in a protected area, and there are no plausible threats within the assessment region or throughout its range, it does not qualify for Vulnerable D2. Its population size is unknown but is Ara Monadjem assumed to be stable inside Kruger National Park. Thus we list this species as Least Concern. Regional Red List status (2016) Least Concern Regional population effects: It has a high wing loading National Red List status (2004) Not Evaluated (Monadjem et al. 2010), and thus we assume dispersal and rescue effects are possible. Reasons for change Non-genuine change: New information Distribution Global Red List status (2016) Least Concern This species ranges through East Africa, southern Africa TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None and a few localities on the island of Madagascar CITES listing None (Monadjem et al. 2016). It has been recorded from a number of regions in eastern and southeastern Africa, Endemic Edge of range along the border of Kenya and Uganda, as far south as Zimbabwe, central and northern Mozambique, southern The high-flying molossid Malagasy Free-tailed Malawi, the very northern reaches of South Africa, with an Bat (Tadarida fulminans) is unique amongst isolated record in northeast Zambia (Monadjem et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida's Bats: Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat1
    WEC379 Florida’s Bats: Brazilian Free-tailed Bat1 Holly K. Ober, Terry J. Doonan, and Emily H. Evans2 The Brazilian free-tailed bat (Figure 1) is found throughout Florida and is the state’s most common bat. With a wingspan of 12 inches (31 cm), it is a medium-sized bat. Fur color varies from dark brown to gray-brown. Brazilian free-tailed bats have long tails and wrinkled cheeks. Figure 2. Brazilian free-tailed bats can be found in every county throughout Florida. Figure 1. Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Credits: Emily Evans Credits: Merlin Tuttle, Merlin Tuttle’s Bat Conservation http://www. merlintuttle.com/ In Florida, these bats roost (sleep during the day) primarily in man-made structures. They have been found roosting in Found throughout the southern United States, the species attics and sheds, under bridges (e.g., highway overpasses), has been seen throughout the entire state of Florida with under barrel roof tiles, and in bat houses. Less commonly the exception of the Florida Keys (Figure 2). They are they can be found roosting in palm trees. highly gregarious, living in large congregations. 1. This document is WEC379, one of a series of the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date October 2016. Reviewed October 2019. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication. 2. Holly K. Ober, associate professor and wildlife Extension specialist, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; Terry Doonan, mammal conservation coordinator, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; and Emily Evans, mammal conservation biologist, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Ecology of Bat Cave, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
    R.B. Pape – Biology and ecology of Bat Cave, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. XX, no. X, p. 000–000. DOI: 10.4311/2012LSC0266 BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF BAT CAVE, GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK, ARIZONA ROBERT B. PAPE Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, [email protected] Abstract: A study of the biology and ecology of Bat Cave, Grand Canyon National Park, was conducted during a series of four expeditions to the cave between 1994 and 2001. A total of 27 taxa, including 5 vertebrate and 22 macro-invertebrate species, were identified as elements of the ecology of the cave. Bat Cave is the type locality for Eschatomoxys pholeter Thomas and Pape (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and an undescribed genus of tineid moth, both of which were discovered during this study. Bat Cave has the most species-rich macro-invertebrate ecology currently known in a cave in the park. INTRODUCTION Cave. A review of cave-invertebrate studies in the park, which included 9 reports addressing 16 caves, was prepared This paper documents the results of a biological and by Wynne et al. (2007). Their compilation resulted in a list ecological analysis of Bat Cave on the Colorado River of approximately 37 species of cave macro-invertebrates within Grand Canyon National Park conducted during currently known from caves there. Wynne and others have four expeditions to the cave between 1994 and 2001. The recently performed invertebrate surveys in caves in the study focused on the macro-invertebrate elements present Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, and have in the cave and did not include any microbiological already encountered several undescribed cave-inhabiting sampling, identification, or analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vita Kenneth T
    CURRICULUM VITA KENNETH T. WILKINS Personal Faculty office: Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7388 (254) 710-2911, FAX: (254) 710-2969 Administrative office: Graduate School, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7264 (254) 710-3588, FAX: (254) 710-3870 e-mail: [email protected] Education B.S., Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 1974 M.S., Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1977 Ph.D., Zoology, University of Florida, 1982 Professional Experience Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Research, Baylor Graduate School; Professor (tenured), Depts. of Biology and Geology, and in Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, June 2006-present. Courses taught: Mammalogy, Comparative Chordate Anatomy, Vertebrate Biology, Vertebrate Paleontology, Graduate Seminars in Biology, Graduate Proseminars in Interdisciplinary Scholarship. Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Research, Baylor Graduate School; Professor (tenured) and Interim Graduate Program Director (Biology), Depts. of Biology and Geology, and in Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, September 2003-May 2006. Courses taught: Mammalogy, Comparative Chordate Anatomy, Vertebrate Natural History, Vertebrate Paleontology, Graduate Seminars in Biology, Graduate Proseminars in Interdisciplinary Teaching and Interdisciplinary Scholarship. Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Research, Baylor Graduate School; Professor (tenured), Depts. of Biology and Geology, and in Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, September 2000-2003. Courses taught: Mammalogy (taught in Waco and at Chapala Ecology Station in Mexico), Comparative Chordate Anatomy, Vertebrate Natural History, Vertebrate Paleontology, Graduate Seminars in Biology, Graduate Proseminars in Interdisciplinary Teaching and Interdisciplinary Scholarship. Associate Dean of the Graduate School; Professor (tenured), Depts. of Biology and Geology, and in Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, June 1998-2000.
    [Show full text]
  • (Tadarida Brasiliensis) Colony by Night Herons
    PREDATION AT AN URBAN FREE-TAILED BAT (TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS) COLONY BY NIGHT HERONS Authors: McSweeny, Timothy, and Brooks, Daniel M. Source: The Southwestern Naturalist, 64(1) : 60-63 Published By: Southwestern Association of Naturalists URL: https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-64-1-60 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-Southwestern-Naturalist on 21 Feb 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Southwestern Association of Naturalists THE SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST 64(1): 60–63 PREDATION AT AN URBAN FREE-TAILED BAT (TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS) COLONY BY NIGHT HERONS TIMOTHY MCSWEENY* AND DANIEL M. BROOKS Houston Museum of Natural Science, 5555 Hermann Park Drive, Houston, TX 77030-1799 *Correspondent: [email protected] ABSTRACT—Harris County, Texas, is home to both species of North American night herons, black-crowned (Nycticorax nycticorax) and yellow-crowned (Nycticorax violacea).
    [Show full text]
  • African Bat Conservation Species Guide to Bats of Malawi P a G E | 1
    African Bat Conservation Species Guide to Bats of Malawi P a g e | 1 Molossidae Free-tailed bats Chaerephon pumilus Little free-tailed bat Genus: Chaerephon Family: Molossidae Description Chaerophon pumilus is a small bat with a greyish-brown to dark brown pelage. The underparts are slightly paler than the upper parts. The wings are long, narrow and light brown coloured. A narrow white or cream band is usually present on the inner flanks where the wings join the body. Typical of the family Molossidae, the tail is not completely enclosed within the tail membrane and the upper lip is wrinkled, giving a bulldog appearance. Mature males have an erectile crest on the top of the head whilst the ears on both sexes are joined by a flap of skin. The interaural and muzzle area contains sebaceous glands secrete odours used in sexual discrimination. Distribution Chaerophon pumilus is a widespread and abundant in the eastern parts of the region, where is has been recorded from KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland, through the Kruger National Park to Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, Zambia, Malawi, DRC and Mozambique. A geographically isolated population is restricted to Angola and the DRC west of the escarpment. Ecology Diet C. pumilus is an open-air forager. They feed on Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Blattodea. Reproduction After a 60-day gestation, a single young is born. There is a post-partum oestrus, which allow three births per year in the subregion. A third parturition event in May occurs in Malawi, and it can breed up to five times within a year in equatorial forest habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Extralimital Records of the Mexican Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis Mexicana) in the Central United States and Their Biological Significance
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies Nebraska Academy of Sciences 2000 Extralimital Records of the Mexican Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis Mexicana) in the Central United States and their Biological Significance Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Patricia W. Freeman University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Carey Grell University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas Part of the Life Sciences Commons Genoways, Hugh H.; Freeman, Patricia W.; and Grell, Carey, "Extralimital Records of the Mexican Free- Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis Mexicana) in the Central United States and their Biological Significance" (2000). Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies. 52. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/52 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Academy of Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societiesy b an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 2000. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 26: 85-96 EXTRALIMITAL RECORDS OF THE MEXICAN FREE-TAILED BAT (TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS MEXICANA) IN THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES AND THEm BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Hugh H. Genoways1, 2, Patricia W. Freeman 1, and Carey Grell 1, 2 1 University of Nebraska State Museum W436 Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 2 School of Natural Resource Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 ABSTRACT third in eastern New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma.
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of European Free-Tailed Bat Tadarida Teniotis Rafinesque, 1818 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region in NE Italy
    NATURA SLOVENIAE 17(2): 77-84 Prejeto / Received: 29.11.2015 SHORT COMMUNICATION Sprejeto / Accepted: 24.12.2015 First records of European free-tailed bat Tadarida teniotis Rafinesque, 1818 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Friuli Venezia Giulia region in NE Italy Maja ZAGMAJSTER,1 Luca DORIGO,2 Luca LAPINI2 1 Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Via Marangoni 39, 33100 Udine, Italy; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. The European free-tailed bat Tadarida teniotis is distributed mainly in the southern part of Europe, with gaps in the currently known distribution range. During the 2014 bat detector survey in Friuli Venezia Giulia in Italy, the species was recorded for the first time in the region. It was observed at three sites in Laghetti delle Noghere Nature Reserve (ca. 600 m from the border with Slovenia), where it was also feeding, and at a site near the border with the Veneto region. With these observations, the number of all recorded bat species in Friuli Venezia Giulia increased to 30. It remains to be answered with further studies, whether T. teniotis is a regular part of the regional fauna or an occasional vagrant only. Key words: Chiroptera, Tadarida teniotis, Friuli Venezia Giulia, first records, echolocation Izvleček. Prvi podatki o dolgorepem netopirju Tadarida teniotis Rafinesque, 1818 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) v Furlaniji - Julijski krajini na SV Italije – Dolgorepi netopir Tadarida teniotis je razširjen predvsem v južnih delih Evrope, z vrzelmi v trenutno znanem območju razširjenosti.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Morphology of the Tongue in Free-Tailed Bats (Chiroptera, Molossidae) 213
    Comparative morphology of the tongue in free-tailed bats (Chiroptera, Molossidae) 213 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE TONGUE IN FREE-TAILED BATS (CHIROPTERA, MOLOSSIDAE) Renato Gregorin1 ABSTRACT Descriptive and comparative studies on tongue of nineteen Molossidae, one Mystacinidae, and four Vespertilionidae bats species were carried out. Analysis was restricted to the external morphology, covering general shape of the tongue and its papillae. Types of papillae and their distribution presented considerable intergeneric variation, considering the strictly insectivorous feeding habits of these bats. Distribution of the data of tongue morphology is analyzed and compared with the phylogenetic schemes proposed previously and comments about evolutionary relationships among taxa were done. KEYWORDS. Molossidae, morphology, evolutionary relationships. INTRODUCTION Studies dealing with lingual morphology of bats are numerous when compared to other mammal orders (PARK & HALL, 1951; GREENBAUM & PHILLIPS, 1974; HOWELL & HODGKIN, 1976; GRIFFITHS, 1982; UIEDA, 1986; GRIFFITHS & CRILEY, 1989; GIMENEZ et al., 1996; WETTERER et al., 2000). Most of these studies had focused on family Phyllostomidae and recently they have conveyed on both descriptive and phylogenetic approaches (GRIFFITHS, 1982; GIMENEZ et al., 1996; WETTERER et al., 2000). Particularly to molossid bats nothing has been published about morphology of the tongue but other anatomical studies for the Neotropical molossids include analysis of glans penis (RYAN, 1991a, b) and hair structure (STAADEN & JONES, 1997). They have contributed to elucidate the evolutionary relationships and variation among and within molossid taxa, and also raised interesting questions when these data disagreed with the previously known hypothesis based on dentition (LEGENDRE, 1984; HAND, 1990), skull and external morphology (FREEMAN, 1981a; KOOPMAN, 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • From Korea, and the Description of Tadarida Teniotis (Chiroptera: Molossidae), a Rarely Collected Bat in Korea
    Korean J. Syst. Zool. Vol. 25, No. 1: 87-93, March 2009 A New Record of Nyctalus furvus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Korea, and the Description of Tadarida teniotis (Chiroptera: Molossidae), a Rarely Collected Bat in Korea Myung Hee Yoon* Department of Biology, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Korea ABSTRACT Taxonomic studies on two bat species, Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki 1968 belonging to the Ves- pertilionidae, and Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque) 1814 belonging to the Molossidae collected at Busan, Korea were carried out. The former, which has been known as an endemic species in Japan, is newly recorded in the Korean fauna and the latter is a very rare species which has not been collected since 1928 (Ognev, 1928) until two females were collected at Busan in this study, although Kishida and Mori (1931) reported the occurrence of the latter with no collecting record. Due to the addition of the former to the South Korean bat fauna, the bat fauna is composed of a total of twenty one species and one subspecies belonging to three families. Key words: Vespertilionidae, Molossidae, Nyctalus furvus, Tadarida teniotis, Korea INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS Since Corbet (1978) has regarded N. noctula motoyoshi Kuro- Phylum Chordata da 1934, which was reported to occur in Korea with no Class Mammalia confidence by Kuroda (1934, 1938), as a synonym of Ves- Order Chiroptera pertilio superans Thomas 1898, N. aviator Thomas 1911 Family Vespertilionidae has been known as the only species of Nyctalus Bowdich 1*Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki, 1968 1825 in Korea. On the other hand, a small-sized specimen (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproduction of Angola Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida Condylura) and Little Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida Pumila) in Malawi (Central Africa) and Elsewhere in Africa D
    Reproduction of Angola free-tailed bats (Tadarida condylura) and little free-tailed bats (Tadarida pumila) in Malawi (Central Africa) and elsewhere in Africa D. C. D. Happold and M. Happold Department of Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia Summary. Angola free-tailed bats and little free-tailed bats occur in diverse habitats throughout most of Africa south of the Sahara. This study investigated the repro- ductive strategies and related biology of these species in Malawi where they were sym- patric, and analysed data from elsewhere in Africa to show how the strategies varied along a gradient of habitats from approximately 12\s=deg\Nto 25\s=deg\S. Both the Angola free-tailed bat and the little free-tailed bat were normally mono- tocous. Angola free-tailed bats invariably had 2 births/year, and the interval between consecutive births decreased with increasing latitude. When the interval was shortest (\m=~\90 days) a post-partum oestrus occurred. Little free-tailed bats differed by having a shorter gestation ( \m=~\60 days), and the ability to have up to 5 births/year with a post- partum oestrus after each birth. The extent to which this potential is achieved varies with latitude and rainfall, mainly so that lactation can coincide with peaks in the abun- dance of food. The interaction between rainfall and reproductive characteristics results in the two species having patterns of reproduction which are sometimes similar, but more often different. Competition between the species is unlikely to be affected by differences in their reproduction. Keywords: reproduction; free-tailed bats; Tadarida; Chiroptera; Malawi; Africa Introduction Thirty-one (31) species of molossid bats are known to occur in Africa south of the Sahara (Hayman & Hill, 1971).
    [Show full text]