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Africa's Protected Natural Assets

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Africa's Protected Natural Assets Africa’s Protected Natural Assets The importance of conservation areas for prosperous and resilient societies in Africa Green Value natural capital in africa africa’s protected natural assets 1. a societal perspective on conservation areas in africa Imprint published in august 2021 by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Bonn/Eschborn, Germany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Germany Berghöfer A., Bisom N., Huland E., Koch V., Kruse J., Locher-Krause K., Philipp M., Renner I., Thibault K., Thiel M., Tröger U., van Zyl H. (2021): Africa’s Protected Natural Assets: The importance of conservation areas for prosperous and resilient socie- ties in Africa. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ). Bonn/Eschborn and Leipzig, Germany. ISBN 978-3-944280-26-4 Design: Concept, layout and graphics: now [nau], communicative & visual design, Frankfurt am Main Graphics implementation page 45, 52, 62,65, 69, 75, 78, 82, 86: Miria de Vogt Disclaimer The authors are responsible for the content of this report, drawing on the thinking and work of many organ- isations and people. The views expressed in this publication are those of its authors and do not constitute official positions of participating organisations. The designation of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities. Funded and commissioned by: 1 Africa’s Protected Natural Assets the importance of conservation areas for prosperous and resilient societies in africa ‘The full story of Africa’s endowment by nature is yet to be told and, as a result, the true value of biodiversity’s contributions to human well-being is underappreciated in decision-making processes.’ IPBES Africa Regional Assessment -SPM [A3], 2018 africa’s protected natural assets Acknowledgements This study is a collaborative effort. The following persons and institutions are gratefully acknowledged. Authors: Augustin Berghöfer (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ), Nina Bisom (Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit – GIZ), Elias Huland (GIZ), Volker Koch (GIZ), Johannes Kruse (GIZ), Karla Locher-Krause (UFZ), Marius Philipp (Würzburg University), Isabel Renner (UFZ), Karim Thibault (Biotope), Michael Thiel (Würzburg University), Ulrike Tröger (UFZ), Hugo van Zyl (Independent Economic Researchers). Further research input by: Morocco: M. Mohamed Ziyadi, M. Khalil Allali, M. Abdelhamid Fanzi. Mauritania: M. Mohamed Lemine Abdel Hamid, M. Khalidou. Ethiopia: Zelealem Tefera, Abiyot Tilahun, Fassil Teffera. Democratic Republic of the Congo: Gérard Imani, Janvier Bashagaluke Bigabwa, Marie Bernard Dhedya, Pierre Kiloso. Madagascar: Harifidy Rakoto Ratsimba. Côte d’Ivoire: Inza Kone, Ariane Amin, Karim Ouattara. Biotope: Guillaume Crepin, Alexia Aussel, Hamy Raharinaivo, Cyril Barbier. Würzburg University: Frederic Schwarzenbacher, Patrick Sogno, Sandro Groth, Aida Taghavi Bayat, Helena Wehner. Independent Economic Researchers: James Kinghorn. UFZ: Constantin Suppee. External Reviewers: Sofia Ahlroth (World Bank), Martin Boström (KfW, Germany), Tracey Cumming (BIOFIN-UNDP), Nigel Dudley (Equilibrium Research, UK), Tadesse Woldemariam Gole (Environment and Coffee Forest Forum, Ethiopia), Inza Kone (Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Cote d’Ivoire), Alphonce Kyessi (Ardhi University DSM, Tanzania), Günter Mitlacher (WWF-Germany), Fabien Quetier (Biotope, France), Chantal Shalukoma (Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, DRC), Juha Siikamaki (IUCN), Sue Stolton (Equilibrium Research, UK), Anthony Waldron (Conservation Research Institute, UK). Internal reviewers: GIZ: Alejandro von Bertrab-Tamm, Kristina Bowers, Waltraud Ederer, Danielle Fouth Obang, Houda Ghazi, Claudia Mayer, Mark Schauer, Paul Scholte, Silke Spohn, Djafarou Tiomoko, Florian Werner. UFZ: Johannes Förster, Julian Rode, Heidi Wittmer. Reviewers provided very helpful guidance and feedback on a draft version of the report. This final version is the sole responsibility of the authors. Language editor: Kathleen Cross 3 africa’s protected natural assets green value initiative Green Value natural capital in africa This report has been produced as part of the BMZ Green Value Initiative. Green Value Initiative The Green Value Initiative is the umbrella program benefits of Africa’s natural capital. The ‘Africa’s Pro- of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Co- tected Natural Assets Report’ is the pillar’s flagship operation and Development (BMZ) on the value of product; its aim is to tell the largely untold stories of nature in Africa. In providing multiple benefits such the value of these conservation areas for economic as clean air and water, productive soils, extreme prosperity and resilient societies. In addition, Green weather and erosion protection, health benefits, Value collaborates with six African countries to as- and solutions to climate change, Africa’s natural sess the value of selected conservation areas: Banco wealth is an important asset that contributes sig- National Park (Côte d’Ivoire), Lomami National Park nificantly to the continent’s welfare and achieve- (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Bale Moun- ment of societal development goals. The Green tains, Simien Mountains, Chebera Churchura and Value Initiative supports its African partner coun- Borena-Sayint Worehimeno National Parks (Ethio- tries and development institutions to integrate the pia), Ankarafantsika National Park (Madagascar), value of these assets in decision-making. Its objec- Diawling National Park (Mauritania) and Arganeraie tive is to mainstream natural capital into policies Biosphere Reserve (Morocco). and planning, financial markets and development finance, as well as measures of economic progress The Green Value Initiative comes at a pivotal mo- and national accounts (natural capital accounting). ment with mounting evidence clearly articulating With that, the Green Value Initiative contributes to the risks and costs associated with the unprecedent- one of the key building blocks for transformative ed loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosys- change towards nature-positive economies and tems witnessed around the world. To halt and revers development in Africa. the loss of nature, governments need to embark on a decade of ambitious and bold action until 2030 Under its protected area-pillar ‘Africa’s Protected and beyond, starting with the new Global Biodi- Natural Assets’, the Green Value Initiative aims to versity Framework of the Convention on Biological raise awareness and ambition for the key role con- Diversity. servation areas play in safeguarding the multiple 4 africa’s protected natural assets Abbreviations Abbreviations ANP Ankarafantsika National Park BAU Business-as-usual BER Bale Eco-Region BMNP Bale Mountains National Park BMZ German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development CAs Conservation Areas CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBD COP15 Fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity CBNRM Community-based Natural Resource Management DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo EC Ecological Consolidation ETB Ethiopian Birr EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographic Information System GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GW Gigawatt IPBES Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources LECZ Low Elevation Coastal Zones MCAs Marine Conservation Areas MW Megawatt NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index OECMs Other effective area-based conservation measures REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries SDG Sustainable Development Goal TEEB The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UN SEEA United Nations System of Environmental-Economic Accounting UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNEP-WCMC UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USGS United States Geological Survey WDPA World Database on Protected Areas WHO World Health Organization WWF World Wide Fund for Nature 5 africa’s protected natural assets contents Contents Green Value Initiative .......................................................................................................................................................................3 Forewords ..............................................................................................................................................................................................6 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1. A societal perspective on conservation areas in Africa .............................................................................................16 1.1. 7000+ conservation areas: Benefits and disputes .............................................................................................18
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