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Copy 2 of DOC542 REGIONAL PROJECT FOR INLAND FISHERIES PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN EA-STERN/CENTRAL/SOUTHERN AFRICA (I.F.I.P.) IFIP PROJET RAF/87/099-TD/08/90 (En) December 1990 EVALUATION OF THE ZAIRIAN FISHERIES OF LAKES EDWARD AND MOBUTU Ethiopia Zambia Kenya Zaire Tanzania Burundi Mozambique Rwanda Zimbabwe Uganda Malawi UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNDP/FAO Regional Project RAF/87/099-TD/08/90 (En) for Inland Fisheries Planning Development and Management in Eastern/Central/Southern Africa RAF/87/099-TD/08/90 (En) December 1990 EVALUATION OF THE ZAIRIAN FISHERIES OF LAKES EDWARD AND MOBUTU by F. Corsi Fisheries Socio-economist IF/P Consultant FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Bujumbura, December 1990 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports inthe 'Fir). project seriesare those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employedand the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or UNDP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. ii PREFACE The IFIP project started in January 1989 with the main objective of promoting a more effective and rational exploitation of thefisheries resources of major water bodies of Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. The project is executed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), and funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for a duration of four years. There are eleven countries and three intergovernmental organisations participating in the project: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zaire, Zimbabwe, The Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL), The Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States (PTA) and the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC). The immediate objectives of the project are: (i) to strengthen regional collaboration for the rational development and management of inland fisheries, particularly with respect to shared water bodies;(ii) to provide advisory services and assist Governments in sectoral and project planning; (iii) to strengthen technical capabilities through training; and (iv) to establish a regional information base. This document is a report on a mission carried out by IFIP project at the request of the Department of Land, Environment and Nature Conservation of Zaire. The missionlgoals were (i) to review and analyze the situation in the Zairian fisheries of lakes Idi Amin/Edward and Mobutu Sese Seko; (ii) to analyze the management requirements of both the fisheries and their associated institutions, especially forLakeIdi Amin, and (iii) to evaluate the opportunities, the strategy and the means needed to relaunch semi-industrial fishing on Lake Mobutu and also to evaluate the impact of such a strategy on small-scale fisheries. his document includes the mission's conclusions and recommendations as wellas three project profilesintended for use inimplementing these recommendations. Mr. F. Corsi is a fisheries Socio-economist recruited by the IFIP project as a consultant. IFIP PROJECT FAO B.P 1250 BUJUMBURA BURUNDI Telex : FOODAGRI BDI 5092 Tel. 2.4328 iii IFIP PUBLICATIONS Publications of the IFIP project are issued in two series: A series of technical documents (RAF/87/099-TD) related to meetings, missions and research organized by the project. A series of working papers (RAF/87/099-WP) related to more specific field and thematic investigations conducted in the framework of the project. For both series, reference is further made to the document number (08), the year of publication (90) and the language in which the document is issued: English (En) or French (Fr). For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows: Corsi F. Evaluation of the Zairian Fisheries of lakes Idi Amin and Mobutu 1990 Sese Seko. FAO/UNDP Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP). RAF/87/099-TD108190 (En): 60p. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2.1. Lake Idi Amin 1 2.2. Lake Mobutu Sese Seko 3 ANALYSIS OF THE FISHERIES OF LAKE IDI AMIN 3.1. Geographical and hydrobiological data; estimates of potential yield 3 3.1.1. Geographical and administrative factors 3 3.1.2. Principal fish species 4 3.1.3. Potential yield 4 3.1.4. Fishing in hatcheries 4 3.1.5. Exploitation level 5 3.2. The Fisheries of Lake Idi Amin and the Virunga Park . ..... 5 3.2.1. Introduction 5 3.2.2. Brief history of Zairian fisheries within the Park 5 3.2.3. Monopoly of a single company oN.Ter fishery activity and the Parks' existence 5 3.2.4. The IZCN-COPEVI Convention 6 3.2.5. COPEVI's role in the development of the fisheries of the lake 6 3.2.6. Restructuring COPEVI 7 3.3. Fishing craft and gears 9 3.3.1 Craft 9 3.3.2. Fishing zones 9 3.3.3. Fishing techniques 9 3.3.4. Equipment suppliers 9 3.4. Marketing and processing 10 3.4.1. Marketing fresh fish 10 3.4.2. Salted/dried fish 10 3.4.3. Fish in brine 10 3.4.4 Smoked fish 10 3.5. Institutions responsible for Lake Idi Amin fisheries 10 3.5.1. DAFECN 10 3.5.2. IZCN 11 3.5.3. COPEVI 12 3.6. Regional considerations arising from the sharing of the Lake Idi Amin by Zaire and Uganda 12 3.6.1. Geographical and administrative aspects in brief 12 3.6.2. Homogenous characteristics of the two fisheries 12 3.6.3. Fisheries agreement between Zaire and Uganda concerning Lake Idi Amin 12 CONCLUSIONS AND DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LAKE IDI AMIN 4.1. Collaboration between Zaire and Uganda on the fisheries of Lake Idi Amin 13 4.2. Reorganization of COPEVI 14 4.3. Protection of hatcheries 16 4.4. DAFECN and statistics service agents 16 4.5. Institutional considerations 16 4.6. The Role of the UNDP/FAO project ZAI1881002 in Lake Idi Amin fishery management 17 4.7. Recommendations for Lake Idi Amin 17 4.8. Project document N° 1 18 ANALYSIS OF THE LAKE MOBUTU SESE SEKO FISHERIES 5.1. Geographical and hydrobiological'data; estimate of potential yield 18 5.1.1. Geographical and administrative aspects 18 5.1.2. Principal commercial species 18 5.1.3. Estimate of potential yield 18 5.2. Fishermen 19 5.2.1. Number of fishermen 19 5.2.2. Organization of fishermen 19 5.3. Small-scale and semi-industrial fishing 19 5.3.1. Small-scale fishing boats 19 5.3.2. Motorization 20 5.3.3. Fishing techniques 20 5.3.4. Evaluation of exploitation by the small-scale fishing fleet . 20 5.3.5. Semi-industrial fishing 21 5.4. Fish catches 21 5.5. Fish processing and preserving 21 5.5.1. Road conddtions and fish processing 21 5.5.2. Processing techniques 22 5.6. Marketing 22 5.7. Fisheries administration 23 vi 5.8. Regional aspects of sharing the lake between Zaire and Uganda . 23 5.8.1. Summary of the geographical and administrative situation . 23 5.8.2. Differences between the two national fisheries 23 6. CONCLUSIONS AND DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LAKE MOBUTU SESE SEKO 6.1. Collaboration between Zaire and Uganda on Lake Mobutu fisheries . 24 6.2. Re-activating semi-industrial fishing on Lake Mobutu 25 6.3. Fish processing 26 6.4. Fishermen's association and the Lake Mobutu project 27 6.5. DAFECN and statistics service agents 27 6.6. The Role of UNDP/FAO project ZAI/88/002 in the development of Lake Mobutu fisheries 28 6.7. Recommendations for Lake Mobutu fisheries 28 6.8. Project document N° 2 29 6.9. Project document N° 3 29 Appendix 1: Project document N° 1: Institutional strengthening at Lake Idi Amin/Edward 30 Appendix 2: Project document N° 2: Development of deep-water semi- industrial fishing and improving of processing at Lake Mobutu 36 Appendix 3: Project document N° 3: Regional study project of the fishery of Lakes Idi Amin and Mobutu Sese Seko 48 Appendix 4: List of persons interviewed 55 Appendix 5: Itinerary 56 Appendix 6: Bibliography 57 List of IFIP reports 58 1. INTRODUCTION The FAO, at the request of the Department of Environment and Nature Conservation of Zaire(DAFECN), organized a mission for the purpose of evaluating the opportunitiesfor and constraints to development ofthe fisheries of Lakes Idi Amin and Mobutu, within the scope of Regional Project RAF/87/099. The mission's purpose was the following: to review and analyze the present condition of Zairian fisheries on Lakes Idi Amin and Mobutu; to analyze the management requirements of both the fisheries and their associated institutions, especially for Lake Idi Amin; to evaluate the opportunities and the strategies and means necessary to rehabilitate the semi-industrial *fisheries of Lake Mobutu and assess the impact such a strategy would have upon small-scale fisheries. The conclusions and generalfindings ofthe project papers were discussed and accepted by the Department of Fisheries (DAFECN) and those responsible for Regional Project RAF/87/099. The mission team was composed of Mr. Corsi, a consultant and fishery socio-economist, and Mr. Dampha, a United NationsVolunteerandfish processing technologist. A list of people interviewed is found in Appendix 4 and the mission itinerary in Appendix 5. 2. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2.1. Lake Idi Amin The basic characteristics of Lake Idi Amin are the following: The waters of Lake Idi Amin are shared by Zaire and Uganda with a surface area of 1,630 km2, or 73% of the total area, belonging to Zaire.
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