DOCSLIB.ORG

A Compariso of Mebendazole and Albendazole in Treating

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Compariso of Mebendazole and Albendazole in Treating ORIGINAL ARTICLES References A COMPARISO OF 1. Haupt H.A., RO\"ere GO. Anabolic steroids- a redew of the literature. Am {Sports Mrd 198-1; 12: -I69-J8.l. MEBENDAZOLE AND 2. \V"tlson JD. Androgen abuse by athletes. Endocr Rn' 1988; 9: 181-199. 3. Elashoff JD, Jacknow AD, Sham SG, Braunstein GO. Effects of anabolic·androgenic steroids ALBENDAZOLE IN TREATING on muscular strength. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 387·393. 4. Yesalis CE, Bahrke ~. Anabolic-androgenic steroids - current issues. Sports Med 1995; 19: 32("3-W. CHILDREN WITH TRICHURIS 5. Yesalis CE, Buckley WE, Anderson WA, et al. Athletes' projections of anabolic steroid use. elm Sports Afed 1990; 2: 155-171. TRlCHIURA I FECTIO I 6. Perry HM, Wright 0, Littlepage B:":C. Dying to be big: a fe\,jew of anabolic steroid use. Br I Sport, Med 1992; 26, 259-26I. DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA 7. Buckley WE, Yesalis eE, Friedl CE, Anderson WA, Strelt Al, Wright lE. Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. JAMA 1988; 260: 34-l1-J.4..t5. 8. Windsor K Dumitru D. Prevalence of anabolic steroid use by male and female adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exn" 1989; 21: 494-197. TFHG Jackson, SR Epstein, E Gouws, RF Cheetham 9. Tanner SM, Miller DW, Alongi C. Anabolic steroid use by adolescents: prevalence, motives, and knowledge of risks. CIin / Sport Mtd 1995; 5: 1 115. 10. Melia P, Pipe A, Greenberg L The use of anabolic·androgenic steroids by Canadian tudents. Clm I Sport Med 1996; 6, 9-H. 11. Korkia P. Anabolic steroid use in adolescents. Sports Ext7Cise and InJury 1996; 2.: 136-1 Objective. To compare the efficacy of mebendazole 500 mg 12. Hickson RC, Ball KL .. Falduto MT. Adverse effects of anabolic steroids. Med Toxieol Adt't'TSf and aIbendazole 400 mg single-close treatments of Trichuris Drug Exp 1989; 4, 254-271. 13. Goldberg L. Adverse effects of anabolic steroids. lAMA 1996; 276, 257. trichiura infection in children in the Durban area of KwaZulu- 14. Johnson M, Jay ~,Shoup B, Rickert V. Anabolic steroid use in adolescent males. Pediatrics atal, South Africa. 1989; 83: 921-92-1. 15. Bumett KF, Kleinman ME. Psychological characteristics of adolescent steroid users. Design. A single-blind randomised trial in children with a Adolescence 1994; 29: 81-89. 16. DuRant RH. Rickert VI. Ashworth CS. !':ewman C. Slavens G. Use of multiple drugs among documented moderate infection of T. mchiura. Ova were adolescents who use anabolic steroids. N Engl / Med 1993; 328: 97...2-926. counted in stool specimens before and 10 days after 17. Middleman A, DuRant RH...:\.nabolic steroid use and associated health risk behaviours. Sport, Med 1996; 21(-1): 251-255. treatment by the formal-ether concentration method. 18. Nemechek PM. Anabolic steroid users - another potential risk group for HIV infection. .\1 Engl I Med 1991; 325, 357. Setting. Two shelters for abandoned and orphaned children 19. Van der Merwe PI, Kruger HSl. Drugs in sport: results of the past 6 years of dope testing in in Durban. South Africa. S Afr Med 11992; 820 151-153. 20. lidestad SD, Lambert MJ. Schwellnus MP. A survey to determine types and dosages of Participants. inety-six children aged between 2 and 12 anabolic androgenic steroids used by competiti\'e body builders in South Africa. SA /ollrnal of Sports Medicine 1994; 1(2): 24-2 . years. 21. 5chwellnus ~{P, Lambert MI.. TOOd ~iP,. ]uritz.P1. Androgenic anabolic steroid use in matric pupils. A survey of prevalence of use in the western Cape. 5 Afr Med / 1992; 82: 154-1- . Outcome measures. The number of children who showed 22 Todd MP. The use of anabolic steroids by high school pupils in Cape Town: a survey. reduced T. trichiura ova counts after the treatments, and Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a BSc Hons degree in the Department of Mathematical Statistics, L'niver5ity of Cape Town, 1991. reductions in ova counts, both expressed as percentages. 23. Yesalis CE. Incidence of anabolic steroid use: a discussion of methodological issues. In: Yesalis C, ed. Anabolic Steroids in Sport and ExerCise. Champalgn, Ill: Human Kinetics Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon 2-sample test and the Publishers. 1993; -19-70. chi-square test. 24. Smart R, Blair ~. Test-retest reliability and validity information for a high .school drug use programme. Drug Alcohol Depend 1978; 3, 265-271. Results. Eighty-two children completed the trial; 42 received 25. Nilsson S. Androgenic anabolic steroid use among male adolescents in Falkenberg. Eur JGin Ph:mnDcol 1995; 48, 9-11. mebendazole and 40 albendazole. Of the mebendazole group 26. World Health Organisation. Meetmg on Research InitlQtive on Drugs and Sports 1993. Geneva: 85% showed a reduction in T. trichiura ova count, compared WHO. 7-11 lune 1993. 27. Wang MQ Yesalis CE. Fitzhugh EC, 8uckley WE. Desire for weight gam and potential risks with 75% of children who received albendazole. of adolescent males using anabolic steroids. Percept Mot Skills 1994; 78: 267-274. Mebendazole treatment was associated with a median 28. Goldberg L, Elliot DL, Clarke GN, et al. The Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids (ATLAS) prevention programme. Background and results of a model intervention. percentage reduction in ova count of 72.2%, which Arch PediD/r Adoles< Med 1996; 1500 713-721. significantly exceeded the 44.1% reduction after albendazole Accepted 14 lan 1998. (P = 0.024). Conclusian. The mebendazole 500 mg single-close therapy was more efficacious than the albendazole 400 mg single­ dose therapy in treating T. trichiura infection in these children. S Afr Med J1998; 88: 880-883. Medical Research Council, Durban TFHG Jackson, PhD SR Epstein, MedTech (SA) E Gouws. MSc jansse1l-Cilag, PO Box 785939, Sand/on, 2146 RF Cheetham, MSc July 199 , VO!. 0.7 SAMJ , ORIGINAL ARTICLES Trichuriasis is an extensive worldwide health problem with microscope, and dilute Lugol's iodine was used as a stain. The estimates indicating that some 500 million people are infected counts were expressed as eggs per gram of stool. Ninety-six with Trichuris,' Although found in all communities, parasitic children with a moderate infection (5 - 70 ova per cover slip on diseases tend to be associated with poverty, and one estimate low power) were selected for the trial. of the prevalence of T. trichiuYa infections in school-going children in a peri-urban area of KwaZulu- latal is 47%-' TreatInent and follo-w-up Intestinal parasitic infections impact on morbidity widely. These children then received either a single 500 mg dose of Trichuriasis has been associated with protein energy mebendazole (Vermox; Janssen-Cilag) or a single 400 mg dose malnutrition,' which in turn has behavioural and cognitive of albendazole (Zental; SmithKline Beecham). The drugs were effects. In a Jamaican study by Simeon et ai' it was shown that packaged identically and administered under the supervision T. trichiura infection combined with poor nutritional status had of a clinician in a single-blind manner according to a an adverse effect on school performance. Trichuriasis has also randomisation schedule prepared by the Janssen Research possibly been linked with poor attention in school-going Foundation, Belgium. The staff supervising the children were children.' T. trichillYa infection is one of the most difficult asked to note any adverse experiences reported by them, parasitic infections to treat effectively. For example, Hall and particularly during the 24-hour period following drug aharS found that although albendazole initially appeared to administration.Ten days after treatment stool collections were inhibit ova production, it was later resumed. Results of other repeated and 1 g duplicate samples of each specimen were investigations also support the fact that trichuriasis is more processed for quantitative T. trichiura ova counts, as above. difficult to treat than other parasitic infections such as ascariasis and hookworm.·.7 Statistics Mebendazole and albendazole are both benzimidazole In order to show a 25% difference in parasite reduction carbamate drugs. Mebendazole has a broad spectrum of between the two treatment groups, with 80% power and anthelmintic activity, including trichuriasis, hookworm, significance at the 5% level, 80 children were required to ascariasis, enterobiasis, strongyloidiasis and tapeworm. The complete the study. The distribution of the ova counts, as well drug is not absorbed from the host's intestine to any significant as the percentage reduction in ova counts, deviated degree and appears to work by irreversibly blocking glucose significantly from normality and so the results were uptake in the parasite, leading to depletion of the parasite summarised in terms of medians and interquartile ranges. The glycogen, decreased formation of adenosine triphosphate and significance of the difference between groups was assessed cell death.· Albendazole has a similar spectrum of activity to using the Wilcoxon 2-sample test. The chi-square test was used mebendazole, but its mode of action differs in that it is to compare the groups with respect to the percentage of absorbed from the host's intestine.· children showing a reduction in ova burden. Mebendazole has been available as a multiple daily dose formulation on the South African market for many years. The Ethical approval advent of the single-dose regimen for mebendazole and the This study was approved by the Postgraduate (Ethics) availability of albendazole for human treatment prompted the Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of atal, decision to conduct this comparative trial in South Africa. Durban. METHODS RESULTS Subjects and stool specimens Patient cLaracteristics One hundred and seventy-five children between the ages of One hundred and fifty-three (88%) of the 175 children screened 2 and 12 years (mean 8 years) were screened for this study. were positive for T.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Efficacies of Commercially Available Benzimidazoles Against Pseudodactylogyrus Infestations in Eels
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 4 Dis. aquat. Org. l Comparative efficacies of commercially available benzimidazoles against Pseudodactylogyrus infestations in eels ' Department of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Department of Pharmacy, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej. DK-1870 Frederiksberg C,Denmark ABSTRACT: The antiparasitic efficacies of 9 benzimidazoles in commercially avalable formulations were tested (water bath treatments) on small pigmented eels Anguilla anguilla, expenmentally infected by 30 to 140 specimens of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. (Monogenea).Exposure time was 24 h and eels were examined 4 to 5 d post treatment. Mebendazole (Vermox; 1 mg 1-') eradicated all parasites, whereas luxabendazole (pure substance) and albendazole (Valbazen) were 100 % effective only at a concen- tration of 10 mg I-'. Flubendazole (Flubenol), fenbendazole (Panacur) and oxibendazole (Lodltac) (10 mg l-') caused a reduction of the infection level to a larger extent than did triclabendazole (Fasinex) and parbendazole (Helmatac).Thiabendazole (Equizole), even at a concentration as high as 100 mg l-', was without effect on Pseudodactylogyrus spp. INTRODUCTION range of commercially available benzimidazole com- pounds. If drug resistance will develop under practical The broad spectrum anthelmintic drug mebendazoIe eel-farm conditions in the future, it is likely to be was reported as an efficacious compound against infes- recognized during treatments with commercially avail- tations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla with gill able drug formulations. Therefore this type of drug parasitic monogeneans of the genus Pseudodactylo- preparations were used in the present study. gyms (Szekely & Molnar 1987, Buchmann & Bjerre- gaard 1989, 1990, Mellergaard 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Baylisascariasis
    Baylisascariasis Importance Baylisascaris procyonis, an intestinal nematode of raccoons, can cause severe neurological and ocular signs when its larvae migrate in humans, other mammals and birds. Although clinical cases seem to be rare in people, most reported cases have been Last Updated: December 2013 serious and difficult to treat. Severe disease has also been reported in other mammals and birds. Other species of Baylisascaris, particularly B. melis of European badgers and B. columnaris of skunks, can also cause neural and ocular larva migrans in animals, and are potential human pathogens. Etiology Baylisascariasis is caused by intestinal nematodes (family Ascarididae) in the genus Baylisascaris. The three most pathogenic species are Baylisascaris procyonis, B. melis and B. columnaris. The larvae of these three species can cause extensive damage in intermediate/paratenic hosts: they migrate extensively, continue to grow considerably within these hosts, and sometimes invade the CNS or the eye. Their larvae are very similar in appearance, which can make it very difficult to identify the causative agent in some clinical cases. Other species of Baylisascaris including B. transfuga, B. devos, B. schroeder and B. tasmaniensis may also cause larva migrans. In general, the latter organisms are smaller and tend to invade the muscles, intestines and mesentery; however, B. transfuga has been shown to cause ocular and neural larva migrans in some animals. Species Affected Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are usually the definitive hosts for B. procyonis. Other species known to serve as definitive hosts include dogs (which can be both definitive and intermediate hosts) and kinkajous. Coatimundis and ringtails, which are closely related to kinkajous, might also be able to harbor B.
    [Show full text]
  • Mebendazole 1
    The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit EMEA/MRL/625/99-FINAL July 1999 COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS MEBENDAZOLE SUMMARY REPORT (1) 1. Mebendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic which is used in both human and veterinary medicine. In veterinary medicine, it is administered orally to horses, at a target dose of 8.8 mg/kg bw and to sheep and goats at a target dose of 15 mg/kg bw. Mebendazole has also been used in game birds, pigs, deer, poultry and cattle, including lactating animals and laying birds, but these uses were not supported with regard to the establishment of MRLs. Mebendazole is authorised in a range of mono-preparations including premixes for medicated feed, pastes, tablets, liquids, granules, drenches and suspensions for oral administration. Mebendazole is also used in combination products additionally containing either metrifonate, closantel or minerals (selenium, cobalt). 2. The pharmacokinetics of mebendazole was studied in rats, mice, dogs, humans and several target species. In rats given oral doses in the range of 0.06 to 10 mg/kg bw 14C-mebendazole, most of the radioactivity was recovered from the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and consisted mostly of unmetabolised mebendazole. Less than 1% of the administered radioactivity was detected in blood. Excretion was predominantly via the faeces, with 70 to 90% of the faecal radioactivity consisting of unmetabolised mebendazole. In rat liver, 1 hour after administration, 15% of the radioactivity consisted of unmetabolised mebendazole. Four hours after administration, the percentage of mebendazole had declined to 1%. Absorption in humans was increased when the same dose was given with a meal.
    [Show full text]
  • WSAVA List of Essential Medicines for Cats and Dogs
    The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) List of Essential Medicines for Cats and Dogs Version 1; January 20th, 2020 Members of the WSAVA Therapeutic Guidelines Group (TGG) Steagall PV, Pelligand L, Page SW, Bourgeois M, Weese S, Manigot G, Dublin D, Ferreira JP, Guardabassi L © 2020 WSAVA All Rights Reserved Contents Background ................................................................................................................................... 2 Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Using the List of Essential Medicines ............................................................................................ 2 Criteria for selection of essential medicines ................................................................................. 3 Anaesthetic, analgesic, sedative and emergency drugs ............................................................... 4 Antimicrobial drugs ....................................................................................................................... 7 Antibacterial and antiprotozoal drugs ....................................................................................... 7 Systemic administration ........................................................................................................ 7 Topical administration ........................................................................................................... 9 Antifungal drugs .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Albendazole: a Review of Anthelmintic Efficacy and Safety in Humans
    S113 Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans J.HORTON* Therapeutics (Tropical Medicine), SmithKline Beecham International, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom TW8 9BD This comprehensive review briefly describes the history and pharmacology of albendazole as an anthelminthic drug and presents detailed summaries of the efficacy and safety of albendazole’s use as an anthelminthic in humans. Cure rates and % egg reduction rates are presented from studies published through March 1998 both for the recommended single dose of 400 mg for hookworm (separately for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale when possible), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis and, in separate tables, for doses other than a single dose of 400 mg. Overall cure rates are also presented separately for studies involving only children 2–15 years. Similar tables are also provided for the recommended dose of 400 mg per day for 3 days in Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia spp. and Hymenolepis nana infections and separately for other dose regimens. The remarkable safety record involving more than several hundred million patient exposures over a 20 year period is also documented, both with data on adverse experiences occurring in clinical trials and with those in the published literature and\or spontaneously reported to the company. The incidence of side effects reported in the published literature is very low, with only gastrointestinal side effects occurring with an overall frequency of just "1%. Albendazole’s unique broad-spectrum activity is exemplified in the overall cure rates calculated from studies employing the recommended doses for hookworm (78% in 68 studies: 92% for A. duodenale in 23 studies and 75% for N.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics of the Major Parasitic Worms
    Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms International Helminth Genomes Consortium Supplementary Information Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 Contributions from Consortium members ..................................................................................... 5 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Sample collection and preparation ................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Data production, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) ........................................................................ 12 DNA template preparation and sequencing................................................................................................. 12 Genome assembly ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Assembly QC ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Gene prediction ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Contamination screening ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • I Comparative Activity of Anthelmintic
    Retour au menu Comparative activity of anthelmintic drugs, mebendazole, praziquantel and albendazole against Hymenolepis M. Gala1 ’ diminufa in experimentally infected S. R. Chin ’ Irats GALAL (MT), CHIN (S. R.). Comparaison de l’action de différents CAVIER and ROSSIGNOL (3) studied the taenicidal anthelminttuques (mébendazole, praziquantel et albendazole) contre properties of albendazole, mebendazole, niclosamide Hymenoleph diminuta chez des rats expérimentalement Infectés. Rev. Elev. Méd. vét. Pays trop., 1987, 40 (2) : 147-150. and praziquantel in experimentally infected mice and found that praziquantel and niclosamide have similar Des rats expérimentalement infectés avec If. diminufa ont été traités par voie orale avec trois anthelminthiques, administrés soit en dose taenicidal propet-ties. unique, soit en tiers de dose 3 jours consécutifs. Le praziquantel (250 mgkg ou 83 mg/k&j 3 fois) et I’alhendazole (800 mgkg ou Now are reported the comparative efficacy of meben- 167 mgkg/j 3 fois) ont totalement éliminé les vers, alors que le dazole, praziquantel and albendazole against experi- mébendazole (500 rng/kg- - ou 167 mg/kg/i- -. 3 fois) ne les a aue oartielle- mental infection of rats with H. diminuta, using single ment éliminés, avec une efficacité de 76 p. 160. Parmi ces j anthel- and divided oral doses for 3 consecutive days, 30 days mlnthlques, il n’a pas été relevé de différence signiiïcative d’efkacité entre les différents dosages pour chaque traitement. Aucune toxicité after infection. n’est apparue chez les rats traités. Mots CES : Rat - Helminthosc - Hymenolepis diminuta - Anthelminthique - Mébendazole - Prazi- quantel - Albendazole - Infection expérimentale. MATERIALS AND METHODS INTRODUCTION Definitive and intermediate hosts Albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) of both sexes and H.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthelmintics Are Drugs Used to Treat Parasitic Infections Due to Worms
    “ANTHEMINTICS" Presented By Mr.Ghule A.V. Assistant Professor, MES’S,College Of Pharmacy,Sonai. INTRODUCTION Helminth means worms. Helminthiasis is an infections caused by parasitic worms. Anthelmintics are drugs used to treat parasitic infections due to worms. Anthelmintics act through two mechanism . Vermicide (kill) used to kill parasitic intestinal worms. Vermifuge (expel) used to destroy or expel worms in the intestine. Helminths are 3 types Nematodes (round worms) - ascarids (Ascaris), filarias, hookworms, pinworms (Enterobius), and whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) Cestodes (tape worms) - multiple species of flat worms, Taenia saginatum, Taenia solium(cysticercosis, hydatid(echinococcus), Trematodes (flukes) – liver flukes, lung flukes, schistosoma BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURES Benzimidazoles : Albendazole , Mebendazole ,Flubendazole, Cyclobendazole Thiabendazole, Fenbendazole, Oxibendazole, Parbendazole Quinolines and isoquinolines [Heterocyclics]: Oxamniquine, Praziquantel Piperazine derivatives: Piperazine citrate, Diethyl carbamazine Vinyl pyrimidines: Pyrantel pamoate, Oxantel Amides : Niclosamide Natural products: Ivermectin Organo phosphorus: Metrifonate Imidazothiazoles: Levamisole Nitro derivatives: Niridazol BENZIMIDAZOLES Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. Many anthelmintic drugs(albendazole, mebendazole, etc.) belong to the benzimidazole class of compounds. ALBENDAZOLE It selectively bind to nematode ß-tubulin
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2013 1/44
    Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2013 DDD/1000/ ATC code ATC group / INN (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 146,8152 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0760 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0760 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0760 A01AB09 Miconazole(O) 7139,2 g 0,2 g 0,0760 A01AB12 Hexetidine(O) 1541120 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+Benzocaine(C) 23900 pieces A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+Thymol(dental) 2639 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+Cetylpyridinium chloride(gingival) 179340 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+Cetrimide(O) 23565 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate(O) 824240 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+Chamomille extract(O) 317140 g A01AD86 Lidocaine+Eugenol(gingival) 1128 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 35,6598 A02A ANTACIDS 0,9596 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 0,9596 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide(O) 591680 pieces 10 pieces 0,1261 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide(O) 1998558 ml 50 ml 0,0852 A02AD82 Aluminium aminoacetate+Magnesium oxide(O) 463540 pieces 10 pieces 0,0988 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+Magnesium carbonate(O) 3049560 pieces 10 pieces 0,6497 A02AF Antacids with antiflatulents Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium A02AF80 1000790 ml hydroxide+Simeticone(O) DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 34,7001 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 3,5364 A02BA02 Ranitidine(O) 494352,3 g 0,3 g 3,5106 A02BA02 Ranitidine(P)
    [Show full text]
  • S6 Ivermectin.Pdf
    21st WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines: Application for inclusion of ivermectin on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) Submitted: December 2016 Submitted by: Dr. Antonio Montresor Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases Preventive Chemotherapy and Transmission Control World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland Application for inclusion of ivermectin on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) Contents General items ...................................................................................................................... 4 1. Summary statement of the proposal for inclusion, change or deletion ........................... 4 2. Name of the WHO technical department and focal point supporting the application .... 5 3. Name of organization consulted and/or supporting the application ............................... 5 4. International Nonproprietary Name (INN) and anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code of the medicine ................................................................................................................. 6 5. Formulation(s) and strength(s) proposed for inclusion; including adult and paediatric .. 6 5.1 Strongyloidiasis ....................................................................................................................... 6 5.2 Soil-transmitted helminthiasis ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mebendazole Chewable Tablets), for Oral Use Have Been Reported (5.1) Initial U.S
    -----------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS--------------------------------­ HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use • Patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or its excipients (4) VERMOX™ CHEWABLE safely and effectively. See full prescribing -------------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS---------------------­ information for VERMOX™ CHEWABLE. • Risk of Convulsions: Convulsions in infants below the age of 1 year VERMOX™ CHEWABLE (mebendazole chewable tablets), for oral use have been reported (5.1) Initial U.S. Approval: 1974 • Hematologic Effects: Neutropenia and agranulocytosis have been -----------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE--------------------------­ reported in patients receiving mebendazole at higher doses and for VERMOX™ CHEWABLE is an anthelmintic indicated for the prolonged duration. Monitor blood counts in these patients (5.2) treatment of patients one year of age and older with gastrointestinal infections • Metronidazole and Serious Skin Reactions: Stevens-Johnson caused by: syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) have been reported • Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) and with the concomitant use of mebendazole and metronidazole. Avoid • Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) (1). concomitant use of mebendazole and metronidazole (5.3) ------------------------DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION----------------------­ ------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS------------------------------­ • The recommended dosage in patients one year of age
    [Show full text]
  • 118 Part 520—Oral Dosage Form New Animal Drugs
    § 516.1318 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–12 Edition) associated with Flavobacterium 520.45a Albendazole suspension. columnare. 520.45b Albendazole paste. (iii) Limitations. Feed containing 520.48 Altrenogest. florfenicol shall not be fed to catfish 520.62 Aminopentamide hydrogen sulphate tablets. for more than 10 days. Following ad- 520.82 Aminopropazine fumarate oral dosage ministration, fish should be reevalu- forms. ated by a licensed veterinarian before 520.82a Aminopropazine fumarate tablets. initiating a further course of therapy. 520.82b Aminopropazine fumarate, neomy- A dose-related decrease in cin sulfate tablets. hematopoietic/lymphopoietic tissue 520.88 Amoxicillin oral dosage forms. may occur. The time required for 520.88a Amoxicillin trihydrate film-coated hematopoietic/lymphopoietic tissues to tablets. 520.88b Amoxicillin trihydrate for oral sus- regenerate was not evaluated. The ef- pension. fects of florfenicol on reproductive per- 520.88c Amoxicillin trihydrate oral suspen- formance have not been determined. sion. Feeds containing florfenicol must be 520.88d Amoxicillin trihydrate soluble pow- withdrawn 12 days prior to slaughter. der. Federal law limits this drug to use 520.88e Amoxicillin trihydrate boluses. under the professional supervision of a 520.88f Amoxicillin trihydrate tablets. licensed veterinarian. The expiration 520.88g Amoxicillin trihydrate and clavulanate potassium film-coated tab- date of veterinary feed directives lets. (VFDs) for florfenicol must not exceed 520.88h Amoxicillin trihydrate and 15 days from the date of prescribing. clavulanate potassium for oral suspen- VFDs for florfenicol shall not be re- sion. filled. See § 558.6 of this chapter for ad- 520.90 Ampicillin oral dosage forms. ditional requirements. 520.90a Ampicillin capsules.
    [Show full text]