DOCSLIB.ORG

Influence of Host-Plant Quality on the Performance of Episimus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

BioControl (2009) 54:475–484 DOI 10.1007/s10526-008-9196-3 Influence of host-plant quality on the performance of Episimus unguiculus, a candidate biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree in Florida Veronica Manrique Æ J. P. Cuda Æ W. A. Overholt Æ S. M. L. Ewe Received: 18 June 2008 / Accepted: 30 October 2008 / Published online: 15 November 2008 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2008 Abstract Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifo- addition, higher survival (40%), faster development lius Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), introduced (34 day) and higher fertility (88% eggs hatched) from South America, invades a variety of habitats in occurred in high-nutrient treatments. Based on these Florida (e.g. disturbed sites, coastal mangrove forests). results, field releases should be conducted in favorable The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of habitats (e.g., low salinity, high fertility soils) to host-plant quality on the performance of Episimus maximize the possibility of establishment and popu- unguiculus Clarke (=E. utilis Zimmerman) (Lepidop- lation growth of E. unguiculus in Florida. tera: Tortricidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Brazilian peppertree. Experiments were conducted in Keywords Insect–plant interactions Á the laboratory using Brazilian peppertrees exposed Weed biological control Á Tortricidae Á either to different salinity levels (0, 6, 12 parts per Anacardiaceae Á Schinus terebinthifolius thousand), or to different nutrient levels (low, medium, high). Higher survival (55%) and faster development (32 day) to adulthood was observed on plants grown in fresh-water environments (0 ppt) compared to low (6 ppt) or high-salinity environments (12 ppt). In Introduction Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Handling Editor: John Scott. (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), is an introduced peren- nial plant that has become widely established & V. Manrique ( ) Á W. A. Overholt throughout central and south Florida (Cuda et al. Biological Control Research and Containment Laboratory, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Road, 2006). This species is native to Argentina, Brazil and Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA Paraguay (Barkley 1944, 1957), and was brought to e-mail: vero72@ufl.edu Florida as an ornamental in the 1840s (Mack 1991). Brazilian peppertree not only colonizes disturbed J. P. Cuda Department of Entomology and Nematology, University sites such as highway right-of-way, canals, fallow of Florida, Bldg. 970 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, farmlands, and drained wetlands, but also invades FL 32611, USA natural communities, including pinelands, hardwood hammocks and mangrove forests in Florida (Myrtin- S. M. L. Ewe Ecology and Environment, Inc., 1665 Palm Beach Lakes ger and Williamson 1986; Ewe 2001; Cuda et al. Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33401, USA 2006). The invasion and displacement of native 123 476 V. Manrique et al. species by Brazilian peppertree poses a serious threat leaflets together to feed, whereas older instars feed to biodiversity in many ecosystems of Florida and pupate inside a cylindrical rolled leaflet. The (Morton 1978). Several attributes of this plant dimorphic adults are small, grayish brown with distinct contribute to its invasiveness, including a large wing patterns that separate the sexes (Zimmerman number of fruits produced per female plant, an 1978). Because the entire life cycle of E. unguiculus effective mechanism of dispersal by birds (Panetta occurs in the canopy of the host plant, this insect may be and McKee 1997), tolerance to shade (Ewel 1979), well adapted to areas subjected to seasonal flooding in fire (Doren et al. 1991), and drought (Nilson and south Florida. Host-specificity studies conducted in Muller 1980b), allelopathic effects on neighboring Brazil and Florida quarantine showed that larval plants (Gogue et al. 1974; Nilson and Muller 1980a; feeding damage was restricted to plants in the family Morgan and Overholt 2006), and tolerance to saline Anacardiaceae in no-choice tests, and Brazilian conditions (Ewe 2001; Ewe and Sternberg 2002). peppertree was the preferred host in choice tests Although herbicides and mechanical methods (J. P. Cuda, unpublished data). A petition for the (e.g., cutting, burning and flooding) are routinely release E. unguiculus in Florida for biological control of used for controlling existing Brazilian peppertree Brazilian peppertree is currently in preparation. stands (Gioeli and Langeland 2006; Cuda et al. 2006), Several factors influence the establishment of these methods are extremely labor intensive and can biological control agents, such as climate, natural be very expensive, especially for large infestations. In enemies present in the introduced range and host-plant addition, chemical and mechanical controls are quality (Sutherst and Maywald 1985; Wheeler and unsuitable for some natural areas (e.g., mangrove Center 1996; Hunter 2001; Wheeler 2001; Byrne et al. forests) because they may have negative effects on 2003; Senaratne et al. 2006). Furthermore, the nutri- non-target species (Doren and Jones 1997) and tional status of many weeds has played an important may increase water pollution. Therefore, alternative role in successful biological control programs (Myers methods for long-term control of Brazilian peppertree 1987; Julien and Griffiths 1998). For example, initial are urgently needed. A classical biological control applications of nitrogen fertilizer helped in the program was initiated in the 1980s, and the leaflet- establishment of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) roller moth Episimus unguiculus Clarke (Lepidoptera: (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on prickly pear (Opuntia Tortricidae) was selected as a potential biocontrol spp.) cactus (Dodd 1940)andtheCyrtobagous salvinia agent of Brazilian peppertree because it clearly Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on damaged the plant and appeared to be host specific Salvinia molesta Mitchell (Salviniaceae) (Thomas and in its native range (Martin et al. 2004;Cudaetal. Room 1986). In addition, plant palatability varies 2006). Previous studies on this insect were published across salinity gradients (Levine et al. 1998;Moonand under the junior synonym Episimus utilis Zimmerman Stiling 2000;GoransonandHo2004), and high salinity (Razowski and Brown 2008). In the 1950s, E. ungui- levels may be detrimental to some insect herbivores culus was released and established in Hawaii, but (Hemminga and van Soelen 1988; Moon and Stiling successful control of Brazilian peppertree populations 2002; Schile and Mopper 2006). was not achieved (Goeden 1977; Yoshioka and Markin Because Brazilian peppertree invades different 1991; Julien and Griffiths 1998). However, its inability habitats in Florida (e.g., mangrove forests, pinelands, to control the plant in Hawaii should not preclude its abandoned farms), the environmental conditions release into other areas infested with Brazilian pepper- encountered in different habitats may influence the tree. Unfavorable abiotic or biotic factors may have survival and effectiveness of potential biocontrol contributed to its failure in Hawaii. For example, high agents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to larval mortality of E. unguiculus by introduced and evaluate the performance of E. unguiculus reared on native parasitoids and predators of agricultural pests Brazilian peppertree exposed to different salinity and was documented following its release (Davis 1959; nutrient levels in the laboratory. Results from this Krauss 1963). study will provide a better understanding of the The larvae of E. unguiculus feed on Brazilian interaction between Brazilian peppertree and peppertree leaflets and can completely defoliate small E. unguiculus, one of its principal herbivores. This plants (Martin et al. 2004). Early instars tie young information will improve the selection of release sites 123 Influence of host-plant quality on Episimus unguiculus performance 477 favorable for establishing the insect in Florida (ppt)), (2) low saline environment (6 ppt salinity), following its release from quarantine. and (3) high saline environment (12 ppt salinity). Brazilian peppertree plants were either irrigated with tap water (fresh water environment) or with water Materials and methods supplemented with seawater (36 ppt) to obtain 6 or 12 ppt salinity. In order to prevent plant stress, a Insect rearing stepwise increase in salt concentration (1 ppt every three days) was used. Plants were irrigated with each Laboratory experiments were conducted at the Bio- salinity level for the duration of the experiment logical Control Research and Containment Laboratory (*two months). Brazilian peppertree invades (BCRCL) located at the Indian River Research different habitats in Florida, including transitional and Education Center (IRREC) of the University of mangrove forests where salinity levels range between Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA. A colony of 0 and 25 ppt depending on the time of the year (rainy E. unguiculus was initiated in August of 2006 at the vs. dry season) (Ewe 2001). Thus, the salinity levels BCRCL, and insects were reared on individual used in this study (6 and 12 ppt) are within the range Brazilian peppertree plants (Florida genotypes) grown of values encountered in the field. in nursery pots (18 cm height, 17 cm diameter) inside Several plant parameters were recorded at the environmental growth chambers (25 ± 2°C, 60–70% beginning of the experiment (four to six replicates RH, 14L: 10D photoperiod) (see Martin et al. (2004) per treatment):
Recommended publications
  • TORTS Newsletter of the Troop of Reputed Tortricid Systematists ISSN 1945-807X (Print) ISSN 1945-8088 (Online)

    TORTS Newsletter of the Troop of Reputed Tortricid Systematists ISSN 1945-807X (Print) ISSN 1945-8088 (Online)

    Volume 11 14 February 2010 Issue 1 TORTS Newsletter of the Troop of Reputed Tortricid Systematists ISSN 1945-807X (print) ISSN 1945-8088 (online) NEW LEPIDOPTERISTS AT papers to Dr. B.-K. Byun - [email protected]. MAJOR INSTITUTIONS PDFs of 11 papers authored or co-authored by Jozef Razowski (2000-2009) can be found at WORLDWIDE http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tortricidae. And as mentioned in a previous issue of the It’s been a remarkable year for those newsletter, issues of Polskie Pismo young scienstists in the job market seeking a Entomologiczne 2006-2009 also are available career postion in Lepidoptera systematics, on-line at http://pte.au.poznan.pl/ppe/ppe.htm. with positions becoming available at The ______________________________________ Natural History Museum, London, U.K., the Australian National Insect Collection TAXONOMIC ADDITIONS AND (ANIC), Canberra, Australia, and The McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and CHANGES PROPOSED IN 2008 Biodiversity, University of Florida, Gainesville. While a new lepidopterist has Below is a list of the new tortricid taxa been hired at The Natural History Museum, proposed in 2008 (with a few overlooked from potential candidates are still being evaluated previous years), followed by a list of new at ANIC and the McGuire Center. synonyms, new combinations, and mis- Thomas Simonsen, most recently from spellings, followed by the literature that the lab of Felix Sperling at the University of supports the proposed additions and changes. Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, accepted the position in London in late 2009. Stay tuned Acleris for news on the positions in Canberra and Gainesville. nishidai Brown, in Brown & Nishida, 2008 ____________________________________ (Acleris), SHILAP Revista de Lepidoptero- logia 36: 342.
  • Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report

    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report

    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
  • Razowski J., Wojtusiak J

    Razowski J., Wojtusiak J

    Genus Vol. 19(3): 497-575 Wrocław, 30 X 2008 Tortricidae from the Mountains of Ecuador. Part III: Western Cordillera (Insecta: Lepidoptera) JÓZEF RAZOWSKI1 & JANUSZ WOJTUSIAK2 1Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] 2Zoological Museum, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, Kraków, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. This paper constitutes part two of the series on Tortricidae from the mountains of Ecuador. 130 species are treated; 7 genera and 74 species are described as new. These are: Plesiocochylis gen. n., Plesiocochylis gnathosia sp. n., Henricus pampasianus sp. n., Imashpania gen. n., Imashpania mashpinana sp. n., Saphenista leuconigra sp. n., Saphenista chiriboga sp. n., Saphenista pululahuana sp. n., Saphenista brunneomaculata sp. n., Deltophalonia obscura sp. n., Aethes chilesi sp. n., Tossea gen.n., Tossea setosa sp. n., Psedaleulia manapilao sp. n., Subterinebrica magnitaeniana sp. n., Netechma splendida sp. n., Netechma lamanana sp. n., Netechma camelana sp. n., Netechma polycornuta sp. n., Netechma crucifera sp. n., Netechma obunca sp. n., Netechma otongana sp. n., Netechma bifascia sp. n., Netechma altitudinaria sp. n., Netechma jelskii sp. n., Furcinetechma gen. n., Furcinetechma magnifurca sp. n., Clarkenia triangulifera sp. n., Badiaria plagiata sp. n., Inape chara sp. n., Inape rigidsocia sp. n., Inape tricornuta sp. n., Inape balzapamba sp. n., Transtillaspis hepaticolorana sp. n., Transtillaspis calderana sp. n., Transtillaspis chiribogana sp. n., Transtillaspis chilesana sp. n., Transtillaspis multicornuta sp. n., Transtillaspis pichinchana sp. n., Transtillaspis golondrinana sp. n., Transtillaspis quatrocornuta sp. n., Transtillaspis longisetae sp. n., Pelzia gen.
  • Bulletin 132

    Bulletin 132

    fj/^ (U^^tj^.J-'^'^^^^ ^^^^ S>nTHSONI.\N INSTITTTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 132 REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE SUBFAMILIES LASPEYRESIINAE AND OLETHREUTINAE BY CARL HEINRICH Of the Bureau of Entomology, United St^es Deparimirtt of Agriculture WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 75 CENTS PER COPY — ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two series Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived therefrom, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are completed annually and copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are dis- tributed as soon as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. The Bulletins^ the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate organizations comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occa- sionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and catalogues of type specimens, special collections, etc. The majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable.
  • 1 Modern Threats to the Lepidoptera Fauna in The

    1 Modern Threats to the Lepidoptera Fauna in The

    MODERN THREATS TO THE LEPIDOPTERA FAUNA IN THE FLORIDA ECOSYSTEM By THOMSON PARIS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 2011 Thomson Paris 2 To my mother and father who helped foster my love for butterflies 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I thank my family who have provided advice, support, and encouragement throughout this project. I especially thank my sister and brother for helping to feed and label larvae throughout the summer. Second, I thank Hillary Burgess and Fairchild Tropical Gardens, Dr. Jonathan Crane and the University of Florida Tropical Research and Education center Homestead, FL, Elizabeth Golden and Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, Leroy Rogers and South Florida Water Management, Marshall and Keith at Mack’s Fish Camp, Susan Casey and Casey’s Corner Nursery, and Michael and EWM Realtors Inc. for giving me access to collect larvae on their land and for their advice and assistance. Third, I thank Ryan Fessendon and Lary Reeves for helping to locate sites to collect larvae and for assisting me to collect larvae. I thank Dr. Marc Minno, Dr. Roxanne Connely, Dr. Charles Covell, Dr. Jaret Daniels for sharing their knowledge, advice, and ideas concerning this project. Fourth, I thank my committee, which included Drs. Thomas Emmel and James Nation, who provided guidance and encouragement throughout my project. Finally, I am grateful to the Chair of my committee and my major advisor, Dr. Andrei Sourakov, for his invaluable counsel, and for serving as a model of excellence of what it means to be a scientist.
  • Host Plant Records Have Been Published for Nearly Half of the Ap­ Proximately 800 Species of Nearctic Olethreutinae

    Host Plant Records Have Been Published for Nearly Half of the Ap­ Proximately 800 Species of Nearctic Olethreutinae

    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 37(3). 1983. 224-227 NEW HOST RECORDS FOR OLETHREUTINAE (TORTRICIDAE) RICHARD L. BROWN,! J. F. GATES CLARKE,2 AND DALE H. HABECK3 ABSTRACT. Host records are given for 33 species of Nearctic Olethreutinae in the genera Epiblema, Eucosma, Pe/ochrista, Phaneta, Cydia, Ecdytolopha, Ethelgoda, Grapholita, Satronia, Episimus, Larisa, and Zomaria. Host plant records have been published for nearly half of the ap­ proximately 800 species of Nearctic Olethreutinae. The following rec­ ords are given for 33 species represented in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History and the Florida State Collection of Arthropods; specimens in the latter are indicated by FSCA following the entries. Identifications of the Olethreutinae were made by the senior author. Plant identifications have not been confirmed since their original iden­ tifications; host information is given as recorded on the label, except the nomenclature has been emended following Kartesz and Kartesz (1980). Family names of hosts are given after the initial listing of the plant genus. The letter (n) represents the number of specimens reared. Dates are given as on the specimen labels and do not imply natural emergence times because of the various rearing conditions. The publication of host records should be tempered with a precau­ tionary note. The following records do not imply that the listed plant species is the favored host. Some species may be incidental hosts, while others may represent the plant upon which the larva was collected and not necessarily the plant on which the larvae were feeding or the plant upon which the female oviposited.
  • Cover Page 2017 James P. Cuda, Ph.D. Professor and Fulbright

    Cover Page 2017 James P. Cuda, Ph.D. Professor and Fulbright

    IPM Award Nomination 1 James Cuda Cover Page 2017 James P. Cuda, Ph.D. Professor and Fulbright Scholar Charles Steinmetz Hall UF/IFAS Entomology & Nematology Dept. Bldg. 970, Natural Area Drive PO Box 110620 Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 (352) 273-3921 [email protected] IPM Award Nomination 2 James Cuda College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Steinmetz Hall, Bldg. 970 Entomology and Nematology Department 1881 Natural Area Drive P.O Box 110620 Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 352-273-3901 352-392-0190 Fax January 24, 2017 Southeastern Branch of the ESA Awards Committee Dear Committee: Although I have only recently joined the Entomology and Nematology Department at the University of Florida, I have quickly come to learn of Dr. Jim Cuda’s accomplishments and passion for research and education in in biocontrol and integrated pest management. As a consequence, I have decided to nominate him for the ESA SEB Recognition Award in IPM and believe he is deserving of your strongest consideration. Jim has developed an internationally recognized program in biocontrol of invasive weeds and has become a globally recognized authority in identifying and evaluating potential biocontrol agents of invasive weeds. He has made significant contributions to the successful management of important invasive weed species in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. He also has made important discoveries in understanding the attributes of successful introduction of exotic biocontrol agents in a manner that successfully mitigates the invasion without disruption of native species. Information from this work has been critical to the management of important invasive plant species such as the tropical soda apple.
  • Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Candidate for Biological Control of Brazilian Peppertree

    Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Candidate for Biological Control of Brazilian Peppertree

    APPLICATION OF THE F1 STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE (F1SIT) FOR FIELD HOST RANGE TESTING OF Episimus utilis ZIMMERMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE By ONOUR ELIZABETH MOERI A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2007 1 © 2007 Onour Elizabeth Moeri 2 To my parents 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my major advisor James P. Cuda and co-adviser William A. Overholt for their support and guidance. I thank my other committee members, James L. Carpenter and Stephanie Bloem for sharing their vast knowledge of inherited sterility and providing an immeasurable amount of support throughout the project. I thank Judy Gillmore and the staff of the weed biological control lab, whom without their help with insect rearing and plant cultivation, this project would not be possible. I thank Dr. Burrell Smittle, Carl Gillis, and Suzanne Fraser at the Florida Accelerator Services and Technology Gainesville, FL for their support and assistance with irradiation of the E. utilis moths. In addition, I thank my family and friends for always being there to listen and provide encouragement. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................8
  • Screening Aid Cherry Bark Tortrix

    Screening Aid Cherry Bark Tortrix

    Cherry Bark Tortrix Screening Aid Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli) Hanna R. Royals1, Todd M. Gilligan1, Chris Looney2 and Steven C. Passoa3 1) Identification Technology Program (ITP) / Colorado State University, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 U.S.A. (Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]) 2) Washington State Department of Agriculture, PO Box 42560, Olympia, Washington 98504 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) 3) USDA-APHIS-PPQ, USDA-FS Northern Forest Research Station and Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) Version 1 This CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) screening aid produced for and distributed by: 19 December USDA-APHIS-PPQ National Identification Services (NIS) 2016 This and other identification resources are available at: http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/taxonomic_services The cherry bark tortrix (CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli), is a minor pest in Europe that has become established in the Pacific Northwest of North America. It first appeared in British Columbia in 1990, rapidly spreading to neighboring Washington by 1991, and also now to Oregon. The larva feed on a wide variety of fruit trees. While CBT prefers those in Prunus, especially cherry, any woody shrub or tree in the Rosaceae family is at risk of infestation. Damage from larvae depends on the intensity of the infestation and can take years to kill a host plant, but feeding and other damage by larvae can provide the opportunity for secondary bacterial and fungal pathogen entry.The widespread presence of appropriate host plants in the northwestern U.S.
  • Butterflies of North America

    Butterflies of North America

    Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. Part 3 Chapter 1 Survey of Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Fort Sill, Comanche Co., Oklahoma Chapter 2 Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III. Arachnida: Ixodidae, Scorpiones, Hexapoda: Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University 1 Cover Photo Credits: The Black and Yellow Argiope, Argiope aurantia Lucas, (Photo by P.E. Cushing), a robber fly Efferia texana (Banks) (Photo by C. Riley Nelson). ISBN 1084-8819 Information about the availability of this publication and others in the series may be obtained from Managing Editor, C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Ddiversity, Department of Bbioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523-1177 2 Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III Edited by Paul A. Opler Chapter 1 Survey of Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Fort Sill, Comanche Co., Oklahoma by Paula E. Cushing and Maren Francis Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science Denver, Colorado 80205 Chapter 2 Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III. Arachnida: Ixodidae, Scorpiones, Hexapoda: Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera by Boris C. Kondratieff, Jason P. Schmidt, Paul A. Opler, and Matthew C. Garhart C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 January 2005 Contributions of the C.P.
  • ROY KENDALL Including Service in Europe During WW II

    ROY KENDALL Including Service in Europe During WW II

    • FOUNDED VOL.6; NO.3 1978 OCT.,1984 THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOUTHERN LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY, ORGANIZED TO PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC INTEREST AND KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO UNDERSTANDING THE LEPIDOPTERA FAUNA OF THE SOUTHERN REGION OF THE UNITED STATES. ROY KENDALL including service in Europe during WW II. The main thrust of his research has been :1984 ABBOTT AWARD WINNER: an intensive and detailed study of the life history of the lepidoptera of Texas and northern Mexico. THE ABBOTT AWARD will be presented to ROY KENDALL of San Antonio, Texas, at the During the course of this work, he has Southern Lepidopterists' meeting at Bent­ worked out the life history of most of the sen State Park this month. 400+ species of butterflies and skippers that occur in Texas and has also built up Lepidopterology has been a lifelong in­ a large reference collection of Texas terest for Roy, who retired in 1972, after butterflies, as well as much additional a 31 year career with the Dept. of Defense, historical and distributional data. This information will bepublished soon in Roy's long anticipated and eagerly awaited book on the butterflies and skippers of Texas. Roy has also worked out the life history of a great many moths from both Texas and Mexico, which recently has been the main focus of his ongoing research. He also has made a great contribution in the rearing of numerous lepidoptera parasites and the study of diseases and predators. Roy joined the Lepidopterists' Society in 1954 and served as it's treasurer 1966-68. In 1984 he was nominated for president of the Lepidopterists' Society.
  • Schinus Terebinthifolius Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)

    Schinus Terebinthifolius Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)

    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Sapindales Anacardiaceae Common name pimienta de Brasil (English, Puerto Rico), Christmas berry (English), Mexican pepper (English), Brazilian pepper tree (English), Brazilian pepper (English), Brazilian holly (English), Rosapfeffer (German), Florida holly (English), poivrier d'Am?rique (French), faux poivrier (French), poivre du Br?sil (French), poivre rose (French), encent (French), warui (Fijian), poivre marron (French), naniohilo (Hawaiian), wilelaiki (Hawaiian), copal (Spanish), baie rose (French) Synonym Similar species Summary Native to Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil, Schinus terebinthifolius is a pioneer of disturbed sites, but is also successful in undisturbed natural environments. It is an aggressive evergreen shrub or small tree, 3-7 metres in height that grows in a variety of soil types and prefers partial sun. Schinus terebinthifolius produces shady habitats that repel other plant species and discourage colonisation by native fauna and alter the natural fire regime. Its fruit has a 'paralysing effect' on birds and even grazing animals when ingested. Schinus terebinthifolius seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals and it readily escapes from garden environments. It is planted as both an ornamental and shade tree and has many uses. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Schinus terebinthifolius is an evergreen shrub or small tree, 3-7 metres tall or more. The odd-pinnately compound leaves are alternately arranged on branches and range from 8 to 17cm in length. Each leaf is composed of usually 4 or 6, or sometimes more, rounded and often toothed lateral leaflets, arranged in pairs along a narrowly winged leaf axis, or rachis, and a single, terminal leaflet.