1 9110-9M Department of Homeland
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
WLB Herstory During the 2007-8 Term
WWomen’somen’s LLeagueeague ooff BBurmaurma The Women’s League of Burma (WLB) is an umbrella organisation comprising 12 women’s organisations of diff erent ethnic backgrounds from Burma. WLB was founded on 9th December, 1999. Its mission is to work for women’s empowerment and advancement of the status of women, and to work for the increased participation of women in all spheres of society in the democracy movement, and in peace and national reconciliation processes through capacity building, advocacy, research and documentation. Aims • To work for the empowerment and advancement of the status of women • To work for the rights of women and gender equality • To work for the Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against women • To work for the increased participation of women in every level of decision making in all spheres of society • To participate eff ectively in the movement for peace, democracy and national reconciliation TTableable ooff CContentsontents Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 The Context ................................................................................................................ 3 A Chronology of Events leading to the Founding of the League ........................... 8 1992-1997: New Women’s Groups, New Challenges for Women........................ 8 1998-1999: Organizing to Form an Alliance ....................................................... 15 Refl ecting on the Founding of the Alliance ...................................................... -
Em: the Timing of Terrorist Attacks As a Function of Funding Consistency
Spend ’Em If You Got ’Em: The Timing of Terrorist Attacks as a Function of Funding Consistency Olga Chyzh May 1, 2018 Abstract Given the short time horizons faced by terrorist groups, inflows in funding should correlate with spikes in the number of attacks. This pattern, moreover, should be the most prominent for groups whose sources of funding are less consistent and predictable, as uncertainty further shortens the group’s time horizons and imposes additional or- ganizational pressures. I test these predictions on a subset of terrorist organizations whose funding is likely linked to drug-trafficking by proxying variation in drug pro- duction with the data on weather during the month of harvest. The statistical tests support the predictions. For groups whose funding is tied to narco-trafficking, the tim- ing and number of attacks closely follow the drug-harvesting cycle. Favorable weather conditions during the month of drug harvest correspond to spikes in the number of terrorist attacks in the current and subsequent months, whereas unfavorable weather conditions during drug harvest are associated with the reverse pattern. Introduction Terrorist organizations are inherently weak actors. Powerful terrorist groups with ready access to resources and large territorial control, such as pre-9/11 al-Qaeda, are more of an exception that the rule.1 Despite the popular images of vast training grounds and Swiss bank accounts, most terrorist groups are small in size, strapped for resources, and operating with rather short-horizons, due to the fear of detection. Meticulous planning and strategic timing of attacks are luxuries that most terrorist groups cannot afford. -
How Alliances and Conflict Affect Chemical Weapon Adoption Among Violent Non-State Actors
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items 2019-12 A CHEMICAL ROMANCE: HOW ALLIANCES AND CONFLICT AFFECT CHEMICAL WEAPON ADOPTION AMONG VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTORS Green, Aaron M.; Price, Christopher M. Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/64173 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS A CHEMICAL ROMANCE: HOW ALLIANCES AND CONFLICT AFFECT CHEMICAL WEAPON ADOPTION AMONG VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTORS by Aaron M. Green and Christopher M. Price December 2019 Thesis Advisor: Tristan Volpe Co-Advisor: Timothy C. Warren Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Form Approved OMB REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) December 2019 Master's thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS A CHEMICAL ROMANCE: HOW ALLIANCES AND CONFLICT AFFECT CHEMICAL WEAPON ADOPTION AMONG VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTORS 6. -
Militancy and Negotiations: a Study of Suspension of Operation in Manipur
Militancy and Negotiations: A Study of Suspension of Operation in Manipur Ch. Sekholal Kom* To resolve conflict and avoid the use of force, it is said, one must negotiate - Fred C. Iklé Abstract One of the most striking features of militancy in Northeast India in general and Manipur in particular is how infrequently the two sides (Government and the militants) attempt peaceful negotiation. Very often, the government refuses to grant the militants legitimacy as a bargaining partner. On the other, militants in the region are averse to go into negotiation with the government whom they confront. However, in spite of this phenomenon, confrontations do reach a point at a certain stage where both sides agree to negotiate rather than confront each other. Remarkably, the present tripartite truce popularly known as Suspension of Operation (SoO) between the Government of India and the state government of Manipur on one side and the Kuki militants on the other turns out to be a significant development. The paper discusses how this negotiation can be attributed as a technique of alternative dispute resolution in a multi-ethnic situation particularly in a conflict-ridden state like Manipur. Right since the dawn various militant ethnic groups. of independence of the Although Naga militancy was the country, Northeast first to make its headway in the India has been witnessing a region, movements by other series of challenges such as ethnicities followed it. Notably, the unceasing demands for autonomy militant activities of the Nagas, the and even outright secessions by Kukis, the Bodos, and the Assamese *Ch. Sekholal Korn is a Ph. -
Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 71/Wednesday, April 13, 2016/Notices
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 71 / Wednesday, April 13, 2016 / Notices 21891 Estimated Time per Respondent: 6.00 Number of Respondents: 211 • Mon National Warrior Army hours. respondents. • Myeik-Dawei United Front Total Burden Hours: 9,200 hours. Estimated Time per Respondent: 0.17 • National Democratic Front Total Burden Cost (capital/startup): hours. • National United Party of Arakan $15,005,400. Total Burden Hours: 40 hours. • New Democratic Army Kachin Total Recordkeeping Burden: $0. Total Burden Cost (capital/startup): • New Mon State Party Total Burden Cost: $15,623,400. $34,600. • Parliamentary Democracy Party • Instrument: Security Vulnerability Total Recordkeeping Burden: $0. People’s Democratic Front • Ramanya Restoration Army Assessment and Alternative Security Total Burden Cost: $37,000. • Shan State Army Program Submitted in Lieu of the Dated: April 7, 2016. • Zomi Reunification Organization/ Security Vulnerability Assessment. Scott Libby, Zomi Revolutionary Army provided Frequency: ‘‘On occasion’’ and ‘‘Other.’’ Deputy Chief Information Officer, National that the alien satisfies the relevant Affected Public: Business or other for- Protection and Programs Directorate, agency authority that the alien: profit. Department of Homeland Security. (a) is seeking a benefit or protection Number of Respondents: 211 [FR Doc. 2016–08495 Filed 4–12–16; 8:45 am] under the INA and has been determined respondents. BILLING CODE 9110–9P–P to be otherwise eligible for the benefit Estimated Time per Respondent: 2.65 or protection; hours. (b) has undergone and passed all Total Burden Hours: 900 hours. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND relevant background and security Total Burden Cost (capital/startup): $0. SECURITY checks; Total Recordkeeping Burden: $0. (c) has fully disclosed, to the best of Total Burden Cost: $58,600. -
The United Nations and Its Conflict Resolution Role
THE UNITED NATIONS AND ITS CONFLICT RESOLUTION ROLE Muharrem Hi̇ lmi Özev Associate Professor Dr, Istanbul University, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Turkey Aydin Erdoğan PhD Candidate, Istanbul University, Department of Political Science and International Relations, İstanbul, Turkey Published by Istanbul University Press Istanbul University Central Campus IUPress Office, 34452 Beyazit/Fatih Istanbul - Turkey www.iupress.istanbul.edu.tr The United Nations and Its Conflict Resolution Role By Muharrem Hi̇ lmi Özev and Aydin Erdoğan (eds.) ISBN: 978-605-07-0700-7 e-ISBN: 978-605-07-0701-4 DOI: 10.26650/B/SS25.2019.001 Istanbul University Publication No: 5251 Faculty of Economics Publication No: 653 It is recommended that a reference to the DOI is included when citing this work. This work is published online under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This work is copyrighted. Except for the Creative Commons version published online, the legal exceptions and the terms of the applicable license agreements shall be taken into account. First published May, 2019 Printed in Düzey Bilişim Reklam Org. Yay. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Merkez Mah. Begonya Sokak No.12-14 Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul - Turkey Certificate No: 12096 ii CONTENTS A NOTE ON THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS .............................................................................................v LIST OF ACRONYMS ...............................................................................................................................................vi -
JOURNAL of INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH for MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2014
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2014 PEACE PROCESS BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND MILITANT GROUPS OF NORTHEAST INDIA WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON SUSPENSION OF OPERATION PACT BETWEEN KUKI MILITANT GROUPS AND GOVERNMENT CHUNGKHOSEI BAITE* *UGC Fulltime Post-Doctoral Fellow, Dept. of Political Science, Manipur University, Manipur, India ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to throw lights the progress of Suspension of Operation pact between government and Kuki tribal militant groups. Since the last few years peace process had been started between Indian government and some militant groups operating in the northeast India. Kuki tribal militant group are one of the rebel groups of Manipur involved in the peace process with the union and Manipur government by signing Suspension of Operation agreement. On August 22, 2008 the government of India and Manipur government had signed Suspension of Operation Agreement with various Kukitribal militant groups under dual common platform called Kuki National Organization (KNO) and United People’s Front (UPF) with the objective of political dialogue. KEYWORDS: Kuki, militant, peace, tribal INTRODUCTION The north eastern region of India is known for its militancy. The region comprises of eight states is inherited by plethora of tribes who have a unique history and culture. Since a few decades the northeastern states of India have been torn by different brand of tribal and non- tribal militant groups who are demanding sovereignty, independent province, autonomous state and state within the framework of Indian constitution, etc. to protect and preserve their unique history and culture. -
20061017 Landmine Challenges
WORKSHOP REPORT “LANDMINE CHALLENGES TO HUMANITY & ENVIRONMENT” Imphal, MANIPUR (INDIA) 17 October 2006 Manipur Committee for Social Concern (MCSC) came into being in 2000 to work to bring about peace for the people of Manipur. It brings together well qualified academics, intellectu- als and activists. It conducts seminars and field work with local voluntary contributions and aims to spread awareness to bring a solution to various contentious issues. The Indian Institute for Peace, Disarmament and Environmental Protection (IIPDEP) was founded in August 1993. It is a non-political, non-profit NGO Research, whose main ob- jectives are public education and awareness raising in the field of peace and disarmament. IIPDEP has been part of the Indian Campaign to Ban Landmines (Indian CBL) since March 1995, essentially conducting public education and awareness development activities in this respect. To date, the IIPDEP has organized 48 regional seminars and mine risk education (MRE) workshops in various state capitals and in volatile regions such as Jammu & Kashmir and Northeast India. It has also organized MRE workshops in villages along the India- Pakistan border. Geneva Call is a neutral, international humanitarian NGO formed under Swiss law and launched in March 2000 with the objective of engaging armed non-State actors (NSAs) worldwide to adhere to a total ban on anti-personnel (AP) mines and respect other humanitar- ian norms. To facilitate this process, Geneva Call provides a mechanism whereby NSAs, which are not eligible to accede to treaties, can commit to a mine ban by signing a “Deed of Commitment Under Geneva Call for Adherence to a Total Ban on Anti-Personnel Mines and for Cooperation in Mine Action”. -
Conflict Mapping and Peace Processes in North East India Conflict Mapping and Peace Processes in Northeast India
Conflict Mapping And Peace Processes in North East India Conflict Mapping and Peace Processes in Northeast India © North Eastern Social Research Centre 2008 Published by: North Eastern Social Research Centre 110 Kharghuli Road (1st floor) Guwahati 781004 Assam, India Edited by : Tel. (0361) 2602819 Fax: (91-361) 2732629 (Attn NESRC) Lazar Jeyaseelan Email: [email protected] Website : www.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/NESRC Cover page designed by: Kazimuddin Ahmed Panos South Asia 110 Kharghuli Road (1st floor) Guwahati 781001 Assam, India Printed at : Saraighat Laser Print North Eastern Social Research Centre Guwahati III IV Dedication Acknowledgement Dr. Lazar Jeyaseelan who had accepted the responsibility of edit- ing this book phoned and told me on 12th April 2007 that he had done what he could, that he was sending the CD to me and that This volume comes out of the efforts of some civil society organisations that wanted to go beyond relief and charity to explore I should complete this work. He must have had a premonition avenues of peace. Realising that a better understanding of the issues because he died of a massive heart attack two days later during involved in conflicts and peace building was required, they encouraged a public function at Makhan Khallen village, Senipati District, some students and other young persons to do a study of a few areas Manipur. of tension. The peace fellowships were advertised and the applicants were interviewed. Those appointed for the task were guided by Dr Jerry Born at Madhurokkanmoi in Tamil Nadu on 24th June Thomas, Dr L. Jeyaseelan and Dr Walter Fernandes. -
Conflict and Child Soldiers Manipur Case
CONFLICT AND CHILD SOLDIERS MANIPUR CASE By PRIYADARSHINI LAISHRAM Study Undertaken under the supervision of PROFESSOR AMAR YUMNAM Manipur University REPORT OF A RESEARCH PROJECT FUNDED BY THE SARDAR VALLABHAI PATEL NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY HYDERABAD 2017 Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations List of Tables Chapters Particulars Page Chapter – 1 Child Soldiers and Conflict 1-33 Chapter – 2 Conflict Situation in Manipur 34-51 Chapter – 3 Magnitude and Extent of Child Soldiering in Manipur 52-64 Chapter – 4 Milieu of Child Soldiering in Manipur 65-71 Chapter – 5 Conflict and the General Psyche of the People of Manipur 72-82 Chapter – 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 83-95 Bibliography 96-102 Appendix 103-109 PREFACE Manipur, a small state in the north eastern most frontier of India, nestled in the eastern flanks of the Himalayas abounds in natural beauty and biodiversity. A mini India with rich cultural diversity and heritage of more than 34 different ethnic groups and with a history of more than 2000 years old, it was once a princely state till it merged with the Union of India on 21st September, 1949 (effective from October 15, 1949) and eventually got the statehood status in 1972. Nearly 2 decades after its merger with the Union of India, Manipur started getting embroiled in conflict with a number of insurgent groups. Insurgency started from the 1960s with valley based groups like UNLF, PLA, PREPAK, KCP, KYKL etc the agenda and demands basically to secede from the Indian Union and restore the pre-merger status. Over the years several other groups especially hill based Naga groups, Kuki groups and valley based Muslim groups each with their set of demands and agenda started raising war against the government pegging the total figure of Insurgent groups operating in this small state from the 1960s to the early 2010s to an astounding more than 60 which in itself is quite a phenomenon. -
Relentless Violence and Impunity in Manipur
“These Fellows Must Be Eliminated” Relentless Violence and Impunity in Manipur Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-379-X Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org September 2008 1-56432-379-X “These Fellows Must Be Eliminated” Relentless Violence and Impunity in Manipur Manipur District Map .................................................................................................... 1 I. Summary................................................................................................................... 2 Continuing Security Force Abuses ........................................................................... 6 Police Abuses ........................................................................................................ -
27 Nov 07 Revised Binalakshmi Nepram Mentschel/ Heidelberg
Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics Armed Conflict, Small Arms Proliferation and Women’s Responses to Armed Violence in India's Northeast by Binalakshmi Nepram Mentschel Working Paper No. 33 December 2007 South Asia Institute Department of Political Science University of Heidelberg BINALAKSHMI NEPRAM MENTSCHEL HEIDELBERG PAPERS IN SOUTH ASIA AND COMPARATIVE POLITICS ISSN: 1617-5069 About HPSACP This occasional paper series is run by the Department of Political Science of the South Asia Institute at the University of Heidelberg. The main objective of the series is to publicise ongoing research on South Asian politics in the form of research papers, made accessible to the international community, policy makers and the general public. HPSACP is published only on the Internet. The papers are available in the electronic pdf-format and are designed to be downloaded at no cost to the user. The series draws on the research projects being conducted at the South Asia Institute in Heidelberg, senior seminars by visiting scholars and the world-wide network of South Asia scholarship. The opinions expressed in the series are those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the University of Heidelberg or the Editorial Staff. Potential authors should consult the style sheet and list of already published papers at the end of this article before making a submission. Editor Subrata K. Mitra Deputy Editors Clemens Spiess Malte Pehl Jivanta Schöttli Siegfried Wolf Editorial Assistant Anja Kluge Editorial Consultants Katharine Adeney Mike Enskat Alexander Fischer Karsten Frey Evelin Hust Karl-Heinz Krämer Apurba Kundu Peter Lehr Kenneth McPherson Marie-Thérèse O’Toole Matthias Paukert Christian Wagner Wolfgang-Peter Zingel HEIDELBERG PAPERS IN SOUTH ASIAN AND COMPARATIVE POLITICS http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/SAPOL/HPSACP.htm Working Paper No.