Notes

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN NOTES

AMBZ Archief Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken COL Columbia University, Butler Library COR , Carl A. Kroch Library, Rare and Manuscript Collections EBvL Eliza Bowditch van Loon EBvLP Eliza Bowditch van Loon Papers ER Eleanor Roosevelt ERP Eleanor Roosevelt Papers FBI U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation FDR Franklin Delano Roosevelt FDRL Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum GAR Gemeentearchief GWvL Gerard Willem van Loon HAL Holland-America Line HHPL Herber Hoover Presidential Library HU , Houghton Library HWvL Hendrik Willem van Loon HWvLP Hendrik Willem van Loon Papers KHA Koninklijk Huisarchief, Archief Prinses Juliana LC Library of Congress, Manuscript Division NA Nationaal Archief, Tweede Afdeling NIOD Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie NLMD Nederlands Letterkundig Museum en Documentatiecentrum NYPL Public Library, Manuscripts and Archives Division PPF President’s Personal File, Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers PSF President’s Secretary’s File, Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers SHSW State Historical Society of Wisconsin Story GWvL, The Story of Hendrik Willem van Loon (Philadelphia and New York: Lippincott Company, 1972) SUL Syracuse University Library, Department of Special Collections UIL University of Iowa Libraries, Special Collections Department UP University of Pennsylvania, Van Pelt Library, Special Collections Department ZA Zeeuws Archief 270 Notes Prologue

1. “Van Loon Buried in Old ,” New York Times, 15 March 1944; “Van Loon Rites Conducted in Old Greenwich,” New York Herald Tribune, 15 March 1944; “Van Loon Rites Attended By La Guardia, Dutch Envoy,” Greenwich Time, 15 March 1944; Unitarian Church of All Souls Archives, Rev. Laurance I. Neale Collection, HWvL Files, Text spoken by Rev. Laurance I. Neale at funeral service for HWvL in Old Greenwich, , 14 March 1944; COR, HWvLP, box 3, folder 23, unidentified person to Rene Scudamore, 14 March 1944, and Jimmie to Rene Scudamore, 23 March 1944; GWvL, Story, 374–375; Author’s interview with Henry B. van Loon, 8 January 1994; F. Fraser Bond, “Hendrik and the Gate of Heaven,” Saturday Review of Literature 29 (15 June 1946): 22–23. 2. New York Times, 12 and 13 March 1944; New York Herald Tribune, 12 March 1944. 3. L.A. Ries, “Hendrik-Willem van Loon. An Appreciation of the Man,” News Digest 3.1 (15 March 1944): 1–3. 4. J. Greshoff, “Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 20 March 1944: 38; Adriaan J. Barnouw, Monthly Letters on the Culture and History of the Netherlands (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1969), 240–244. 5. Grant Richards, “Mr. H.W. van Loon. An Appreciation,” The Times, 14 March 1944; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, FDR to Mrs. HWvL, 11 March 1944.

1 A Troubled Youth in Holland (1882–1902)

1. HWvL, Report to (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947), 190. 2. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 21, 94; GWvL, Story, 6. 3. GWvL, Story, 7; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 40–41. 4. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 46–47. 5. GWvL, Story, 7; HWvL, My School Books (Wilmington, Delaware: E.I. DuPont De Nemours and Company, 1939), 13, 16; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 106–109. 6. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 28–29; HWvL, (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1921), 450. 7. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 61–69. 8. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 202–205, 214. 9. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 208. 10. Clifton Fadiman, ed., I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Certain Eminent Men and Women of Our Time (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939), 308–309; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 189, 194, 196, 200, 202. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to unidentified person, 3 March 1939. 12. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 42–43, 105–106. 13. GWvL, Story, 12–13. 14. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 22. Notes 271

15. GWvL, Story, 13–15; HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942), 5, 21–22; The Praise of Folly by Desiderius of Rotterdam, With a Short Life of the Author by Hendrik Willem van Loon of Rotterdam Who Also Illustrated the Book. Published for the Classics Club (Roslyn, New York: Walter J. Black, 1942), 21. 16. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folders 1 and 2, mostly undated letters from HW’s mother to HW; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 212–213; The Praise of Folly, 22. 17. GWvL, Story, 16–17. 18. GWvL, Story, 17–18; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 15. 19. GWvL, Story, 18–19; COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 21, obituary notice Elisabeth Johanna Hanken, 2 May 1900. 20. GWvL, Story, 20; COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 5, George L. Burr to Sarah Parker Hanken, 27 January 1902. 21. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 5, HWvL to George L. Burr, 27 March 1902. 22. GWvL, Story, 21–22, 24; GAR, HAL Passenger Lists 1900–1940, departure S.S. Potsdam, 24 July 1902; Photo in COR, HWvLP, box 58, folder 3, N4551.

2 Cornell–Harvard–Cornell (1902–1905)

1. HWvL, “I Knew a Saint,” Omnibook Magazine 1.10 (September 1939): 1; James Bryce, The American Commonwealth, 2 vols. (New York: Macmillan Company, 1888). Two decades later, in his “H.v.L.” column in the Sun, van Loon wrote that although most foreigners who came to the to study the country were advised to read Bryce’s American Commonwealth, he thought that these two volumes were “rather difficult to read.” Though Bryce’s book explained the political system, according to van Loon it was “not so good [at trying] to explain just what sort of people the fertile soil of this great continent produced during a century of pioneering and fighting and working and suffering, when the foundations of our modern state were being laid.” “H.v.L.” Sun column, 11 July 1922. 2. HWvL, “I Knew a Saint,” 1–2. 3. HWvL, “Impressions of Cornell,” in Raymond F. Howes, ed., Our Cornell (Ithaca, NY: The Cayuga Press, 1939), 2–4. 4. COR, HWvLP, box 1, folder 1, HWvL to Esther Bell-Robinson, 20 August 1902. 5. Photo in COR, HWvLP, box 58, folder 22, N4548, and in box 53, photograph album. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 1, folder 1, HWvL to Esther Bell-Robinson, 29 September 1902. 7. Charles L. Williams, retired U.S. Army major, to the mayor of Greenwich, Connecticut (probably 14 March 1944). The letter was published in the Greenwich Time, 16 March 1944, 3. 8. GWvL, Story, 25. 272 Notes

9. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 9 August 1903; ibid., box 8, folder 7, HWvL to Mr. L. Cooper, 28 September 1903. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 29 September and 27 November 1903; ibid., box 10, folder 5, HWvL to George L. Burr, 3 March 1904. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 5, HWvL to George L. Burr, 7 May and 8 June 1904. 12. GAR, HAL Passenger Lists 1900–1940, departure S.S. Potsdam, 17 September 1904; GWvL, Story, 27–33. 13. GWvL, Story, 33–35. 14. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 5, HWvL to George L. Burr, 26 October 1904. 15. HWvL, “Impressions of Cornell” in Howes, Our Cornell, 9–10. 16. GWvL, Story, 35; COR, HWvLP, box 2, folder 9, HWvL’s résumé enclosed to his 24 April 1914 letter to Professor Goodnight of the University of Wisconsin at Madison. 17. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 17 July 1903; ibid., box 1, folder 1, Franklin Matthews to Charles H. Hull, 18 December 1904. 18. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 31 December 1904; ibid., box 56 contains HWvL’s “certificate of graduation,” which states that HWvL “was in residence at Cornell University from September 1902 to June 1905 [not mentioning the year at Harvard] and received the AB on June 22, 1905”; GWvL, Story, 36.

3 Associated Press Journalist in Russia and Poland (1905–1907)

1. COR, HWvLP, box 2, folder 9, HWvL’s résumé enclosed to his 24 April 1914 letter to Professor Goodnight of the University of Wisconsin at Madison. 2. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 3 July 1905. 3. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 6, Henry P. Bowditch to George L. Burr, 6 July 1905 and George L. Burr to Henry P. Bowditch, 8 and 10 July 1905. 4. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 21 September and 25 October 1905. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 29 September 1905; ibid., box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 25 October 1905. A decade later, HWvL wrote that during his Washington days as Associated Press journalist he did “everything: State Department, Army, Navy, Congress, dog shows, Chinese viceroys, White House.” In retrospect he considered it “rather flat work.” Ibid., box 2, folder 9, HWvL’s résumé enclosed to his 24 April 1914 letter to Professor Goodnight of the University of Wisconsin. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 21 November 1905, and Henry P. Bowditch to George L. Burr, 8 December 1905; ibid., box 66, folder 10, Hermann Hagedorn to GWvL, 26 October 1960. Notes 273

7. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 6, HWvL to Fanny Bowditch, 28 November 1905; ibid., box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 15 December 1905. 8. GWvL, Story, 39–40; HWvL asked Professor Burr to attend the wedding ceremony and “to give me such support as I will badly need.” COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 31 May 1906; Dr. Andrew D. White congratulated HWvL on both his marriage and his appointment in St. Petersburg, which he considered to be “the most interesting position” in HWvL’s profession. Ibid., box 17, folder 10, Andrew D. White to HWvL, 7 June 1906. 9. Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to her parents aboard the Potsdam, 27 June 1906; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch aboard the Potsdam, 26 June 1906. 10. On the two weeks spent in the Netherlands, see Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to her parents, 5 and 12 July 1906. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 10 April 1907; Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 29 July 1906. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 19 August 1906. 13. Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 24 August 1906. 14. Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 2 and 9 September 1906. 15. Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 9 and 16 September 1906. 16. Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 23 and 30 September, 7 and 21 October 1906. In a 14 March 1907 letter to her sister Fanny, Eliza described Dmowski as one among those few men “who stick to their country and put their energies into solving her problems [and therefore] ought to be placed higher than the Angels.” 17. Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 16 September, 7 and 14 October 1906. 18. Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 7 October 1906. 19. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 2 November 1906 and HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 4 November 1906; ibid., box 4, folder 8, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 7 January 1907. 20. COR, Papers, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 5 February 1907. 21. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 8, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 20 February 1907. 22. COR, Louis Agassiz Fuertes Papers, box 17, folder 14, HWvL to Louis A. Fuertes, March 1907. In early 1907 Eliza expressed her mixed feelings about the Polish population to her family: “The more we see of them [the Poles], the more we are struck by their prejudices, their narrowness and their absolute self-complacency.” And in another letter: “There are a few nice, sane people 274 Notes

here, as also in Russia but the average homo Poloniensis is very far from sapiens and we shall have no regrets in our manly breasts when we have to say ta-ta. If only they don’t send us back into Russia again.” Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Fanny Bowditch, 8 January 1907 and to Selma K. Bowditch, 27 January 1907. 23. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 2 November 1906; ibid., box 4, folder 8, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 25 March 1907. 24. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 9, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 2 July and August 1907. 25. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 2 September 1907; ibid., box 4, folder 8, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, undated spring 1907 letter on his desire to become a U.S. citizen; Radcliffe College, Schlesinger Library, EBvLP, EBvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 3 September 1907. 26. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 2 September 1907. 27. HWvL, Van Loon’s Geography: The Story of the World We Live In (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1932), 240, 260–261; HWvL, “Van Loon’s Diary,” The New Leader, 1 May 1943: 4.

4 Historical Training in Munich (1907–1911)

1. At the turn of the twentieth century, new American graduate schools emerged with programs more suited to the American situation. brought the end of the massive influence of German academic practice and thought, and consequently of the American student migration to Germany. See Jurgen Herbst, The German Historical School in American Scholarship. A Study in the Transfer of Culture (Ithaca, NY: , 1965), 1–22. 2. GWvL, Story, 53–55; COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 10, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 6 November 1907. 3. GWvL, Story, 56. 4. COR, HWvLP, box 54, Diary, entry 12 December 1907; ibid., box 4, folder 10, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 16 December 1907; ibid., box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, Easter Morning 1908. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 54, Diary, entries (often undated) December 1907 through June 1908, the first quotation from entry 13 January 1908; ibid., box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, Easter Morning 1908. 6. GWvL, Story, 57–58, 60–61; GAR, HAL Passenger Lists 1900–1940, departure S.S. Statendam, 28 November 1908; COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 7, HWvL to George L. Burr, 14 November 1908 and 15 December 1908; ibid., box 54, Diary, entry 16 February 1909. On HWvL’s speech for the Harvard Cosmopolitan Club, see COL, Oral History Collection, Reminiscences of H.V. Kaltenborn, Radio Unit, no. 10, vol. 1, 36–37, where Hans von Kaltenborn, who made a career as radio commentator and served as one of the founders and the second president of the Harvard Cosmopolitan Club, mixed up his memories on his Harvard years (1905–1909) and thought that Hendrik Notes 275

Willem had talked about his experiences as a reporter of World War I in 1909!; HWvL’s remarks about beer and its effects on him: COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 11, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 23 June 1908. 7. COR, HWvLP, box 54, Diary, entries 16 February, 3 and 9 March, and 1 April 1909; GWvL, Story, 61–62. 8. GWvL, Story, 63. 9. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 13, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 31 January and 24 August 1910. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 13, HWvL to Henry P. Bowditch, 24 August 1910. 11. GWvL, Story, 57, and GWvL’s correspondence on the van Loon coat of arms in COR, HWvLP, box 67, folder 20, GWvL to unidentified persons on 15 November and 17 December 1967. 12. GWvL, Story, 58–60; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947), 54. 13. GWvL, Story, 65–67. 14. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 15, HWvL to Selma K. Bowditch, 23 April 1911. 15. COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 16, HWvL to Selma K. Bowditch, 28 June 1911 and EBvL to Fanny Bowditch, 21 July 1911. 16. GWvL, Story, 69; GAR, HAL Passenger Lists 1900–1940, departure S.S. Noordam, 28 October 1911.

5 Washington Years of Trial and Error (1912–1914)

1. GWvL, Story, 70–71; COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 25, includes invitation cards sent by President and Mrs. to Mr. and Mrs. van Loon; ibid., box 54, Diary 1913–1914, entry 27 March 1913 on HWvL’s visit to Lord Bryce. 2. GWvL, Story, 71–72. 3. HWvL, The Fall of the (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1913); GWvL, Story, 72–73. On the start of van Loon’s friendship with Benjamin W. Huebsch, see COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 13, HWvL to the edi- tor of The Nation, 2 and 24 April 1913, and HWvL to Benjamin W. Huebsch, 24 April 1913; ibid., box 54, HWvL’s Diary 1913–1914, pages 14 and 16, also contain clippings of HWvL’s 2 and 24 April 1913 letters to The Nation; COL, Oral History Collection, Reminiscences of Ben W. Huebsch, vol. 3, 402–404. 4. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 7, HWvL to George L. Burr, 26 March 1913, and George L. Burr to HWvL, 5 April 1913; George L. Burr to Houghton Mifflin, 5 April 1913; HWvL’s Diary 1913–1914 (COR, HWvLP, box 54) on page 18 contains a clipping of Burr’s laudatory words in The Nation of 17 April 1913. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 54, Diary 1913–1914, entries 1, 7, 14, and 16 April 1913; ibid., box 2, folder 2, HWvL to Roger Pierce of Houghton Mifflin Company, 13 April 1913; GWvL, Story, 74. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 9 May 1913; ibid., box 2, folder 7, M.J. Brusse to HWvL, 18 June 1913, including the review in the Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant of the same date, and 276 Notes

W.G.C. Byvanck, director of the Royal Library, to HWvL, 27 June 1913; Review by N. Japikse in Bijdragen voor Vaderlandsche Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde 5. 1 (Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1913): 388–389; See also COR, HWvLP, box 54, Diary 1913–1914, entries 5 and 10 May 1913; HWvL mentions his appointment as member of the Utrecht Historical Society in his 19 January 1914 letter to George L. Burr (ibid., box 10, folder 8) and in the résumé he sent on 24 April 1914 to Professor Goodnight (ibid., box 2, folder 9). 7. “A Republic’s Fall,” New York Times, 3 August 1913; Yale Review 3.1 (October 1913): 178–180; Chicago Record, 13 January 1914. 8. GWvL, Story, 73, 75; COR, HWvLP, box 54, Diary 1913–1914, entries 18 May and 6 June 1913; ibid., box 10, folder 7, HWvL to George L. Burr, 21 May 1913; ibid., box 10, folder 6, George L. Burr to HWvL, 24 May 1913. 9. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 30 June and 24 July 1913; ibid., box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 8 August 1913; ibid., box 54, Diary 1913–1914, 10 August 1913 and undated, most likely September 1913, entry. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 7, HWvL to George L. Burr, 10 October 1913; ibid., box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 23 October 1913; ibid., box 54, Diary 1913–1914, entries 13 and 20 October 1913, and 5 December and Christmas 1913; GWvL, Story, 76. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 7, HWvL to George L. Burr, 10 October 1913; GWvL describes his father’s attitude toward his Boston relatives as an “almost paranoid resentment” and that he “was obsessed with the notion that his being kept was common knowledge.” GWvL, Story, 77–78. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 8, HWvL to George L. Burr, 19 January 1914; ibid., box 54, Diary 1913–1914, pages 44 and 47 contain the com- ments on van Loon’s lecture at (Wellesley College News, February 1914 issue and accompanying letter to HWvL of 20 February 1914), (clipping “Notable Amsterdam [sic] Journalist Lectures Interestingly at Yale”), and at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (editorial “Making History Live” in the Boston Transcript of 11 February 1914). 13. COR, HWvLP, box 54, Diary 1913–1914, HWvL’s circular on page 53 and entries 24 March and 16 April 1914. 14. COR, HWvLP, box 2, folder 9, HWvL to Bayard Q. Morgan, 27 April 1914, HWvL to Professor Goodnight, 24 April 1914, and “To whom it may con- cern,” a letter of recommendation on HWvL by the University of Wisconsin, 31 July 1914. 15. COR, HWvLP, box 66, folder 18, Bayard Q. Morgan’s reminiscences on HWvL in his letters of 10 May 1945 (“To whom it may concern”) and of 4 June 1957 to GWvL. 16. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 27, Consul of the Netherlands to HWvL, 18 August 1914; ibid., box 10, folder 8, HWvL to George L. Burr, 22 August 1914. 17. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 14, Douglas Z. Doty to HWvL, 24 August 1914; GWvL, Story, 79–80; GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1395, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1914, departure S.S. Nieuw Amsterdam, 25 August 1914. Notes 277 6 The Great War (1914–1918)

1. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL cable to the Associated Press, undated, probably early September 1914; GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1393, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1914, arrival S.S. Nieuw Amsterdam, 8 September 1914; GWvL, Story, 81. 2. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Katy Codman, 30 September 1914; NYPL, The Century Collection, HWvL to Douglas Z. Doty, 30 September 1914. 3. “Vóór Antwerpen. Hoe gruwelijk de oorlog is,” Algemeen Handelsblad, 7 October 1914. 4. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 8, HWvL to George L. Burr, 13 November 1914. 5. NYPL, The Century Collection, HWvL to Douglas Z. Doty, 5 December 1914. Emphasis in original. 6. Algemeen Handelsblad editorial, 16 November 1914; The Washington correspondent’s comments in the Times, 19 November 1914; HWvL’s 23 November 1914 letter in The Nation 100 (21 January 1915): 77–78; Lord Northcliffe was the proprietor of the Times. 7. HWvL, “Why Holland is Neutral,” New York Times, 27 February 1915. 8. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Katy B. Codman, 27 February and 2 March 1915, and Andrew D. White to HWvL, 4 March 1915. Emphasis in original. 9. HWvL, “Analogy Between Wars and Earthquakes,” New York Times, 6 April 1915. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Katy B. Codman, 27 February 1915; ibid., box 10, folder 8, HWvL to George L. Burr, 8 March 1915. 11. HWvL, The Rise of the Dutch Kingdom (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1915); COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 18 April 1915; “Rise of the Dutch Kingdom,” New York Times Book Review, 11 July 1915. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 8, HWvL to George L. Burr, 19, 25, and 27 May 1915; ibid., box 2, folder 8, Letter of recommendation by Jacob G. Schurman, 31 May 1915 (also in COR, Jacob Gould Schurman Papers, Letterbooks, “To whom it may concern,” 31 May 1915); ibid., box 17, folder 12, U.S. Secretary of State William J. Bryan “To the Diplomatic and Consular Officers of the United States of America in Europe,” 28 May 1915; HWvL’s appointment as lecturer at Cornell University was mentioned in , 26 May 1915. HWvL, “Anarchy of Might in the Open Sea,” New York Times, 29 May 1915; GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1395, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1915, departure S.S. Rotterdam, 1 June 1915. 13. HWvL, “ ‘Planmaessig’ and ‘Ausgeschlossen.’ The March on Paris, the March on Warsaw, and the March on London,” The Century Magazine 90 (June 1915): 219–224; HWvL, “No. 45,637 Missing,” The Century Magazine 90 (August 1915): 529–542; Introduction by HWvL (361–362) in T. Lothrop Stoddard, “Imperiled Holland,” The Century Magazine 90 (July 1915): 361–368. 278 Notes

14. HWvL, “Jealous Dutch Neutrality,” New York Times, 30 July 1915; HWvL, “What Happens to Small Neutrals,” The New Republic 5 (22 January 1916): 306–307; HWvL, “Holland’s War Policy,” Yale Review 7.4 ( July 1918): 748–759; Other HWvL articles on neutrality include “Searching Neutral Ships,” New York Times, 18 December 1915; “The Citizen Army of Holland,” The National Geographic Magazine 29 no. 6 ( June 1916): 609–622; “The Neutrals and the Allied Cause,” The Century Magazine 94 (August 1917): 610–620. 15. HWvL, “The World After the War,” The Century Magazine 91 (February 1916): 514–521; Barbara W. Tuchman, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890–1914 (New York: Macmillan, 1966), xiii. 16. Randall J. LeBoeuf, Jr. in Cornell Alumni News 73 ( January 1971): 18. 17. Morris Bishop, A History of Cornell (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1962), 395; Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-II,” The New Yorker, 27 March 1943: 27; David Karsner, Sixteen Authors to One. Intimate Sketches of Leading American Story Tellers (1928; Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1968), 209; COR, Jacob Gould Schurman Papers, Letterbooks, Jacob G. Schurman to HWvL, 2 May 1916; ibid., Benjamin F. Levy Papers, HWvL to Benjamin F. Levy, 15 November 1915; HWvL’s letters and arti- cles in the New York Times of 5 January, 4 February, 10, 17, and 29 March, 16, 23, 26, and 30 May, 29 June, 12 July, 19 and 29 September, 1, 2, and 8 October 1916. 18. COR, Andrew Dickson White Papers, Andrew D. White to , 22 May 1916 and Robert Lansing to Andrew D. White, 2 June 1916 with enclosure Robert Lansing to HWvL, 1 June 1916; COR, Jacob Gould Schurman Papers, Letterbooks, Jacob G. Schurman “To whom it may concern,” 6 June 1916. 19. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 3 July 1916. 20. HWvL, “Saw Zeppelins from Liner,” New York Times, 19 September 1916; HWvL, “Difficulties Beset Travel in Wartime,” New York Times, 1 October 1916; HWvL, “Ships Face Perils to Reach Kirkwall,” New York Times, 2 October 1916. 21. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 10, George L. Burr to Andrew D. White, 24 December 1916. 22. Morris Bishop, A History of Cornell (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1962), 396; COR, Jacob Gould Schurman Papers, Letterbooks, Jacob G. Schurman to HWvL, 4 June 1917. 23. HWvL, The Golden Book of the Dutch Navigators (New York: The Century Co., 1916), vii–xi; HWvL’s 23 January 1917 talk in Addresses Made at the Annual Meetings of The Netherlands Society of Philadelphia, Bellevue-Stratford Hotel 1913 to 1930, n.p., n.d., 160–168. 24. HWvL, A Short History of Discovery (Philadelphia: David McKay, 1917), 3. 25. GWvL, Story, 86–87, 69–70, 91–93; Some of Coba de Bergh’s letters to HWvL, for instance of 3 and 18 June 1917, are in COR, HWvLP, box 4, folder 22. Notes 279

26. William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914–1932, second ed. (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993), 23–26, 42–46; In September 1917 the Washington Post came out with the headline “Holland Government Gives Increasing Aid to Teutons,” and the New York Sun depicted the Dutch court as “strongly pro-German.” Quoted in Marc Frey, “Trade, Ships, and the Neutrality of the Netherlands in the First World War,” The International History Review 19.3 (August 1997): 554. 27. GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1399, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1917, departure S.S. Noordam, 11 July 1917; LC, Papers, series 1, reel 240, HWvL to Theodore Roosevelt, 12 July 1917. 28. LC, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, series 1, reel 240, HWvL to Theodore Roosevelt, 12 July 1917; Randolph Bourne’s essay “The War and the Intellectuals” in Carl Resek, ed., War and the Intellectuals: Essays by Randolph S. Bourne, 1915–1919 (New York, Evanston, and London: Harper and Row, 1964), 3–14, originally published in The Seven Arts 2 ( June 1917): 133–146. 29. HWvL, “Friday, June 22, 1917,” The Seven Arts 2 (August 1917): 425–427. 30. HWvL, “Liner Noordam Hits Mine Off Holland But Stays Afloat; No Casualties Aboard,” New York Times, 5 August 1917; GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1399, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1917, arrival S.S. Noordam, 8 August 1917; COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 10, HWvL to Andrew D. White, 17 August 1917; GWvL, Story, 95. 31. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Katy B. Codman, 27 June 1917; NA, Archief J. Loudon, 1866–1955, inv. nr. 8, HWvL to J. Loudon, 17 October 1917, HWvL to W.J. Doude van Troostwijk, 15, 18, 19, and 20 December 1917 (including HWvL’s memoranda to Kühlmann’s spokesman in The Hague, Eduard von der Heydt, and to John W. Garrett). 32. GWvL, Story, 95–96.

7 Life in the Village (1918–1920)

1. Corinne Lowe, “The Village in a City,” Ladies’ Home Journal 37 (March 1920): 28; Malcolm Cowley, Exile’s Return: A Narrative of Ideas (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1934), 69–71, 57; On Cowley’s life in the Village, see Hans Bak, Malcolm Cowley: The Formative Years (Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1993), chapters 5 and 7; Ross Wetzsteon, Republic of Dreams. Greenwich Village: The American Bohemia, 1910–1960 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002), ix, xi. 2. Caroline F. Ware, Greenwich Village, 1920–1930: A Comment on American Civilization in the Post-war Years (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1994), 3; Lowe, “The Village in a City,” 29; Under the heading “Important events in 1920” in the January 1921 issue of her in-house journal “Mad Hatter Mutterings,” the owner of The Mad Hatter noted that the “Pictures of the shop in the Ladies’ Home Journal [of March 1920] brought many of the subscribers to see us.” COR, HWvLP, box 63, folder 19; Wetzsteon, Republic of Dreams, 14. 280 Notes

3. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Katy B. Codman, 11 March 1918; ibid., box 5, folder 1, HWvL to Katy B. Codman, 7 May 1918; GWvL, Story, 97–98. 4. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 1, HWvL to EBvL, 29 May 1918. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 1, HWvL to Katy B. Codman, 7 May 1918; Creel committee work is documented by ibid., HWvL to EBvL, 4 June 1918 (a letter on stationery of the Committee on Public Information), and FBI, HWvL Files, Chicago File no. 100–2477, 28 February 1945, 13. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 9, HWvL to George L. Burr, 14 and 27 August 1918, and 26 November 1918; HWvL, R.v.R.: The Life and Times of van Rijn (New York: Horace Liveright, 1930). 7. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 2, HWvL to EBvL, 6 and 16 September 1918; GWvL, Story, 100. 8. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 2, HWvL to Charles H. Blood, 4 November 1918. 9. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 2, HWvL to Charles H. Blood, 6 November 1918. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 66, folder 10, Hermann Hagedorn to GWvL, 26 October 1960. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 1, HWvL to EBvL, 27 June 1918; Shaun O’Connell, Remarkable, Unspeakable New York: A Literary History (Boston: Beacon Press, 1995), 138; GWvL, Story, 101, 104. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 3, HWvL to EBvL, 15 January 1919. 13. Thomas A. Bailey, The Policy of the United States towards the Neutrals, 1917–1918 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1942; reprint New York: Arno Press, 1979), 237; Joh. de Vries, ed., Herinneringen en dagboek van Ernst Heldring (1871–1954) (Utrecht: Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, 1970), 228, 235, 237, 238; C. Smit, Tien studiën betreffende Nederland in de Eerste Wereldoorlog (Groningen: H.D. Tjeenk Willink, 1975), 113–117. 14. NA, Archief Nederlandse Overzee Trustmaatschappij 1914–1919, inv. nr. 46, HWvL to J.T. Cremer, 28 and 29 June 1918, enclosures B and C to Report meeting of 12 September 1918. 15. NA, Archief Nederlandse Overzee Trustmaatschappij 1914–1919, inv. nr. 46, Report meeting of 12 September 1918; de Vries, Herinneringen, 249; Smit, Tien studiën, 121–122. 16. Walter H. Salzmann, “Bedrijfsleven, overheid en handelsbevordering. The Netherlands Chamber of Commerce in the United States, Inc. 1903–1987” (Ph.D. diss., University of Leiden, 1994), 65–69, 76, 81–83; NA, Archief Gezantschap in de Verenigde Staten van Amerika, 1814–1940, inv. nr. 476, HWvL to W.H. de Beaufort, 27 August 1919; NA, Archief J. Loudon, 1866–1955, inv. nr. 8, HWvL to J. Loudon, 9 February 1920. 17. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 3, HWvL to Katy B. Codman, 5 June 1919; HWvL, “A New Historical Division,” The Nation 106 (May 25, 1918): 616–617; HWvL, “Napoleon as Propagandist,” The Nation 108 (April 5, 1919): 501; HWvL, “Primitive Reconstruction,” The Dial 65.780 (December 28, 1918): 602–603; HWvL, “American History Anglicized,” Notes 281

The Dial 67.799 (September 20, 1919): 247–248; HWvL, “Holland,” The Bookman 48 (December 1918): 441–445; HWvL, “Peaceful Annexation,” The Century Magazine 98 (September 1919): 618–620; HWvL, “Shop-Talk Jimmy,” Everybody’s Magazine 40 (February 1919): 48–49, 78–81; HWvL, “The Road of Glory, A Short History of the House of Hohenzollern,” New York Tribune, 1, 8, and 15 December 1918. 18. Walker Gilmer, Horace Liveright: Publisher of the Twenties (New York: David Lewis, 1970), vii–ix, 20, 23, 24, 32; In 1939 van Loon urged a friend not “to waste [her] time” on reading the work of William Faulkner: “that stuff is so utterly filthy that I who have a magnificent Flemish peasant mind and who can be dirty with the pigs, won’t let one of his books into the house. For God’s sake, if we want dirt let us have honest dirt and none of that degenerate rot- ten filthy stuff about degenerate rotten backwoods of Mizzoore. Why read it?!” COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 3–5, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 13 February 1939; ibid., Louis Agassiz Fuertes Papers, box 17, folder 14, HWvL to Louis A. Fuertes, 1 June 1919. 19. William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914–1932, second ed. (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993), 66, 81, 83; COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 9, HWvL to George L. Burr, 9 June 1919. 20. HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942), 263–264. 21. COR, HWvLP, box 63, folder 32, Transcript CBS broadcast, 1 March 1947. Radio interview with Jimmie van Loon on the occasion of HWvL’s posthu- mously published Report to Saint Peter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947); ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries June 1919. 22. GWvL, Story, 107–110; Lewis Mumford, Sketches from Life: The Autobiography of Lewis Mumford. The Early Years (Boston: Beacon Press, 1982), 297. 23. COR, HWvLP, box 63, folder 8–28, “Mad Hatter Mutterings,” April 1920- (probably) October 1921. 24. GWvL, Story, 106, 111. 25. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 11, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, 13 September 1919; See also ibid., box 10, folder 12, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, 23 and 25 October 1919. 26. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 4, HWvL to Hansel and Willem van Loon, 27 October 1919; ibid., box 10, folder 12, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, 30 October 1919; ibid., box 10, folder 13, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, 1 November 1919. 27. NA, Archief Gezantschap in de Verenigde Staten van Amerika, 1814–1940, inv. nr. 852, Chargé d’affaires ad interim in Washington to Netherlands Minister of Foreign Affairs van Karnebeek, 17 August 1920 (classified), with enclosures A. van C.P. Huizinga to J.T. Cremer and to M. de Hartogh, 16 February 1920; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 22 and 27 September 1920, 4 November 1920, and 6 . 28. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 13, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, 7 November 1919; ibid., box 10, folder 15, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, 26 November 1919. 29. GWvL, Story, 114–115, 106–107. 282 Notes

30. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 11, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, 13 September 1919; ibid., box 10, folder 15, HWvL to Jimmie Criswell, undated December 1919 and 5 January 1920; ibid., box 63, folder 32, Transcript CBS broadcast, 1 March 1947. Emphasis in original. 31. GWvL, Story, 115; HU, b MS Am 1803 (1797), folder 1, HWvL to George Sarton, 8 February 1920; NA, Archief J. Loudon, 1866–1955, inv. nr. 8, HWvL to John Loudon, 9 February 1920. 32. HWvL, Ancient Man: The Beginning of Civilizations (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1920), 7–8; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 15 November 1920 mentions that HWvL “brought in first copies of his new book”; GWvL, Story, 122. 33. GWvL, Story, 115–117. 34. COR, HWvLP, box 63, folder 32, Transcript CBS broadcast, 1 March 1947. 35. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 9, HWvL to George L. Burr, 3 September 1920.

8 The Breakthrough (1921–1922)

1. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries January and March 1921; Sinclair Lewis, Main Street and Babbitt (New York: The Library of America, 1992), 857; Mark Schorer, Sinclair Lewis: An American Life (New York, Toronto, London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1961), 261, 274, 299. 2. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 7, HWvL to his sons, 17 March 1921 and to Hansel, 23 March and 3 May 1921; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 21 March and 3 May 1921; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to EBvL, 5 March 1921 and to George L. Burr, 15 May 1921. 3. H.G. Wells, The Outline of History, 2 vols. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920); HWvL, “A Builder of History,” The Dial 70.2 (February 1921): 202–203; COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 6, HWvL to Hansel, undated Sunday 1920; ibid., box 5, folder 7, HWvL to Hansel, 23 March 1921; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 31 May, 25 June, and 16 July 1921. 4. P. van der Veen, Collectie HWvL, HWvL to unidentified Dutch friends, 8 July 1921; COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 8, HWvL to EBvL, 6 August 1921; HU, b MS Am 1925 (1829), folder 1, HWvL to Ferris Greenslet, 13 and 23 July 1921; HWvL, The Story of Mankind (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1921), ix–xii. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 63, folder 24 and 27 with “Mad Hatter Mutterings” issues of July and (probably) August 1921; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 15 and 16 August 1921. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 8, HWvL to EBvL, 6 August 1921; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, 14 August 1921; ibid., box 67, folder 18, Anthony Veiller to GWvL, 21 May 1962. 7. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to EBvL, 5 September 1921; ibid., box 5, folder 8, HWvL to his sons, 12 September 1921; ibid., box 63, folder 28, undated (probably October 1921) issue of “Mad Hatter Mutterings”; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 6, 7, 8, 10, and 26 September 1921. Notes 283

8. COR, HWvLP, box 67, folder 18, Anthony Veiller to GWvL, 21 May 1962. 9. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 2, HWvL to George L. Burr, 4 October 1921; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 19 October 1921; ibid., box 5, folder 8, HWvL to EBvL, 3 December 1921; ibid., box 10, folder 1, HWvL to Morris Bishop, 30 November 1921. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 2, HWvL to George L. Burr, 4 October 1921. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to EBvL, 5 March 1921, EBvL to HWvL, 7 March 1921; ibid., box 5, folder 7, Eliot N. Jones to EBvL, 7 February and to Charles H. Blood, 21 February 1921, Charles H. Blood to Eliot N. Jones, 21 April 1921, and Henry B. (Hansje) vL to HWvL, undated March 1921 letter; ibid., box 5, folder 8, Eliot N. Jones to EBvL, 2 and 16 June 1921, HWvL to Eliot N. Jones, 29 June 1921, and HWvL to EBvL, 3 December 1921; GWvL, Story, 120, 125. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 21 and 22 November 1921; ibid., box 67, folder 18, Anthony Veiller to GWvL, 21 May 1962; ibid., box 5, folder 8, HWvL to EBvL, 3 December 1921. 13. Carl Becker, “Vivid History for Children,” The Literary Review, 12 November 1921: 165; Samuel Abbott, “A Pictorial History of Man,” New York Tribune, 4 December 1921; “Truth Told Like a Fairy Tale,” New York Herald, 18 December 1921; F.P.H., “An Open Door to a Knowledge of World Events,” Boston Transcript, 28 December 1921; “An Original History That Is Making a Great Hit,” Boston Herald, 24 December 1921; M.G.B., column “Literary Review,” Cornell Alumni News 24.13 (December 22, 1921): 153; Austin Hay, “Another Outline of History,” New York Times Book Review and Magazine, 8 January 1922; Anne Carroll Moore, “Holiday Books for Children,” The Bookman 54 (January 1922): 468. 14. J. Salwyn Schapiro, “History Wise and Witty,” The Nation 113 (28 December 1921): 759–760; Schapiro was much less enthusiastic about Wells’s Outline of History, which he had reviewed earlier that year. J. Salwyn Schapiro, “Mr. Wells Discovers the Past,” The Nation 112 (9 February 1921): 224–231. 15. Charles A. Beard, “The Story of Mankind,” The New Republic 29 (21 December 1921): 105; Lewis Mumford, “The Proud Pageantry of Man,” The Freeman 4 (18 January 1922): 449–450. 16. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 1, HWvL to Morris Bishop, 21 December 1921; UP, Lewis Mumford Collection, folder 5107, Letters 1921–1945, HWvL to Lewis Mumford, 21 January 1922. 17. UP, Lewis Mumford Collection, folder 5107, Letters 1921–1945, HWvL to Lewis Mumford, 21 January 1922; COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 9, HWvL to GWvL, 22 January 1922; H.L. Mencken, My Life as Author and Editor, edited and with an introduction by Jonathan Yardley (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993), 399; HWvL’s article on Cornell was published as “The Higher Learning in America,” 68 (May 1922): 61–67. 18. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 2, HWvL to Louis A. Fuertes, 28 January 1922; Harry Hansen’s column “A Page about Books and the People Who Write Them,” Chicago Daily News, 1 February 1922. 284 Notes

19. John Tebbel, A History of Book Publishing in the United States, 4 vols. (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1972–1981), 3: 34; GWvL, Story, 128–129; Walker Gilmer, Horace Liveright: Publisher of the Twenties (New York: David Lewis, 1970), 32, 33, 202; HWvL quotation about the misperception of his fame in The Survey 48.13 (1 August 1922): 543. 20. COR, HWvLP, box 67, folder 18, Anthony Veiller to GWvL, 21 May 1962. 21. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 1, HWvL to Morris Bishop, 21 December 1921; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 8 March and 11 May 1922; GWvL, Story, 131–132. 22. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 10, Jimmie van Loon to EBvL, undated but most likely mid-May 1922 letter; GWvL, Story, 132. 23. For the correspondence on HWvL’s expected payments to Eliza and his refusal to do so, see COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 9–12, letters dated 3 March, 13 April, and 16 December 1922, 2 and 3 February, 24 July and 9 September 1923, 2 and 20 May 1924; GWvL, Story, 137–138. 24. “Dr. Van Loon Gets Medal, For Best Contribution to Literature for Children in 1921,” New York Times, 28 June 1922; “Medal Puts Dr. Van Loon On Top Of Another Tower,” Evening Sun, 28 June 1922; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 27 June 1922. 25. The preceding section on the outlines is based on: Joan Shelley Rubin, The Making of Middlebrow Culture (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992), xi–xx, 209–211, 219; James Steel Smith, “The Day of the Popularizers: The 1920s,” The South Atlantic Quarterly 62 (Spring 1963): 297–309; Warren I. Susman, Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), 106–108, 112. For a contemporary discussion of the outline vogue and an assessment of its significance, see John Erskine, “Outlines,” The Bookman 61 (March 1925): 29–32. 26. Will Durant, “In Defense of Outlines: Apologia pro Libro Suo,” The Forum 83 (January 1930): 10; Durant used the term “merchants of light” for the first time in his Columbia University Ph.D. thesis Philosophy and the Social Problem (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1917), 237; On Will Durant, see for instance Rubin, The Making of Middlebrow Culture, 219–265, Raymond Frey, William James Durant: An Intellectual Biography (Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991), and Will and Durant, A Dual Autobiography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1977). 27. HWvL, How I Came to Publish with Essandess. Published for the New York Times National Book Fair (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936), 8; The outlines serving as elevators: Erskine, “Outlines,” 31.

9 The Prince of Popularizers (1922–1928)

1. Fred Hobson, Mencken: A Life (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), xi, xiii, 218, 251, 547–548; , “H.L. Mencken,” in Malcolm Cowley, ed., After the Genteel Tradition: American Notes 285

Writers 1910–1930 (1936; Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1964), 83, 85, 86. 2. NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 17 and 26 October 1920; COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 2, HWvL to Gwethalyn Graham, 16 July 1923; H.L. Mencken, My Life as Author and Editor, edited and with an Introduction by Jonathan Yardley (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993), 400. 3. Hobson, Mencken, xiv, 226–231; Mencken, My Life as Author and Editor, viii, 398–400. 4. HWvL’s criticism on Henry Ford in his “H.v.L.” Sun column, 30 June 1922; A few years later van Loon in a letter to the editor of The Nation wrote that Henry Ford was “a man with limited powers of observation and meditation.” The Nation 125 (23 November 1927): 571. 5. “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 18 May and 18 July 1922. 6. “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 29 June and 5 July 1922. 7. “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 10, 11, 13, and 15 November 1922 on the situation in Germany. 8. ZA, Collectie familie Moussault, Correspondentie HWvL–Aagje Moussault- Wegerif 1922–1925, HWvL to A. Moussault, 10 December 1922; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, Suus van der Hilst to EBvL, 10 January 1923; GAR, HAL Passenger Lists 1900–1940, departure S.S. Volendam, 4 November 1922; GWvL, Story, 131, 134. 9. “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 20 October 1922 and 27 January 1923. 10. The Baltimore Sun and the New York Times, 21 November 1922; “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 27 February and 17 April 1923. 11. On the Algonquin Hotel and the Round Table, see Robert E. Drennan, ed., The Algonquin Wits (New York: Carol Publishing Group Edition, 1995), Marion Meade, Dorothy Parker: What Fresh Hell Is This? (New York: , 1989), xv–xix, 67–92, and Frank Case’s memoirs Tales of a Wayward Inn (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1938) and Do not Disturb (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1940); Grace Hegger Lewis, With Love From Gracie. Sinclair Lewis: 1912–1925 (New York: , Brace and Company, 1955), 139; Van Loon’s observations on the Algonquin Hotel in his “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 10 August 1922 and 30 March 1923, and in Frank Case, Tales of a Wayward Inn, 378–379, 381. 12. “H.v.L.” Sun column, 4 December 1922; For the reviews of The Story of Mankind in British periodicals, see COR, HWvLP, box 12, folder 15, enclo- sure to HWvL’s letter of 21 August 1925 to F. Goodrich; For an example of a positive review, see The Bookman (London) 63 (October 1922): 31–32. 13. “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 26 July 1922, 26 March and 5 February 1923. 14. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947), 90, see also 86–87; GWvL, Story, 133; “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 26 March, 4 and 5 April 1923. The New York Times of 28 March 1937 recorded a fight of the Baptist Rev. Verdi Allen in Indiana against the evolution theories of van Loon and the State school officials for allowing The Story of Mankind to be on the approved list of textbooks. 286 Notes

15. On the Scopes trial, see William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914–1932, second ed. (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993), 217–224 and Hobson, Mencken, 256–261. 16. “H.v.L.” Sun column, 23 April 1923. 17. Enoch Pratt Free Library, H.L. Mencken Collection, H.L. Mencken, “Thirty- five Years of Newspaper Work,” 334 and ibid., H.L. Mencken, “My Life as Author and Editor,” 997; GWvL, Story, 136. 18. GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1421, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1923, departure S.S. Nieuw Amsterdam, 28 April 1923; “H.v.L.” Sun column, 12 February 1923; GWvL, Story, 134, 138–139; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 8 June 1923. 19. On the rise and decline of Veere and its reputation as a “dead town,” see Peter Blom, “Demografie van een dode stad. Bronnen voor het onderzoek naar de bevolkingsontwikkeling van de stad Veere vanaf 1470,” Nehalennia 96 (1993): 2–10, and Bertus Aafjes, De wereld is een wonder (Amsterdam: J.M. Meulenhoff, 1959), chapter “Kroniek van een dood stadje.” 20. GWvL, Story, 141–143. 21. NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 27 July 1923; GAR, HAL Passenger Lists 1900–1940, departure S.S. Nieuw Amsterdam, 12 December 1923; On the van Loons’ trip to Europe in the sec- ond half of 1923, see COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries June through December 1923, and GWvL, Story, 139–144. 22. HWvL, The Story of the Bible (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1923), ix–x, 277; The foreword of the book and the first two chapters had already been published in McCall’s Magazine of December 1922, 8–10, 56. 23. “Books and Authors,” New York Times, 2 April 1922. 24. Thomas L. Masson, “Van Loon Discovers The Bible,” New York Times Book Review, 28 October 1923. 25. The Literary Review, 17 November 1923: 254; Time, 5 November 1923: 19; See also The Literary Digest 79 (15 December 1923): 31–32; American Hebrew, 8 February 1924. 26. Free Press, 3 February 1924; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 3 February 1924; HU, b MS Am 1925 (1829), folder 1, HWvL to Ferris Greenslet of Houghton Mifflin Company, 22 February 1924. 27. New York Times, 25 December 1923; HWvL, “The Author’s Story of ‘The Story of the Bible,’ ” New York Times, 13 January 1924. 28. For reviews of The Story of the Bible, see Book Review Digest 1923: 529–530; GWvL, Story, 145; HWvL, The Story of the Bible (New York: Bell Publishing Company, 1985). 29. Reviews in Middelburgsche Courant, 21 November 1923; Voorwaarts, 5 December 1923; Het Vaderland, 18 November 1923; Het Centrum, 29 January 1924. 30. J. Huizinga, “Aanleeren of afleeren?” De Gids 88.4 (April 1924): 130–137, reprinted in J. Huizinga, Verzamelde Werken, 9 vols. (Haarlem: H.D. Tjeenk Willink en Zoon, 1948–1953), 7: 237–243. Notes 287

31. C.E.H., “De Bijbelsche geschiedenis...in ‘t Amerikaansch,” Algemeen Handelsblad, 12 July 1924; Francis J. Wahlen, “Hendrik van Loon and His Dutch Critics,” The Catholic World 121 (July 1925): 499–502. 32. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 3, HWvL to Esther Bell-Robinson, 25 December 1924, and to George L. Burr, 24 November 1924; ZA, Collectie familie Moussault, Correspondentie HWvL-Aagje Moussault- Wegerif 1922–1925, HWvL to Aagje Moussault, 18 April 1924, 27 January 1925 and undated, probably February 1925 letter; ibid., HWvL to Theo Moussault, 5 May 1924. 33. HWvL’s “American Letters” appeared in De Amsterdammer of 28 October and 4 November 1922; 6 and 20 January, 3, 10, and 24 March, 21 April, 14, 21, and 28 July, 4, 11, and 18 August, 1, 22, and 29 September, 13 October 1923; 9 and 16 February, 1 and 15 March, 12 and 19 April, 3 and 24 May, 14 June, 12 and 26 July, 13 September 1924. 34. GWvL, Story, 149–151; COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 3, HWvL to Lewis Mumford, 7 July 1924; ibid., box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 22 August 1929; , An Autobiography (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1965), 379. 35. Brooks, An Autobiography, 379–380, 390; Raymond Nelson, Van Wyck Brooks: A Writer’s Life (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1981), 157; Lewis Mumford, Sketches from Life. The Autobiography of Lewis Mumford: The Early Years (Boston: Beacon Press, 1982), on Van Wyck Brooks: 357–364, on van Loon: 362, 367. 36. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 3, HWvL to George L. Burr, 1 February 1924; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 3 February 1924; P. van der Veen, Collectie HWvL, HWvL to anonymous Dutch friend, probably Aagje Moussault, 19 February 1924. 37. HWvL published his reports on both national conventions in: The Westport Standard, 12 June 1924; The Nation of 25 June 1924: 727–728, 2 July 1924: 7–8, 9 July 1924: 37–38, 16 July 1924: 66–67; and in De Amsterdammer of 14 June, 12 and 26 July 1924; HWvL, “Why Denver Knifed Ben Lindsey,” in Plain Talk 1.2 (November 1927): 66. 38. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries August and September 1924; ibid., box 18, folder 3, HWvL to George L. Burr, 9 October 1924 and 24 November 1924, and HWvL to Louis A. Fuertes, 14 and 27 December 1924; HU, b MS Am 1925 (1829), folder 2, HWvL to (probably Ferris Greenslet of) Houghton Mifflin, 12 November 1924. 39. HWvL, The Story of Wilbur the Hat (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1925); Boni and Liveright ad of the book in Cornell, HWvL Papers, box 14, folder 17, enclosure to letter HWvL to Henri Mayer, 23 March 1925; HWvL “ad” in COL, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Special Manuscript Collection Keppel, HWvL to Frederick Paul Keppel, 17 March 1925; Saturday Review of Literature 1 (4 July 1925): 881; New York Times Book Review, 29 March 1925; The Nation 120 (22 April 1925): 469; HWvL articles: “Heroes All,” The Forum 73 (January 1925): 102–106; “A Chapter From My Autobiography,” Hearst’s International and Cosmopolitan 78.3 (March 1925): 66–67, 202; 288 Notes

“Our Nordic Myth-Makers,” The Nation 120 (1 April 1925): 349–350; “Sense or Censorship,” The Woman Citizen 9 (4 April 1925): 9–10; “My Private Opinion of School-Teachers,” Hearst’s International and Cosmopolitan 78.6 (June 1925): 108–109, 182; “The Promised Land: Promised to Whom?” Harper’s Magazine 151 (November 1925): 680–683. 40. GWvL, Story, 152–155; Biographical data on Frances Goodrich in COR, HWvLP, box 66, folder 11; HWvL’s love letters to Frances Goodrich from July through December 1925 in ibid., box 12, folder 10–25, above quotations in HWvL’s letters of 1, 12, and 18 August 1925. 41. GWvL, Story, 155–157; GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1427, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1925, departure S.S. Volendam, 29 August 1925; COR, HWvLP, box 12, folder 22, HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 20 September 1925. 42. GWvL, Story, 156, 158–159; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries September through December 1925 and entry 1 January 1926; ibid., box 12, folder 25, Frances Goodrich to HWvL, 1 December 1925. 43. HWvL, Tolerance (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1925); Charles Willis Thompson, “Van Loon Opens His Arms To the World’s Heretics,” New York Times Book Review, 18 October 1925; New York World, 15 November 1925; The Outlook 142 (6 January 1926): 34; New York Herald Tribune, 20 December 1925; Other reviews in The Nation 122 (10 February 1926): 158–159; The New Republic 44 (11 November 1925): 309; Saturday Review of Literature 2 (14 November 1925): 293; The Bookman 62 (November 1925): 342; The Literary Review, 26 December 1925: 3. 44. COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 17, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 9 November 1925; ibid., box 18, folder 4, HWvL to George L. Burr, 29 January 1926; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 19 January 1926; LC, Gertrude Battles Lane Papers, file 5, HWvL to Gertrude B. Lane, 22 February 1926. 45. Harold E. Stearns, ed., Civilization in the United States: An Inquiry by Thirty Americans (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1922). Chapter “History” by HWvL, 297–308, quotation, 308; HWvL on his mission as a historian: “H.v.L.” Sun column, 4 January 1923; COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 4, HWvL to Albert V. Sielke, 4 May 1926. 46. HWvL quoted in New York Times article of 25 July 1926; HWvL, Tolerance, 210; Franklin Everard Jordan, “Hendrik Willem van Loon: Disciple of Erasmus,” Boston Evening Transcript, 18 February 1928; The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, With a Short Life of the Author by Hendrik Willem van Loon of Rotterdam Who Also Illustrated the Book. Published for the Classics Club (Roslyn, New York: Walter J. Black, 1942), 8. 47. Search-Light [Waldo Frank], “Poor Little Rich Boy,” The New Yorker, 19 June 1926: 19–20. 48. GWvL, Story, 160–162; COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 9, HWvL to Jimmie, 3 July 1933. 49. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries September through December 1926 and entries 1 and 5 January 1927; GWvL, Story, 162–163. Notes 289

50. COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 3, HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 4 March 1927; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries January–April 1927; GWvL, Story, 163. 51. HU, b MS Am 1323 (3964), HWvL to Oswald Garrison Villard, 27 May 1927; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 12 May and 11 and 19 June 1927; ibid., box 10, folder 18, HWvL to Jimmie, 9 June 1927, and ibid., folder 19, undated July 1927 letter. 52. COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 4, HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 30 June 1927; ibid., box 10, folder 19, HWvL to Jimmie, 12 August 1927; GWvL, Story, 164–165. 53. HWvL, America (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1927); Allen Sinclair Will, “History as Mr. Van Loon Writes It,” New York Times Book Review, 2 October 1927; Thomas J. Wertenbaker, “Critical Surveys,” Yale Review 17 (January 1928): 410–413; William MacDonald, “America,” The Nation 125 (12 October 1927): 388–390. 54. GWvL, Story, 165–166; COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 7, Frances Goodrich to HWvL, 15 November 1927 and HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 16 November 1927; New York Times articles on the van Loon–Goodrich marriage arrange- ment and the burglary in Frances Goodrich’s apartment: 3, 4, 7, 26 November and 1, 3, 6, and 21 December 1927. 55. COR, HWvLP, box 66, folder 11, HWvL to Charles Recht, 18 January 1929; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 6 February 1928; GWvL, Story, 167. 56. COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 11, HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 23 April 1928. 57. Charles A. Beard, ed., Whither Mankind: A Panorama of Modern Civilization (New York-London-Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co., 1928). Chapter HWvL, “Ancient and Medieval Civilizations,” 42–62. 58. Warren I. Susman, Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), 113–115; Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, The Rise of American Civilization, 2 vols. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1927); HWvL, “Introduction,” in Maurice Maeterlinck, Dhan Gopal Mukerji and others, What is Civilization? (New York: Duffield and Company, 1926), 8, 10; HWvL, Man the Miracle Maker (New York: Horace Liveright, 1928), 138. 59. On the Book-of-the-Month Club, see Joan Shelley Rubin, The Making of Middlebrow Culture (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992), chapter 3 and Janice A. Radway, A Feeling for Books: The Book-of-the-Month Club, Literary Taste, and Middle-Class Desire (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997); On the Literary Guild of America’s objectives and editorial board members, see the first issue of its monthly publication Wings (undated, probably January 1927); HWvL on the Literary Guild in The Guild Annual (New York: The Literary Guild of America, 1928), 116–117. 60. Jordan, “Hendrik Willem van Loon: Disciple of Erasmus,” Boston Evening Transcript, 18 February 1928; HU, b MS Am 1323 (3964), Oswald Garrison Villard to HWvL, 26 May 1927; Beard and Beard, The Rise of American Civilization, 2: 729. 290 Notes

61. David Karsner, Sixteen Authors to One. Intimate Sketches of Leading American Story Tellers (1928; Freeport, New York: Books for Library Press, 1968), 202–203, 216. 62. NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 16 October 1927 and Carl Van Doren to H.L. Mencken, 27 September 1929.

10 The Veere Paradise (1928–1931)

1. GWvL, Story, 168–169; The HWvL–Alice Bernheim correspondence is deposited at COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 5–33 and covers the years 1928–1944. During the years 1928–1934 van Loon wrote her 316 letters and from 1935 till his death in 1944 another fifty-five. 2. GWvL, Story, 169; COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 5–8, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 8 March 1928 and an earlier, undated letter written from the Grand Hotel Palace in Locarno; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries February and March 1928. 3. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 5–8, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 1 and 12 April 1928. 4. According to van Loon’s former neighbor, Dirk L. Broeder, an overzealous house painter corrected the strange spelling by adding a T to the name above the frontdoor after van Loon had left the house (Dirk L. Broeder, “De Houttuin anno 1572,” Middelburgsche Courant, 11 December 1936). In the literature dealing with van Loon’s residence there and published after his departure, the house is usually referred to as De Houttuin. Nowadays, however, and more historically correct, the name on the house is spelled as De Houttuyn; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries of 25 and 30 April, 4 and 7 June 1928; ibid., box 9, folder 9, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 23 June 1928; GWvL, Story, 175–179. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 5–8, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 27 April, 22 and 27 May, 4 and 9 June 1928; ibid., box 5, folder 17, Jimmie to Henry B. van Loon, 3 June 1929; ZA, Collectie HWvL, folder miscellaneous letters, HWvL to Helen Augur, 9 and 20 May 1928; LC, Benjamin W. Huebsch Papers, container 28, HWvL to Benjamin W. Huebsch, 11 June 1928; ibid., Stephen Bonsal Papers, container 3, HWvL to Stephen Bonsal, 7 July 1928; Dirk L. Broeder, “De Houttuin anno 1572,” Middelburgsche Courant, 11 December 1936. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 24 June 1928; ibid., box 9, folder 9, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 24 July 1928; HWvL, “Veere gaat varen!,” De Kampioen 45.30 (27 July 1928): 847–848; On the sailing race, see Middelburgsche Courant, “Zeilwedstrijd te Veere,” 4 and 6 August 1928 and J.H. Midavaine, Veere in vroeger tijden, 3 vols. (Oostvoorne: Deboektant, 1994), 1: 57, 2: 54, 68; Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant articles on van Loon of 17 October 1953 and 14 December 1968; Dirk L. Broeder, “Hendrik Willem van Loon. Bohémien en ,” Elsevier, 8 March 1969; HWvL, “Een mooi bouwwerk in gevaar. Het stadhuis te Veere,” Notes 291

De Groene Amsterdammer, 1 June 1929; HWvL, “Een monument in nood,” Algemeen Handelsblad, 18 December 1929. 7. COL, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Special Manuscript Collection Random House, HWvL to Bennett A. Cerf, 19 August 1928; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 16 August 1928; A. Koch-De Waard, “A Veere Legend: Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Knickerbocker International 26.2 (February 1964): 38. 8. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 25 August and 5 September 1928; ibid., box 9, folder 12, Jimmie to Alice Bernheim, 2 November 1929; A. Koch-De Waard, “A Veere Legend,” 38; L.W. de Bree, “Herinnering aan Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Zeeuws Tijdschrift 21.3 (1971): 78; GWvL, Story, 186, 192–193. 9. In the fall of 1928 a record number of 8,417,310 kilo sugar beets was shipped in Veere’s harbor. J.H. Midavaine, Veere in vroeger tijden, 2: 62; ZA, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, 26 September and 27 November 1929; COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 9, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 24 August 1928; ibid., box 9, folder 10, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 9 October 1928. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 10, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 22 December 1928; “Een Hollandsche Yankee in een doode stad,” Algemeen Handelsblad, 4 November 1928; Charles A. Beard, ed., Whither Mankind: A Panorama of Modern Civilization (New York-London-Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co., 1928), 47; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947), 36. 11. New York World, 16 September 1928; New York Times, 27 September 1928; COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 5, Henry B. Uterhart to Frances Goodrich, 3 August 1928; ibid., box 15, folder 12, HWvL to Charles Recht, 9 June 1929; ibid., box 9, folder 10, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 10 October 1928; GWvL, Story, 189–190. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 9, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 24 August 1928 and ibid., box 9, folder 10, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 9 October 1928; P. Kloppers, “Professor Hendrik Willem van Loon en zijn opvattingen over het huwelijk,” De Haagsche Dameskroniek, 15 December 1928, 5–6; GWvL, Story, 190, 195–196; Caroline Bancroft, “Van Loon Feels Happy Among a Simpler Mankind,” New York Evening Post, 12 October 1929; On van Loon’s indignation about this article: COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 27 October 1929. 13. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 12, HWvL to Charles Recht, 26 September and 6 October 1928, and 18 January and 9 June 1929; ibid., box 15, folder 12, Charles Recht to HWvL, 18 December 1928, 11 January 1929, 24 October 1929; HWvL agreed with his lawyer’s assessment of his idiocy in letters to friends and his son. See, for instance, ibid., box 5, folder 17, HWvL to GWvL, 19 January 1929; HU, b MS Am 1323 (3964), HWvL to Oswald Garrison Villard, 19 January 1929; UP, Horace B. Liveright Collection, Folder 499, Correspondence File 1929–1930, HWvL to Horace B. Liveright, 2 January and 29 May 1929; All of the New York press covered the court 292 Notes

proceedings; Frances’s vow is in the New York Times and Graphic, 24 October 1929. 14. ZA, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, HWvL to Erik Smit, 6 November 1929, and Jimmie to Erik Smit, 27 November 1929, capital letters and italics by Jimmie. Already a year before Jimmie had decided not to remarry Hendrik Willem as she rather pre- ferred “to live in sin” than to take the risk he would divorce her again. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 10, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 10 October 1928. 15. COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 16, undated letters HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 1928 and 1929; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 8 and 16 November 1928, 10 and 16 January, 2 and 25 March, 10 and 17 May, 21 and 27 June, 6 and 10 September, 23 and 25 October 1929 for HWvL trips to Paris (see also GWvL, Story, 187–188, 194–195, 201–202, 203–204, 213–215); ibid., box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 16 December 1929; That Rene had a prominent and—as an American woman—unique and influential position in the Parisian fashion world as publicity manager of Maison Worth, was also noted by American magazines and newspapers, such as Elite and The Christian Science Monitor, who published articles about her. According to a newspaper of her hometown Ithaca, Rene in her contacts with American clients had become “the American ambassador of the establishment, inter- preting Worth to Americans, and Americans to the establishment and its employees.” Undated newspaper clippings, most likely from 1928 and 1930, in ibid., box 16, folder 21. 16. HWvL, Life and Times of Pieter Stuyvesant (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1928); Reviews in The Nation 127 (12 December 1928): 665; Boston Transcript, 29 August 1928; Allen Sinclair Will, “That Sturdy, Gallant Dutchman, Pieter Stuyvesant,” New York Times Book Review, 30 September 1928; Atlantic Monthly 142 (December 1928): 22. 17. HWvL, Man the Miracle Maker (New York: Horace Liveright, 1928); “Mr. van Loon Sets Down the Story of Man the Inventor,” New York Times Book Review, 5 May 1929; New York Herald Tribune, 27 January 1929; See for other reviews, Book Review Digest 1929: 980; Foreign editions of the book: Multiplex Man; or, The Story of Survival through Invention (London: J. Cape, 1928); HWvL, Van zintuig tot werktuig, of hoe de mensch het uitvinden leerde (Den Haag: H.P. Leopold, 1928); HWvL, Der Multiplizierte Mensch (Berlin: Rudolf Mosse, 1930); GWvL, Story, 183, 202–203; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Erik Smit, undated 1930 letter. 18. HWvL, Adriaen Block: Skipper, Trader, Explorer (New York: Block Hall, Inc., 1928), quotations 54, 4. 19. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 17, HWvL to Henry B. van Loon, 6 February 1929; ibid., box 16, folder 16, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, undated February 1929 letter; ibid., box 9, folder 11, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 2 April 1929; LC, Benjamin W. Huebsch Papers, container 28, HWvL to Benjamin W. Huebsch, 16 June 1929. 20. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 11, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 5 April 1929; ibid., box 1, folder 6, HWvL to Thomas Smith, 6 April 1929. Notes 293

21. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 12, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 6 June and 9 October 1929; ibid., box 11, folder 19, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 26 January 1930; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 6 February 1930; ibid., box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 22 August 1929; UP, Horace B. Liveright Collection, Folder 499, Correspondence File, 1929–1930, Horace B. Liveright to HWvL, 27 September 1929 and HWvL to Horace B. Liveright, 30 May 1930. 22. Because of its green cover, the Dutch weekly De Amsterdammer had been popularly known as “De Groene” when van Loon wrote a column for it in 1922–1924. In March 1925, the publication officially incorporated the color in its title. 23. HWvL, “Overpeinzingen in de trekschuit tusschen Middelburg en Veere,” De Groene Amsterdammer, 24 August 1929; COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 12, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 20 June 1929. 24. “Edna Peters: The Typical American Girl,” The Smart Set 84.6 (August 1929): 10; ZA, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, 5 September 1929. 25. ZA, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, 5 September 1929; “Miss Amerika in ons land,” Algemeen Handelsblad, 1 September 1929; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 31 August and 1 September 1929; On Edna Peters’s visit to Veere, see also GWvL’s correspondence with Dora Miller in ibid., box 66, folder 19, GWvL to Dora Miller, 7 October 1957 and Dora Miller to GWvL, 19 October 1957; Edna Peters photographed with HWvL and Veere’s mayor, M.Q. Buys Ballot, in ibid., box 58, folder 9, N4552, and with a group of Veere girls in traditional costume in J.H. Midavaine, Veere in vroeger tijden, 2: 52. 26. Middelburgsche Courant, 3 September 1929; “All Europe gives the little Typical American Girl a great big hand,” The Smart Set 85.4 (December 1929): 6. 27. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 12 July 1929; The HWvL-Ruby Fuhr correspondence covers the years 1929–1944 and is included in COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 18–26, and box 12, folder 1–9; GWvL, Story, 208–209. 28. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 27 October 1929; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 1 May 1929. 29. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 12, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 6 July and 22 August 1929; LC, Benjamin W. Huebsch Papers, container 28, HWvL to Benjamin W. Huebsch, 17 August 1929; “Van Loon’s Son a Dancer,” New York Times, 19 October 1932; COR, HWvLP, box 2, folder 10, HWvL to Werner Zuberbuehler, 8 January 1926, 14 April 1928, and 12 February 1929; ibid., box 5, folder 14, HWvL to GWvL, 22 November 1926; ibid., box 5, folder 16, HWvL to GWvL, 5 July 1928; ibid., box 5, folder 17, HWvL to GWvL, 4 June 1929; ibid., box 12, folder 19, HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 1 September 1925; In an interview Henry B. van Loon said that he always felt his father’s letters to his children showed that both sons “were very precious to him” and he thought his father “maintained a great affection for us kids.” And, contrary to Willem’s perception, Hank was convinced that his 294 Notes

father “looked after mother as best as he could.” Author’s interview with Henry B. van Loon, 8 January 1994. 30. COR, HWvLP, box 12, folder 19, HWvL to Frances Goodrich, 1 September 1925; Author’s interview with Henry B. van Loon, 8 January 1994. On Hank’s visit to Veere, see also GWvL, Story, 212–213, 215, and on Willem’s visits there, ibid., 192–195, 264–265. 31. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 11 and 25 December 1929; “Radio Unites World in Christmas Fete: 4 Nations Broadcast,” New York Times, 26 December 1929; GWvL, Story, 215–216. 32. Van Loon’s criticism of the Dutch in COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 12, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 6 June, 12 July, 22 August, and 2 October 1929; ibid., box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 16 December 1929; Van Loon’s eighteen articles in De Groene Amsterdammer were published on 14 July and 27 October 1928; 23 February, 2 and 9 March, 6 and 20 April, 11 May, 1 and 22 June, 20 and 27 July, 24 August, and 28 September 1929; 22 February, 1 March, 19 April, and 16 August 1930 and he expressed his critical remarks on his native country in seven of them. 33. HWvL, “Overpeinzingen in de trekschuit tusschen Middelburg en Veere,” De Groene Amsterdammer, 20 July 1929. 34. Terry A. Cooney, Balancing Acts: American Thought and Culture in the 1930s (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995), 150. 35. HWvL, “Amerikaansche Presidentsverkiezing,” De Groene Amsterdammer, 14 July 1928; COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 20, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, undated April 1932 letter. 36. HWvL on “the Jewish question” in his “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 12 and 13 June 1922. 37. HWvL, “H.v.L.” Sun column, 13 June 1922; HWvL expresses anti-Semitic feelings in COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 5, HWvL to Mary Sullivan, 12 December 1926; ibid, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Jimmie, 18 October 1930; ZA, Collectie HWvL, Miscellaneous letters, HWvL to unidentified person, 2 May 1931; Leonard Dinnerstein, Antisemitism in America (New York: , 1994), viii, x, 58–149. 38. HWvL, “Nieuwe Amerikaansche litteratuur,” De Groene Amsterdammer, 11 May 1929; HWvL, “Wit-Amerikaan contra Zwart-Amerikaan,” De Groene Amsterdammer, 19 April 1930, emphasis added. 39. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 19, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 20 January and 18 February 1930; ibid., box 11, folder 20, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, undated March 1930 letter. 40. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–63, HWvL to Jimmie, 14 March 1930; GWvL, Story, 219, 222. 41. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 5, HWvL to Jimmie, 28 March 1930; ibid., box 5, folder 18, HWvL to GWvL, 21 March 1930; ZA, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, 27 April 1930; On HWvL’s meeting with his daughter-in-law-to-be, Janet Hall, see GWvL, Story, 225–227; HWvL’s broadcast from Amsterdam to an American audience over the Columbia Broadcasting System took place Notes 295

on the evening of 14 November New York time (and early morning of 15 November local Amsterdam time). Scheduled as a part of a program presented by an affiliation of American jewelers, it was the first sponsored international broadcast from Holland to the United States. Unfortunately, however, van Loon’s talk “was cut off within a few minutes by the unusually severe static disturbance [. . .] which made further broadcasting impossible.” New York Times, 15 November 1930; On this broadcast from HWvL’s room in the Amsterdam Carlton Hotel, see also the newspaper article “Dr. Van Loon spreekt Amerika toe,” De Telegraaf, 15 November 1930 and Milton H. Biow, Butting In: An Adman Speaks Out (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, 1964), 51–54. In his memoir, published more than thirty years after the broadcast, Biow presented some facts slightly different from contemporary sources: according to Biow he had offered van Loon $2,000 for his radio talk—twice as much as Jimmie recorded at the time—and whereas the New York Times reported that van Loon was cut off within a few minutes, in Biow’s memory the speaker from Amsterdam could not be heard at all! 42. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 6, HWvL to Jimmie, 11 and 18 April 1930; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 1, 3, and 4 May 1930; ibid., box 9, folder 13, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 9 May 1930; ibid., box 5, folder 19, HWvL to GWvL, 30 May 1930. 43. GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1442, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1930, departure S.S. Statendam, 26 April 1930, arrival in Rotterdam on 4 May 1930; GWvL, Story, 228–230; COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 14–15, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 5 June 1930; ibid., box 49 includes a HWvL drawing, dated 31 May 1930, of Kingsford-Smith’s Southern Cross circling Veere’s Town Hall tower. This drawing was also used as the illustration to HWvL’s article written that same day about this event, “Een handje uit de lucht. Hoe Kingsford-Smith mij kwam groeten,” Algemeen Handelsblad, 3 June 1930. 44. ZA, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, 12 August 1930; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 5 August 1930; A. Koch-De Waard, “A Veere Legend,” 38; GWvL, Story, 230–231; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries August 1930; ibid., box 58, folder 28, contains a photo (N4546) showing a tea party in the backyard of van Loon’s house in Veere with a recovered Kingsford-Smith seated between Hendrik Willem and a happy-looking Jimmie; Kingsford-Smith’s operation and recovery at the Middelburg hospital was covered by Middelburgsche Courant articles of 4, 5, 13, 14, and 15 August 1930. The newspaper described Kingsford-Smith as a courageous hero of the sky, comparable to the Dutch heroes of the sea in the past. 45. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 14–15, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 5, 23, and 28 June, 6 and 8 July 1930; ibid., box 13, folder 15, HWvL to Hattie B. Johnston, 8 August 1930; ibid., box 16, folder 17, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 10 January 1931. 46. HWvL, R.v.R.: The Life and Times of Rembrandt van Rijn (New York: Horace Liveright, 1930); COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 14–15, HWvL to Alice 296 Notes

Bernheim, 17 June, 8, 13, and 24 August 1930; ibid., box 13, folder 15, HWvL to Hattie B. Johnston, 8 August 1930; ibid., box 67, folder 1, Arthur Pell to GWvL, 8 January 1960 with enclosure George G. Harrap to HWvL, 27 August 1930; ibid., box 18, folder 5, HWvL to Louis N. Feipel, 3 September 1930; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 5 August 1930; HWvL’s other three Rembrandt articles were published in the Woman’s Home Companion 58 (March 1931): 15–16, 66, 69; (April 1931): 31–32, 172–176; (May 1931): 31–32, 138–140. 47. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 14–15, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 6 July and 24 August 1930; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 19 September 1930; ibid., box 5, folder 18, HWvL to GWvL, 15 October 1930; ZA, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, HWvL to Erik Smit, 8 October 1930. 48. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to H.H. Davis, 3 September 1930; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 2 October 1930; ibid., box 9, folder 16, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 9 October 1930; ibid., box 11, folder 21, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 31 October 1930; ibid., box 5, folder 18, HWvL to GWvL, 28 November 1930; ibid., box 17, folder 22, HWvL to Arthur Pell, March 1931; New York Times, 13 December 1930; HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942), 284. 49. Reviews of R.v.R. in: New York World, 2 October 1930; New York Evening Post, 4 October 1930; The Outlook 156 (8 October 1930): 229; Saturday Review of Literature 7 (11 October 1930): 204; New York Times Book Review, 16 November 1930; Chicago Daily Tribune, 13 December 1930; The New Freeman 2 (17 December 1930): 331. 50. COR, HWvLP, box 66, folder 7, GWvL to Ralph L. DeGoff, 6 November 1970; GWvL, Story, 236; R.v.R. in the revised Heritage Press edition had 378 pages and in the years 1939, 1944, and 1954 respectively sold 12,000, 30,000, and 28,000 copies; COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 21, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 22 November 1930; HU, b MS Am 1803 (1797), folder 1, HWvL to George Sarton, 26 March 1933; HWvL, R.v.R. Het leven en de tijd van Rembrandt van Rijn (Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff’s Uitgevers Maatschappij N.V., 1931); An early Dutch positive review of the American edition of R.v.R. in De Haagsche Post, 18 October 1930, and equally positive reviews about the Dutch edition in Het Vaderland, 19 December 1931 and De Telegraaf, 20 December 1931. 51. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 18, HWvL to GWvL, 26 October 1930. 52. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 1, 6, and 11 December 1930; GWvL, Story, 238; New York Times articles on arrival of Albert Einstein in New York, 11 and 12 December 1930. 53. HWvL, “Short Cut to God,” The New Republic 65 (31 December 1930): 185–187; GWvL, Story, 239. 54. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 17, Albert Einstein to HWvL, 24 December 1930. 55. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 18, HWvL to GWvL, 12 December 1930; ibid., box 9, folder 14–15, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 23 June 1930; ibid., Notes 297

box 14, folder 20, undated and unidentified but most likely New York newspaper article by Louis Sherwin with the headline “Discontent Seen by Van Loon as Greatest Spur to Artists.” 56. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries January through 11 February 1931; ibid., box 9, folder 17, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 16 January 1931; GWvL, Story, 241–243; “H.v.L.” Sun columns, 27 and 28 March 1923. 57. GWvL, Story, 224–225, 240–241, 242, 243; Peter Schwed, Turning the Pages: An Insider’s Story of Simon and Schuster 1924–1984 (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1984), 6, 8; On S&S, see also Joan Shelley Rubin, The Making of Middlebrow Culture (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992), 245–254; Walker Gilmer, Horace Liveright: Publisher of the Twenties (New York: David Lewis, 1970), ix, 101–103, 199–201, 224–225, 228, 232–237; HWvL, How I Came to Publish with Essandess. Published for the New York Times National Book Fair (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936), 4–6. 58. GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1446, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1931, departure S.S. Nieuw Amsterdam, 24 February 1931, arrival Rotterdam, 6 March 1931; New York Times, 25 February 1931; COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 17, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 11 March 1931. Also in a 16 March 1931 letter to Bernheim he wrote that for the first time in his life he was “American in feeling” and that Europe had become “a foreign land”; ibid., box 16, folder 17, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 12 March 1931; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 24 February, 6, 9, and 14 March 1931. 59. GWvL, Story, 246–247, 250–251. 60. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 18, HWvL to A. Bernheim, 8 May 1931; ibid., box 5, folder 19, HWvL to GWvL, 27 May 1931; ibid., box 5, folder 20, HWvL to GWvL, undated probably June 1931 letter. 61. COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 17, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, undated probably May/June 1931 letter. 62. COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 17, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 26 June 1931; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 26 and 27 June 1931. 63. GWvL, Story, 262; COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 17, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 23 June 1932; ibid., box 16, folder 18, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 31 July 1937. 64. GWvL, Story, 263; COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 17, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 29 June 1932. 65. GAR, HAL Passage delen, inv. nr. A 1450, Eastbound Passagierslijsten 1932, departure S.S. Rotterdam, 2 July 1932; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 1 and 23 July, and 14 August 1932; see also GWvL, Story, 264–265. 66. HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives, xvii–xviii.

11 The Educator (1931–1935)

1. New York Herald Tribune, 30 July 1931; COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 9, HWvL to George L. Burr, undated 1931 letter. 298 Notes

2. COR, HWvLP, box 5, folder 19, HWvL to GWvL, 29 July 1931 and 17 August 1931; LC, Roy W. Howard Papers, container 55, HWvL to Roy W. Howard, 23 and 31 August 1931. 3. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries September through December 1931. 4. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 13 January 1932; HWvL articles “Speaking of Revolution” in The Nation of 19 and 26 August, 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 September, 7, 14, 21, and 28 October, 4, 11, 18, and 25 November, 2, 16, 23, and 30 December 1931, 13, 20, and 27 January, and 3 February 1932; HWvL articles “It Seems to the Spectator” in the New York World- Telegram of 12 through 24 October 1931; LC, Roy W. Howard Papers, con- tainer 55, Roy W. Howard to HWvL, 2 September, 27 and 31 October 1931, and HWvL to Roy W. Howard, 2 November 1931; On Heywood Broun, see Richard O’Connor, Heywood Broun: A Biography (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975). 5. HWvL’s “Philosophy of History” articles in the New York Herald Tribune of 20 and 27 December 1931, and 8 and 10 January 1932; HWvL, “The Seven Blunders of the World,” Forum and Century 86.3 (September 1931): 146–150; HWvL, “How Not to Educate Children,” Saturday Review of Literature 8 (14 November 1931): 284–285, 288; HWvL, “If the Dutch Had Kept Nieuw Amsterdam,” in J.C. Squire, ed., If: or History Rewritten (New York: Viking Press, Inc., 1931), 63–106; COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 21, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 31 October 1930. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 1, HWvL to GWvL, 19 January and 3 May 1932; ibid., box 11, folder 23, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, undated September 1931 letter. 7. HWvL, Van Loon’s Geography: The Story of the World We Live In (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1932); COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 17, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 22 and 29 June 1932; ibid., box 18, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, 19 January 1932; ibid., box 6, folder 2, HWvL to GWvL, 28 March and 20 May 1932. 8. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 1, HWvL to GWvL, 25 February 1932; HWvL, “Prosperity Around the Corner,” New York Times, 11 February 1933; Terry A. Cooney, Balancing Acts: American Thought and Culture in the 1930s (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995), 3–5, 162. 9. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 26 February 1932. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 21, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 14 March 1932; ibid., box 11, folder 24, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 23 May 1932; Shaun O’Connell, Remarkable, Unspeakable New York: A Literary History (Boston: Beacon Press, 1995), 206–207. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 26 April through 2 May 1932; ibid., box 14, folder 21, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 14 March, 1 and 4 May 1932. 12. HWvL, To Have or To Be—Take Your Choice. The John Day Pamphlets, no. 12 (New York: The John Day Company, 1932); COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, undated May 1932 letter; ibid., box 11, folder 24, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, undated June 1932 letter. Notes 299

13. HWvL, “To Have or To Be,” published in School and Society 36 ( July 2, 1932): 6–8; and in Journal of the National Education Association 21 (October 1932): 210; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, undated June 1932 letter; LC, Roy W. Howard Papers, container 68, HWvL to Roy W. Howard, 1 July 1932. 14. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 1, HWvL to GWvL, 6 March 1932; ibid., box 18, folder 6, HWvL to George L. Burr, undated May 1932 letter; NLMD, Collectie HWvL, HWvL to Theun de Vries, 6 April 1932. 15. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 1, HWvL to GWvL, 14 March 1932, emphasis in original. 16. Charles Lee, The Hidden Public: The Story of the Book-of-the-Month Club (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, 1958), 66; COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 3, HWvL to GWvL, 25 August 1932. 17. HWvL, Van Loon’s Geography, 1, 9, 11,12. 18. HWvL, Van Loon’s Geography, 215, 418–419. 19. HWvL, Van Loon’s Geography, 8, 500–504. 20. Reviews of Van Loon’s Geography in New York Times Book Review 11 September 1932; The Bookman 75 (September 1932): 511–512; The Nation 135 (7 September 1932): 205 and ibid. (7 December 1932): 570; Chicago Daily Tribune, 10 September 1932; Commonweal 16 (28 September 1932): 513; Yale Review 22.2 (December 1932): 408–410; Atlantic Monthly 150 (October 1932): 11; New York Herald Tribune Books, 11 September 1932. 21. COR; HWvLP, box 14, folder 21, HWvL to Henri Mayer, undated December 1932 letter; David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 276; New York Evening Post, 8 September 1932; New York World-Telegram, 14 September 1932; HWvL, “An Historian Looks at Life,” Advertising Club News (10 October 1932): 6–7, 10–11; For HWvL’s accent, see Variety 108 (11 October 1932): 56, and Ruth Hale, “Hendrik Willem,” Book-of-the-Month Club News, August 1932. 22. GWvL, Story, 265–266, 268. 23. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 2, HWvL to Eliza Bowditch, 12 April 1932; ibid., box 11, folder 25, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 20 September 1932; ibid., box 6, folder 3, HWvL to GWvL, 13 September 1932, emphasis in original; LC, Roy W. Howard Papers, container 68, HWvL to Roy W. Howard, 11 June 1932. 24. HWvL, “What Governor Roosevelt Reads,” Saturday Review of Literature 9 (15 October 1932): 169–171; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 20, ER to HWvL, 2 November 1932. 25. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 4, HWvL to GWvL, 16 October 1932; ibid., box 14, folder 21, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 5 November 1932; ibid., box 18, folder 6, HWvL to Janet Sabloff, undated November 1931 letter; GWvL, Story, 270; On HWvL’s activities for WEVD, see also New York Times articles “Brain-building for Adults,” 6 November 1932, and “Plan Air University,” 26 January 1933. 300 Notes

26. LC, Roy W. Howard Papers, container 80, HWvL to Roy W. Howard, 17 January 1933; HWvL was also involved in other educational activities— to help unemployed musicians, a program of adult education, and a conference of the Child Study Association of America—as was recorded by the New York Times of respectively 14 and 19 November 1932, and 7 December 1932. 27. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 6, HWvL to Janet Sabloff, undated November 1932 letter; GWvL, Story, 269; Variety 141 (1 January 1941): 29. 28. New York Herald Tribune, 29 December 1932. 29. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 5, HWvL to GWvL, 30 January 1933; ZA, Collectie HWvL, Folder miscellaneous letters, HWvL to unidentified person, 13 May 1933; COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 5, HWvL to GWvL, 23 March 1933. 30. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 16 June through 27 July 1933; ibid., box 11, folder 9, HWvL to Jimmie, 3, 10, and 11 July 1933. 31. GWvL, Story, 276, 279; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries, 3 August through 12 September 1933. 32. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 10, 11, and 25 August 1933 and one undated August 1922 letter. 33. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 20 September through 27 October 1933; New York Times, 5 November 1933. 34. ZA, Collectie HWvL, Folder miscellaneous letters, HWvL to unidentified person, 13 May 1933; HWvL, An Indiscreet Itinerary or How the Unconventional Traveler Should See Holland (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933), quotations, vii–ix; Reviews of the book in: New York Herald Tribune Books, 11 June 1933; New York Times Book Review, 11 June 1933; Saturday Review of Literature, 24 June 1933. 35. HWvL, An Elephant Up a Tree (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1933); HWvL’s comparison to , New York Times, 28 October 1933; UIL, Jay N. Darling Papers, HWvL to Alfred Harcourt, undated 1933 letter; Reviews of the book in: Boston Transcript, 29 November 1933; New York Times Book Review, 5 November 1933; Saturday Review of Literature, 25 November 1933. 36. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 26, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 15 December 1933; ibid., box 6, folder 7, HWvL to GWvL, 19 December 1933; ibid., box 6, folder 5, HWvL to GWvL, 23 January 1933; ibid., box 6, folder 10, HWvL to GWvL, 3 October 1934. 37. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 7, HWvL to Simon and Schuster, undated 1933 letter (most likely November or December), and letter of 30 December 1933. 38. UP, Horace B. Liveright Collection, Folder 499, Correspondence File, 1929–1930, HWvL to Horace Liveright, 2 January 1929; HWvL, “Rebuild the World!” The Harrap Mercury 2.9 (May 1933): 129–131; HWvL letter to Eleanor Hubbard Garst, published in Better Homes and Gardens 12 (October 1933): 24; Norman Klein, “Van Loon Shuffles Cards of Philosophy for New Deal,” New York Evening Post, undated clipping in COR, HWvLP, box 27, folder 1, most likely of June 1933 as it refers to the London Economic Conference of that month. Notes 301

39. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries18 and 25 April 1933; ibid., box 14, folder 22, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 3 May 1933; ibid., box 11, folder 26, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 1 December 1933; HWvL brochure A Voyage of Re-Discovery with Hendrik Willem van Loon; Franconia Southern Hemisphere World Cruise, 1934 (New York: Cunard Line, 1933). Cunard Line ads “Around the World in the Franconia with Hendrik Willem van Loon” in the September and November 1933 issues of The American Spectator; COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 8–9, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 14 January, undated January letter, 7 and 26 February, 7 March 1934; GWvL, Story, 285–287; HWvL, The Story of the Pacific (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940). 40. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 8–9, Indische Courant article of 15 March 1934, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 28 March and 25 April 1934, Dutch newspaper article by Capetown correspondent of 4 May 1934, and HWvL to George L. Burr, 15 September 1934; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 23 March 1934. 41. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 8–9, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 16, 21, and 24 May 1934; Enoch Pratt Free Library, H.L. Mencken Collection, H.L. Mencken, “Thirty-five Years of Newspaper Work,” 334. 42. New York Times, 1 June 1934; COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 8–9, HWvL to Ross Skinner, 20 October 1934. 43. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 8–9, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, undated summer 1934 letter and HWvL to George L. Burr, 15 September 1934; ZA, Collectie HWvL, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, 1 October 1934; Reviews of the exhibit in New York Times and New York Herald Tribune, 12 August 1934. 44. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 4 July 1934; The Hendrik Willem van Loon papers at Cornell University contain an “off the record” note by Willem that Helen upon return of the Franconia trip was pregnant by his father and that “an abortion finally performed revealed she would have produced twins.” The statement of the pregnancy was not confirmed by any other source, however, and neither did Willem use this ammunition against his father in his biography. The fact that van Loon kept up his friendship with the Hoffman twins in the following years and that they never let him down, is a clear indication that this “off the record” note on the pregnancy is devoid of any basis. Ibid., box 65, folder 1–8, Notes on Helen Hoffman. 45. HWvL, Ships and How They Sailed the Seven Seas (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1935); HWvL, “On Being Fashionable,” Esquire, November 1934, 37, 150, 152; HWvL, “Hints for Reformers,” Atlantic Monthly 154.6 (December 1934): 743–745; COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 9, HWvL to GWvL, 10 August 1934; ibid., box 18, folder 8–9, HWvL to George L. Burr, 15 September 1934 and HWvL to Alfred C. Howell, 17 September 1934; ibid., box 9, folder 2, HWvL to Harold Bauer, 20 November 1934; ibid., box 27, folder 1, undated newspaper clipping, “Mr. Van Loon and Columbus,” of HWvL letter, dated 13 October 1934, to the New York Herald 302 Notes

Tribune; FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1323, HWvL to ER, 8 October and 14 November 1934. 46. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 29 October 1934; ZA, Collectie HWvL, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, 25 November 1934; GWvL, Story, 351. 47. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 8–9, HWvL to J. David Stern, 30 September 1934; David Nasaw, The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000), 323; HWvL column “Meet the Commentator” in the New York Daily Mirror, in COR, HWvLP, box 25, folder 60–64. 48. HWvL’s introductory column appeared on 12 November 1934. 49. On HWvL’s opinion on U.S. nonintervention in Europe or elsewhere, see for instance HWvL, “Meet the Commentator,” Daily Mirror, 11 December 1934 and (with quotation) 12 April 1935; HWvL expressed his view on the two different Americas in his column of 18 March 1935. 50. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Hattie-Bell Johnston, 20 February 1935 and HWvL to GWvL, 12 April 1935 (italics in original). 51. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 8–9, HWvL to Grace Castagnetta, 16 November 1934; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 17 November 1934; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 23 January 1935; ibid., box 65, folder 1–8, GWvL interviews of Grace Castagnetta, 28 March 1957 and 26 October 1961; LC, Stephen Bonsal Papers, container 3, HWvL to Stephen Bonsal, 20 October 1935; On Grace Castagnetta, see also GWvL, Story, 301–303. 52. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 1–8, GWvL interview of Grace Castagnetta, 28 March 1957; ibid., box 66, folder 10, GWvL to Maurice Hanline, 7 July 1958; HWvL, How I Came to Publish with Essandess. Published for the New York Times National Book Fair (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936), 6; Author’s interview with Henry B. van Loon, 8 January 1994. 53. HWvL, Ships and How They Sailed the Seven Seas, 1. 54. Reviews in New York Times Book Review, 24 February 1935; New York Herald Tribune Books, 3 March 1935; Saturday Review of Literature 11 (23 February 1935): 503; De Haagsche Post, 5 October 1935; COR, Carl L. Becker Papers, HWvL to Carl L. Becker, 18 March 1935. 55. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, 11 March and 25 April 1935; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 14 April 1935; ibid., box 15, folder 20, ER to HWvL, 23 April 1935; ibid., box 15, folder 21, FDR to HWvL, 26 April 1935; ibid., box 18, folder 10–11, HWvL to George L. Burr, 23 August 1935. 56. HWvL quoted in News-Week, 1 June 1935; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, 7 July 1935; Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 365, 378–379. 57. On the reactions of listeners to HWvL’s broadcasts, the internal NBC corre- spondence on the successful program, and the decision to publish forty HWvL talks, see SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 42, folder 40; Quotation of one listener, ibid., Allan H. Candee to NBC, Notes 303

21 May 1935; On the “radio demagogues” Coughlin and Long, see Alan Brinkley, Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982); HWvL, Air-Storming (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1935); Reviews in New York Herald Tribune Books, 24 November 1935, New York Times Book Review, 17 November 1935, and in De Telegraaf, 31 January 1937; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 21, FDR to HWvL, 18 November 1935; Air-Storming contains HWvL’s broadcasts delivered from 19 May through 3 October 1935. For his other NBC broadcasts delivered through 19 December that year, see COR, HWvLP, box 25, folder 81–91. The Library of Congress’s Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division has a considerable number of HWvL broadcasts covering the years 1933 through 1943 with an emphasis on the years 1935 (45), 1938 (24), and 1939 (9). 58. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 21 through 27 June 1935; ibid., box 15, folder 1, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 28 June 1935; ibid., box 18, folder 10–11, HWvL to Ben Huebsch, 13 July 1935; Even five years later—when the Manns lived in the United States—Thomas Mann in a letter to van Loon referred with gratitude to his first meeting with FDR and asked van Loon if for a second time he would be willing to arrange a meeting with the president. Ibid., box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 16 December 1940; On Thomas Mann’s work habits, see Robert Van Gelder, Writers and Writing (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1946), 57–58; On Thomas Mann’s visit to van Loon and FDR, see also Thomas Mann, Tagebücher 1935–1936, her- ausgegeben von Peter de Mendelssohn (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1978), 123–131 and Donald Prater, Thomas Mann: A Life (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 239–240; On Jewish and political refugees from the Nazi regime to the United States in the 1930s and after- ward, see Anthony Heilblut, Exiled in Paradise: German Refugee Artists and Intellectuals in America, from the 1930s to the Present (New York: Viking Press, 1983). 59. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 1, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 12 August and 4 September 1935; ZA, Collectie HWvL, Letters from HWvL and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952, Jimmie to Erik Smit, undated August 1935 letter. 60. HWvL, Around the World With the Alphabet (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1935); From the Inner Sanctum of Simon and Schuster, 5 October 1935; Reviews in, for instance, New York Herald Tribune Books, 17 November 1935 and New York Times Book Review, 5 January 1936. 61. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 10–11, HWvL to Fiorello H. La Guardia, 16 October, 19 and 23 November 1935; “Van Loon Rings School Bell,” New York Times, 1 December 1935. 62. HWvL, A World Divided Is a World Lost (New York: Cosmos Publishing Company, 1935); HWvL’s 3 October 1935 NBC broadcast in HWvL, Air-Storming, 299; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 31 December 1935. 304 Notes 12 For Roosevelt and the Arts (1936–1937)

1. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to John F. Royal, 4 December 1935, and to GWvL, undated January 1935 letter; ibid., box 6, folder 10, HWvL to GWvL, 16 September 1934. 2. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 21, H.L. Mencken to HWvL, 29 February 1936; ibid., box 15, folder 2, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 20 March 1936; ibid., box 18, folder 12, HWvL to Frank Kingdon, undated August 1936 letter; HWvL, “A Study In Backgrounds,” The Democratic National Convention 1936 and in the subsequent new edition, The Democratic Book 1936 (Philadelphia: The Democratic National Convention, 1936), 13–20. 3. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to Margaret Le Hand, 1 September 1936; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 18 October 1936. The FBI took a more sour view of HWvL’s pro-Roosevelt work, especially since the Rand School had been described as “a socialist training school for labor agita- tors”: see FBI, HWvL Files, Chicago File no. 100–2477, 28 February 1945, 14. 4. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, 5 November 1936 and ibid., FDR to HWvL, 13 November 1936; On the 1936 election, see William E. Leuchtenburg, The FDR Years: On Roosevelt and His Legacy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), chapter 4. 5. COR, George Lincoln Burr Papers, box 19, HWvL to George L. Burr, 29 August 1936; ibid., HWvLP, box 18, folder 12, HWvL to ER, undated August 1936 letter. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 21 August 1936; ibid., box 18, folder 12, HWvL to ER, undated August 1936 letter; COL, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Manuscript Collection Coudert, Sr., HWvL to Frederick R. Coudert, 5 November 1936. 7. LC, Benjamin W. Huebsch Papers, container 28, HWvL to Benjamin W. Huebsch, 30 March 1936; COR, Carl L. Becker Papers, HWvL to Carl L. Becker, 7 March 1935. 8. HWvL and Grace Castagnetta, The Songs We Sing (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936); Review in New York Times Book Review, 15 November 1936. For other reviews, see Book Review Digest (1936): 983. 9. HWvL, The Songs We Sing, front and back flap; HWvL, “Getting Joy Out of Music,” The Etude 54 (February 1936): 69–70; COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 13, HWvL to Katy Codman, undated fall 1936 letter; ibid., box 15, folder 2, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 30 December 1936. 10. SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 51, folder 6, Phillips Carlin to Thomas Stix, 24 December 1936 and HWvL to Phillips Carlin, 28 December 1936 and 2 January 1937; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to ER, 26 January 1937 (with 19 January pre-inauguration broadcast) and FDR to HWvL, 2 February 1937. 11. On FDR’s mastery of the radio, see Russell D. Buhite and David W. Levy, eds., FDR’s Fireside Chats (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992); FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, Notes 305

8 March 1937; SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 57, folder 57, HWvL to John F. Royal, 26 March 1937 and John F. Royal to HWvL, 18 May and 29 June 1937; COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 23, Max L. Schuster to HWvL, 19 April 1937. 12. SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 57, folder 57, L.H. Titterton to HWvL, 23 June 1937 and HWvL to John F. Royal, 4 September 1937; ibid., box 65, folder 25, L.H. Titterton to HWvL, 22 December 1937 and 31 January 1938, and L.H. Titterton to Julian Street, Jr., 3 February 1938; HWvL, June 16th, 1937. A broadcast delivered on that day over the networks of the National Broadcasting Company (New York: National Broadcasting Company, 1937); RCA Victor Radio, A Short-Wave Journey of Discovery With Hendrik Willem van Loon (Camden, N.J.: RCA Manufacturing Company, 1937), 6–8; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to a Mr. van Peursam, undated September 1937 letter. 13. AMBZ, Washington, Gez./Amb. 1940–1952, box 104: L3/33, Correspondence on Decoration HWvL, including HWvL’s 10 July 1937 let- ter of thanks to W.C. graaf van Rechteren Limpurg, Netherlands legation in Washington; Archief Kabinet der Koningin, 28 May 1937 no. 53, signed decision of Queen Wilhelmina to bestow decoration of officer in the Order of Orange Nassau on HWvL; New York Times articles on HWvL decoration, 1 and 3 July 1937; FDRL, ERP, Speech and Article File, box 3034, ER inter- views HWvL, 14 July 1937. See also SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 57, folder 57, Arthur J. Daly to William S. Rainey, 14 July and HWvL to John F. Royal, 15 July 1937; New York Times, 15 July 1937. 14. COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 19, HWvL to Marvin Lowenthal, 15 July 1937. 15. AMBZ, Washington, Gez./Amb. 1940–1952, box 104: L3/33, Correspondence on Decoration HWvL; NLMD, Collectie HWvL, F.J.W. Drion, Vaderlandsche Jaarboeken (1937): 256–257. 16. GWvL, Story, 311 and for a detailed description of the house, 314–318; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 4, 6, and 15 January, 28 April and 24 October 1937; ibid., box 12, folder 4, Jimmie to Ruby Fuhr, 25 October 1937; ibid., box 15, folder 3, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 4 July 1937; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 27 April 1937; AMBZ, Washington, Gez./Amb. 1940–1952, box 104: L3/33, Correspondence on Decoration HWvL, HWvL to W.C. graaf van Rechteren Limpurg, Netherlands legation in Washington, 5 and 10 July 1937; COL, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Special Manuscript Collection Meloney, HWvL to Marie M. Meloney, 5 January 1939; Emil Ludwig, Roosevelt: A Study in Fortune and Power (New York: The Viking Press, 1938); FDRL, Lorena Hickok Papers, box 17, Correspondence and Subject File, Folder HWvL, Jimmie to Lorena Hickok, 30 December 1937. 17. COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 18, Betty Goodwin to Rene Scudamore, 14 March and 26 April 1937, and HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 13 and 31 July 1937; HWvL NBC broadcast of 4 April 1937 in ibid., box 25, folder 80; 306 Notes

ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 3 December 1938. 18. On the strikes and the unionization of industrial America, see William E. Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932–1940 (New York: Harper and Row, 1963), 239–243, and David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), chapter 10; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 30 May and 10 June 1937, and HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 15 June; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, 10 August 1937, and 1937 Booklet Why Social Security? illustrated with drawings by HWvL; Educational Policies Commission, The Unique Function of Education in American Democracy (Washington, D.C.: National Education Association of the United States and the Department of Superintendence, 1937); FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, 29 July and 10 August 1937; HWvL, “Roosevelt Alias Geldersman. A Study in Applied Genealogy,” Redbook Magazine 70.2 (December 1937): 4, 104–105; On FDR’s Dutch roots see also Frank Freidel, “The Dutchness of the Roosevelts” in J.W. Schulte Nordholt and Robert P. Swierenga, eds., A Bilateral Bicentennial: A History of Dutch-American Relations, 1782–1982 (Amsterdam: Meulenhoff and Octagon Books, 1982), 149–167. 19. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 25 January 1938 and FDR to HWvL, 27 January 1938. 20. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Henri Mayer, undated March 1937 letter, italics by HWvL; ibid., box 18, folder 13–14, HWvL to Van Wyck Brooks, 7 July 1937. 21. SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 57, folder 57, HWvL to John F. Royal, 4 September 1937; COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 18, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, undated summer 1937 letter. 22. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 13–14, HWvL to John F. Royal, 1 October 1937; ibid., box 15, folder 4, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 1 October 1937; On van Loon’s exhibit at Ferargil Galleries, see New York Times, 1 October 1937, New York World-Telegram, 9 October 1937, and New York Herald Tribune, 10 October 1937; See S&S ads for The Arts in, for instance, New York Times, 10 October and 6 December 1937, and in New York Herald Tribune, 12 October 1937. 23. HWvL, The Arts (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1937). On the page listing previously published van Loon books, S&S mentioned that van Loon’s books were published in translation in twenty-one other countries around the world, that there were even translations into Urdu, Bantu, Esperanto, and Braille, and that The Arts was not only published in the United States, but would also simultaneously appear in England, Austria, France, and Italy. 24. Reviews in New York Herald Tribune Books, 3 October 1937 and Washington Post, 3 October 1937. 25. Chicago Daily Tribune, 2 October 1937; The Christian Science Monitor, 30 September 1937; Dallas Morning News, 3 October 1937; New York Times Notes 307

Book Review, 3 October 1937; Los Angeles Times, 17 October 1937; Newsweek, 4 October 1937; Atlantic Monthly, November 1937; Saturday Review of Literature 16.23 (2 October 1937): 5–6. 26. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Scott Perky, 2 November 1937 and to Harold Bauer, 25 October 1937 (italics by HWvL); ibid., box 11, folder 17, Albert Einstein to HWvL, 20 October 1937; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, 10 November 1937, and ibid., Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 4 January 1938 and FDR to HWvL, 6 January 1938. 27. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 13–14, HWvL to John F. Royal, 8 September 1937; HWvL’s views on art in New York Times, 25 April and 20 November 1937; HWvL, The Arts, 8, 47, 632, 635. 28. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, Lieutenant Jocelyn Raban-Williams to HWvL, July 1940 on board H.M. Submarine Osiris. This letter is also printed in Robert Van Gelder, “Author at Home: Inside the Van Loon Household,” page 55 of unidentified periodical, most likely from early 1941, in ibid., box 27, folder 1. 29. HWvL and Grace Castagnetta, Christmas Carols (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1937); Reviews of Christmas Carols in New York Times Book Review, 12 December 1937 and in New York Herald Tribune of 14 November 1937; New York Herald Tribune Books, “What America Is Reading,” 31 October and 19 December 1937; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Scott Perky, 2 November 1937; , Golden Multitudes: The Story of Best Sellers in the United States (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947), 314, 327, 330; Cultural historian Warren Susman described Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People as “the bestseller” of the 1930s and its publication in 1936 “a landmark for the study of American popular culture.” In its first year, Carnegie’s book sold 750,000 copies. Warren I. Susman, Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), 165, 305 note 55; By July 1938, Meredith Wood of the Book-of-the-Month Club assessed The Arts as “a most substantial best-seller.” COL, Oral History Collection, The Book-of-the- Month Club, vol. 4, 664–665, interview with Meredith Wood. 30. HWvL, Observations on the Mystery of Print and the Work of Johann Gutenberg (New York: Book Manufacturers’ Institute, 1937); HWvL, How to Look at Pictures. A Short History of Painting (New York: National Committee for Art Appreciation, 1938); COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 4, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 30 November 1937. 31. New York Times, 5 November 1937; NA, Archief J. Loudon, 1866–1955, inv. nr. 8, HWvL to J. Loudon, 22 October 1937; COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 15–18, HWvL to John F. Royal, 4 and 6 January 1938; ibid., George Lincoln Burr Papers, box 19, HWvL to George L. Burr, 12 January 1938. 32. A sour review of The Arts appeared in Het Vaderland. The success of HWvL’s book in the United States was dealt with in pejorative terms and echoed Johan Huizinga’s criticism of The Story of Mankind. “Literatuur in Amerika,” Het Vaderland, 16 January 1938; NLMD, Collectie HWvL, HWvL to W. van der Schoor de Boer, 26 April 1935. 308 Notes 13 The Prophet of the Coming Wrath (1938–1940)

1. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 6, HWvL to EBvL, 20 August 1933. 2. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 7, HWvL to Philip Cowen, 1 November 1933; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to EBvL, undated August 1933 letter; ibid., box 9, folder 26, HWvL to Harvard’s President James B. Conant, 4 October 1934. 3. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 13–14, HWvL to Max L. Schuster, 18 April 1937; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1934–1937, HWvL to FDR, 24 April and 6 May 1937, and FDR telephone note 26 April 1937. 4. HWvL’s letter to the Schützen Verlag published as HWvL, “Absage nach Berlin,” Das Neue Tage-Buch 5.39 (25 September 1937): 933. He sent an English translation of the letter to his mentor, see COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to George L. Burr, undated October 1937 letter. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 17, Albert Einstein to HWvL, 20 and 26 October 1937 and HWvL to Albert Einstein, 23 October 1937. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 18, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, undated, probably June, 1937 letter. 7. GWvL, Story, 312; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 5, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 16 March 1938. 8. Daily Mirror, 25 May 1938; New York Times, 14 and 15 May 1938. 9. Scholastic 32 (28 May 1938): 33; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 25 May 1938. 10. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 16 February 1938 and FDR to HWvL, 4 March 1938. 11. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 19 April 1938 and FDR to HWvL, 21 April 1938; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to ER, 23 April 1938. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 28 May through 16 June 1938; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Thomas L. Stix, 9 June 1938. 13. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 29 June through 9 July 1938; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL and to John F. Royal, 5 July 1938, and HWvL to ER, 9 July 1938. 14. COR, HWvLP, box 12, folder 9, Report Ruby Fuhr, May 1957; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, undated Winter 1938 letter and HWvL to Van Wyck Brooks, 15 July 1938. 15. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 29 July 1938; ibid., box 15, folder 6, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 2 September 1938; COL, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Manuscript Collection M.L. Schuster, HWvL to Max L. Schuster, 20 August 1938. 16. COR, HWvLP, box 6, folder 17, HWvL to GWvL, 21 September 1938; GWvL, Story, 330. 17. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 16 September through 7 October 1938; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Grace Castagnetta, Notes 309

30 September 1938 and to GWvL, 21 September 1938; GWvL, Story, 331; New York Times, 9 October 1938. 18. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 15–18, HWvL to Van Wyck Brooks, 25 October 1938; ibid., box 15, folder 6, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 16 November 1938; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 13 November 1938; HWvL, Our Battle (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1938), 3–5. 19. HWvL, Our Battle, 66, 136, 138, back cover. 20. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 25, Thornton Wilder to HWvL, 14 November 1938; ibid., box 11, folder 17, Albert Einstein to HWvL, 1 December 1938; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL, 1938–1939, FDR to HWvL, 27 November 1938; The New Republic 97 (11 January 1939): 293–294; Saturday Review of Literature 19 (17 December 1938): 20. 21. Commonweal 29 (23 December 1938): 229; The Nation 148 (14 January 1939): 71–72. 22. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 7, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 14 February 1939; ibid., box 18, folder 15–18, HWvL to Van Wyck Brooks, 1 and 22 December 1938; ibid., box 16, folder 19, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, 21 November 1938; ibid., box 9, folder 29, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, undated December 1938 letter; FRDL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL, 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 13 and 18 November 1938. 23. “Van Loon’s Appointment as Greenwich Time Director Hailed By La Guardia, Lowell Thomas And Many Others,” Greenwich Time, 29 October 1938; The Greenwich Time serialized Our Battle in thirteen installments in November and December 1938; HWvL’s resignation at the newspaper was announced in the Greenwich Time of 17 June and the New York Times of 18 June 1940; HWvL, “Deliberate Reflections,” Greenwich Time, 14 November, and articles in same newspaper 1 and 3 December 1938; New York Times, 2 December 1938; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 5 December 1938; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to Marvin H. McIntyre, 24 December 1938. 24. David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 415–417. 25. New York Times, 11 January 1939. 26. COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 3, HWvL to Harold Bauer, 19 January 1940; ibid., box 17, folder 26, Carl Zuckmayer to HWvL, 15 April, 7 May, 26 June, and 30 December 1939; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 24 June 1939; Carl Zuckmayer, Als wär’s ein Stück von mir. Horen der Freundschaft (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1994), 548–551. 27. HWvL letter to Esther Bell-Robinson in GWvL, Story, 17; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 29 and 30 January 1939; ibid., box 14, folder 3–5, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 31 January 1939; ibid., box 15, folder 7, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 31 January 1939; ibid., box 17, folder 9, Jimmie to Lucie Tal, 3 February 1939; FDRL, Usher Books, entries 29 and 30 January 1939; ibid., 310 Notes

Diary and Itineraries, entry 29 January 1939; ibid., PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 31 January 1939. 28. HWvL, “Deliberate Reflections,” Greenwich Time, 1 February 1939. 29. SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 73, folder 35, HWvL to Phillips Carlin, 21 January 1939; HWvL broadcasts 19 February through 23 April 1939 in COR, HWvLP, box 25, folder 92–103. Quotations from HWvL broadcasts of 19 March and 2 April 1939; Radio Guide 8.21 (11 March 1939): 4; New York Times, 23 March 1939; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 23 March 1939 and FDR to HWvL, 27 March 1939. 30. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 19–21, HWvL to H.V. Kaltenborn, 8 April 1939; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, undated April 1939 letter; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 18 April 1939. 31. HWvL, “Deliberate Reflections,” Greenwich Time, 21 August and 23 October 1939; Editorial “To Our Readers,” Greenwich Time, 22 August 1939; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to GWvL, 22 August 1939. 32. HWvL’s criticism on Chamberlain in his Greenwich Time “Deliberate Reflections” columns of 21, 23, and 28 March, 27 and 28 June 1939, 25 January, 18 March, and 10 April 1940; For his attacks on Hitler and Stalin, see, for instance, his columns of 23 and 30 August, 2, 5, 7, 12, 19 September, and 17 November 1939, 30 January, 23 February, and 7 June 1940. 33. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 426–427, 432–433. 34. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to unidentified person, 25 September 1939; HWvL, “Woe to the Conqueror!” Redbook Magazine 74.1 (November 1939): 15, 121–122; HWvL, “Empires Are Not Made, They Happen,” Omnibook Magazine 2.1 (December 1939): 3–4. 35. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 27 October 1939. 36. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 433–434; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 22 November 1939; SHSW, NBC Archives, Central Correspondence series, box 73, folder 35, HWvL to Phillips Carlin, 7 September 1939. 37. HWvL articles in Omnibook Magazine issues of April 1939 through January 1940, Redbook Magazine of November 1939, Survey Graphic of February 1939, The Rotarian of July and December 1939, and Current History of January 1940; HWvL introductions in Helen Augur, The Book of Fairs (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1939), xi–xvii, and in Konrad Heiden, The New Inquisition (New York: The Starling Press and Alliance Book Corporation, 1939), 9–16; HWvL, “America Looks at Europe’s War: We Will Have to Make A Choice,” Vital Speeches of the Day 6 (15 October 1939): 29–30; See also HWvL on democracy and liberty quoted in New York Times articles of 13 April and 10 August 1939. 38. Clifton Fadiman, ed., I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Certain Eminent Men and Women of Our Time (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939). Quotation, 302. Notes 311

39. HWvL’s essay in Fadiman, I Believe, 303–318. 40. HWvL and Grace Castagnetta, The Last of the Troubadours: The Life and Music of (1740–1795) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939); Reviews in The New Republic 100 (18 October 1939): 320, and New York Times Book Review, 31 December 1939; HWvL and Grace Castagnetta, The Songs America Sings (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939); Review in New York Times Book Review, 17 December 1939. 41. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 6, HWvL to Mary Sullivan, 24 July 1939; HWvL, The Story of the Pacific (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940); Reviews in New York Times Book Review, 30 June 1940; Boston Transcript, 13 July 1940; Commonweal 32 (23 August 1940): 372; Saturday Review of Literature 22 (6 July 1940): 6. 42. Frank Case, Do Not Disturb (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1940), 188; Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything,” The New Yorker, 20 March 1943: 24 and 3 April 1943: 24; Wythe Williams, “Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 20 March 1944: 3. 43. UIL, Jay N. Darling Papers, HWvL to unidentified person, 1 February 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 3–5, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 17 February 1939; ibid., box 17, folder 9, Jimmie to Lucie Tal, 3 February 1939. 44. COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 3–5, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 21 January 1939; GWvL, “Father Liked His Food,” Town & Country 106 (December 1952): 134, 136. 45. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 8, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 9 July and 19 August 1939; Van Loon’s remarks on the beneficial effects of the European immigrants on the cultural life of New York in John L. De Forest, “Stamford Given Important Role In Van Loon Book,” Stamford Advocate, 17 October 1940, 2. 46. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 27 October 1939; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 8, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 14 October 1939. 47. FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Papers, box 1765, HWvL to ER, 11 December 1939; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 19 and 20 December 1939; COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 18, to HWvL, 22 January 1940; HHPL, Post-Presidential Period, Individual Correspondence File, HWvL to Herbert Hoover, 21 December 1940; HWvL, “Van Loon’s Diary,” The New Leader: 15 May 1943. 48. “Interviewing Hendrik W. van Loon,” Greenwich Time, 3 January 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 22–25, HWvL to Scott Perky, 1 April 1940. 49. HWvL, “Deliberate Reflections,” Greenwich Time, 20 March and 9 April 1940; HWvL expressed his frustration about America’s not being able to help the Finns more actively in, for instance, his letters to Henri Mayer (COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 9, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 16 February and 12 March 1940), and to Franklin Roosevelt (FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 4 March 1940). 50. HWvL, “Deliberate Reflections,” Greenwich Time, 18 and 22 April, 18 and 22 May, 14 June 1940. 312 Notes

51. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 444–448. 52. Greenwich Time, 17 and 20 May 1940; New York Times, 16 and 17 May 1940; Muhlenberg Weekly, 10 May 1940. 53. “Van Loon ‘Reports’ Nazi Attack on N.Y.,” Greenwich Time, 11 April 1940. 54. Greenwich Time, 12 and 15 April 1940. 55. COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 6–8, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 14 August 1940; ibid., box 18, folder 22–25, HWvL to Maurice Hanline, 4 September 1940; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 24 September 1940. 56. HWvL, Invasion (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940). Quotation: 198–199. 57. COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 18 October 1940; LC, William Allen White Papers, Series C, box 348, William Allen White to HWvL, 4 October 1940; New York Herald Tribune Books, 27 October 1940; The Nation 151 (9 November 1940): 457; New York Times Book Review, 8 December 1940; Charles Poore, “Books of the Times,” New York Times, 11 October 1940; Fletcher Pratt, “U.S. Blitzkrieg, 1960,” Saturday Review of Literature 23 (16 November 1940): 13. 58. GWvL, Story, 346–347. 59. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 9, HWvL to Lucie Tal, 21 October 1940; ibid., box 18, folder 22–25, HWvL to Albert Einstein, 10 December 1940; ibid., box 7, folder 8, HWvL to GWvL, undated letter, probably of early 1941; Anne Morrow Lindbergh, The Wave of the Future: A Confession of Faith (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940). 60. “Americans were well-served by the coverage given to , the Nazi party, and the Third Reich in their magazines,” is the main conclusion of Michael Zalampas, Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in American Magazines, 1923–1939 (Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1989), quotation, 214; On the radio’s role of reporting on foreign affairs, see David Holbrook Culbert, News for Everyman: Radio and Foreign Affairs in Thirties America (Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press, 1976), passim, quotation: 203. 61. On Roosevelt’s short-of-war policy, see Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, chapter 15. 62. HU, b MS Am 1323 (3964), HWvL to Oswald Garrison Villard, 31 August 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Leon Shimkin, 2 September 1938.

14 The One-Man Army Division (1940–1941)

1. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 9 [sic, should be 10] May 1940; ibid., box 7, folder 3, HWvL to GWvL, 12 August 1941; GWvL, Story, 341–342; Hitler’s 10 May invasion of the Low Countries made Davis turn from an anti- interventionist into a supporter of Roosevelt’s foreign policy, now advocating an Anglo-American alliance and full hostilities against Germany. In 1942 he was appointed director of the newly established Office of War Information. Notes 313

On Elmer Davis, see David Holbrook Culbert, News for Everyman: Radio and Foreign Affairs in Thirties America (Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press, 1976), 125–152. 2. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 15 May 1940. 3. HWvL letter of 13 May 1940 in New York Herald Tribune, 15 May 1940, and included in Congressional Record 86 (1940), Congress 76, Session 3, Appendix 2973–2974; AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234, HWvL to Alexander Loudon, 18 May 1940. 4. COR, HWvLP, Diaries, entry 8 March 1939; LC, Benjamin W. Huebsch Papers, container 28, HWvL to Benjamin W. Huebsch, 20 February 1939. 5. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1938–1939, HWvL to FDR, 9 March 1939 and FDR to HWvL, 11 March 1939; COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 10, HWvL to H. Colijn, undated March 1939 letter. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 10, folder 10, HWvL to H. Colijn, 3 September 1939 and H. Colijn to HWvL, 6 September 1939; ibid., box 13, folder 16, HWvL to Juliana, 13 May 1940; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 13 May 1940, and M.A. LeHand to HWvL, 14 May 1940; ibid., Lorena Hickok Papers, box 17: Correspondence and Subject File, Folder HWvL, HWvL to Lorena Hickok, 26 May 1940. 7. FDRL, PSF, box 62, Folder Netherlands, FDR to Wilhelmina, 11 November and 19 December 1939, and 18 May 1940; ibid., Wilhelmina to FDR, 7 February and 20 May 1940; Cees Fasseur, Wilhelmina. Krijgshaftig in een vormeloze jas (Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Balans, 2001), 283–284. 8. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 9, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 16 January 1940; ibid., box 18, folder 22–25, HWvL to John Royal, 16 January 1940; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 13 May 1940; AMBZ, Washington, Gez./Amb. 1940–1952, box 194: P3 Queen Wilhelmina Fund, Inc. 1940–1941, HWvL to Alexander Loudon, 13 and 17 May 1940; Greenwich Time, 14 May 1940; New York Times articles on Dutch relief, 24 and 29 May 1940. 9. New York Times, 26 and 27 May, and 31 August 1940; HWvL leaflet I Come to You as a Beggar, Proud of My Mission in AMBZ, Washington, Gez./Amb. 1940–1952, box 194: P3 Queen Wilhelmina Fund, Inc. 1940–1941, enclosure to letter Candler Cobb to Alexander Loudon, 5 June 1940. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 22–25, HWvL to Marvin Lowenthal, undated mid-June 1940 letter; ibid., box 15, folder 11, HWvL to J.A.M. Meerloo, 24 August 1940. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 18, HWvL to Ruby Fuhr, 16 December 1929; FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1765, HWvL to ER, 16 June 1940. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 22–25, HWvL’s draft of Juliana’s speech; ibid., box 13, folder 17, complete released text of Princess Juliana’s radio address of 17 June 1940. In that same box and folder also a letter of Juliana’s secretary, Willem van Tets, dated 30 September 1942, to HWvL in which he described Juliana’s husband as “this rambunctious and energetic Prince.” 13. KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Juliana, 26 January and 2 February 1943. 314 Notes

14. LC, Stephen Bonsal Papers, container 3, HWvL to Stephen Bonsal, 27 June 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Otis Skinner, 29 May 1940; Similar complaints about “the abysmal stupidity of that government in London or the poor Queen who has locked herself up in a castle of haughty aloofness and non-comprehension” in HU, b MS Am 1323 (3964), HWvL to Oswald Garrison Villard, 31 August 1940; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 24 September 1940; J. Greshoff, Verzameld werk, 5 vols. (Amsterdam: Van Kampen, 1948–1950), 2: Het boek der vriendschap, 337–338. 15. HU, b MS Am 1323 (3964), HWvL to Oswald Garrison Villard, 31 August 1940; FDRL, Lorena Hickok Papers, box 17: Correspondence and Subject File, Folder HWvL, HWvL to Lorena Hickok, 26 May 1940. 16. COR, HWvLP, box 1, folder 11, Johan Fabricius to HWvL, 13 July 1940. 17. COR, HWvLP, box 1, folder 15, Johan Huizinga to HWvL, 15 August and 11 October 1940; See also J. Huizinga, Amerika Dagboek, 14 april–19 juni 1926, edited by Anton van der Lem (Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Uitgeverij Contact, 1993), 20. 18. NLMD, Collectie HWvL, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 24 April 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 16 December 1940; ibid., box 17, folder 9, Jimmie to Lucie Tal, 1 August 1940; ibid., box 64, Diaries, many entries 1940–1942 on van der Veen’s visits. 19. Adriaan van der Veen, “Strooi mijn as uit boven Zeeland,” NRC Handelsblad, 18 August 1972, Cultureel Supplement, 1; Robert Van Gelder, “Author at Home: Inside the Van Loon Household,” pages 53 and 55 of unidentified periodical, most likely from early 1941, in COR, HWvLP, box 27, folder 1; See for Adriaan van der Veen’s portraits of HWvL: De Baanbreker. Onafhankelijk weekblad voor socialistische politiek en cultuur 1.16–1.17 (20 October 1945): 2, Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, 12 January 1957 with an English translation of this article in Delta. A Review of Arts, Life and Thought in the Netherlands. Henry Hudson Number (September 1959), 47–51, and his memoir Vriendelijke vreemdeling (Amsterdam: Em. Querido’s Uitgeverij N.V., 1969), 31, 49–61, 122–136, 166–169, 185–187. 20. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 22 July 1940 and Edwin M. Watson to HWvL, 26 August 1940; HWvL, “Visa’ Delays in Vichy,” New York Times, 27 November 1940. 21. COL, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Special Manuscript Collection Meloney, HWvL to Marie M. Meloney, 22 August 1940; Van Wyck Brooks, New England: Indian Summer (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1940); COR, HWvLP, box 18, folder 22–25, HWvL to Van Wyck Brooks, 14 August 1940; ibid., box 1, folder 15, Van Wyck Brooks to HWvL, 8 September 1940. 22. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., A Life in the Twentieth Century: Innocent Beginnings, 1917–1950 (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000), 247; GWvL, Story, 344–345; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 11 November 1940; Notes 315

FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Stephen T. Early, 24 February 1941. 23. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 22 September 1940; FDRL, Diary and Itineraries, entry 22 September 1940; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 22 September 1940. 24. KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL radio address of 27 September 1940. 25. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Scott Perky, 2 October 1940; Anecdote on FDR election buttons told by Addison B.C. Whipple, a long time Greenwich resident and owner of HWvL’s house Nieuw Veere since 1953, author’s interview with Mr. Whipple, 24 October 1993; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 11 November 1940. 26. HWvL’s printed radio address of 10 November 1940, no. 18 in the series “Let’s Face the Facts” in FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1765; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 11 November 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 9, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 15 November 1940; ibid., box 13, folder 16, C. baron de Vos van Steenwijk to HWvL, 24 November 1940; ibid., box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 29 November 1940; ibid., box 11, folder 17, Albert Einstein to HWvL, 4 December 1940. 27. COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 16, ER to Juliana, 10 October 1940 and C. baron de Vos van Steenwijk to HWvL, 24 November 1940. 28. FDRL, Usher Books, entries 19 and 20 December 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 19 and 20 December 1940; ibid., box 15, folder 20, Edith Helm, secretary to ER, to Jimmie van Loon, 5 December 1940; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Edith Helm, 16 December 1940; FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1582, Jimmie to ER, 21 December 1940; Fasseur, Wilhelmina, 393–394. 29. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 9, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 15 November 1940; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 11 November 1940; GWvL, Story, 343–344. 30. FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1765, Jimmie to ER, undated letter but most likely 23 November 1940; ibid., HWvL to ER, 23 November 1940, and ER to HWvL, 3 December 1940. 31. AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: no. 234, HWvL April 1940–March 1944, HWvL to Alexander Loudon, 2 and 16 December 1940; Yale University Library, Sterling Memorial Library, Manuscripts and Archives, Decision Magazine Papers, HWvL to Klaus Mann, 1 December 1940. 32. AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: no. 234, HWvL April 1940–March 1944, HWvL to Alexander Loudon, 2 December 1940; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 11 November 1940; COR, HWvLP, box 65, 316 Notes

folder 61–73, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 26 November 1940; ibid., HWvL to Mr. Bright, 20 November 1940. 33. KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, copy of HWvL letter to the editor of the New York Herald Tribune, 15 November 1940. 34. HWvL, “How to Keep Sane in an Insane World,” Redbook Magazine 76.1 (November 1940): 38–39; HWvL, The Life and Times of Johann Sebastian Bach (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1940); Reviews of the book in New York Herald Tribune Books, 12 January 1941, New York Times Book Review, 12 January 1941, and The Etude 59 (August 1941): 519; COR, HWvLP, box 67, folder 4, Bea Moore to GWvL, 27 August 1964. 35. FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1765, HWvL to ER, 18 January 1941; ibid., Usher Books, entries 28 February and 3 March 1941; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 28 February through 2 March 1941; GWvL, Story, 350–351. 36. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 11 March 1941; ibid., ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1765, HWvL to ER, 30 January 1941 and ER to HWvL, 3 February 1941; ibid., box 1625, HWvL to ER, 27 January 1941 and ER to HWvL, 28 January 1941; ibid., PSF, box 62, Folder Netherlands, FDR to Juliana, 6 June 1941 and Juliana to FDR, 8 June 1941; Fasseur, Wilhelmina, 395. 37. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 1–4, HWvL to Maurice Hanline, 4 June 1941; HWvL, “Broadcasts to the Netherlands,” New York Herald Tribune, 13 December 1941; HWvL, “WRUL,” Current History 52 (May 1941): 22–23, 56; Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-II,” The New Yorker, 27 March 1943: 30; NIOD, Collectie Vrije Nederlandsche Omroep in Amerika, L.A. Ries to Chr. van Balen, 2 October 1941. 38. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 1–4, HWvL to , 9 April 1941. 39. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, 2 May 1941; ibid., box 14, folder 9–10, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 5 November 1941. 40. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 2 May 1941; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 10, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 21 May 1941. 41. Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-II,” The New Yorker, 27 March 1943: 30; Van Gelder, “Author at Home,” pages 52 and 54 of unidentified periodical, most likely from early 1941, in COR, HWvLP, box 27, folder 1; Leslie Hanscom, “A Half-Century of Simon and Schuster and Shimkin,” Newsday, 30 December 1973. 42. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 1–4, HWvL to Maurice Hanline, 4 June 1941; AMBZ, Washington, Gez./Amb. 1940–1952, box 194: P3 Queen Wilhelmina Fund, Inc. 1940–1941, HWvL to Board of Directors Q.W.F., 25 May 1941. 43. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 12 June 1941; GWvL, Story, 351–353; LC, Waldo Peirce Papers, container 14, Jimmie to Waldo Peirce, 4 August 1941. Notes 317

44. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 10, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 3 July 1941; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, HWvL to Maria Vasquez-Lopez, 8 May 1941; ibid., box 17, folder 7, HWvL to Mary Sullivan, 27 August and 16 September 1941; ibid., box 19, folder 1–4, HWvL to Harriet Durr, 8 October 1941; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 7 October 1941; LC, Stephen Bonsal Papers, container 3, HWvL to Stephen Bonsal, 30 August 1941. 45. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, GWvL to Rene Scudamore, 31 August 1941. 46. COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, GWvL to Rene Scudamore, 31 August 1941 and GWvL to HWvL, 17 February 1941. 47. HWvL’s letter to the editor published as “Case of Fadiman and Pegler Invokes ‘Abnormal Psychology,’ ” New York World-Telegram, 23 August 1941; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 9–10, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 26 August 1941 includes newspaper clipping of Westbrook Pegler’s reaction to HWvL in his column of that day; FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1765, HWvL to ER, undated August 1941 letter, and ER to HWvL, 30 August 1941. 48. LC, Stephen Bonsal Papers, container 3, HWvL to Stephen Bonsal, 5 November 1941; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 9–10, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 5 November 1941; ibid., box 19, folder 1–4, HWvL to Miriam Link, 30 October 1941. 49. On Leopold Abraham Ries (who was known as and published under the name of L.A. Ries), see E.W.A. Henssen, Een welmenend cynicus. Opkomst, val en eerherstel van Mr. L.A. Ries (Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bas Lubberhuizen, 1994), especially 148–154; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 13, HWvL to L.A. Ries, 23 July 1941; ibid., box 15, folder 13, Pierre van Paassen to HWvL, 13 October 1941. 50. Doris Kearns Goodwin, . Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 295, 297–298; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 7 December 1941. 51. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 1–4, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 18 December 1941, and to Attorney General Francis Biddle, 17 December 1941. 52. HWvL, “A Personal Primer of Democracy,” Weekly Magazine Section of The Christian Science Monitor, 13 December 1941, 2 and 13, and 20 December 1941, 3 and 13. 53. “Appeal for Boxes for French Captives,” New York Times, 28 October 1941; HWvL and Grace Castagnetta, Good Tidings (New York: American Artists Group, 1941). 54. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 7, Jimmie to Mary Sullivan, 30 December 1941; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 25 and 31 December 1941.

15 The Reincarnation of Erasmus (1942)

1. “Dutch Get 15 Years for Anti-Nazi Moves,” New York Times, 8 January 1942; Archief Kabinet der Koningin, 12 January 1942 no. 1, signed decision of Queen Wilhelmina to bestow Decoration of Knight in the Order of 318 Notes

the Netherlands Lion on HWvL, including 12 January 1942 letter of recommendation by the minister of Foreign Affairs; AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234, telegram Alexander Loudon to HWvL, 13 January 1942; “Queen Wilhelmina Honors American Author, Artist,” New York Times, 14 January 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 2, folder 13–18 contain congratulation telegrams and letters on HWvL’s sixtieth birth- day and his Dutch award; ibid., folder 16, Adriaan J. Barnouw to HWvL, 16 January 1942; It would last till 9 October, however, before the insignia of the Order of the Netherlands Lion were ceremoniously presented to van Loon by Ambassador Loudon at a dinner meeting in the Netherlands Club on Rockefeller Plaza. At that meeting, which was attended by 200 members of the Dutch community in New York, also Professor Barnouw received the same prestigious award. Ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 9 October 1942; “Win High Dutch Honor: Van Loon and Barnouw Receive Order of Netherlands Lion,” New York Times, 10 October 1942; a photo of Ambassador Loudon’s presentation of the Order of the Netherlands Lion to HWvL on 9 October 1942 is printed in the Knickerbocker Weekly, “HWvL Memorial Issue,” 27 March 1944: 13. 2. GWvL, Story, 358; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 14 January 1942; ibid., box 12, folder 8, Jimmie to Ruby Fuhr, 18 January 1942; Publishers’ Weekly, 24 January 1942: 269; Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-III,” The New Yorker, 3 April 1943: 30; “Homage to Hendrik van Loon,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 26 January 1942: 29. 3. Van Loon misremembered which artist illustrated the Basel edition of 1515; it was actually Hans Holbein the Younger. 4. COR, Ruth S.B. McDonald Papers, HWvL to Ruth S.B. McDonald, 28 October and 13 December 1941; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Stephen T. Early, 16 April 1942. 5. HWvL’s observations on his hands and nose as well as his blood relationship with Erasmus in Robert Van Gelder, “Author at Home: Inside the Van Loon Household,” page 55 of unidentified periodical, most likely from early 1941, in COR, HWvLP, box 27, folder 1; On van Loon’s picture of his hands, ibid., box 70, folder John L. De Forest, diary entry 10 May 1995; The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, With a Short Life of the Author by Hendrik Willem van Loon of Rotterdam Who Also Illustrated the Book, Published for the Classics Club (Roslyn, New York: Walter J. Black, 1942), 87. 6. The Praise of Folly, 3, 5–6. 7. Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-III,” The New Yorker, 3 April 1943: 33–34. 8. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 11, HWvL to GWvL, 2 April 1943. 9. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 1 April 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 66, folder 15, Walter S. Lemmon to GWvL, 2 November 1964; Ibid., box 1, folder 17, HWvL to unidentified Dutch friend, 16 February 1942. 10. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Stephen T. Early, 16 April 1942; HWvL’s quoted contributions to the Knickerbocker Notes 319

Weekly: “An Anniversary and a Picture,” 2 March 1942: 3; “To the Last Defenders of the Kingdom of the Netherlands,” 23 March 1942: 3; Seyss- Inquart cartoon, 21 September 1942: 11; Anton Mussert cartoon, 12 October 1942: 13; AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234, HWvL April 1940–March 1944, Alexander Loudon to HWvL, 24 March 1942; AMBZ, Washington, Gez./Amb. 1940–1952, box 194: P3 Queen Wilhelmina Fund, Inc. 1940–1941, 1942 Queen Wilhelmina Fund brochure. 11. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 1 April 1942 and Stephen T. Early to HWvL, 14 April 1942. 12. Knickerbocker Weekly “Free Netherlands” special issue for occupied Holland, distributed by the RAF. HWvL’s contribution on 10–11. 13. FDRL, PSF, box 62, Folder Netherlands, Wilhelmina to FDR, 15 and 23 April 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 17, cable Juliana to HWvL, 23 April 1942. 14. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Paul B. Sears, 21 May 1942; UIL, Jay N. Darling Papers, HWvL to Jay N. Darling, 30 May 1942. 15. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 21, Archibald MacLeish to HWvL, 6 March 1942; National Archives, Record Group 208, Records of the Office of War Information; Records of the Office of Facts and Figures, Alphabetical Subject File 1939–1942, box 6, Archibald MacLeish to Ulric Bell, 13 March 1942; ibid., Decimal File of the Director 1941–1942, box 7, Archibald MacLeish to HWvL, 30 March 1942. HWvL’s cables to MacLeish are not in the National Archives or in the HWvLP; COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to René Fülop-Miller, 1 July 1942, and HWvL to Morris Bishop, undated May 1942 letter. 16. COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 11–12, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 12 April 1942; GWvL, Story, 305, 353; In 1939 Zweig wrote Jimmie, “I am not sure, if you know how much I love and admire Hendrik.” COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 26, Stefan Zweig to Jimmie, 22 February 1939. 17. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 25 April 1942; ibid., box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Morris Bishop, undated May 1942 letter, and HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, 28 April 1942; ibid., box 17, folder 24, Alexandra L. Tolstoy to HWvL, 21 July 1942. 18. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 14, Jay N. Darling to HWvL, 26 May 1942; ibid., box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Samuel R. Gaines, 4 August 1942; Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft, eds., Twentieth Century Authors. A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature (New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1942), 1447. 19. UIL, Jay N. Darling Papers, HWvL to Jay N. Darling, 3 June 1942. 20. COR, HWvLP, box 25, folder 104, HWvL speech for ORT, “Let Us Turn Our Lumber-Yards Into Bonfires,” 18 November 1942; See also “Group Hatreds Here Scored by Van Loon,” New York Times, 19 November 1942. 21. FBI, HWvL Files, recorded at Department of State Visa Division as number 40–13197–1, and FBI memos of 29 April and 5 May 1942; ibid., memo John Edgar Hoover to Visa Division Department of State, 25 October 1941; ibid., Chicago File no. 100–2477, 28 February 1945, 13 and 14; Thomas Mann, 320 Notes

An die gesittete Welt. Politische Schriften und Reden im Exil (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1986), 385–388, 458–461. In HWvL’s FBI file, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, the names of the Kestens are blackened out, but they were kept intact on the related files at the State Department’s Visa Division. 22. The New Leader, 14 March 1942: 1; Editorial introduction to HWvL’s first article, The New Leader, 21 March 1942: 5, and editorial announcing “Van Loon’s Diary” on 6 March 1943: 8; HWvL’s articles were published in The New Leader of 21 March, 25 April, 2, 16, 23, and 30 May, 6, 20, and 27 June, 18 and 25 July, 1, 15, and 22 August, 5 and 19 September, 10 October, and 7 November 1942; 13 March, 3 and 10 April, 1 and 15 May, 5 June, 17 July, 7 and 28 August, 4, 11, and 25 September, 9 October, 20 and 27 November, 18 December 1943; 1 and 22 January, 19 February 1944. 23. HWvL in The New Leader, 16 May 1942: 5; 18 July 1942: 5, 7; “Van Loon at Stage Door Canteen,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 21 September 1942: 15; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, 9 September 1942. 24. HWvL in The New Leader, 6 June 1942: 7. 25. HWvL in The New Leader, 15 August 1942: 5; Mann, An die gesittete Welt, 388. 26. “Nazis Execute Van Loon’s Nephew,” The New Leader, 4 July 1942: 3; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 10 July 1942; GWvL, Story, 360. 27. Cees Fasseur, Wilhelmina. Krijgshaftig in een vormeloze jas (Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Balans, 2001), 397; Archief Kabinet der Koningin, HWvL to Juliana, 19 June 1942; FDRL, PSF, box 62, Folder Netherlands, Wilhelmina to FDR, 24 June 1942; Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time. Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 149. 28. NYPL, Dorothy Schiff Papers, box 64, folder Franklin D. Roosevelt, 21 October 1943 and 23 November 1981; William D. Hassett, Off the Record with F.D.R. 1942–1945 (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1958), 75–76; COL, Special Manuscript Collection Meloney, HWvL to Marie M. Meloney, 31 January 1942. 29. FDRL, PSF, box 62, Folder Netherlands, Juliana to FDR, 1 August 1942; “Queen Wilhelmina Will Arrive Today,” New York Times, 14 July 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 14 July 1942; ibid., box 15, folder 14, HWvL to L.A. Ries, 21 July 1942; COL, Oral History Collection, Reminiscences of George S. Van Schaick, 53–54; Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-III,” The New Yorker, 3 April 1943: 30. 30. According to the official invitation the meeting in Lee was scheduled on 30 July, a Thursday. In Jimmie’s diary and in her correspondence with GWvL, however, the trip to Lee and the tea party with the queen took place on Wednesday, 29 July 1942; Archief Kabinet der Koningin, George van Tets van Goudriaan to HWvL, 23 July 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 29 July 1942; ibid., box 7, folder 12, HWvL and Jimmie to GWvL, 30 July 1942. Notes 321

31. Queen Wilhelmina’s address on 6 August 1942 to the U.S. Congress in Cornelis A. van Minnen, ed., A Transatlantic Friendship. Addresses by Queen Wilhelmina, Queen Juliana and Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands to the Joint Sessions of the United States Congress (Middelburg: Roosevelt Study Center, 1992), 13–18; “The Queen’s State Visit to Washington,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 17 August 1942: 4–11. 32. Albert E. Kersten, “Wilhelmina and Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Wartime Relationship,” in Cornelis A. van Minnen and John F. Sears, eds., FDR and His Contemporaries: Foreign Perceptions of an American President (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992), 89–93; See also Fasseur, Wilhelmina, 399–401. 33. Erik Barnouw, A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 3 vols. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966–1970), 2: The Golden Web. 1933 to 1953, 129; COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 16, HWvL to Elmer Davis, 19 August and Elmer Davis to HWvL, 24 August 1942. 34. COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 18, HWvL to Maurice Hanline, undated letter, most likely of September or October 1942; HU, b MS Am 1803 (1797), folder 2, HWvL to George Sarton, 16 November 1942. 35. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 16, HWvL to Elmer Davis, 2 November and Elmer Davis to HWvL, 6 November and 5 December 1942. 36. NIOD, Collectie Vrije Nederlandsche Omroep in Amerika, inventory; NLMD, Collectie HWvL, HWvL to Henri Mayer, 24 September 1929 and HWvL to Jan Greshoff, 27 September 1929; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 11 October 1942; Jan Greshoff, “Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Vrij Nederland, 14 December 1949; J. Greshoff, Verzameld werk, 5 vols. (Amsterdam: Van Kampen, 1948–1950), 2: Het boek der vriendschap, 334–345; J. Greshoff, Menagerie. Herinneringen en beschouwingen (’s-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij A.A.M. Stols, 1958), 146–147, 160. 37. COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 14, HWvL to L.A. Ries, 21 July 1942; AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234, HWvL April 1940–March 1944, HWvL to Alexander Loudon, 6 August 1942, and to Adriaan Pelt, 18 August 1942; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, undated letter, most likely of 4 September 1942. 38. COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 13, HWvL to Stephen T. Early, 19 April 1942; ibid., box 17, folder 7, HWvL to Mary Sullivan, 6 April 1942; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 15 June 1942; NYPL, H.L. Mencken Papers, box 110, HWvL to H.L. Mencken, 8 July 1942; AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234, HWvL April 1940–March 1944, HWvL to Alexander Loudon, 16 August 1942; Van Wyck Brooks to Lewis Mumford, 15 January 1942, in Robert E. Spiller, ed., The Van Wyck Brooks-Lewis Mumford Letters. The Record of a Literary Friendship, 1921–1963 (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1970), 208; J. Greshoff, “Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 20 March 1944: 38; Adriaan van der Veen, Vriendelijke vreemdeling (Amsterdam: Em. Querido’s Uitgeverij N.V., 1969), 57; HU, 322 Notes

b MS Am 1803 (1797), folder 2, HWvL to George Sarton, 16 November 1942; Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-I,” The New Yorker, 20 March 1943: 31. 39. UIL, Jay N. Darling Papers, HWvL to Jay N. Darling, 5 August 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 16, folder 15, HWvL to George Saville, 13 August 1942; ibid., box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Henry Schindall, 4 September 1942. Emphasis in original. 40. KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 15 and 19 June 1942; AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234, HWvL April 1940–March 1944, HWvL to Alexander Loudon, 16 August 1942, and HWvL to Adriaan Pelt, 18 August 1942; ibid., Essandess compliments card to HWvL, dated 12 August 1942, with ad in Publishers’ Weekly of 8 August 1942 and “From the Inner Sanctum of Simon and Schuster” flyer on Van Loon’s Lives. 41. HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942). 42. HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives, xviii, 5, 22, 28, 801. 43. Quotations on Jefferson in HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives, 855, 860, 883. 44. HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives, 355, 431, 456–457, 467, 577, 668, 881. 45. HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives, 676, 691–692, 696, 699–701. 46. HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives, 418. On Robespierre and Hitler see 361, 368, 382, 387, 395. 47. FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Letters, box 1765, HWvL to ER, 30 August 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 65, folder 61–73, GWvL to Rene Scudamore, 31 August 1941; ibid., box 10, folder 1, Morris Bishop to HWvL, 22 August 1942, italics of “are” mine; ibid., box 17, folder 12, Van Wyck Brooks to HWvL, 6 September 1942; ibid., box 14, folder 1, Thomas Mann to HWvL, 30 August 1942. 48. Reviews of Van Loon’s Lives in: The New Yorker, 12 September 1942: 69–70; New York Times, 19 September 1942; New York Times Book Review, 20 September 1942; See also the reviews in the Saturday Review of Literature 25 (26 September 1942): 11; New York Herald Tribune Books, 20 September 1942; The Christian Science Monitor, 19 December 1942; The New Leader, 17 October 1942: 4. 49. Atlantic Monthly 170 (November 1942): 144; Catholic World 156 (December 1942): 361; American Historical Review 48 (January 1943): 300–301. 50. “What America is Reading,” New York Herald Tribune Books, 25 October, 22 November, and 27 December 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Paul Sears, 23 September 1942: Correspondence from readers of Van Loon’s Lives in ibid., box 2, folder 19–20 and 22; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR, 16 October 1942. 51. HWvL and Grace Castagnetta, Christmas Songs (New York: American Artists Group, Inc., 1942) and The Message of the Bells (Garden City, New York: Garden City Publishing Company, 1942); LC, Elmer H. Davis Papers, container 1, HWvL to Elmer Davis, 15 December 1942; HU, b MS Am 1803 (1797), folder 2, HWvL to George Sarton, 16 November 1942; HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives, 888. Notes 323

52. KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, undated letter, most likely of 4 September 1942; NLMD, Collectie HWvL, HWvL to Adriaan J. Barnouw, 19 November 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 15, HWvL to L.A. Ries, 15 December 1942. 53. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 6 and 8, HWvL to GWvL, undated 1942 letters; GWvL, Story, 361. 54. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 9, HWvL to GWvL, undated 1942 letter; ibid., box 65, folder 61–73, GWvL to HWvL, undated 1942 letter; ibid., box 70, folder John L. De Forest, diary entry 26 October 1942; The Praise of Folly, 4. 55. GWvL, Story, 361–362; COR, HWvLP, box 9, folder 33, HWvL to Alice Bernheim, undated 1942 letter. 56. GWvL, Story, 362–363. 57. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 16, HWvL to Elmer Davis, 29 September 1942, and Elmer Davis to HWvL, 7 October 1942; GWvL, Story, 363–365. 58. COR, HWvLP, box 59, R-53 audio tape, 24 December 1942, WNCA “Christmas Eve Message” and text of radio speech in box 25, folder 105. 59. “Hendrik Willem van Loon: Historian, Biographer, Artist, Musician,” New York Herald Tribune Books, 8 November 1942; House and Garden 82 (July 1942): 61; New York Times, 15 and 22 November 1942, respectively, mentions van Loon as a speaker at an Advertising Club luncheon meeting launching the Netherlands Committee of Russian War Relief, and as one of the writers addressing an audience of children and adults in a packed New York Times Hall as part of Children’s Book Week. 60. Whit Burnett, ed., This Is My Best (New York: The , 1942), 697–708 (HWvL’s text on Beethoven that was earlier published in HWvL, The Arts (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1937), 516–530), flap text, xi, xiii, 1165.

16 Living on Borrowed Time (1943–1944)

1. HWvL, “The Lasting Treasures,” Tomorrow 2.4 (December 1942): 29–31; Isaac Anderson, “Notes on Books and Authors,” New York Times, 14 February 1943. 2. FDR’s address at the dedication of the Jefferson Memorial in Samuel I. Rosenman, ed., The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 13 vols. (New York: Random House, The Macmillan Company, and Harper and Brother, 1938–1950), 12: 162–164; HWvL, (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1943), 25–30, 32, 89. 3. Ellen Lewis Buell, “Mr. Van Loon’s ‘Greatest American,’ ” New York Times Book Review, 18 April 1943; The New Yorker, 29 May 1943: 70; Other reviews in Weekly Book Review, 11 April 1943: 8, and Knickerbocker Weekly, 3 May 1943: 12–13. 4. Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything,” The New Yorker, 20 March 1943: 24–31; 27 March 1943: 24–30; and 3 April 1943: 24–28, 30, 33–34; J. Greshoff, Verzameld werk, 5 vols. (Amsterdam: Van Kampen, 1948–1950), 324 Notes

2: Het boek der vriendschap, 336; J. Greshoff, “Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 20 March 1944: 38. 5. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 11, HWvL to GWvL, 2 April 1943; ibid., box 19, folder 10–12, HWvL to S. Levitas, associate of The New Leader, undated 1943 letter. 6. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-III,” The New Yorker, 3 April 1943: 26; Boyer, “The Story of Everything-I,” The New Yorker, 20 March 1943: 24; COR, HWvLP, box 17, folder 14, HWvL to Madge Fuertes, 7 July 1943; ibid., box 15, folder 16, HWvL to L.A. Ries, 24 June 1943. 7. The Connecticut Cookbook, Being a Collection of Recipes From Connecticut Kitchens, Equally Adapted for Wartime and Peacetime, Compiled by the Woman’s Club of Westport and Illustrated by Connecticut Artists (1943; New York and London: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1944), viii; Introduction in What’s More, We Like It (Greenwich, CT: The Greenwich Tuberculosis Association, 1943), see review in New York Times, 4 May 1943; Florence Brobeck, Cook It In a Casserole (New York: M. Barrows and Company, 1943), 7, 57–58; HWvL, The Life and Times of Scipio Fuhlhaber (New York: The Louvaine Press, 1943); GWvL, Story, 370; COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 11, HWvL to GWvL, 3 January 1943; ibid., box 16, folder 20, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, undated 1943 letter. 8. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 12, HWvL to GWvL, 6 November 1943; ibid., box 7, folder 11, HWvL to GWvL, 3 January 1943; ibid., box 7, folder 10, Josa Morgan to GWvL, 13 March 1943, and Rene Scudamore to GWvL, 31 March 1943; ibid., box 7, folder 14, HWvL to GWvL, undated 1943 letter; GWvL, Story, 366–368. 9. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 15 April, 7 June, 5 and 8 September, and 31 December 1943; SUL, Henry Goddard Leach Papers, HWvL to Henry G. Leach, 28 October 1943. 10. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 12, Jimmie to GWvL, 29 October 1943; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entries 30 and 31 October 1943; Thomas Mann, Tagebücher, 1940–1943, herausgegeben von Peter de Mendelssohn (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1982), 644–645; Greshoff, Verzameld werk, 2: Het boek der vriendschap, 336; J. Greshoff, Menagerie. Herinneringen en beschouwingen (’s-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij A.A.M. Stols, 1958), 160. 11. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Fiorello La Guardia, 27 December 1942; ibid., box 17, folder 20, Fiorello La Guardia to HWvL, 30 December 1942. 12. FDRL, PSF, box 62, Folder Netherlands, FDR to Bernhard, 12 October 1943. 13. COR, HWvLP, box 13, folder 17, Juliana to HWvL, 1 January and 13 February 1943; KHA, file A52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, Jimmie to Juliana, 31 March 1943 and HWvL to Juliana, 2 and 20 May 1943. 14. AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234-A, HWvL May 1943–October 1943, Alexander Loudon to the Dutch govern- ment in London, 8 June 1943, Adriaan Pelt to N.A.C. Slotemaker de Bruïne, Notes 325

19 July 1943, N.A.C. Slotemaker de Bruïne to Alexander Loudon, 31 August 1943, draft letter by L.A. Ries, 2 October 1943, N.A.C. Slotemaker de Bruïne to Adriaan Pelt, 6 October 1943. 15. COR, HWvLP, box 2, folder 23, Willem van Doorn, president of the Queen Wilhelmina Fund, Inc., to HWvL, 23 June 1943, and Emil Schram to HWvL, 25 June and 1 July 1943; ibid., box 2, folder 23, New York Committee of the National War Fund press release, 14 July 1943; ibid., box 64, Diaries, entry 9 September 1943; ibid., box 2, folder 24, Agenda and Minutes of Luncheon Meeting United Nations Relief Wing, 9 September 1943, and Emil Schram to HWvL, 7 January 1944; “Van Loon Aids War Fund,” New York Times, 14 July 1943; “Queens Boys Get War Bonds From van Loon in Fund Contest,” New York Times, 20 November 1943; FDRL, ERP no. 100, Personal Letters, box 1765, HWvL to ER, 23 December 1943. 16. FDR’s Annual Message to Congress of 6 January 1941 in Rosenman, The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 9: 663–672; On Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms and the successful pictorial representation by Norman Rockwell, see Stuart Murray and James McCabe, Norman Rockwell’s Four Freedoms: Images that Inspire a Nation (Stockbridge, MA: Berkshire House Publishers, 1993); COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 10–12, HWvL to Jacob Billikopf, 14 June 1943 and undated July 1943 letter. 17. HWvL, “Van Loon’s Diary,” The New Leader, 17 July 1943: 5, and 11 September 1943: 4; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947), 18. 18. HWvL, “Van Loon’s Diary,” The New Leader, 13 March 1943: 5; 3 April 1943: 5; 1 May 1943: 4; 4 September 1943: 3; 25 September 1943: 4. 19. HWvL, “Van Loon’s Diary,” The New Leader, 10 April 1943: 3; 1 January 1944: 5; and 19 February 44: 5. 20. HWvL, “Van Loon’s Diary,” The New Leader, 5 June 1943: 4. 21. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 11, HWvL “Memorandum to go with the Creamed Crabmeat,” 27 March 1943, most likely addressed to the editor of The New Leader. 22. HWvL, The Life and Times of Simon Bolivar (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1943), Foreword, 87, 141, 146. 23. UIL, Jay N. Darling Papers, HWvL to Jay N. Darling, 16 November 1943; COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 10–12, HWvL to Van Wyck Brooks, 14 December 1943. 24. Reviews of Simon Bolivar in The New Yorker, 4 December 1943: 136; Saturday Review of Literature 26 (25 December 1943): 7; Weekly Book Review, 14 November 1943: 6; New York Times Book Review, 2 January 1944; Commonweal 39 (19 November 1943): 121; COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 13, HWvL to Alfred C. Howell, 14 February 1944; FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to FDR’s secretary, 5 January 1944. 25. “Medina Urges U.S. to Aid ,” New York Times, 28 January 1944; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 28 January 1944; LC, Stephen Bonsal Papers, container 4, HWvL to Stephen Bonsal, 1 February 1944. 26. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 1–19; GWvL, Story, 369. 326 Notes

27. COR, HWvLP, box 1, folder 15, Van Wyck Brooks to HWvL, 8 September 1940; ibid., box 17, folder 12, Van Wyck Brooks to HWvL, undated July 1943 letter; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, 73, 81; LC, Elmer H. Davis Papers, container 1, HWvL to Elmer H. Davis, 30 August 1943; COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 14, HWvL to GWvL, undated 1943 letter; ibid., box 16, folder 20, HWvL to Rene Scudamore, undated 1943 letter; ibid., box 13, folder 20, Jimmie to Marvin Lowenthal, 25 March 1944; See also HWvL’s reports on his progress with Report to Saint Peter in KHA, file A-52-xxb-30: Correspondence with HWvL 1940–1944, HWvL to Willem van Tets, 2 and 15 September 1943; FDRL, ERP no. 100 Personal Papers, box 1702, HWvL to ER, 9 October 1943; COR, Louis A. Fuertes Papers, box 17, folder 14, HWvL to Madge Fuertes, 7 October 1943; UIL, Jay N. Darling Papers, HWvL to Jay N. Darling, 16 November 1943. 28. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Paul B. Sears, 21 May 1942; HWvL, Van Loon’s Lives (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942), 274, 276; As the records of New York’s Unitarian Church of All Souls testify, already back in 1924 van Loon had become a member of the All Souls Chapter of the Unitarian Laymen’s League and in February 1925 addressed the Chapter on “Tolerance,” the topic of the book he was working on at that time. The following years there is no evidence of van Loon’s involvement until on Laymen’s Sunday, 17 May 1942, when all parts of the regular morning service were taken by members of All Souls Chapter of the Laymen’s League, van Loon delivered the sermon on “History and Leadership.” Unfortunately, there is no record left of the text of his sermon. In December that year an attempt at formalizing van Loon’s membership of the Unitarian Church by his receiving the Right Hand of Fellowship in a ceremony, failed as a conse- quence of van Loon’s being not in time for the event. Though it was no fault of his own, van Loon felt mortified at his being too late and promised Neale to be there next time when new members were accepted. He was convinced, he wrote, that committing his act of faith in public was the right thing for him to do and he added, “With all the scared intellectuals running into the protective arms of the dear (not to me) mother Church, those of us who still have the courage to stand on our own feet ought to establish this fact as clearly and unmistakenly as they can.” Unitarian Church of All Souls Archives, Rev. Laurance I. Neale Collection, HWvL Files, correspondence between HWvL and Lawrence I. Grinnell, May 1924, and announcement HWvL lec- ture on “Tolerance,” 2 February 1925; ibid., Laurance I. Neale to HWvL, 1 and 9 December 1942 and HWvL to Laurance I. Neale, 8 and 11 December 1942; COR, HWvLP, box 14, folder 11–12, HWvL to Elizabeth Marion, Unitarian Church of All Souls program of Laymen’s Sunday, 17 May 1942. 29. HWvL, “This I Believe,” The Christian Register 122.4 (April 1943): 117–118, reprinted in October 1943 as publication no. 369 of the American Unitarian Association in Boston, nowadays called the Unitarian Universalist Association. 30. On the presentation of the Netherland–America Foundation Medal to Princess Juliana, including the texts of the speeches delivered on that occa- sion, see Knickerbocker Weekly, 17 January 1944: 8–9, 33, and 24 January Notes 327

1944: 26–28; COR, HWvLP, box 15, folder 11, HWvL to J.A.M. Meerloo, 24 December 1943; ibid., box 7, folder 17, HWvL to GWvL, 9 and 15 January 1944. 31. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 14 January 1944; ibid., box 19, folder 13, HWvL to Scott Perky, 14 January 1944. 32. COR, HWvLP, box 19, folder 13, HWvL to Maria Vasquez-Lopez, 21 February 1944. 33. LC, Stephen Bonsal Papers, container 4, HWvL to Stephen Bonsal, 1 February 1944; HWvL, “Every Man a Historian,” The Rotarian 64 (May 1944): 11. 34. COR, HWvLP, box 7, folder 17, HWvL to GWvL, 12, 17, and 18 February 1944; HWvL, Adventures and Escapes of Gustavus Vasa and How They Carried Him from His Rather Obscure Origin to the Throne of Sweden (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1945); Reviews in the Saturday Review of Literature 28 (10 November 1945): 74; and New York Times Book Review, 19 August 1945. 35. LC, Elmer H. Davis Papers, container 1, HWvL to Elmer H. Davis, 4 January and 9 March 1944; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 10 March 1944; HWvL, Report to Saint Peter, ix. 36. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries, 1, 5, 24, 28 February and 3 March 1944; ibid., box 7, folder 17, HWvL to GWvL, 7 February 1944; ibid., box 13, folder 20, HWvL to Marvin Lowenthal, 7 March 1944; ibid., box 15, folder 18, HWvL to L.A. Ries, 7 March 1944. 37. HWvL, “Well Done, Knickerbocker,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 28 February 1944: 3. 38. GWvL, Story, 372–373; COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entry 11 March 1944; ibid., box 13, folder 20, Jimmie to Marvin Lowenthal, 25 March 1944; HWvL’s prediction to speak his final words in Dutch like Erasmus had done when facing death, in ibid., box 19, folder 5–9, HWvL to Carlton F. Wells, 4 April 1942, and in Richard O. Boyer, “The Story of Everything-III,” The New Yorker, 3 April 1943: 34; On Erasmus’s deathbed scene, see J. Huizinga, Verzamelde Werken, 9 vols. (Haarlem: H.D. Tjeenk Willink en Zoon, 1948–1953), 6: 178.

Epilogue

1. FDRL, PPF 2259, Folder HWvL 1940–1944, FDR to Mrs. HWvL, 11 March 1944 (FDR’s condolence was also published in the New York Times of 14 March 1944); ibid., ERP no. 100 Personal letters, box 1749, ER to Mrs. HWvL, 29 March 1944. 2. AMBZ, Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb. 1940–1953, box 18: 234, HWvL April 1940–March 1944, Alexander Loudon to Jimmie, 11 and 15 March 1944; Cable Juliana to Mrs. HWvL, in COR, HWvLP, box 3, folder 2. 3. Condolence telegrams and letters in COR, HWvLP, box 3, folders 1–22. 4. Knickerbocker Weekly, “Hendrik Willem van Loon Memorial Issue,” 27 March 1944. 328 Notes

5. William E. Bohn, “The Faith of van Loon,” The New Leader, 18 March 1944: 11; See also Harry D. Gideonse, “Hendrik Willem van Loon On the Side of the Angels,” The New Leader, 25 March 1944: 6; Obituaries in the Saturday Review of Literature 27 (18 March 1944): 14; Publishers’ Weekly, 18 March 1944: 1201 and 1225; Time, 20 March 1944: 75; Newsweek, 20 March 1944: 8; The Nation 158 (25 March 1944): 360–361; Survey Graphic, April 1944: 214–215; Scholastic 44 (1 May 1944): 22; The Horn Book 20 (May 1944): 193–198. 6. COR, HWvLP, box 64, Diaries, entries 18 March, 3, 4, 13, and 14 June 1944; New York Times, 26 March 1944 on Broekman’s musical tribute; On the launching of the Liberty Ship Hendrik Willem van Loon, see Knickerbocker Weekly, 26 June 1944: 16 and 25, and 10 July 1944: 27; FDRL, Usher Books, entries 3 and 4 June 1944. 7. “Van Loon Will Probated,” New York Times, 12 April 1944; GWvL, Story, 375–376; COR, HWvLP, box 66, folder 8, GWvL to Pete Foster, 1 April 1957; “Mrs. Van Loon Is Dead,” New York Times, 9 November 1958; Author’s interview with Henry B. van Loon, 8 January 1994. 8. HWvL, Report to Saint Peter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947); COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 14, Transcript of CBS broadcast sent by Thomas L. Stix to Jimmie, 27 February 1947; ibid., box 63, folder 32, Transcript of 1 March 1947 CBS interview with Jimmie; Reviews of Report to Saint Peter in The New Yorker, 15 March 1947: 118; Saturday Review of Literature 30 (15 March 1947): 17; New York Herald Tribune Weekly Book Review, 16 February 1947: 2; New York Times Book Review, 23 February 1947; The Knickerbocker, May 1947: 16; FDRL, ERP, Speech and Article File, box 3149, folder January–April 1947, “My Day,” 2 April 1947. 9. HWvL, The Story of the Bible (New York: Bell Publishing Company, 1985); HWvL, The Life and Times of Rembrandt (New York: Bantam Books, 1957); HWvL, The Arts (New York: Liveright, 1974); HWvL, The Story of Mankind (New York: Liveright, 1999); HWvL, História da Humanidade (Pôrto Alegre, Brasil: Livraria do Globo, 1944); HWvL, Tolerancia (Buenos Aires: Editorial Claridad, 1945); HWvL, Die Geschichte der Menschheit (Zürich: Rascher Verlag, 1947); HWvL, Rembrandt. Der Überwirkliche. Ein biographischer Roman (Zürich: Rascher Verlag, 1946); HWvL, Amerika. Der Roman eines Landes (Berlin: Verlag des Druckhauses Tempelhof, 1949); HWvL, La conquête des mers. Histoire de la navigation (Paris: Payot, 1947); HWvL, La con- quista de los mares. Historia de la navegación (Mexico: Editorial Diana, 1948); HWvL, Historia del Pacifico (Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Ercilla, 1948); HWvL, Storia del Pacifico (Milano: Bompiani, 1948); HWvL, La vida y la época de Simon Bolivar (Buenos Aires: Editorial Americales, 1945); HWvL, Gustav Vasa. Fahrten und Abenteuer (Wien: Humboldt Verlag, 1948); HWvL, La vite di van Loon (Milano: Bompiani, 1947); HWvL, Pioniers der vrijheid (Den Haag, 1947); HWvL, Uit het leven en de tijd van Johann Sebastian Bach (Den Haag: Servire, 1949); HWvL, Verslag aan Petrus (Den Haag: Servire, 1951; HWvL’s papers at Cornell University include translations of his books in Notes 329

Greek, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Icelandic, Polish, Tschech, Hungarian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Hebrew, COR, HWvLP, box 30–33. 10. “Story of Mankind Unravels at Paramount,” New York Times, 9 November 1957; film review in Variety 208 (23 October 1957): 6 and ad on 16; film review in London Times, 25 November 1957; publicity pictures for Warner Brothers’ movie The Story of Mankind in COR, HWvLP, box 57; Dirk van Loon, Van Loon Family Correspondence, Henry B. van Loon to Arthur Pell, 21 April 1976. 11. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., “Introduction,” in HWvL, The Story of America (New York: Fawcett World Library, 1959), vii, x; Joan Shelley Rubin, The Making of Middlebrow Culture (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992), 264–265. 12. COR, HWvLP, box 11, folder 9, HWvL to Jimmie, 24 June 1933; COL, Oral History Collection, Reminiscences of Ben W. Huebsch, vol. 3, 402–404; NYPL, Theatre Collection, Photographs B File, Photo of HWvL in front of NBC microphone while making “doodles” and caption on backside of the photo about his making sketches everywhere and almost continuously, 20 February 1939. 13. Knickerbocker Weekly, 27 March 1944: 3; “Dutch Grants Available,” New York Times, 13 February 1955; On the effort to establish a HWvL museum in Veere: Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, 12 January 1957, and ZA, Collectie Stichting Hendrik Willem van Loon. 14. On the Hendrik Willem van Loon Sailing Day, see Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, 9 July 1997; “Top 100,” De Groene Amsterdammer, 16 December 1998, 58–59. 15. GWvL, Story; COR, HWvLP, box 67, folder 17, GWvL to L.G. van Loon, 28 August 1967; ibid., box 66, folder 11, GWvL to Frances Goodrich, 17 October 1958; ZA, Correspondence Stichting Hendrik Willem van Loon, Zus Hanken to Dirk Roosenburg, 22 May 1957. 16. Dirk van Loon, Van Loon Family Correspondence, Henry B. van Loon to Dirk van Loon, 13 February 1983, and Henry B. van Loon to Arthur Pell, 21 April 1976; Author’s interview with Henry B. van Loon, 8 January 1994; COR, HWvLP, box 67, folder 12, GWvL to Mary Tully, 23 September 1972. 17. Morris Bishop, “Frankly Van Loon,” Cornell Alumni News 75 (October 1972): 33; Adriaan van der Veen’s review in NRC Handelsblad, 18 August 1972, Cultureel Supplement, 1. 18. Carl Van Doren in Knickerbocker Weekly, 27 March 1944: 7; J. Greshoff, “Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 20 March 1944: 38; Van Wyck Brooks, An Autobiography (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1965), 379, 391–392. 19. COL, Oral History Collection, Reminiscences of Abram Chasins, Radio Unit, no. 11, 49; Schlesinger, “Introduction,” in HWvL, The Story of America, vii; Arthur Schlesinger Jr. to Cornelis A. van Minnen, 3 December 1993, in author’s collection. 330 Notes

20. COR, HWvLP, box 3, folder 21, Christy Walsh to Jimmie, 13 March 1944; ibid., box 66, folder 2, GWvL to Burke Boyce, 9 January 1965; ibid., box 66, folder 8, GWvL to Clifton Fadiman, 26 August 1952. 21. Wythe Williams, “Hendrik Willem van Loon,” Knickerbocker Weekly, 20 March 1944: 15. 22. Maurits Dekker, “Hendrik Willem van Loon. Een persoonlijke herinnering,” in NLMD, Collectie M. Dekker. Bibliography

This bibliography is divided into the following sections: manuscript collections, main publications by Hendrik Willem van Loon, and a selected list of books.

Manuscript Collections

Archief Kabinet der Koningin, The Hague, The Netherlands ● Koninklijke onderscheidingen H.W. van Loon, 1937 en 1942 Archief Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, The Hague, The Netherlands ● Archief A. Loudon (Washington), 1940–1945 ● Washington, Gez./Amb., 1940–1952 ● Washington, Pers Afd. Gez./Amb., 1940–1953 Columbia University, New York City Butler Library, Rare Book and Manuscript Library: ● Manuscript Collection Coudert, Sr. ● Manuscript Collection Edman ● Manuscript Collection M.L. Schuster ● Manuscript Collection Simon ● Manuscript Collection Steffens II ● Special Manuscript Collection Keppel ● Special Manuscript Collection Meloney ● Special Manuscript Collection Random House ● The Survey Art Files Butler Library, Oral History Collection: ● Reminiscences of ● Reminiscences of Abram Chasins ● Reminiscences of Marion Dickerman ● Reminiscences of Ben W. Huebsch ● Reminiscences of H.V. Kaltenborn ● Reminiscences of George S. van Schaick ● The Book-Of-The-Month Club Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Carl A. Kroch Library, Rare and Manuscript Collections: ● Eugene P. Andrews Papers 332 Bibliography

● Carl L. Becker Papers ● George Lincoln Burr Papers ● Lane Cooper Papers ● Cornell Era Miscellany, 1917, 1919, Randall J. LeBoeuf, Jr. ● Louis Agassiz Fuertes Papers ● Charles Henry Hull Papers ● Carl E. Ladd Papers ● Benjamin F. Levy Papers ● Ruth S.B. McDonald Papers ● Jacob Gould Schurman Papers ● Harry G. Stutz Papers ● Hendrik Willem van Loon Papers ● Andrew Dickson White Papers Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Maryland ● H.L. Mencken Collection Gemeentearchief Rotterdam, The Netherlands ● Holland–America Line Passage delen, Eastbound ● Holland–America Line Passenger Lists 1900–1940 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Houghton Library: ● b MS Am 1323 (3964): Correspondence Hendrik Willem van Loon with Oswald Garrison Villard, 1919–1942 ● b MS Am 1803 (1797): Correspondence Hendrik Willem van Loon with George Sarton, 1915–1942 ● b MS Am 1925 (1829): Correspondence Hendrik Willem van Loon with Houghton Mifflin Company, 1921–1928 Historisch Documentatiecentrum voor het Nederlands Protestantisme, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands ● Archief H. Colijn Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, Iowa ● Herbert Hoover Papers, Post-Presidential Period, Individual Correspondence File: Hendrik Willem van Loon, 1939–1942 ● Herbert Hoover Papers, Post-Presidential Period, Subject File: Belgian–American Educational Foundation, Inc. Koninklijk Huisarchief, The Hague, The Netherlands ● Archief Prinses Juliana Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Manuscript Division: ● Stephen Bonsal Papers ● Elmer Holmes Davis Papers ● Roy Wilson Howard Papers ● Benjamin W. Huebsch Papers Bibliography 333

● Gertrude Battles Lane Papers ● Waldo Peirce Papers ● Theodore Roosevelt Papers ● Hendrik Willem van Loon Papers ● William Allen White Papers Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division: ● Hendrik Willem van Loon Broadcast Recordings ● NBC Masterbooks Music Division: ● Harold Bauer Collection ● Walter Damrosch Collection Nationaal Archief, The Hague, The Netherlands ● Archief Gezantschap in de Verenigde Staten van Amerika, 1814–1940 ● Archief P.S. Gerbrandy ● Archief J. Loudon, 1866–1955 ● Archief Ministerie voor Algemene Oorlogvoering van het Koninkrijk, 1940–1945 ● Archief Nederlandse Overzee Trustmaatschappij, 1914–1919 ● Familie-archief Cremer National Archives, College Park, Maryland ● Records of the Office of War Information; Records of the Office of Facts and Figures Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ● Collectie H.W. van Loon ● Collectie Vrije Nederlandsche Omroep in Amerika Nederlands Letterkundig Museum en Documentatiecentrum, The Hague, The Netherlands ● Collectie A.J. Barnouw ● Collectie M. Dekker ● Collectie H.W. van Loon ● Collectie A. van der Veen New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, New York City Manuscripts and Archives Division: ● The Century Collection ● Fiorello H. La Guardia Papers ● H.L. Mencken Papers ● Dorothy Schiff Papers ● Theatre Collection ● Hendrik Willem van Loon Miscellaneous Papers Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Massachusetts The Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America: ● Eliza Bowditch van Loon Papers 334 Bibliography

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum, Hyde Park, New York ● Lorena Hickok Papers: Correspondence and Subject File ● Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers: Diary and Itineraries ● Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers: President’s Personal File ● Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers: President’s Secretary’s File ● Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers: Usher Books ● Eleanor Roosevelt Papers: Personal Letters ● Eleanor Roosevelt Papers: Speech and Article File State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin ● National Broadcasting Company Archives, Central Correspondence Series: Hendrik Willem van Loon Files Syracuse University Library, Syracuse, New York Department of Special Collections: ● David Henry Dietz Papers ● Fred C. Kelly Papers ● Henry Goddard Leach Papers ● Dorothy Thompson Papers Unitarian Church of All Souls Archives, New York City ● Rev. Laurance I. Neale Collection: Hendrik Willem van Loon Files University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa Special Collections Department: ● Jay N. Darling Papers University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Van Pelt Library, Special Collections Department: ● Theodore Dreiser Collection ● Horace B. Liveright Collection ● Lewis Mumford Collection U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Federal Bureau of Investigation: ● Files on Hendrik Willem van Loon and Eliza Helen Criswell van Loon P. van der Veen, Oostkapelle, The Netherlands ● Collectie Hendrik Willem van Loon Dirk van Loon, Liverpool, Nova Scotia, Canada ● Van Loon Family Correspondence Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut Sterling Memorial Library, Manuscripts and Archives: ● Decision Magazine Papers, 1940–1942 Zeeuws Archief, Middelburg, The Netherlands ● Collectie Hendrik Willem van Loon ● Collectie Familie Moussault Bibliography 335

● Letters from Hendrik Willem van Loon and Helen Criswell van Loon to Erik “Din” Smit, 1928–1952 ● Collectie Stichting Hendrik Willem van Loon

Main Publications by Hendrik Willem van Loon

(in chronological order; for his innumerable articles and illustrations in newspapers and periodicals, his chapters, introductions, prefaces, forewords, and illustrations in publications by others, as well as translations of his books in other languages, see the references in the chapter notes) The Fall of the Dutch Republic (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1913). The Rise of the Dutch Kingdom (Garden City, New York: Double Day, Page and Company, 1915). The Golden Book of the Dutch Navigators (New York: The Century Company, 1916). A Short History of Discovery (Philadelphia: David McKay, 1917). Ancient Man: The Beginning of Civilizations (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1920). The Story of Mankind (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1921). The Story of the Bible (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1923). The Story of Wilbur the Hat (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1925). Tolerance (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1925). The Story of America (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1927). Adriaen Block: Skipper, Trader, Explorer (New York: Block Hall, Inc., 1928). Life and Times of Pieter Stuyvesant (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1928). Man the Miracle Maker (New York: Horace Liveright, 1928). R.v.R.: The Life and Times of Rembrandt van Rijn (New York: Horace Liveright, 1930). To Have or To Be—Take Your Choice (New York: The John Day Company, 1932). Van Loon’s Geography: The Story of the World We Live In (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1932). An Elephant Up a Tree (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1933). An Indiscreet Itinerary or How the Unconventional Traveler Should See Holland (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933). Air-Storming (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1935). Around the World with the Alphabet (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1935). Ships and How They Sailed the Seven Seas (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1935). A World Divided Is a World Lost (New York: Cosmos Publishing Company, 1935). How I Came to Publish with Essandess. Published for the New York Times National Book Fair (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936). The Songs We Sing (with Grace Castagnetta) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936). The Arts (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1937). Christmas Carols (with Grace Castagnetta) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1937). June 16th, 1937. A broadcast delivered on that day over the networks of the National Broadcasting Company (New York: National Broadcasting Company, 1937). 336 Bibliography

Observations on the Mystery of Print and the Work of Johann Gutenberg. Published for the New York Times Second National Book Fair (New York: Book Manufacturers’ Institute, 1937). Folk Songs of Many Lands (with Grace Castagnetta) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1938). How to Look at Pictures. A Short History of Painting (New York: National Committee for Art Appreciation, 1938). Our Battle (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1938). The Last of the Troubadours: The Life and Music of Carl Michael Bellman (1740–1795) (with Grace Castagnetta) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939). My School Books (Wilmington, Delaware: E.I. DuPont De Nemours and Company, 1939). The Songs America Sings (with Grace Castagnetta) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939). Invasion (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940). The Life and Times of Johann Sebastian Bach (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1940). The Story of the Pacific (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1940). Good Tidings (with Grace Castagnetta) (New York: American Artists Group, 1941). Christmas Songs (with Grace Castagnetta) (New York: American Artists Group, 1942). The Message of the Bells (with Grace Castagnetta) (Garden City, New York: Garden City Publishing Company, 1942). The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, With a Short Life of the Author by Hendrik Willem van Loon of Rotterdam Who Also Illustrated the Book. Published for the Classics Club (Roslyn, New York: Walter J. Black, 1942). Van Loon’s Lives (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1942). Thomas Jefferson (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1943). The Life and Times of Scipio Fuhlhaber (New York: The Louvaine Press, 1943). The Life and Times of Simon Bolivar (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1943). Adventures and Escapes of Gustavus Vasa (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1945). Report to Saint Peter (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947).

A Selected List of Books

(for the numerous articles on Hendrik Willem van Loon—including the reviews of his works—in newspapers and periodicals, as well as the many other articles used for this book, see the references in the chapter notes) Aafjes, Bertus, De wereld is een wonder (Amsterdam: J.M. Meulenhoff, 1959). Altick, Richard D., Lives and Letters: A History of Literary Biography in England and America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966). Altschuler, Glenn C., Andrew D. White: Educator, Historian, Diplomat (Ithaca, New York and London: Cornell University Press, 1979). The American Academy of Arts and Letters, The National Institute of Arts and Letters. Publication no. 179 (New York: The American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1958). Avent, John M., ed., Modern Essays (Boston and New York: Allyn and Bacon, 1924). Bailey, Thomas A., The Policy of the United States towards the Neutrals, 1917–1918 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1942; reprint New York: Arno Press, 1979). Bibliography 337

Bainton, Roland H., George Lincoln Burr: His Life (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1943). Bak, Hans, Malcolm Cowley: The Formative Years (Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1993). Balthazar, H. et al., eds., Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden, 15 vols. (Haarlem: Fibula-Van Dishoeck, 1977–1983). Barnouw, Adriaan J., Monthly Letters on the Culture and History of the Netherlands (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1969). Barnouw, Erik, A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 3 vols. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966–1970). Beard, Charles A., Hitlerism and Our Liberties (New York: The New School for Social Research, 1934). Beard, Charles A., ed., Whither Mankind: A Panorama of Modern Civilization (New York, London, and Toronto: Longmans, Green and Company, 1928). Beard, Charles A. and Mary R. Beard, The Rise of American Civilization, 2 vols. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1927). Berg, A. Scott, Lindbergh (New York: Berkley Books, 1999). Berkel, K. van, ed., Amerika in Europese ogen. Facetten van de Europese beeldvorming van het moderne Amerika (Den Haag: SDU Uitgeverij, 1990). Biow, Milton H., Butting In: An Adman Speaks Out (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, 1964). Bishop, Morris, A History of Cornell (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1962). Blake, Casey Nelson, Beloved Community: The Cultural Criticism of Randolph Bourne, Van Wyck Brooks, Waldo Frank, and Lewis Mumford (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1990). Bourne, Randolph, History of a Literary Radical and other Essays (New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1920). Brinkley, Alan, Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982). Brooks, Van Wyck, An Autobiography (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1965). Brooks, Van Wyck, New England: Indian Summer (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1940). Bryce, James, The American Commonwealth, 2 vols. (New York: Macmillan Company, 1888). Buhite, Russell D., and David W. Levy, eds., FDR’s Fireside Chats (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992). Burnett, Whit, ed., This Is My Best (New York: The Dial Press, 1942). Case, Frank, Do Not Disturb (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1940). Case, Frank, Tales of a Wayward Inn (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1938). Codel, Martin, ed., Radio and Its Future (New York and London: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1930). Cooney, Terry A., Balancing Acts: American Thought and Culture in the 1930s (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995). Cowen, Philip, Memories of an American Jew (New York: The International Press, 1932). Cowley, Malcolm, ed., After the Genteel Tradition: American Writers 1910–1930 (1936; Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1964). 338 Bibliography

Cowley, Malcolm, Exile’s Return: A Narrative of Ideas (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1934). Craig, Douglas B., Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1920–1940 (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000). Culbert, David Holbrook, News for Everyman: Radio and Foreign Affairs in Thirties America (Westport, Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press, 1976). de Jong, L., Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, 13 vols. (Den Haag: Staatsuitgeverij, 1969–1988). de Vries, Joh., ed., Herinneringen en dagboek van Ernst Heldring (1871–1954) (Utrecht: Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, 1970). Dinnerstein, Leonard, Antismitism in America (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994). Douglas, Ann, Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995). Drennan, Robert E., ed., The Algonquin Wits (New York: Carol Publishing Group Edition, 1995). Durant, Will, Philosophy and the Social Problem (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1917). Durant, Will, The Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the Great Philosophers of the Western World (New York: A Touchstone Book published by Simon and Schuster, 1983). Durant, Will and Ariel, A Dual Autobiography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1977). Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth, The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982). Fadiman, Clifton, ed., I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Certain Eminent Men and Women of Our Time (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939). Fadiman, Clifton, Reading I’ve Liked (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1941). Fagel, Pieter, Zeven eeuwen Veere (Middelburg: Den Boer Uitgevers, 1983). Fasseur, Cees, Wilhelmina. Krijgshaftig in een vormeloze jas (Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Balans, 2001). Fels, Samuel S., This Changing World: As I See Its Trend and Purpose (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1933). Frey, Raymond, William James Durant: An Intellectual Biography (Lewistown, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991). Fritchman, Stephen H., Men of Liberty: Ten Unitarian Pioneers (Boston: The Beacon Press, 1944; reprinted Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1968). Gijsen, Marnix, De loopgraven van Fifth Avenue. De oorlogsjaren in New York (Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1980). Gilmer, Walker, Horace Liveright: Publisher of the Twenties (New York: David Lewis, 1970). Glazer, Nathan and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City (Cambridge: MIT Press and Harvard University Press, 1963). Goodwin, Doris Kearns, No Ordinary Time. Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994). Bibliography 339

Greshoff, J., Menagerie. Herinneringen en beschouwingen (’s-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij A.A.M. Stols, 1958). Greshoff, J., Verzameld werk, 5 vols. (Amsterdam: Van Kampen, 1948–1950). Gunther, John, Inside Europe (New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1936). Hagedorn, Hermann, ed., The Works of Theodore Roosevelt, Memorial Edition, 24 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923–1926). Harpprecht, Klaus, Thomas Mann: Eine Biographie (Reinbeck: Rowohlt Verlag, 1995). Hassett, William D., Off the Record with F.D.R. 1942–1945 (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1958). Heald, Morrell, Transatlantic Vistas: American Journalists in Europe, 1900–1940 (Kent, Ohio and London: Kent State University Press, 1988). Heilblut, Anthony, Exiled in Paradise: German Refugee Artists and Intellectuals in America, from the 1930s to the Present (New York: Viking Press, 1983). Henssen, E.W.A., Een welmenend cynicus. Opkomst, val en eerherstel van Mr. L.A. Ries (Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bas Lubberhuizen, 1994). Herbst, Jurgen, The German Historical School in American Scholarship. A Study in the Transfer of Culture (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1965). Hobson, Fred, Mencken: A Life (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994). Hohenberg, John, Foreign Correspondence: The Great Reporters and Their Times, second edition (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1995). Howes, Raymond F., ed., Our Cornell (Ithaca, New York: The Cayuga Press, 1939). Hoyt, Edwin P., Alexander Woollcott: The Man Who Came to Dinner (Radnor, Pennsylvania: Chilton Book Company, 1973). Huizinga, J., America: A Dutch Historian’s Vision, from Afar and Near, translated by Herbert H. Rowen (New York: Harper and Row, 1972). Huizinga, J., Amerika Dagboek, 14 april–19 juni 1926, edited by Anton van der Lem (Amsterdam, Antwerpen: Uitgeverij Contact, 1993). Huizinga, J., Verzamelde Werken, 9 vols. (Haarlem: H.D. Tjeenk Willink en Zoon, 1948–1953). Johnson, Gerald W., Frank R. Kent, H.L. Mencken, Hamilton Owens, The Sunpapers of Baltimore (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1937). Karsner, David, Sixteen Authors to One. Intimate Sketches of Leading American Story Tellers (1928; Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1968). Kennedy, David M., Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999). Kersten, Albert, Buitenlandse Zaken in ballingschap. Groei en verandering van een ministerie 1940–1945 (Alpen aan den Rijn: A.W. Sijthoff, 1981). Ketchum, Richard M., The Borrowed Years 1938–1941: America on the Way to War (New York: Random House, 1989). Krabbendam, Hans, The Model Man: A Life of Edward William Bok, 1863–1930 (Amsterdam-Atlanta, Georgia: Rodopi, 2001). Krabbendam, Hans and Larry J. Wagenaar, eds., The Dutch-American Experience: Essays in Honor of Robert P. Swierenga (Amsterdam: VU Uitgeverij, 2000). 340 Bibliography

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(n indicates item appears in note)

ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), 192 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 2, 10, 155, 169, Adriaen Block: Skipper, Trader, Explorer (van 188, 211, 236, 257, 263 Loon), 116 Bailey, Thomas, 63 Air-Storming (van Loon), 157 Baltimore, MD, 78, 80, 90–2, 107, 124, 235 Algemeen Handelsblad, 41, 48, 95, 112–13, 118 Baltimore Sun, 83–7 Altick, Richard D., vi Barnouw, Adriaan J., xiv, 3, 219, 231, America, The Story of (van Loon), 100, 239, 262 102–4, 263 Beard, Charles A., 77–8, 81, 105, 110, 169 American Church of the Ascension, Munich, Beard, Mary, 81 33, 36 Becker, Carl, 164 American Commonwealth, The, 17, 41 Beebe Lake, 20 “American Letters” (van Loon), 96–7 behaviorism, van Loon’s contempt for, 120 American Library Association, 142 Belgenland, SS, 130–1 Amherst College, 38 , 35, 98, 233 Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 22, 46–9, 57, Bellman, Carl Michael, 2, 189 68, 87, 96, 110, 117, 121–4, 126–9, “The Butterflies at Haga,” 2 132, 140, 148, 176, 213, 234, Bell-Robinson, Esther, 14, 18, 96, 184 247, 264 Bergh, Coba de, 55 Ancient Man (van Loon), 64, 68–9 Berlin, Germany, 22, 28, 47, 103, 120, 127, Anderson, Sherwood, 64, 107 177, 182 , xi, 73, 75–8 Bernheim, Alice, 109, 110, 111, 113–14, anti-Semitism, 27, 29, 30, 31, 118, 124, 117, 123–4, 126, 131–2, 151, 182, 211 182–4, 211, 213, 226, 266 Better Homes and Gardens, 150 Around the World With the Alphabet (van Bishop, Morris, 52–3, 54, 75, 78, 79, 237 Loon), 158–9, 164 Black, Walter J., 220 Arts, The (van Loon), 161, 165, 169–73, Blok, P.J., 34–5, 42 235, 242, 252, 263 Blood, Charles H., 61–2 Associated Press, 23, 25, 27–9, 31–2, 35, Bolshevism, 32, 65, 250 46–8, 58, 256, 272n5 Boni and Liveright, 64, 93, 117, 128, 131–2 New York City bureau, 23, 25 Bonsal, Stephen, 253 St. Petersburg bureau, 27, 28, 29 Bookman, The, 64, 77 Washington bureau, 26–7 Book-of-the-Month Club, 106, 141, 170 Atlantic Charter, 249–50, 251 Boston, MA, 21–2, 26, 30, 35–6, 42, 44–5, Atlantic Monthly, 115, 145, 153, 238 60–1, 69, 77–8, 101, 106, 206, 208 Authors’ Guild, 205, 208 Bourne, Randolph, 56 van Loon’s election as president, 175 Bowditch, Eliza Ingersoll (Lily), see van Aylesworth, M.H., 122 Loon, Eliza Ingersoll (Lily), Bowditch I NDEX 345

Bowditch, Fanny, 27, 35, 38, 41 Cornell University, xi, 9, 14–15, 19, 119, Bowditch, Henry Pickering, 21, 25, 26, 27, 183, 207, 222 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38 van Loon as lecturer at, 43–4, 50, 52–5 Bowditch, Selma Knauth, 21, 22, 25, 26, 31 Cosmos Club, 41 Boyer, Richard O., 221 Cowley, Malcolm, 59, 173 negative profile of van Loon in The New Creel, George, 55, 56 Yorker, 244–5 Creel committee, 55–6, 64 Brooklyn, NY, 21, 210 Cremer, Jacob Theodoor, 63, 64, 67 Brooks, Van Wyck, 75, 97, 101, 148, 169, Criswell, Eliza Helen (Jimmie), see van Loon, 179, 181–2, 206, 219, 237, 242, Eliza Helen (Jimmie) Criswell 253–4, 261, 266 Cummings, E.E., 64 Broun, Heywood, 61, 117, 140 Cunard Line, van Loon’s lecture tour on, Bryan, William Jennings, 50, 90 151–2 Bryce, James, 17, 41, 271n1 Buck, Pearl S., 262 Darling, Jay N. “Ding,” 225–7, 234–5, 252 Burr, George Lincoln, 14, 16–17, 20–2, Darrow, Clarence, 90 25–8, 30–1, 34–5, 42–4, 46, 48, 50, Das Neue Tage-Buch, 176 54, 60, 65, 70, 74, 76, 96, 98, 100, Davis, Elmer H., 147, 199, 232–3, 241, 139–40, 142–3, 153, 156, 273nn7–8, 258, 261 273n12, 273n19 De Amsterdammer, 96 de Bergh, Coba, 55 Calvin, John, 113 Debs, Eugene V., 120, 146 Calvinism, 11, 32, 112–13, 200, 202 De Groene Amsterdammer, 117, 122–5 Cambridge, MA, 21, 27, 38 De Haagsche Dameskroniek, 113 Case, Frank, 89, 189 De Haagsche Post, 156 Castagnetta, Grace, 1, 155, 177, 179, 189, De Houtuin, 110–12, 264, 290nn4–5 209, 211–12, 215, 218–19, 239, 242, Dekker, Maurits, xiv, 267 246, 257 “Deliberate Reflections,” 185–6 collaboration with van Loon, 164, 173 de Ruyter, Michiel, 18 Catholicism, see Roman Catholic Church de Vries, Theun, 143 Cayuga Lake, 18 Dewey, John, 105, 147 CBS, 167, 199, 262, 294–5n41 Dial, The, 64, 74, 241 Century Magazine, 46, 51–2, 64 Diary of Anne Frank, The, 114 Chamberlain, Neville, 186 Dixwell, Fanny Bowditch, 41 Chicago Daily News, 78, 195 Dmowski, Roman, 29 Chicago Record, 42 Dodd Mead, 243 Christianity, 11–12, 20, 30 Dos Passos, John, 62, 129, 148, 242 Christian Register, The, 255 Doty, Douglas, 46, 47 Christian Science Monitor, 172, 218, 292n15 Dreiser, Theodore, 64, 84, 107, 242 Christmas Carols (van Loon-Castagnetta), 173 Dresden, Germany, 21 Christy Walsh Syndicate, 73 Duma (Russian Parliament), 32 Churchill, Winston, 192 Durant, Will, 81, 104, 107, 132 “civilization,” and outline craze, 105–6 Dutch community in America, van Loon Codman, Katy, 47, 49, 50, 57, 60 and, 255–6 Colijn, Hendrik, 200 Colorado Springs, CO, 38 Earhart, Amelia, 148, 152 Columbia University, 3, 38, 103, 231 Early, Stephen, 206, 220, 222, 234 Conant, James B., 175 East Aurora, NY, 20 Copland, Aaron, 148 Einstein, Albert, 130–1, 172, 176, 178, 181, Cornell Law School, 16 194, 209, 261 346 I NDEX

Elephant Up a Tree (van Loon), 149–50 Goodwin, Betty, 168 Eliot, T.S., 55, 64 Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 217 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, vi, 2 Göttingen, Germany, 33 Erasmus, Desiderius, 2, 10, 13, 95–6, 100–1, Gouda, the Netherlands, 13 107, 140, 145, 188, 245, 260, 264, 267 Great Britain, 49, 89, 115, 180, 186, 192, van Loon’s connection to, 219–42 203, 213 Evening Sun, 80, 90 declaration of van Loon as persona non Everybody’s Magazine, 64 grata, 53 evolution theory, 89–91 Great Depression, 12, 124–5, 141–2, 145, anti-evolution movement, 89–91 161, 166, 184 Greenslet, Ferris, 42–3, 74, 94 Fabricius, Johan, 204 Greenwich Time, 182, 186, 190, 191–2, Fadiman, Clifton, 140, 188, 216, 237, 261 309n23 Fall of the Dutch Republic, The Greenwich Village, 59–70 (van Loon), 41–3 Greshoff, Jan, 2, 204, 233–4, 245, 247, 266 Farley, James, 163 Gustavus Vasa (van Loon), 258 Father Coughlin, 157, 186, 187 Faulkner, William, 64, 242, 281n18 Hackett, Albert, 114 Fighters for Freedom series, 254, 258 Hagedorn, Hermann, 27, 62 Fight for Peace, The, 177–8 Hague, The, the Netherlands, 12–14, 16, 18, , 191 34–5, 48–9, 57, 95, 99, 103, 110–11 fireside chats, 166, 186–7 Hall, Janet, see van Loon, Janet Hall Ford, Henry, 85, 211 Halle, Germany, 33, 36 Four Freedoms, 249–50, 251 Hanfstaengl, Edgar, 33–4 France, 23, 52–3, 99–100, 102–5, 107, 110, Hanfstaengl, Ernst Sedgwick (Putzi), 34, 35 113–14, 117, 120–1, 148, 157, 180, Hanken, Henri, 13, 92 186, 202, 205, 265 Hanken, Jan, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 34, 35, 116 writers stranded in, during WWII, 205–6 Hanken, Sarah (Aunt Sally) Parker, 13, 14, Franconia, SS, 151–3, 189 16, 17, 18 Frank, Waldo, 101–2 Hansen, Harry, 78 Franklin, Dwight, 66, 69 Harcourt, Alfred, 73, 193 Freeman, The, 77, 129 Harper’s, 99 Fuertes, Louis Agassiz, 31, 64, 79, 98 Harrap Mercury, The, 150 Fuhr, Ruby, 1, 120, 122, 125, 129, 140, 142, Harvard Cosmopolitan Club, 35, 274–5n6 149, 151, 169, 179, 187, 203 Harvard University, 17, 20–1, 22, 23, 34, 38, fundamentalists, attacks on van Loon, 175, 233 89–90, 94–6 Hassett, William D., 230 Hearst, William Randolph, 118, 153–4, 229 Garrett, John W., 57 Heidelberg, Germany, 33 Gedempte Botersloot, Rotterdam, 8 Hemingway, Ernest, 64, 242 Germany, 21–2, 32–8, 49, 52, 56, 63, 65, Henry Esmond (Thackeray), 14 86–7, 112, 115, 122, 157, 176–7, Het Centrum, 95 180–1, 185–6, 190, 193–4, 205, 217 Het Vaderland, 95, 204 Godfrey, Marcel, 128, 133–5, 168 Hickok, Lorena, 104, 201, 208 Goebbels, Joseph, 176, 185 Hitler, Adolf, see van Loon, Hendrik Willem: Golden Book of the Dutch Navigators, The anti-Hitler campaign (van Loon), 54 Hoffman, Helen, 148–9, 151–3, 219 Goodrich, Frances, see van Loon, Frances Hoffman, Ruth, 148–9, 219 Goodrich Holland, see Netherlands, the Good Tidings (van Loon and Castagnetta), 218 Holland–America Line, 15, 35, 38, 56 I NDEX 347

Holland Club, Munich, 35 Khan, Genghis, 32, 83, 186 Holland Society, 211 Kingsford-Smith, 126–7, 151–2, 295nn43–4 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 41, 148 Kipling, Rudyard, 83 Holy Roman Empire, 11 Knickerbocker Weekly, 3, 222, 224, 259, 261, Hoover, Herbert, 140–1, 145, 191, 237, 261 265–6 Hoover, J. Edgar, 228 Koch, Charles, 92, 127 Hopkins, Harry, 212 Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, see Houghton Mifflin, 42, 44, 74, 94 Royal Library, The Hague House of a Thousand Fears, 8 Koninklijk Huisarchief (Royal Archives), The Howard, Lila, 99–100 Hague, xiv Howard, Roy W., 139, 147 Kremlin, Moscow, 28 Hughes, Langston, 242 Kristallnacht, 182–3 Huizinga, Johan, 95, 204 Kroch Library, Carl A., Cornell University, Hull, Charles H., 23 xiii Hull, Cordell, 178 Kühlmann, R. Baron von, 57 “HvL,” 84–7, 89–92, 271n1 “HvL” (Martindale), 84–5 Ladies’ Home Journal, 59, 279nn1–2 Hyde Park, NY, xiii, xv, 146, 162, 208, 212, La Guardia, Fiorello H., 1, 148, 158, 163, 230, 232, 248 176, 180, 213, 231, 241, 247, 262 Lake Starnberg, Munich, 35 I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Certain Lansing, Robert, 53 Eminent Men and Women of Our Time, Last of the Troubadours, The (van Loon and 188–9 Castagnetta), 189 Ickes, Harold, 192 Le Hand, Missy, 162 Indiscreet Itinerary or How the Unconventional Leipzig, Germany, 33 Traveler Should See Holland (van Loon), Leipzig University, 33 149 Lemmon, Walter, 212–13 Invasion (van Loon), 192–3 Lend-Lease bill, 212 Ithaca, NY, 17, 20–3, 25, 35, 55, 61–2, 70, Leuchtenburg, William E., 64, 90 76, 80 Lewis, Sinclair, 66, 73, 75, 84, 89, 102, Ithaca News, 23 107, 242 It’s a Wonderful Life, 114 Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., xiii Life and Times of Johann Sebastian Bach (van Jamaica Plain, MA, 21, 25, 26 Loon), 211, 263 Japikse, Nicolas, 42 Life and Times of Pieter Stuyvesant (van Jazz Age, 106 Loon), 103, 109–10, 115–16 Jews, 190, 210–11 Life and Times of Simon Bolivar (van Loon), fundraising for relief of European Jews, 252–3 190–1 Lindbergh, Charles, 187, 211 refugees in America, 177, 182–4 Lippman, Walter, 83, 140, 148 and Russian pogroms, 29 Literary Guild of America, 106–7, 126, van Loon’s view of, 27, 30–1, 124, 175, 177 128, 141 Juliana, princess of the Netherlands, see Literary Review, The, 77 Princess Juliana Liveright, Horace, 93, 97, 150 London, England, 3, 14, 47–8, 80, 89, 92, Kaltenborn, H.V., 1, 35, 181, 186, 194, 219, 99, 110, 120, 135, 180, 200–1, 203, 256, 262, 274–5n6 212, 217, 248–9, 259, 263 Kaulbachstrasse, Munich, 35 Long Island Sound, 168 Kennedy, David, 184 Loudon, Alexander, 1, 200–1, 203, 210, 219, Kesten, Hermann, 227 223, 231, 248, 256, 261 348 I NDEX

Loudon, John, 57, 173 Nation, The, 42, 49, 61, 64–5, 77, 98–9, Lowell, A. Lawrence, 38 104, 106, 140, 147, 181, 194, 262 Lowenthal, Marvin, 167 National Education Association, 142 Loyola, St. Ignatius, 25 Nazi propaganda, 178 Lucatelli, Luigi, 2 NBC, radio broadcasts, 122, 156–7, 165–8, Ludwig, Emil, 168 177, 179, 185–6, 208 Luftwaffe, 10, 195 Neale, Laurance I., 1–2, 255 Luther, Martin, 36 Nederlands Letterkundig Museum, The Lutheran Church, 11, 235 Hague, xiv Netherland–America Foundation, The, 3, MacLeish, Archibald, 225, 261 201, 255 Mad Hatter, 65, 70, 74–5 Netherlands Oversea Trust Company, 63 “Mad Hatter Mutterings,” 66, 74, 279n2 Netherlands, the, 1–3, 16, 27, 34, 38, 42–9, Mann, Thomas, 157, 178, 193, 194, 204, 54–6, 60, 67, 87, 92–3, 96–7, 118, 219, 227–8, 247, 261 167–8, 220, 223–4, 229, 253, 259, Man the Miracle Maker (van Loon), 115 261, 264–7 Martindale, Max, 84–5 aid to, 210–11 Marx, Karl, 32 German invasion of, 199–218 van Loon on, 120–1 negative press regarding, 63–4 Masson, Thomas L., 93–4 Netherlands Information Bureau, 2, 217, Mayer, Henri, 141, 169, 190, 213, 215 231, 233–4, 248 McCormick, Robert, 229 neutrality of, 51, 52, 56 McDonald, Ruth, 220 Netherlands News Digest, 2 Medina, Isaias, 253 Neutrality Act (1937), 187 “Meet the Commentator,” 153–4 New Deal, 156–7, 161, 169 Mencken, H.L., 61, 76, 78, 83–5, 90–4, 98, New Haven Railroad, 1 100–1, 107, 118, 128, 152, 161, 242 New Leader, The, van Loon’s contribution to, Middelburg, the Netherlands, xiii, 13, 92–3, 228–30, 250–2, 262 95, 110–11, 120, 127, 148, 195 New Republic, The, 51, 76–7, 130, 181 Middelburgsche Courant, 95, 120 , 89 Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 62, 242 New York City, 1, 23, 98, 123, 125, 146, Miller, Dora, 118–20 210, 229–30, 241, 254 Milton, John, 2 van Loon in, 139–59 Montaigne, Michel de, 95, 100, 188, 236–7 New Yorker, The, 101–2, 189, 221–2, 231, Moore, Anne Carroll, 77, 262 234, 237, 244–5, 262 Morgan, Bayard Quincy, 45 New York Evening Post, 114, 129, 145, 151, Morgan, Josa, 1, 45, 74–5, 240–1, 246, 259 153 Moscow, Russia, 28, 64, 140, 163, 180 New York Herald Tribune, 2, 100, 115, Muhlenberg College, van Loon’s honorary 139–40, 145, 153, 156, 170, 173, degree from, 192 194–5, 199, 211–12, 238, 242 Multiplex Man, see Man the Miracle Maker New York Public Library, xiii, xv, 77, 262 (van Loon) New York Sun, 23 Mumford, Lewis, 66, 77–8, 81, 97, 101, New York Times, 2, 42, 49–51, 53, 57, 77, 129, 194 93, 98, 100–1, 103–4, 113, 115, 121, Munich, Germany, 33–8, 41, 110, 180, 195 130, 132, 149, 152–3, 156, 158, 164, van Loon in, 33–8 172, 177, 180, 182, 194, 202, 205, Museum of the Knowledge of This Earth, 211, 219, 237, 242, 253, 263, 267 Rotterdam, 10 Book Review, 129, 189, 194, 238, 244 Mussolini, Benito, 180 New York Tribune, 64 My Life as Author and Editor (Mencken), 84 Niagara Falls, NY, 20 I NDEX 349

Nicholas II, czar of Russia, 32 race, van Loon’s views on, 124–5, 143 Nieuw Amsterdam, SS, capture of, 47–8 radios, Nazi confiscation of, 248 Nieuw Veere, xiii, 135, 168, 199–200, RCA, 166 204, 208, 215, 218–20, 222, Recht, Charles, 113, 114 225, 234, 241–2, 246–7, Red Scare, 64, 67 254, 262 religion, van Loon and, 11–12, 254–5 Noordam, SS, 38, 56–7 Rembrandt van Rijn, 18, 45, 61, 69, 98, 110, Noorthey, 14, 18, 37, 231 115, 116–17, 122, 125–6, 128–31, Norway, 87, 191, 193, 212, 230 149, 164, 225, 263 Report to Saint Peter (van Loon), 10, 14, 37, Odessa, Russia, 28 90, 250, 254, 262–3 Old Greenwich, CT, xiv, 1, 37, 135, 168, Rhodes, June Hamilton, 146 185, 208 Ridderzaal, The Hague, 18 O’Neill, Eugene, 64, 107, 242 Ries, L.A., 2, 217, 231, 234, 239, 245, Oosterhout, the Netherlands, 37 247–9, 259 Order of Orange Nassau, 167 Rise of American Civilization, The (Beard), Order of the Netherlands Lion, 219, 105, 106 317–18n1 Rise of the Dutch Kingdom, The Our Battle (van Loon), 181–2, 193 (van Loon), 44, 50 outline craze, 81–2, 105–6 Rise of the Dutch Republic (Motley), 41 Outline of History (Wells), 77–8, 80 Roelvink, Herman, 22 Outlook, The, 100, 129 Roman Catholic Church, 11, 31, 34, 95, 98, 123–4, 145, 183, 186, 226–7, 238, Panama Canal, 26, 130, 151 253, 266 Paulus (apostle), 20 Roosevelt, Eleanor, xvi, 146–7, 153, 157, Pearl Harbor, 217 162–3, 166–7, 173, 179, 184–5, 203, Pegler, Westbrook, 216 208–10, 212, 216, 232, 237, 254–5, Peters, Edna, 118–20 261, 262–3, 267 Philips, Frits, 92, 118, 122, 215, 235 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR), xvi, 3, 146, Pittsburgh, PA, 20 156–7, 161–3, 166, 168–9, 172, 178, , 2, 236 181, 184–5, 186–7, 192, 195, 200–1, Poland, 25, 29–32, 186, 205 205, 208, 211–12, 213, 216, 217, 224, van Loon’s view of, 30–1 229, 230–2, 238, 243, 248, 249–51, Potsdam, SS, 15, 21, 22, 27 253, 261, 262 Pound, Ezra, 64 campaign biography, van Loon’s writing Praise of Folly, The (Erasmus), 101 of, 161 van Loon’s Introduction to, 220–1, 240 concealment of handicap, 185 Prince Bernhard, 201, 203, 212, 224, 248, postwar plans, 249–51 255–6, 264 see also New Deal Prince Hendrik, 111–12 Roosevelt, Theodore, 26, 56, 154, 179 Princess Juliana, xiv, 165, 200–1, 203, 206, “Roosevelt Alias Geldersman. A Study in 208–9, 212, 219, 224, 230, 247–8, Applied Genealogy” (van Loon), 169 255–6, 261, 264, 267 Roosevelt Institute, Franklin and Eleanor, xv Princeton University, 38 Roosevelt Library, Franklin D., xiii, 162 Proud Tower, The (Tuchman), 52 Roosevelt Study Center, the Netherlands, xiii, xiv, xv Queen Wilhelmina, 42, 63–4, 111, 118, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 167, 209, 219, 230–2, 234, 261 21, 27, 37, 195, 245 Queen Wilhelmina Fund, 201–2, 214, Round Table, 89 224, 249 Royal, John, 166, 173 350 I NDEX

Royal Library, The Hague, 35 Spiess, William, 246 Russia, 21, 23, 25, 27–33, 35, 44, 46, 52, St. Lawrence Church, Rotterdam, 10 65, 163, 225–7 St. Petersburg, Russia, 27, 28, 29, 31, 273n8 van Loons’s view of, 25, 29–30, 31, 32 Stalin, Joseph, 32, 142, 186, 250 Russian Orthodox Church, 28 Statendam, SS, 126 Russian Revolution, 28–31 Steinbeck, John, 242 R.v.R.: The Life and Times of Rembrandt van Stearns, Harold, 101, 105 Rijn (van Loon), 117, 125, 126, 128–30 Stone, Melville, 23, 27, 42, 46–7 Ryan, Helen, 74 Story of Mankind, The (van Loon), 10, 74, 76–82, 84, 89–90, 92, 95, 106, 120, Sandburg, Carl, 107, 242, 261 170, 252, 263 Sarton, George, 233, 234 Newbery Award for, 80, 82 Saturday Review of Literature, 98, 140, 146, Story of the Bible, The (van Loon), 90, 92–5, 172, 181, 189, 194, 262 106, 263 Schapiro, J. Salwyn, 77 Story of the Pacific, The (van Loon), 189 Schiff, Dorothy, 230 Story of Utopias, The (Mumford), 81 Schlesinger Arthur M., Jr., xi–xii, xv, 206, Stowe, Leland, 195 263, 266 Sunnyside (Bowditch house), 21, 22, 25, 27, Schurman, Jacob Gould, 50 35, 41 Schuster, Max, 132, 166, 219 Survey, The, 106 Schutzen Verlag, 176, 180 Sweden, WWII visit to, 178–80 Scopes, John T., 90 Switzerland, 14, 184, 251 Scudamore, Rene Gibbs, 66, 69–70, 102, 114–15, 128, 132–5, 146, 168, 170, Thackeray, William Makepeace, 14 177, 215, 246, 292n15, 292n19 Thin Man, The, 114 Seven Arts, The, 56–7 Thomas Jefferson (van Loon), 238–9, 243–4, Ships and How They Sailed the Seven Seas (van 248 Loon), 153, 155–6 Thompson, Dorothy, 194 Short History of Discovery, A (van Loon), 54–5 Thompson, Howard N., 28, 29 Short-Wave Journey of Discovery With Hendrik Times (London), 3 Willem van Loon, 166 To Have or To Be—Take Your Choice (van Siberia, Russia, 30 Loon), 142 Siedlce, Poland, 29 Tolerance (van Loon), 98, 99–100 Simon, Richard L. (Dick), 1, 131–2, 141, Tolstoy, Alexandra, 225 170, 219 Tuchman, Barbara, 52 Simon and Schuster (S&S), 1, 134, 140, “Typical American Girl” contest, 118–20 170, 181 Sinclair, Upton, 107, 116, 129 Unique Function of Education in American Smart Set, The, 78, 118, 120 Democracy, 169 Smit, Erik “Din,” 114, 128 Unitarian Church, 12, 27 Smith, Alfred, 146 Unitarian Church of All Souls, New York Smith, Thomas, 117 City, xiv, 1, 254–5, 326n28 Songs America Sings, The (van Loon and United Nations Relief Wing, 249, 254 Castagnetta), 189 United States, 2, 14, 16, 20, 26, 27, 32, 35, Songs We Sing, The (van Loon-Castagnetta), 38, 44, 48, 51–2, 55–63, 67, 82–9, 164, 239 95–7, 100–2, 122–6, 129–33, 154–8, Soskin, William, 170 163, 169, 173–87, 224–32, 249–53, “Speaking of Revolution” (van Loon), 140 259–67 Spence, Mathilda, 66 Consulate in Munich, 33 Spengler, Oswald, van Loon on, 120–1 Consulate in Warsaw, 29 I NDEX 351

Declaration of Independence, 2, 142, 163, van Loon, Hendrik Willem (grandfather), 188, 191, 241 12, 14, 37 Department of Justice, 67 van Loon, Hendrik Willem, Sr. (father), 8, Department of State, 53, 205, 227–8 11, 12–14, 27 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 228 van Loon, Hendrik Willem Secret Service, 64–5 anti-Hitler campaign, 175–95, 206–8, University of the Air, 147, 161, 153, 158, 213–14 166; see also WEVD biography, 265 University of Wisconsin at Madison, 45 coverage of political conventions, 98 criticism of Dutch, 96–7 Valerius, Adriaen, 2 criticism of US govt. in WWII, 216–17, “Prayer of Thanksgiving,” 2 250–2 vanden Heuvel, William J., v, xv–xvi death, 260, 261–3 van der Hilst, Jan, 157 family coat of arms, 2, 12, 37 van der Hilst, Suzanne (Suus) van Loon, 7, 8, FBI investigation of, 228 11, 12, 14, 157–8, 180 fiction writing, 60–1 van der Hilst, Willem, 14 heart attack, 214–16 van der Hilst, Wim, 180 opinions on WWI, 88–9 death of, 229–30 refugees, aid to, 227–8 van der Veen, Adriaan, xiv, 204–5, 215, 234 reprints of books, 263–4 Van Doren, Carl, 61, 98, 104–7, 126, 145, ties to Dutch heritage, 18 147, 261, 265 U.S. citizenship, 32, 53, 62, 63, 86, 106 van Loon, Adrianus, 37 visits to Netherlands, 56–8, 87, 92–3, van Loon, Dirk, xiv, 190 97–9, 102–4 van Loon, Elisabeth Johanna (Betsie) van Loon, Hendrik Willem (Piet), 149, Hanken, 7–8, 11, 12–14, 18, 37–8 158, 190 van Loon, Eliza Helen (Jimmie) Criswell, 1, van Loon, Henry Bowditch (Hank), xiv, 1, 87, 92–4, 96, 148–9, 158–9, 168, 74, 76, 80, 98, 104, 121–2, 126, 132, 179–80, 184–5, 190, 204–5, 209–12, 149, 190, 206, 261–3 215–20, 240–1, 246–8, 253–4, van Loon, Janet Hall, 1, 37 258–66 van Loon, Suzanne (Suus), see van der Hilst, early relationship with, 65–8 Suzanne (Suus) van Loon Grace Castagnetta and, 155 van Loon-Hanken, Elisabeth Johanna, 7, 14 health of, 139–40, 240–1 “Van Loon’s Diary,” 250–2 marriage to van Loon, 69–70 Van Loon’s Geography: The Story of the World reconciliation with van Loon, 109–10, 126 We Live In (van Loon), 32, 140, 143–6, on SS Franconia, 151–3, 301n39, 301n44 150–1, 170, 252 and Story of Mankind, 73–6 Van Loon’s Lives (van Loon), 235–9, 242, troubles with marriage to van Loon, 253–5, 263–4 79–80, 99–100, 102–3, 215 Van Schaick, George S., 230–1 at Veere, 109–35 van Tets, Willem, 203–4, 206, 208, 210–11, van Loon, Eliza Ingersoll (Lily), Bowditch, 1, 231, 235, 239, 247, 254 21–2, 25, 80, 175, 273n16 Vasquez-Lopez, Maria, 215, 256–7 divorce from van Loon, 60, 61–2, 69 Veere, the Netherlands, xiii, xiv, 13, 92, van Loon’s courtship of, 25–7 109–35, 143, 148, 184, 209, 233–7, van Loon, Frances Goodrich, 99–100, 264, 286n19 102–4, 107, 110, 113, 121, 265 Veiller, Anthony, 75–6 van Loon, Gerard Willem, 22, 37, 38, 46, Venice, Italy, 35, 93 74, 79, 95, 121, 126, 194, 221–2, Villard, Oswald Garrison, 103, 106, 146, 204 241–2, 246, 254, 265 Volendam, SS, 88 352 I NDEX von Kaltenborn, Hans, see Kaltenborn, H.V. Wilhelmina, queen of the Netherlands, see von Kühlman, R. Baron, 57 Queen Wilhelmina Voorburg, the Netherlands, 13 Willem II, Count of Holland, 11 Voorwaarts, 95 Williams, Wythe, 186, 190 Wilson, Woodrow, 41, 55, 63, 64 Wadleigh, Henry R., 33, 36, 37 Wittenberg, Germany, 36 Wadleigh, Julia, 33, 36, 37 Woman’s Home Companion, 100, 128 Walcheren, the Netherlands, 13, 112–13, 118 Woman’s Wear, 70 Warsaw, Poland, 28, 29, 31, 61 Woollcott, Alexander, 167, 212 Washington, D.C., 25, 26, 41–7 World War I, 46, 47–58, 61, 177, WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants), 274n1 123–4, 145, 191, 226 World War II, 3, 124, 157, 172, 186, Watson, Edwin M., 205 194, 263 Watson, J.B., 120 Worth, Jacques, 102, 134–5, 292n15 Watson, Thomas, 201, 255 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 148 Wave of the Future, The (Lindbergh), 194 WRUL broadcasts, 206–8, 212–13, 222, Wells, H.G., 49, 77, 80, 168 224, 229, 232 Western Union Building, 25 Westport, CT, 93, 97, 99, 103, 135 Yale Review, 42, 103 WEVD, 146–7, 153, 158, 161–2, 166, 262 Yellow Springs, OH, 73–6, 78, 80 White, Andrew Dickson, 22, 23, 26, 30, 32, 53–4, 57, 273n8, 273n20 Zeeland, Province of, the Netherlands, 13, 92, White, William Allen, 193–4 110, 112, 118–20, 122, 169, 195 White Library, Cornell University, 14 Zeeuws Archief, xiv Whither Mankind (Beard), 110 Zuckmayer, Carl, 184, 225 Wilbur the Hat (van Loon), 98–9 Zweig, Stefan, 225