MAP of Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS)

MAP of unique scientific and technical infrastructures (ICTS)

GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE ESPAÑA DE ECONOMÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD MAP of unique scientific and technical infrastructures (ICTS)

GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE ESPAÑA DE ECONOMÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD FOREWORD

panish science and technology The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Spain is a country of science, technology, and have reached a considerable has promoted, in conjuntction with the Auton- innovation. We participate in many of the level of excellence over the last omous Communities, an updated ICTS Map most important global infrastructure sites and Sthree decades. The number of approved on 7 October 2014 by the Council we are capable of competing for large inter- researchers has multiplied, we are now able of Scientific, Technological, and Innovation national projects. Reading through the pages to attract and retain talent, centres have been Policy, a coordination body for scientific and of this book will allow you to get an idea of created for highly-competitive research, and technological research in Spain. Thanks to a our scientific and technological capabilities. I companies have emerged that are capable productive collaboration with the Autono- invite you to get to know our Unique Scientific of tackling projects that require cutting-edge mous Communities, we have joined forces to and Technical Infrastructures, the ICTS, prod- technology. Our position as tenth in the world foster ICTS capacities, avoid redundancies, ucts of the effort of the scientific and techno- in scientific production, eighth if we consider and boost their industrial use. logical community. the journals with the greatest impact, reflects the quality of our science. Criteria of maximum scientific, technology, and innovation quality, submitting infrastruc- The growth that has characterised Spanish tures to independent assessment by top-level R&D over the last thirty years would not have international experts, have been taken into Carmen Vela Olmo been possible without facilities and infrastruc- account to create this map. The map lists Secretary of State for Research, Develop- tures of first international level. Research of the most representative facilities of Spanish ment, and Innovation excellence must rely on an advanced network science, unique in their fields and with a very of infrastructures and scientific equipment, like high investment, maintenance, and operat- the Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastruc- ing costs that the Spanish Central Adminis- tures (ICTS) are. Access to these advanced tration and the Autonomous Communities, infrastructures is an essential asset to achieve often through their dependent entities, jointly and maintain leadership in research, increase sustain in an exercise of public shared respon- specialised training capacity in R&D, captur- sibility. The mechanisms to access these infra- ing talent and develop highly competitive R&D structures are public and transparent, and business activities. ensure that proposals of maximum scientific and technological quality also obtain top priority in its realization.

3 01 02 introduction ASTRONOMY and ocean, life, and ASTROPHYSICS earth sciences

p.10 p.16 p.32 03 04 05 health information and energy sciences and communication biotechnology technologies

p.52 p.72 p.84 06 07 08 engineering materials socio-economic sciences and humanities

p.90 p.96 p.112 ReDIB - CIC- Javalambre Astrophysical RES - MareNostrum y biomaGUNE Observatory MinoTauro (BSC-CNS) Map of (OAJ) RES - CSUC NANBIOSIS - CIBER- RES - Caesaraugusta (UNIZAR) RES - Altamira (UC) Unique Scientific BBN MICRONANOFABS - SBCNM ELECMI - LMA MARHIS - GTIM-CCOB MARHIS - iCIEM and Technical RES - Magerit (CesViMa) RES - Finis Terrae (CESGA) NANBIOSIS - CIBER-BBN IOT - CNAG FLOTPOL MICRONANOFABS - Canfranc Underground Infrastructures IOT - COS CT-ISOM Laboratory (LSC) AS CB (ICTS) ELECMI - CNME EU RLASB - CReSA GA NA ALBA Synchrotron RLASB - CISA National Research Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre on Human LR Laboratory ReDIB - TRIMA-CNIC Evolution (LRB) (CENIEH) CA NANBIOSIS - CIBER-BBN National Fusion Pulsed Lasers Centre Laboratory (LNF) AR (CLPU) CL

Aerial Research Platforms (PAI)

Spanish Academic and MA Types of ICTS Research Network (RedIRIS) Gran Telescopio ICTS with a single location Canarias (GTC) NANBIOSIS - CIBER- Distributed ICTS BBN CM CV Canarian EX Network of ICTS Observatories (OOCC) IB NANBIOSIS - CIBER- Coastal Observation System BBN - CCMIJU Oceanic Platform of of the Balearic Islands the Canary Islands (SOCIB) (PLOCAN) RES - Tirant (UV) FLOTPOL

RES - LaPalma (IAC) MU MICRONANOFABS - NF-CTN Calar Alto RES - Atlante (ITC) AN Scientific Fields Astronomical NANBIOSIS - CIBER-BBN Observatory Astronomy and Astrophysics (CAHA) IRAM 30m Radio Ocean, Life, and Earth Sciences telescope FLOTA - BIO Hespérides RES - Picasso (UMA) Health Sciences and Biotechnology ANTARCTICA Information and Communications Technology Doñana Biological Reserve Yebes Spanish Antarctic (RBD) Observatory Energy IC Station Juan Carlos I Plataforma Solar de (BAE JCI) Engineering Almería (PSA) Spanish Antarctic Materials CE ML Station Gabriel de National Accelerator Castilla Centre (BAE GdC) Social Sciences and Humanities (CNA) introduction INTRODUCTION

he term Unique Scientific and •• Complex experimental research infra- NATIONAL CONTEXT Technical Infrastructure (ICTS) structures designed to create, reproduce, refers to facilities, resources, or and study physical, chemical, or biological There is a clear connection between the ability Tservices for the development of phenomena of interest. of a country to create knowledge and inno- top-quality cutting-edge research, as well as •• Large experimental research infrastruc- vation and its economic and social devel- the communication, exchange, and preserva- tures for the engineering and develop- opment. For that reason, policies regarding tion of knowledge, the transfer of technology, ment of new technologies for application science, technology, and innovation constitute and promotion of innovation. They are unique in a variety of fields. a fundamental element in the development of or exceptional in their fields, with a high cost of •• Infrastructures necessary for facilitating modern societies. In the same manner as its investment, maintenance, and operation, and access for scientists to natural environ- neighbouring countries, the Government of are of a strategic importance that justifies their ments that provide and exhibit unique Spain periodically plans these policies. Arti- availability to all actors in the field of R&D&I. conditions for research. cle 149.1.15 of the Spanish Constitution lists the •• Advanced technology that provides hori- promotion and general coordination of scien- The ICTS share three fundamental character- zontal and fundamental support to any tific and technological research as one of the istics: field of science and technology sole responsibilities of the State.

–– they are infrastructures with public owner- –– they are open to competitive access by In this context, and under Law 14/2011 regard- ship, meaning that they belong to or are users in the entire research community, ing Science, Technology, and Innovation, the managed by public entities, whether they from the public as well as the private sector. Spanish Central Administration created the are under the authority of the Spanish “Spanish Strategy for Science and Technology Central Administration and/or the Auton- The ICTS are located throughout the coun- and Innovation” in the year 2012. Additionally, omous Communities. In any case, they are try and are displayed on the “Map of Unique it took into account the participation of social mainly financed by public funds. Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS).” agents and an extensive group of independent The first Map of ICTS was agreed upon at the experts belonging to the scientific, technolog- –– they are unique, meaning that they are the III Conference of Presidents, held on 11 Janu- ical, and business communities. This Strat- only one of their kind, including: ary 2007. This Map was in force until 7 Octo- egy regards R&D&I activities from a general •• Large pieces of equipment that allow the ber 2014, when the Science and Technology perspective for the period from 2013 to 2020, observation, analysis, or interpretation of Policy Council (CPCTI) approved the current phenomena of interest. Map, composed of 29 ICTS that bring together a total of 59 facilities.

12 INTRODUCTION

and considers that the use of the “Map of EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL vation; and (iii) To reinforce the coherence Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastruc- CONTEXT of national and European policies in terms of tures (ICTS)” as key to the development of the infrastructures. Spanish Science, Technology, and Innovation The instrument of the European Union (EU) to System, as well as its integration into the Euro- promote and support R&D&I is the Framework The EU funding Programming Period 2014- pean Research Area. Programme that, for the period 2014-2020, is 2020 reinforces the role of ex ante evaluation. known as Horizon 2020 (H2020). The devel- This evaluation is one of the requirements to The outline of the scientific policy listed in opment of the State Plan 2013-2016 coincided receive European funding and actually is a the previously-mentioned Strategy is made with the debate and creation in Europe of previous, exhaustive planning of the activi- specific in the state plans. In this manner, the H2020, and with the reflection on the great- ties that each one of the Member States plans “Spanish State Plan for Scientific and Technical est challenges and opportunities of European to invest in with this funding. The updating Research and Innovation” for the years 2013- R&D&I policy and of the Member States. The of the ICTS Map has been the tool used to 2016 lists the objectives for this period and result was a perfect alignment between the implement ex ante assessment in regards the instruments for articulating the different policies of the Spanish Central Administration to the investment priorities of the European planned measures. One of the objectives is to and those of the European Union in regards to Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “enhanc- facilitate access to scientific and technological promotion of R&D&i. ing research and innovation (R&I) infrastruc- infrastructure and scientific equipment, with ture and capacities to develop R&I excellence special reference to large, singular scientific The Framework Programme for R&D&I of the and promoting centres of competence” At and technological facilities at the national as EU H2020 includes, within the pillar “Excellent the same time, it has been coordinated with well as international level. All of this is laid out science,” actions that support scientific infra- the Regional Research and Innovation Strate- in the “State Subprogramme for Scientific and structures, with the objective of reinforcing gies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3), which are Technological Infrastructures and Equipment” and extending European scientific excellence instruments to assist regions in proposing and with the main objective of providing, maintain- and consolidating the European Research Area reaching optimal choices for their prosperity. ing, and updating scientific and technological (ERA) in order for the EU system of science As a consequence of this, the ICTS will be able infrastructures, in order for them to be acces- to be more competitive at the global level. to benefit from co-financing by the ERDF over sible to all the agents of the Spanish System The general objectives of H2020 regarding the Programming Period 2014-2020. of Science, Technology, and Innovation, and research infrastructures are as follows: (i) To facilitates high-quality scientific-technological optimise the use and development of Euro- research, as well as the development of high- pean scientific infrastructures; (ii) To promote ly-competitive R&D&I industrial activities. their human potential and potential for inno-

13 Furthermore, the ICTS are aligned with the In summary, the process of renewal of the ICTS must continue to comply with the require- European Strategy Forum on Research Infra- map was begun by defining the objectives and ments necessary to maintain their status as structures (ESFRI) and with other international principles required of the infrastructure that ICTS. Moreover, it is open to the addition of plans of specific application, including those would form part of the updated Map, carried other infrastructures, as long as they comply on the agendas of the European Technologi- out by the CPCTI. Additionally, a procedure with these requirements. cal Platforms, the Joint Technology Initiatives for updating the Map was established, and the (JTI), Joint Programming Initiatives (JPI), etc. Advisory Committee on Unique Infrastruc- The requirements that a facility must comply In this manner the scientific and technologi- tures (CAIS) was formed, as a Work Group with in order to be considered an ICTS, under cal competitiveness of Spanish infrastructures of the Executive Board of the CPCTI. After a any of the previously-mentioned subcatego- is assured and promoted on the international detailed process of analysis and assessment ries, are formally defined in a CPCTI document stage, especially the ICTS. of the Strategic Plans presented by the infra- that accompanies the configuration of the structures candidates, with the participation of current ICTS Map. Summarised, these require- the National Agency for Assessment and Fore- ments are as follows: CONFIGURATION OF THE ICTS MAP casting (ANEP) and international experts, the CAIS created a proposal for the configuration –– Unique and strategic nature.- An ICTS is The Science, Technology, and Innovation of the new Map. Finally, the CPCTI approved a unique infrastructure, an experimen- Policy Council (CPCTI), formed on 18 Septem- the Map of Unique Scientific and Technical tal cutting-edge tool unique in Spain for ber 2012, is the general coordination body of Infrastructures (ICTS) on 7 October 2014. This its content and features, open to the entire scientific and technological research in pain,S Map will be submitted to a complete update R&D&I system of our country, scientifically made up of representatives of the Central and review at the beginning of the period of and technologically advanced, essential for Government and the Autonomous Commu- validity for each State Plan. carrying out specific technological research nities. One of their functions has been the and/or development. approval of the updated ICTS Map 2013-2016, The ICTS can have a single location (infrastruc- in which existing infrastructures have been ture with a single location), can form part of a –– Objectives.- As mentioned above, they prioritized over new construction. In particu- Network of Infrastructures (RI) or be consid- should be in alignment with the objectives lar, efforts are focused towards maintainenane ered Distributed Infrastructure (ID), depend- of the Spanish Strategy for Science, Tech- the ICTS that are already in operation, avoid- ing on the level of integration and coordination nology, and Innovation, the State Plan for ing their obsolescence, promoting their open of their capacities. Furthermore, the ICTS Map R&D&I and with the corresponding Euro- competitive use, and completing infrastruc- is dynamic and open, in the sense that the pean and international programmes. tures that are partially under construction. infrastructures included on the current Map

14 INTRODUCTION

–– Investment.- They entail a high cost of –– Strategic Plan.- The ICTS must have a quad- Regardless of the area of knowledge into investment in their construction, updating, rennial Strategic Plan that establishes the which a certain ICTS has been classified, it is and improvement (starting from 10 million objectives, strategies, and resources and is important to always keep in mind the integra- Euro of investment accumulated in tech- periodically reviewed. tion between the different applications and nological assets), as well as in their mainte- services offered by each. It is for this reason nance and operation. –– Production and Performance.- The produc- that, in view of this document, the reader is tion and performance of the ICTS should be invited to get to know each of the ICTS on –– Open access.- The ICTS should apply a in proportion to the cost and size of the facil- the current Map, with the knowledge that policy of competitive open access for the ity. Each ICTS should maintain a Record of unknown scientific applications will be discov- scientific, technological, and industrial R&D&I Activity that includes all the access ered that will contribute to the expansion of communities as well as government admin- offered, projects and activities carried out, our scientific culture. Additionally, the reader istrations. There should be a demonstrable and the results of R&D&I achieved by the is invited to further their knowledge on this and proportionate demand for use or access use of the facility (publications, patents, matter by using online tools where each one on behalf of the national and international etc.). of the ICTS can be found (web pages, social community. This access will be assessed networks, etc.), listed on each of their corre- and prioritized with criteria for excellence The ICTS Map spans a wide range of fields, sponding descriptions. and scientific-technological feasibility. and the same infrastructure can be used, in an integrated manner, to provide services that –– Scientific and Technical Advisory fall under different scientific disciplines. From Directorate General for Innovation and Committee.- In general, unless discouraged an organizational point of view, the ICTS Map Competitiveness by the specific nature of the infrastructure, defines the following areas: Sub-Directorate General for Planning of Scientific the scientific-technological activities and and Technological Infrastructure strategies of the ICTS should be assessed by –– Astronomy and Astrophysics a Scientific and Technical Advisory Commit- –– Ocean, Life, and Earth Sciences tee of international relevance. –– Health Sciences and Biotechnology –– Information and Communications Technology –– Management.- The ICTS will possess appro- –– Energy priate management schemes in accordance –– Engineering with their specific characteristics, especially –– Materials in regards to the infrastructure and services –– Social Sciences and Humanities competitively offered and support given to users.

01 ASTRONOMY and ASTROPHYSICS

©GRANTECAN S.A. 01

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

ASTRONOMY INFRASTRUCTURES NETWORK (RIA) The Astronomy Infrastructures Network (RIA) was created in 2007, Alto Astronomical Observatory, Yebes Observatory , IRAM 30-m at the request of the current Ministry of the Economy and Compet- Radio telescope, and the Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory. itiveness as a Work Group of the National Astronomy Commission (CNA) with the objective of advising the Central Administration and The Network also ensures the coordination and optimisation of the interested Institutions in the field of Astronomical Infrastructure and Scientific Program of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Instrumentation, and to create a forum for coordination between infrastructure of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). the different Infrastructure sites of the Network. Additionally, the RIA coordinates the studies related to future infrastructures as well as the projects of instrumental development and carries out the systematic monitoring of the productivity of the diverse astronomical infrastructures sites. http://riastronomia.es

The ICTS integrated into the Astronomy Infrastructures Network are: Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC), Canarian Observatories, Calar ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Canarian Observatories (OOCC)

he Canarian Observatories The OOCC have adapted to the needs of the (OOCC), operated by the Instituto largest telescopes as well as the simplest de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), experiments, on-site or even robotic obser- http://www.iac.es Tare made up of the Roque de vations, and host everything from occasional los Muchachos Observatory (ORM, La Palma) experiments for a particular astronomical and the Teide Observatory (OT, Tenerife), both event to research into quantum communica- located at a height of 2,400 m. The excellent tion or tests of cutting-edge instruments. astronomical quality of the sky above the Canary Islands, exhaustively characterised and Every year, more than two thousand astro- protected by law, allows them to be astronom- physicists arrive at the OOCC to use their ical reserves, open to the international scien- facilities. The Canary Islands have become a tific community since the year 1979. Currently, natural meeting place for astrophysicists from the OOCC host telescopes and instruments around the world. This enormous wealth has belonging to 60 institutions from 20 different been the principal drive behind the spectacu- countries, forming the most important group lar growth of Astrophysics in Spain. of astrophysical facilities in the European Union (EU), for night-time and solar observations, visible and infra-red, as well as the largest collection of multinational telescopes in the world. Other experiments designed for the study of high-energy physics and the cosmic microwave background complete the array of available facilities .

The Teide Observatory stands out for its atmospheric conditions and telescopes available for the study of solar physics, and the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory is one of the most complete complexes in the world of telescopes, in the visible spectrum as well as the infrared, devoted among other subjects to the study of the sun or cosmic radiation.

19 01

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

The Gran Telescopio CANARIAS, with a main mirror measuring chos Observatory, in the municipality of Garafía, on the island of 10.4 m in diameter, is currently the largest optical-infrared tele- La Palma. scope in the world. It can be found at the Roque de los Mucha- ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Gran Telescopio CANARIAS

©GRANTECAN S.A. (GTC)

he GTC, an initiative of the Insti- in diameter. These segments act as a single tuto de Astrofísica de Canarias surface thanks to the extremely precise optical (IAC), is property of the public alignment reached by these mirrors. Another http://www.gtc.iac.es Tcompany Gran Telescopio de key feature is the exquisite image quality that Canarias, S.A. (GRANTECAN) belonging to the the telescope delivers and therefore it can Central Administration and the Autonomous exploit the good sky quality to its maximum. Community of the Canary Islands, which is This is possible thanks to the alignment, defor- responsible for its operation and future devel- mation and movement of the active optics. opment. It is assisted by international collab- Scientific operation is principally based on a oration from institutions from Mexico (Astro- system of “observation by queues,” making the nomical Institute of the Autonomous National programme flexible and adaptable to condi- University of Mexico and the National Astro- tions, optimising in this manner the observa- physics, Optics, and Electronics Institute) and tion times. the United States (University of Florida). To date, the GTC has provided significant The GTC has been in operation since the year advances in the topical areas of astrophys- 2009. Since then, it has offered the scientific ics, such as exoplanets, black holes, the community a unique capacity for carrying out farthest and youngest stars and galaxies of the programs of observation using the instruments universe, and the initial conditions following currently installed at the telescope and those the ‘Big Bang’. that are being developed through an ambitious ©GRANTECAN S.A. program of innovative instrumentation. The 36 hexagonal segments of the GTC provide an area for the collection of light equivalent to a circular monolithic mirror measuring 10.4m ©GRANTECAN S.A. ©GRANTECAN

21 01

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

The Calar Alto Astronomical Observatory (CAHA) is located at a Research Council (CSIC), and is jointly operated by the Max Planck height of 2,168 m in the Sierra de Los Filabres (Almería). It is managed Astronomical Institute of Heidelberg and the Andalusia Institute of by the German Max Planck Society and the Spanish National Astrophysics of Granada. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Calar Alto Astronomical Observatory (CAHA)

he Calar Alto Astronomical other institutions, such as a telescope with graphs of low, high or very high resolution. Centre is the second-largest an aperture of 1.5m belonging to the National There are also monitors to analyse quality of astronomical site in the north- Astronomical Observatory (OAN) of Madrid, the night sky. These facilities are supplemented Tern hemisphere, after Roque de a Schmidt camera belonging to the Hamburg by clean rooms, electronic, mechanical, and los Muchachos Observatory, and is the most Observatory (Germany) and a robotic tele- computer workshops. Additionally, the obser- important of continental Europe. It offers scope measuring 60cm, belonging to the vatory features an aluminizing system for excellent transport connections and simple, Centre of Astrobiology of Madrid (CAB-INTA). large-scale astronomy mirrors (mirrors of up affordable, and reliable logistics. to 4 m) that offers aluminization services to the The telescopes have at their disposal a wide scientific community. The observatory has three telescopes with variety of astronomical instrumentation in respective apertures of 1.23, 2.2 and 3.5m. the optical and near-infrared range, as well At the Calar Alto Astronomical Observa- CAHA also hosts telescopes belonging to as direct image sensor cameras and spectro- tory, astronomical studies are carried out on a wide range of fields, such as the Solar System, Cosmology, large-scale studies of the universe, galaxies, galaxy clusters, stars, and star clusters. It is worth to mention that CAHA has produced important observational legacy projects for the international community, such as CALIFA or ALHAMBRA, among others.

http://www.caha.es

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This 30m radio telescope is one of the two observatories of the Insti- Scientifique), the German MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft) and the tute of Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM). This institute is a collab- Spanish National Geographic Institute (ING). oration between the French CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

IRAM 30m Radio telescope (IRAM 30m)

uilt in only four years (1980-1984) The radio telescope is equipped with a series the source, one can build up radio images, for at an altitude of 2,850 meters of receptors that operate at wavelengths example, of complete galaxies or regions of star at Pico Veleta (Sierra Nevada, of around 3, 2, 1, and 0.8 mm, simultane- formation in the Milky Way. With its capacity BGranada), it is currently one of the ously recording up to 160,000 channels of a to observe simultaneously at different wave- largest and most sensitive millimetre-wave high-resolution frequency, for the mapping of lengths, multiple images can be produced. radio telescopes in the world. The telescope molecular gas in extensive nebulas. The tele- Radio astronomers therefore have the ability to itself is a classic parabolic antenna that enables scope is also equipped with two cameras that obtain detailed maps of the universe at differ- the exploration of extensive cosmic objects operate at wavelengths of 2 and 1mm, devoted ent millimetre wavelengths, explore previous- such as near galaxies and interstellar clouds. to the observation of the emission of dust in ly-unknown structures, or submit the wave Thanks to its large collecting surface, the 30 m near molecular clouds and in galaxies, includ- spectra of astronomical bodies to a detailed telescope is unrivalled in sensitivity and has ing the farthest (and youngest) galaxies in the study, searching for new molecules. been very well adapted to detect weak astro- known universe. nomical sources. The panels of its parabola are calibrated with a precision of 55 micrometres By pointing the telescope towards a celestial in relation to an ideal paraboloid. source, and then by scanning and tracking http://www.iram-institute.org

©Nícolas Billot

©Nícolas Billot ©Nícolas

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ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

The Yebes Astronomical Centre (National Geographic Institute, well as astronomical observations that are of astronomical as well as Ministry of Development) is devoted to the development and geodetic or geophysical interest. construction of instrumentation in the field of radio astronomy, as ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Yebes Observatory (YEBES)

ocated at an altitude of 930 m, the fundamental geodetic station in Spain. and workshops for the design and construction about 80 km from Madrid in the Furthermore, the Observatory fits very well of cryogenic receivers for radio astronomy. municipal area of Yebes (Guada- into an international context. The 40m radio Work in these laboratories has already led to Llajara), the Centre hosts four main telescope is one of the most important nodes important contributions to large international scientific-technological facilities: (i) a large of the European VLBI Network (EVN), one of projects such as the HERSCHEL Infrared Space radio telescope measuring 40 m in diameter; the largest scientific facilities in the world, and Telescope and the ALMA and SKA interferom- (ii) a radio telescope measuring 13.2 m of the is a station of the IVS, the International VLBI eters. All the observational premises are avail- RAEGE network (Atlantic Spanish-Portuguese Service for Geodetics and Astrometry. For its able for the use of the scientific community. Network of Geodynamic and Astronomical part, the RAEGE network is one of the most Stations, composed of 4 radio telescopes of important components of the Global Geodetic this type locate in Yebes (1), the Canary Islands Observing System (GGOS). The gravimetry (1), and the Azores (2)) along with the central station, designed to carry out comparisons headquarters of this network; (iii) an anechoic and calibrations of other exterior gravimetres, chamber capable of operating at very high forms part of the International Gravitational frequencies; (iv) a pavilion of relative (super- Reference System (IGRS). conductor) and absolute gravimetry. The Centre also features a very well-equipped Its three geodetic technologies (radio astron- laboratory for the development of state-of- omy (VLBI), gravimetry, and permanent the-art ultra-sensitive amplifiers of very low GNSS station), make the Yebes Observatory radio frequency noise, as well as laboratories

http://www.fomento.es/MFOM/LANG_CAS- TELLANO/DIRECCIONES_GENERALES/ INSTITUTO_GEOGRAFICO/Astronomia/instalaciones/cay

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The Javalambre Astrophysical Observatoy (OAJ) is a new facility Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), it was designed to located at Pico del Buitre, at an altitude of 1,956 m in the municipal carry out large-scale multi-filter astronomical mapping of maximum area of Arcos de las Salinas, Teruel. Built and managed by the Centro de scientific interest in the fields of Astrophysics and Cosmology. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Javalambre Astrophysical

©CEFCA Observatory (OAJ)

he facility features laboratories, filters that are able to obtain images at different control rooms, sky brightness spectrum bands that provide a low-resolution monitors, and two latest-gen- spectrum for each pixel of the sky. http://www.cefca.es Teration telescope whose main mirrors have apertures of 2.55 m (T250 or This infrastructure possesses a dedicated JST, Javalambre Survey Telescope) and 83 cm data centre (UPAD), for storing and process- (T80 or JAST, Javalambre Auxiliar and Survey ing the data obtained from the OAJ. The UPAD Telescope), with fields of vision measuring 3 features a storage capacity of 5PB (1PB in disk and 2 degrees in diameter, respectively. The drive systems and 4PB in a robotic library) and first scientific instrumentation consists of two 400 processing cores. The data centre will panoramic cameras with a large field of vision, provide access to images and scientific data- JPCam (5 square degrees of effective field of bases for the entire community. vision) and T80Cam (2 square degrees of effective field of vision), equipped with sets of

©CEFCA

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The Canfranc Underground Laboratory is the only underground by a Consortium composed of the Central Government , the Regional facility in Spain and one of few in the world devoted to astropar- Government of Aragón, and the University of Zaragoza. ticle physics and research into underground physics. It is managed ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

CANFRANC UNDERGROUND LABORATORY (lsc)

ince 1986, taking advantage of the matter, one for neutrino physics, and another location of the Canfranc railway for geodynamics proposed by researchers tunnel in the Pyrenees in Huesca, from international universities and labora- Sexperiments have been carried tories. In addition, two ancillary projects for out here in search of dark matter and to study experiments are being developed that will be the nature and properties of the neutrino. The located at similar facilities in other international Canfranc Underground Laboratory is located at laboratories. The plan for expansion includes a a depth of 850 m below the Pyrenees moun- project for an astrophysics facility and a new tain of El Tobazo, between the railway tunnels proposal for underground biological study. and the highway tunnel of Somport. This depth eliminates most of the cosmic radiation The laboratory began its activities in 2010 present on the surface and allows for experi- and the main lines of research of the scien- ments that, due to their high level of sensitivity, tific programme currently being carried out require a low radiation background. This infra- concern cutting-edge subjects in the field of structure is currently, due to its extensive area astroparticles. Also notable is the service for and characteristics, the second most eminent categorization of materials via measurement underground laboratory in Europe after the of radioactivity for scientific or technologi- Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy. cal-industrial applications, as well as studies www.lsc-canfranc.es of geophysics and underground biology. The laboratory’s facilities cover an area of about 1250 m2 that, including access corri- dors and adjacent areas, amount to a total of 1560 m2 excavated into high-quality rock. This experimental space first played host to experiments into nuclear physics and astroparticles of the University of Zaragoza. Currently, it hosts two experiments devoted to the study of dark

02 ocean, life, and earth sciences

©Héctor Garrido 02

OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

MARINE RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTUREs NETWORK (RIM) The Marine Research Infrastructures Network was created in 2008 The two ICTS that currently belong to the Marine Research Infra- with the aim of promoting exchange and development of methodol- structures Network are the Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands ogies and tools in the fields of knowledge shared by different marine (PLOCAN) and the Coastal Observation System of the Balearic infrastructures and other actors in the world of R&D&I. It seeks to Islands (SOCIB). Both ICTS feature independent mechanisms for find complementarity between different infrastructure sites, avoid access but share a collective strategy, carrying out joint initiatives in redundancies, and increase competitiveness and the availability their common interest. of results. This network has been the source of joint action of strategic importance for the country, as well as unifying management of marine data collected by this type of infrastructures, in cooperation with other organizations in the field (National Port Authority, Spanish Oceanographic Institute, etc.) OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (plocan)

he Oceanic Platform of the coast, in the municipality of Telde (located on PLOCAN, in its capacity as an ocean obser- Canary Islands is managed by the north-western portion of the Island of Gran vation initiative, constitutes a Spanish node the PLOCAN Consortium (equally Canaria) on an area totalling 23km2 reserved for in the EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Tco-financed by the Central scientific and technological experimentation. Seafloor Observatory) network of European Government and the Regional Government The marine test site provides a set of facilities observatories, included on the roadmap of the of the Canary Islands). Its objective is to allow and services to facilite the testing and moni- ESFRI (European Strategy Forum on Research for research, technological development, toring of new marine technologies, especially Infrastructures). and cutting-edge innovation in the marine those related to marine renewable energies. and maritime fields. The infrastructure allows Additionally, the electric and communications access to and efficient study of the ocean with infrastructure (IECOM) allow for connection strict environmental guarantees, providing to the network of electricity and transfer the scientific laboratories, vehicles, offshore aqua- energy generated by new marine technology culture, and in general, technological tools and and devices. infrastructures located in the PLOCAN marine environment. The infrastructure is open to the entire scientific and technological communities, nationally as well as internationally, and is integrated into current and future European http://www.plocan.eu initiatives for coordination and cooperation in the field.

PLOCAN is currently in the construction phase. Although operation is slated to begin near the end of 2015, some of the facilities, such as the shore offices, offshore aquacultre, and subma- rine vehicles such as the gliders, have begun partial operation.

The main facility of PLOCAN, the ocean platform, is located in open sea, a mile from the

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The Coastal Observation System of the Balearic Islands (SOCIB) Balearic Islands. Located on Palma de Mallorca, it has been in is managed by the SOCIB Consortium, equally co-financed by operation since 2013. the Central Government and the Regional Government of the OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

Coastal Observation System of the Balearic Islands

he activities carried out by SOCIB made up of a network of facilities and equip- for management and distribution of data allow are mainly focused on the West- ment devoted to marine observation, acqui- a complete and integrated description of the ern Mediterranean, especially the sition of data, processing, analysis, opera- physical and biogeochemical properties of TBalearic Islands and surrounding tional numeric modelling, and dissemination marine and coastal systems, as well as their areas (the Alboran Sea, Algerian Basin, etc.). of multidisciplinary marine information in a evolution. Thanks to its strategic location, near the area of systematic and consistent manner. It openly transition between the Mediterranean and the provides oceanographic data in real time and Atlantic, it is one of the “hot points” of global prediction services in support of operational biodiversity. oceanography, answering the needs of a wide range of society’s scientific, technological, and SOCIB is a system of observation, prediction, strategic priorities in the context of climate and management, and distribution of data on the global change. coastal ocean, from the shore and coastline to the exterior limit of the continental slope The synergy between the different systems http://www.socib.es and its area of influence. It promotes a para- of observation (oceanographic catamaran, digm change in the observation of the oceans, high-frequency radar, autonomous subma- previously based exclusively on large ships, rine vehicles, buoys, ARGO profilers, etc.), the now and in the future to be based on inte- systems of prediction, and the tools for assim- grated, multi-platform systems. SOCIB is ilation of data and the computerized system

ijande V

idal idal V

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The ICTS FLOTA is composed of 10 oceanographic vessels, each graphic vessels belonging to the ICTS FLOTA are as follows: with technical management and financing by the Central Govern- • the oceanographic research vessel BIO Hespérides of the Spanish Navy ment. These oceanographic vessels fundamentally provide services • the oceanographic vessels materially integrated into or loaned to to campaigns being carried out within the framework of the Spanish the CSIC: B/O Sarmiento de Gamboa, B/O García del Cid, and B/O State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation Mytilus, and of the framework programme of the European Union, as well as the specific responsibilities assigned to different Public Research • the oceanographic vessels materially integrated into the Spanish Organizations of the Secretary of State for Research, Development, Oceanographic Institute (IEO): B/O Ramón Margalef, B/O Ángeles and Innovation. The on-board technical support of the oceano- Alvariño, B/O Francisco de Paula Navarro, B/O Jose Mª Navaz, and graphic vessels of the campaigns approved by the Commission for B/O Lura the Coordination and Monitoring of Oceanographic Vessels Activ- • the oceanographic vessel belonging to the consortium Coastal ities (COCSABO) is provided by the Marine Technology Unit of the Observation System of the Balearic Islands (SOCIB), B/O SOCIB. Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Currently, the oceano- OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

SPANISH OCEANOGRAPHIC FLEET (FLOTA)

Oceanographic Research Vessel (BIO) Hespérides

he BIO Hespérides entered into tific equipment is completely managed by the Economic Zone of the Ministry of Defence. It is service in 1991 and since then Marine Technology Unit of the CSIC. a global research vessel with instrumentation has carried out more than 120 and laboratories that allow for investigation Toceanographic campaigns in the Its hull is reinforced for the navigation of the of natural resources and risks, global change, Antarctic, Arctic, and in the Pacific and Atlantic polar areas of the Antarctic and the Arctic. Its marine resources, global ocean currents, and Oceans. The important role that it plays in the main activity focuses on austral summers, marine biodiversity. field of oceanographic research was -recog carrying out scientific research campaigns nized in 1995 as a Large Scientific Facility by in the Antarctic and occasionally providing the Advisory Commission for Large Scientific support to Spanish Antarctic Facilities and Facilities, currently known as Unique Scientific their research projects. The rest of the year http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/ and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS). The BIO its activities are primarily carried out in the page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/buques_su- Hespérides is a vessel of the Navy integrated Atlantic, Pacific, and Mediterranean, providing perficie/prefLang_es/12_buques-investiga- into the Maritime Task Force of the Spanish support to different scientific campaigns, such cion-oceanografia--01_buque-investiga- Navy, based in Cartagena (Murcia). Its scien- as the mapping programme of the Exclusive cion-oceanografica-hesperides

39 Spanish Oceanographic Fleet (Flota)

Sarmiento de Gamboa

FLOTPOL (Mixed CSIC-IEO unit for the management of the oceanographic fleet and Antarctic facilities)

B/O SARMIENTO DE GAMBOA B/O García del cid The B/O Sarmiento de Gamboa, belonging to The B/O García del Cid, belonging to the CSIC, the CSIC, was launched in 2006, and focuses was launched in 1979. It is a vessel specifi- on the study of global ocean currents, marine cally used for marine scientific research and biodiversity, fishing resources, and climate is at the service of national or international change. Based in Vigo (Pontevedra), it is a groups that carry out oceanographic research. ocean research vessel. It features scientific Its main areas of work are the Western Medi- and technological equipment for carrying terranean, the Iberian area of the Atlantic, and out research into marine geophysics, ocean- the Canary Islands. It is based in Barcelona and ography, biology, and geochemistry. It also is a vessel for regional research. The vessel’s possesses advanced technology in regards to equipment allows for marine research into navigational systems (such as dynamic posi- oceanography, geology, and geophysics, as tioning), and has been the first Spanish ocean- well as experimental fishing research using ographic vessel able to work with Remote benthic and pelagic techniques and research Operated Vehicles (ROVs) at great depths. into phytoplankton, zooplankton, and ichthyo- It is currently the vessel in the fleet with the plankton. The vessel is equipped with both wet http://www.utm.csic.es/garciadelcid capability to carry out geophysical research in and dry laboratories, a gantry located astern, accordance with the current standards of the and winches for working on the deck (20m2) exploration and extraction industries. and diverse acoustic equipment. It has good manoeuvring capabilities for anchoring and recovery of buoys, currentmeters, sediment traps, etc. http://www.utm.csic.es/sarmiento

40 OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

©IEO

B/O Mytilus B/O ángeles alvariño The B/O Mytilus, launched in 1997, belongs The B/O Ángeles Alvariño, belonging to the to the CSIC. It is based in Vigo (Pontevedra). IEO, was launched in 2012 and is based in Vigo It is a coastal research vessel and its research (Pontevedra). This vessel provides the national http://www.ieo.es/web/ieo/flota work is mainly focused on the area of Gali- and European oceanographic fleet with a cia, although it occasionally carries out work floating laboratory equipped with the latest in other areas of the Iberian Peninsula and technology, allowing for a notable improve- the Canary Islands. It is designed for study of ment of research into ocean sciences. Classi- marine biology, physical oceanography, and fied as a regional vessel, it holds a capacity of marine geology. 15 researchers and technicians, as well as its 12 crew members. It also features a design that reduces the underwater radiated noise, allowing it to work without altering the marine life behavior. It features cutting-edge technology for the study of marine geology, physical, and http://www.iim.csic.es/~waldo/Index.html chemical oceanography, marine biology, fishing, and environmental protection.

©Félix Cesar Descalzo

41 Spanish Oceanographic Fleet (Flota)

B/O Ángeles Alvariño © IEO • B/O Ramón Margalef ©IEO

©IEO B/O Ramón margalef B/O Francisco de Paula Navarro The B/O Ramón Margalef, belonging to the The B/O Francisco de Paula Navarro, belong- IEO, was launched in 2011 and is based in Vigo ing to the IEO, is a versatile boat for fishing and (Pontevedra). This vessel is specially designed oceanography based in Palma de Mallorca for oceanographic and fishing research, includ- and classified as a coastal vessel. This vessel ing the integrated study of ecosystems. Due to is normally used for fishing and oceanographic its dimensions and capacity, it is classified as campaigns throughout the Spanish coast, a regional vessel. It has 10 days of autonomy mainly in the North-eastern Atlantic, Southern and space for 13 researchers and technicians, Atlantic, and Mediterranean. With an overall as well as its 14 crew members. It carries out length of 30.5m, it has a total capacity of up its activities nationally or in the surrounding to 17 people between the crew and scientific seas, and features the latest technology for the team. It can carry out a range of studies, from B/O Francisco de Paula Navarro study of marine geology, physical and chemi- geomorphology, hydrography, and plankton cal oceanography, marine biology, fishing, and to mapping projects for benthic and pelagic environmental protection. habitats, protected marine areas, contamina- tion, and assessment of ecosystems and living marine resources.

http://www.ieo.es/web/ieo/flota

42 OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

B/O josé María Navaz B/O Lura B/O Socib The B/O José María Navaz is a versatile boat for The B/O Lura belongs to the IEO and is based The B/O SOCIB is a catamaran with a over- fishing and oceanography belonging to the IEO, in La Coruña. With an overall length of 14.3m, it all length of 24m, developed as part of the based in Vigo (Pontevedra). It has a capacity of is classified as a coastal vessel. It has a capac- observational strategy of the consortium of up to five crew members and 7 scientists and ity of up to 10 people, and is normally utilised the Coastal Observation System of the Balearic an overall length of 15.8m, classified as a coastal for campaigns for research into oceanography Islands (SOCIB), and is based in Palma de vessel. It is normally used for campaigns to and coastal ecology, principally in the waters Mallorca. This catamaran carries out oceano- research oceanography and coastal ecology, surrounding the area of La Coruña. graphic research in the maritime and coastal principally in the waters of Galicia. areas of the Balearic Islands and the Mediter- ranean. Among the most striking characteristics of its design is the bridge, which offers 360-degree visibility and a wide deck measuring 60m2. It is equipped with the latest technology for scientific study and navigation.

http://www.socib.es

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Spanish fixed-infrastructures in polar areas are currently limited neering, meteorology, climate change, vulcanology, geodetics, to those operating in the Antarctic, and are the Spanish Antarctic hydrography, and oceanography. Station Juan Carlos I (BAE JCI) and the Spanish Antarctic Station Gabriel de Castilla (BAE GdC). Both are located on the archi- The BAE JCI is logistically managed by the Marine Technology Unit pelago of the Southern Shetlands and are seasonal stations, only of the Spanish National Research Council (UTM-CSIC) and, in the in operation during the austral summer. Spain also has a tempo- case of the BAE GdC, managed by the Army in its operational rary scientific camp located on the Byers Peninsula of Livingston aspects with scientific instrumentation and logistical manage- Island. ment provided by the UTM-CSIC. Coordination of activities at both stations is carried out under the authority of the Spanish The scientific fields studied by Spain in the Antarctic are very Polar Committee, with the UTM-CSIC responsible for logistical diverse: geology, biology, glaciers, atmospheric studies, chem- coordination. ical studies, studies of human impact, communication engi- OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

SPANISH ANTARCTIC FACILITIES (BAEs)

Spanish Antarctic Station Juan Carlos I (BAE JCI)

he Spanish Antarctic Station Juan ment, and auxiliary laboratory equipment. It Carlos I is located on the Hurd also offers the instrumentation necessary for Peninsula of Livingston Island (62o the study of coastal oceanography. T39´ 46´´ S, 60o 23´ 20´´ O). Since 1999, it has been operated by the UTM-CSIC, The location of the BAE Juan Carlos I is optimal which provides the technical and logistical for carrying out different scientific programs support necessary to carry out the scientific under the main lines of research in the Antarc- activities of the National R&D&I plan in the tic. Research is being done into the atmos- Antarctic. phere, glaciology, the climate, global change, geomagnetism, biodiversity, and risks to The BAE Juan Carlos I was inaugurated in Janu- the environment. The station is equipped to ary of 1988, when Spain became a consulta- serve the priorities of the Spanish research tive member of the ATCM (Antarctic Treaty community according to the requirements of Consultative Meeting), and has been modi- Antarctic projects as well as being open to the fied and expanded several times, the latest in scientific programs of other countries, - shar 2009. It features information and communica- ing permanent as well as temporary facilities tion systems, an international camp located on and promoting cooperation between different the Byers Peninsula, camps located in isolated nations. areas, a research laboratory, and a moun- tain shelter. It has a maximum capacity of 19 people between scientific and technical staff. It is equipped with meteorological, geological, http://www.utm.csic.es/web/index.php/es/ and biological laboratories, microscope equip - instalaciones/jci

45 Spanish Antarctic Facilities (BAEs)

Spanish Antarctic Station Gabriel de Castilla (BAE GdC)

he Spanish Antarctic Station Gabriel de Castilla (latitude 62º 55’ S and longitude 60º 37’ W) Tis located on Deception Island, in the archipelago of the Southern Shetlands, 100km to the North of the Antarctic conti- nent, more than 1000km from the nearest human settlement and 13,000km from Spain. Deception Island is a unique location due to its history, landscapes, plants, and wildlife. The island is the main active volcano of the marginal basin of the Bransfield Strait, one of the main focal points of seismic and volcanic activity in Antarctica. It has a horseshoe shape with a deep sea entrance (Foster Port). The strait, which serves as the entrance to the interior waters, is the site of an interior bay with a gently-sloping coastline, considered the best ©Ministerio de Defensa

46 OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

©Ministerio de Defensa natural port of the Antarctic. It has a diame- This station is designed to carry out singu- ter of 15km and a maximum altitude of 540m. lar, cutting-edge scientific activities, and its The base of this volcano, whose eruption in the results are valuable for polar research. Due to http://www.ejercito.mde.es/unidades/Antar- Quaternary period gave birth to the island, is its singular nature, it is at the disposal of the tica/antartica located 850 m below sea level, with a diame- national and international scientific communi- ter of 25-30 km. ties, hosting studies concerning volcano monitoring, astrobiology, geology, and ecology. The station is managed by the Operations Bureau of the Army General Staff, which organ- ises and directs the operation of the station. During the Spanish Antarctic campaign of 1988, the refuge “Gabriel de Castilla” was installed on Deception Island, being officially inaugurated in 1989 as a military refuge to support research and topographical surveys. Since its installation, this refuge has been managed by the Army, in close collaboration with the UTM-CSIC. In 1998 the refuge was classified as an Antarctic Station, and in 1999 as a Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS). Since then it has undergone various periods of remodelling, the most important in the year 2009. ©Ministerio de Defensa

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The Doñana Biological Reserve (RBD, Almonte, Huelva), located and includes the National Park and Natural Park of Doñana. In to the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and founded in 1964 both areas there is a regulated use of natural resources (mainly by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), is managed forestry, fishing, and livestock). The Biological Reserve forms part by the Doñana Biological Station (EBD, Sevilla), a research insti- of the National Park and is composed of two protected areas, the tute belonging to the CSIC. The protected area of Doñana, also RBD, measuring 6,794 hectares, and the Biological Reserve of known as the Doñana Natural Area, extends over 106,047 hectares Guadiamar, measuring 3,214 hectares. OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

DOÑANA BIOLOGICAL

©Héctor Garrido RESERVE (RBD)

he National Park of Doñana was solid quantitative framework that serves as a declared a Biosphere Reserve in guide for the conservation of biodiversity and 1980, a Wetland of International making predictions about future scenarios in TImportance in 1982, an area of the context of global change. Special Protection for birds in 1987, a World Heritage Site in 1994, and an area of impor- In addition to the natural resources offered by tance to the European Community in 1997. ICTS-RBD, there are lab facilities (basic and The RBD was named a European Research specialized) located both at the field facility Infrastructure site during the fourth and fifth and the EBD headquarters in Seville, which Framework Programmes and recognized as provide the equipments and facilities needed Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure to carry out experiments and ecological (ICTS) in 2006. This protected area, which studies. The ICTS-RBD also provides a data includes four large ecosystems (beach, dunes, base offering physical and biological meta- Mediterranean scrubland, and marshland) is data obtained from the ecosystems which host to numerous endemic and threatened have been systematically and continuously species. As many as 700,000 water birds recorded during the last 30 years. Based on the gather in the marshland each winter, making facilities of the ICTS-RBD, Spain participates Doñana the most important wetland area in in LifeWatch (European Strategy Forum on Spain and Europe. This ICTS is considered an Research Infrastructures), hosting the admin- ©Héctor Garrido ideal platform for field experimentation and istrative and legal headquarters in Seville, as the sharing of experiences associated with well as the centre for information technology the environmental impact of global change. and communication (sensor networks, infor- http://icts-rbd.ebd.csic.es It provides a set of unique natural resources mation and knowledge systems, etc.). for carrying out research on the processes that promote, limit or threaten biodiversity within a multidisciplinary context, providing a

©Héctor Garrido ©Héctor

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The Aerial Research Platforms (PAI) is an infrastructure managed two CASA C-212-200 aircraft and a Motorglider STEMME S15. It is by the Spanish National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), precisely the combination of cutting-edge instrumentation and the belonging to the Spanish Ministry of Defense. The facilities contain capacity for remote observation from the air that makes this infra- complete instrumentation for carrying out atmospheric research structure one of the best in its field in Europe. and observation of the earth’s surface, adapted for installation in OCEAN, LIFE, AND EARTH SCIENCES

AERIAL RESEARCH PLATFORMS (PAI)

ach one of the C-212-200 aircraft this aircraft includes the Airborne Hyperspec- for Earth observation as well as atmospheric is equipped to carry out a specific tral Scanner (AHS) and the Compact Airborne research. type of measurement. One of Spectographic Imager (CASI 1500i). Digital Ethem is devoted to atmospheric processing of the data allows the generation of The aerial platforms are complemented research (physical-chemical measurements of geo-referenced hyperspectral images display- with another set of facilities and on-ground the atmosphere, cloud composition, particle ing different surface properties: radiance, systems, such as hangars, calibration and analysis, aerosol distribution, ozone measure- reflectance, temperature or emissivity. Those characterization labs, auxiliary laboratories to ments, etc.). This platform is also used for the products are an essential tool for members of test on-board equipment; as well as reception, development and testing of airborne sensors the scientific community involved in research processing, archiving and distribution of data and on-board instrumentation. The other and development in geological sciences and and images obtained by the aircraft. aircraft is designed for the observation of the can be applied to many fields, such as -agri Earth, equipped with instrumentation adapted culture, forest engineering, geology, inland for aerial photography and high-resolution water, oceans, etc. Lastly, the Motorglider hyperspectral remote sensing along the entire STEMME S15 ,will be modified for the instal- radiometric spectrum. It is worth noting that lation of Synthetic Aperture Radar equipment the hyperspectral measurement equipment of and could be prepared for other configurations

http://www.inta.es/grandesInstalaciones. aspx?Id=2&SubId=9

03 health sciences and biotechnology 03 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

This distributed ICTS is composed of the CIBER-BBN (Biomedical logical resources and highly-qualified staff, and provides services Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and open to the entire scientific community. Nanomedicine) and Jesus Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (CCMIJU). These two centres group together 27 complementary and The research infrastructure is geared towards medical applications, coordinated units, located at different institutions, which in turn are offering a complete service that uses a single contact point model, distributed throughout 6 Autonomous Communities: Aragon, Cata- involving the design and production of biomolecules, biomaterials, lonia, Extremadura, Madrid, the Basque Country, and Valencia. nanomaterials and their conjugates, as well as the characterization of these materials, tissues, medical devices, and systems from phys- It is organized into five platforms: Production of Biomolecules, icochemical, toxicological, and biological points of view, including in Production of Biomaterials and Nanomaterials, Preclinical Valida- vivo preclinical validation. tion-Tissue, Biomaterial and Surface Characterization, Preclinical Validation-Bioimaging, and High Performance Computing.

Each platform is organised into one or more units, which are distributed throughout the country: one in Alava, one in Badajoz, thirteen in Barcelona, seven in Cáceres, two in Madrid, one in Valencia, and http://www.nanbiosis.es three in Zaragoza. This infrastructure provides cutting-edge techno- HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS, BIOMATERIALS, AND SYSTEMS IN BIOMEDICINE (NANBIOSIS) ©CIBER-BBN / NANBIOSIS

Platforms for Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine

hese platforms belong to the (NMR, 10 equipments operating at magnetic area of Bioengineering, Biomate- fields between 5.8 and 14.1 Teslas) and fluores- rials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER- cence and bio-luminescence spectrophotom- TBBN), of the Biomedical Research eters, as well as micro CT, ToF-SIMS, and the Networking Centre (CIBER), a consortium Instron machines for mechanical characteri- that is part of the Institute of Health Carlos III sation, among others. (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness). The CIBER-BBN has been carrying out its work The twenty units that make up the Platform since 2007, and is currently made up of 44 are complementary and work together in a research groups, selected on the basis of their coordinated manner. Ten of them are focused scientific excellence, working mainly within on the production of biomolecules, biomate- three scientific programs: Bioengineering and rials, and nanomaterials capable of provid- Medical Imaging, Biomaterials and Advanced ing a wide range of biological molecules Therapies, and Nanomedicine. The CIBER-BBN (proteins, peptides, and antibodies), 2D and participates in NANBIOSIS with 20 Units, 9 of 3D biomaterials, as well as their conjugates for which are specialised in a la carte production biomedical applications, specifically in regen- ©CIBER-BBN / NANBIOSIS of biomolecules (proteins, antibodies, and erative medicine, medical devices and smart peptides), biomaterials and nanomateriales, devices, implants, therapeutic nanoconju- conjugated or not, with different purposes and gates, systems for the controlled release of able to be categorised up to their pre-clini- pharmaceuticals, contrast agents for in vivo cal validation by singular equipment availa- imaging, in vitro diagnosis, and biosensors. All ble in other units such as the light-scattering of these biomaterials, nanomaterials, implants, “3D SLS & DLS,” nuclear magnetic resonance therapeutic nanconjugates, systems for the

©CIBER-BBN / NANBIOSIS

55 Integrated Infrastructure for Production and Characterization of Nanomaterials, Biomaterials, and Systems in Biomedicine (NANBIOSIS)

controlled release of pharmaceuticals, and among others. There is also a high-perfor- contrast agents, produced by the previous- mance Computing unit that allows remote ly-mentioned units, along with others, such as access for applications related to the analysis http://www.ciber-bbn.es medical devices, smart devices, or biosensors of biomedical images and signals as well as and devices for diagnosis, can be pre-clinically applications that require complex calculations validated. For this purpose, there are six units for in silico experimentation. with the capacity to characterize them from a physical-chemical, functional, and toxicological perspective, and another three units for carrying out a complete in vivo pre-clinical validation using various imaging techniques,

©CIBER-BBN / NANBIOSIS ©CIBER-BBN / NANBIOSIS

56 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

©CIBER-BBN / NANBIOSIS

Preclinical Infrastructure for Development of Minimally Invasive Technologies

t is located in Cáceres, in the Jesús dissemination, innovation, and transfer of and the surgical unit, made up of ten experi- Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre technology in cooperation with other organi- mental operating rooms supplied with cutting- (CCMIJU), a public research centre whose zations at the international level. edge equipment, providing top-level services Istrategic mission focuses on expand- in translational research and methodology. ing the knowledge and use of technology The CCMIJU participates with seven units related to biomedicine and minimally-inva- distributed among the different platforms of sive surgery, as well as other related fields in NANBIOSIS. Some of the most singular facil- the area of public health, through research, ities are the animal lab, measuring 2.000m2,

http://www.ccmijesususon.com

©CIBER-BBN / NANBIOSIS

57 03 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

This distributed ICTS is composed of the Genomics Platform of the solution for deciphering biological processes through systems Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG) and the Metabolo- biology. mics platform of the Centre for Omic Sciences (COS). This facility has the whole range of required technologies to quantify all the elements that make up biological systems, including DNA, RNA, epigenomic marks, proteins, metabolites, and structural elements such as membranes. In this manner, it provides an integrated https://ictsomicstechnologies.wordpress.com/ HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE FOR OMICs TECHNOLOGIES (IOT) Genomics Platform of the Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG)

he CNAG was set up in 2009 by research centres, and companies in the sector the Central Government and the of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. Regional Government of Catalo- http://www.cnag.cat Tnia, and it is located at the Parc The CNAG Genomics Platform has a park of Cientific de Barcelona. Its mission is to carry out twelve second-generation DNA sequenc- large-scale projects in genome analysis that ers (nine HiSeq2000, two HiSeq2500 and will lead to significant improvements in public one MiSeq) that produce a total of more than health and quality of life. The CNAG focuses its 800 Gigabases of nucleic acid sequences per efforts in four interconnected reseach areas: day, which is equal to eight complete human Disease Gene Identification, Cancer Genom- genomes every 24 hours. The sequencing ics, Genomics of Infectious Diseases, and operation is supported by an extensive infor- Genomics of Model Organisms, in collabora- matic infrastructure: 2.7 petabytes of data tion with scientists from universities, hospitals, storage, over 1200 computing nodes with a capacity of 13 TFlops, an internal 10 Gb/s network and multiple 10 Gb/s direct physical connections to the Barcelona Supercomput- ing Center (BSC-CNS). The integrated CNAG infrastructure is the largest Genome Centre in Spain and possesses one of the largest DNA sequencing capacities in Europe.

59 Integrated Infrastructure for Omic Technologies (IOT)

Metabolomics Platform of the Centre for Omic Sciences

he Centre for Omic Sciences mechanisms involved, via the use of comple- (COS) is a scientific-technological mentary omic technologies such as genomics, facility equipped with the latest transcriptomics, or proteomics and validation http://omicscentre.com Ttechnology in metabolomics and in vitro, in vivo, or in humans. The COS applies proteomics, complemented with technology these technologies in order to increase knowl- for transcriptomics, genomics, and valida- edge on the subject and for innovative appli- tion of biomarkers. The COS belongs to the cations in health, human and animal nutrition, Rovira i Virgili University , and is managed by and the pharmaceutical and environmental the Nutrition and Health Technology Centre, industries. which provides scientific advice and technical support for the application of omic technologies in an integrated manner to the new challenges of the life sciences.

The integration into a single facility of multiple technologies for metabolomics and proteomics allows for the use of the most suitable technologies, or a combination of them, in order to determine their metabolic profiles. The meth- odologies of undirected metabolomics allow for the postulation of hypotheses that can be checked, and elucidate the biochemical

60 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

61 03 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

The equipment, staff, and organization of this distributed ICTS form resources for researchers in the field of biomedical imaging. This a dynamic collective for providing service to the scientific commu- distributed ICTS is composed of the Translational Imaging Infra- nity in the field of molecular and functional imaging, as well as structure of the CNIC and the Platform for Molecular and Functional advanced imaging. It includes latest-generation technologies and Imaging of CIC-biomaGUNE. HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

DISTRIBUTED NETWORK FOR BIOMEDICAL IMAGING (Redib)

Infrastructure for Advanced Translational Imaging (TRIMA)

he facilities included in this infra- Advanced Imaging, and High Throughput/ ular details in large samples such as organs structure are located at the Span- Content imaging. and model organisms. They also develop ish National Centre for Cardiovas- special applications such as very large image Tcular Research Carlos III (CNIC, The Molecular and Functional Imaging unit tiling, cell tracking, shape recognition, and Madrid) and have been in complete opera- provides services of optical and fluorescent 3D/4D- multicolour rendering and co-locali- tion since 2010. They are organized into three microscopy and develops new imaging appli- zation. This unit is also strongly committed to platforms: Molecular and Functional Imaging, cations that allow researchers to reach molec- technological innovation and the development

63 Red Distribuida de Imagen Biomédica (ReDIB)

of new applications of interest, as well as train- to carry out advanced applications of molec- ing in this type of techniques. The Advanced ular imaging for specific studies that increase Imaging unit provides cutting-edge technolo- the specificity and sensitivityf o the different http://www.cnic.es/imaging gies for imaging of organs in five different types: types of imaging. It not only allows working Magnetic Resonance (MRI), X-ray computed with pre-clinical models, but it also performs tomography (X-ray CT) and advanced Posi- imaging studies in humans. The high-perfor- tron Emission Tomography (PET), as well as mance imaging unit is a fully automated facil- hybrid imaging technology PET/MRI, ultra- ity that provides the latest technology in Flow sounds and optical imaging (bi- and tri-di- Cytometry to simultaneously measure multi- mensional fluorescence and luminescence). ple optical characteristics of each one of the Moreover, it features a laboratory devoted to particles or cells in a suspension, as well as nanotechnology and organic chemistry that High Content Screening, for the discovery of produces multifunctional nanoparticles and a new pharmaceuticals or approaches of func- radiochemical laboratory that provides radio- tional genomics using siRNA libraries. tracers for the pre-clinical imaging techniques available at the centre. This unit is equipped It is a facility with a translational mission that offers latest-generation technology for the advancement in the study of different cardio- vascular illnesses and pathologies from molecular to tissue levels, for pre-clinical studies of small animals, also applicable to humans. The goal is to accelerate the development process of new pharmaceuticals and therapies as well as new tools for diagnosis.

64 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Platform for Molecular and Functional Imaging at CIC biomaGUNE

his facility has been configured With the equipment, infrastructure, and organ- as a section of ther Cooperative ization of this facility, services are provided to Research Centre in Biomaterials the scientific community, as well as carrying T(CIC-biomaGUNE), which offi- out their own research projects in the fields cially opened in 2006 and is located in San of radiochemistry, nuclear imaging, magnetic Sebastián. resonance imaging (MRI), and imaging analysis. Specifically, the infrastructure has been Among other equipments, the facility contains designed, constructed, and equipped to carry a cyclotron capable of producing a large variety out longitudinal and multi-modal research of positron emitter isotopes, a radiochemical projects in the pre-clinical environment, as laboratory that is completelly equipped with well as developing applications in the areas of versatile automated systems for the manufac- Pre-Clinical Molecular and Functional Imaging ture of new chemical entities and high-quality and Nanomedicine. cutting-edge control equipment, hybrid PET-CT equipment (Positron Emission Tomigraphy – Computed Tomography), hybrid SPET-CT (Single-photon emission computed tomography - Computed Tomography) with energy discrimination, two chambers for high-field http://www.cicbiomagune.es/icts (11.7 and 7 Tesla) nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI), and fluorescence imaging equipment. The facilities are completed by an animal lab devoted to small rodents.

65 03 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

This network comprises publicly-owned high biosafety laboratories High Biosafety Laboratory at Animal Health Research Centre (CISA) open to the national and international scientific communities, that and High Biosafety Laboratory at the Centre de Recerca en Sanitat due to their dimensions and/or the characteristics of their facilities, Animal (CReSA). provide a unique opportunity for experimental studies otherwise not feasible at conventional centres. This distributed ICTS includes the HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

HIGH BIOSAFETY LABORATORIES NETWORK (RLASB)

High Biosafety Laboratory at Animal Health Research Centre (CISA)

he High Biosafety Laboratory at as 19 animal housings designed to accom- (NCB-3+, the highest biosafety level in the Animal Health Research Centre modate a variety of different species, rang- country). In total, these facilities span an area (CISA) was founded in 1993. The ing from fishes to horses. This facility enables of 10,824 m2. Tcentre is located in Valdeolmos experimental work with animals and research (Madrid) and belongs to the Spanish National on highly transmissible and exotic infectious CISA’s mission focuses on research, preven- Institute for Agricultural and Food Research diseases of severe impact either on animal tion and control of infectious and exotic and Technology (INIA), a public research health and/or for public health (zoonosis). Two diseases of Spanish livestock and wildlife, with organization. CISA’s high biosafety laboratory of the laboratories at CISA are equipped to a very active involvement in the development (Biological Safety Level 3, BSL-3) is composed perform research and development with high- of technologies for improving diagnostic and of 40 laboratories and common rooms, as well risk, exotic viruses that may affect humans control systems. It develops and promotes research in animal health at the highest scientific level, and participates as a supporting laboratory for the national reference laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Environment.

67 High Biosafety Laboratories Network (RLASB)

As a result of its capabilities and level of CISA, in addition to being a international biocontainment, CISA is one of the only two reference centre for the World Organisa- Spanish facilities licensed by the EU to work tion for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food http://wwwsp.inia.es/Investigacion/centros/ with the foot-and-mouth disease virus; Also, it and Agricultural Organisation of the United cisa/Paginas/Cisa.aspx is an EU reference laboratory for African swine Nations (FAO), it also holds close partner- fever, a FAO reference laboratory for biosafety ships with both national and international and biocontainment, takes part in the Spanish organizations like AECID (Spanish Agency for Network of Laboratories for Biological Alerts International Cooperation for Development), (acronym in Spanish: RELAB) and has actively OIRSA (International Regional Organization participated in a number of recent biological for Plant and Animal Health), IAEA (Interna- alerts, such as anthrax, BSE, avian flu, SARS tional Atomic Energy Agency), ICLAS (Interna- (Severe acute respiratory syndrome), Ebola, tional Council for Laboratory Animal Science), etc. and AFAAR (American Fund for Alternatives to Animal Research), among others. As well, it also forms part of specific networks in the field such as EPIZONE (Network for the Diagnosis and Control of Epizootic Animal Diseases), DISCONTOOLS (Development of effective instruments for the control of infectious diseases in animals), MEDILABSECURE (Network of laboratories for emerging patho- logical viruses for humans and/or animals).

68 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

High Biosafety Laboratory at the Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)

his infrastructure is part of the ISO 17025 accreditation audited by the Spanish Centre de Recerca en Sanitat National Accreditation Body (ENAC). With the Animal located on the campus use of animals for experimental purposes, the http://www.cresa.es/cresa3/default.asp Tof the Universitat Autònoma Centre complies with the strictest European de Barcelona (UAB). It is a public foundation regulations and criteria for animal welfare. created in 1999 by the UAB and the Institute The main objectives of CReSA are research, for Agrifood Research and Technology of Cata- development of technology, transference, and lonia (IRTA). education in the field of animal health and all its consequences for public health. CReSA’s High Biosafety Laboratory has a total work area, with a Biological Safety Level 3 (BSL-3), measuring 1.500m2. It provides the opportunity to work in labs with a total area of 350m2, being totally equipped for studies of virology, immunology, and cell and molecular biology. Worth noting is the ability to carry out studies with Cytometry and Cell Sorting under BSL-3 environment. It also features the ability to work in 12 experimental animal labs with a total surface area of 1,150m2 for farm and wild animals (large-sized), as well as laboratory animals (small-sized).

All of the activities carried out at the Centre fall within the certification of Good Labo- ratory Practices. Many of the diagnostic techniques used are also certified under a

69 03 HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory (LRB) is located in tion-free and has precise thermoregulation, thus meeting the the Barcelona Science Park and is part of the Scientific and Tech- requirements in terms of mechanical and thermal stability, as well nological Centres (CCiT) of the University of Barcelona. The LRB as featuring the absence of magnetic interference. The facility is located on a 722m2 site specially designed to host high-field began operation in the year 2000. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometers. It is vibra- HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (LRB) ©LRB LABORATORY

t features a wide collection of instru- development in order to optimise the features ments for diverse fields and configura- of the available instrumentation and to facili- tions supplemented by access to labo- tate, along with the users, the development Iratories of expression and purification and implementation of new applications. of marked proteins as well as the ability to integrate NMR with a large number of other experimental techniques at the CCiT of the University of Barcelona. It offers access to an 800 MHz, two 600 MHz, and three 500 MHz instruments, as well as to a Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) instrument attached to one of the 500 MHz instruments. Besides, the http://www.rmn.ub.es/lrb 800 MHz and one of the 600 MHz spectrometers are equipped with cryoprobes, in order to ©LRB obtain maximum sensitivity. In addition, one of the 500 MHz NMR machines is equiped with a ©Dr. Ernest Giralt HRMAS probe, specially adapted for the study of biological tissue or gel phase samples. The LRB is prepared to integrate latest-generation instruments with magnetic fields above 23 Tesla (1 GHz) and equipment for the study of biosolids.

NMR is used for the study of a large number of fields, such as the structure and dynam- ics of biomolecules, functional biology (NMR in vivo), identification and optimisation of pharmaceuticals in pharmaceutical research, including drug delivery , structural identification in organic or inorganic chemistry, food technology, and new materials. The LRB works continuously with methodological

©LRB

04 information and communication technologies 04 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

The former Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation founded the the coordinating body being the Barcelona Supercomputing Center Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES) in July 2006 as a response (BSC-CNS). to the need of the Spanish scientific community for increased computation capacity and access to intensive calculation resources, The RES not only provides supercomputing resources, it also offers considering the supercomputing resources as a decisive asset for the service of technical support to users as well as specific training. scientific and technological development of the country. Moreover it organizes users’ meetings and scientific seminars. The goal of these actions is to improve the efficient usage of the resources The RES consists of a distributed virtual infrastructure of supercom- and expand the use of supercomputing to all the research areas. puters located in different sites, each of which contributes to the total processing power available to users of different R&D groups. Currently, the supercomputers are located in Madrid (Supercom- puting and Visualization Centre of Madrid), the Canary Islands (Astrophysical Institute of the Canary Islands and the Technological Institute of the Canary Islands), the Universities of Cantabria, Malaga, Valencia, and Zaragoza, Supercomputing Centre of Galicia (CESGA), http://www.res.es and Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC), with INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

SPANISH EXPANDED SUPERCOMPUTING NETWORK (expanded RES) MareNostrum and MinoTauro of the Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS)

he (BSC–CNS) was officially a Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and a geneous machine with its main computational created in 2005 by the Central top-level hosting member of the European power derived from their graphical accelera- Government, the Regional research infrastructure PRACE (Partnership for tors (GPUs, Graphics Processiong Units). These TGovernment of Catalonia, and Advanced Computing in Europe); and co-ordi- GPUs provide more than 180 Tflops/s of peak the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya nator of the Spanish Supercomputing Network performance. The BSC provide the RES with (UPC). The BSC specialises in High Perfor- (RES). The BSC provides the RES with its two 24% of the computational power of MareNos- mance Computing (HPC) and it has a two-fold most powerful machines: MareNostrum and trum (totalling about 80 million CPU hours per mission: to provide infrastructure and super- MinoTauro. MareNostrum is a general-pur- year) and 60% of that of MinoTauro (totalling computing services to European scientists; pose machine featuring x86 processors (with more than 6 million of CPU hours per year). and to generate knowledge and technology 49,568 cores) and more than 1,1 Pflops/s of for the greater needs of society. The BSC is computational power. MinoTauro is a hetero-

http://www.bsc.es

75 Spanish Expanded Supercomputing Network (expanded RES)

Magerit at the Supercomputing and Visualization Centre of Madrid (CesViMa)

he CeSViMa belongs to the rit, a heterogeneous cluster with nearly lution screens. CesViMa allocates 20% of the Technical University of Madrid 4000 Power 7 cores and 800 Intel Xeon. All resources of Magerit2 to the RES. (UPM). It was created in 2004 nodes have 16 cores and 32 GB RAM (Power7) Tand is located at Montegancedo, or 64 GB (Intel Xeon E5-2670). It also has a Campus of International Excellence. The several special nodes with large memory and purpose of the centre is to provide High Perfor- accelerators (NVidia K20x and Intel Xeon Phi) mance Computing capabilities and exper- for development purposes. An Infiniband QDR tise, mainly to UPM researchers, although network connects all the nodes. Other clusters it has also been one of the largest resource of the centre are devoted to providing virtual http://www.cesvima.upm.es providers to the Spanish Supercomputing private servers and cloud storage. In addi- Network (RES). Currently, the centre provides tion, the centre has access to an immersive roughly 45 Million hours and serves more than visualization cave: a cube measuring 2.4m per 100 projects per year. CeSViMa hosts Mage- side, in which five of its faces are high reso-

Altamira at the University of Cantabria (UC)

his supercomputer is integrated processors, connected by a QDR Infiniband directly connected to RedIRIS by dark fiber, into the scientific and techni- network, including five nodes with Tesla GPUs, at a current bandwidth of 10 Gb/s. Altamira cal (SCTI) services of the UC, featuring a total of more than 7,500 cores. contributes to the RES with 20% of its Tand is installed at the Institute of The total memory available is over 10 TB resources. Physics of Cantabria (IFCA), a centre belonging (64 GB/node), and the computing power to the UC and the Spanish National Research reaches over 50 Tflops/s. Each node is inter- Council (CSIC). The IFCA carries out research connected by an Infiniband network to a high into astrophysics, high energy physics, and performance global parallel file ystems GPFS, distributed computing. The second Altamira with a total capacity of more than 2 PB. It is system was launched in October 2012 and https://www.unican.es/WebUC/Unidades/ has 163 IBM iDataPlex nodes with Xeon Investigacion/scti/ssc

76 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

LaPalma at the Canary Islands Astrophysical Institute (IAC)

he Centre for Astrophysics in La of the Teide and Roque de los Muchachos.To Palma (CALP), is part of the Astro- facilitate the use of supercomputers, the IAC physical Institute of the Canary has specialized engineers to support research- TIslands, composed of the Central ers. CALP provides the RES with 1024 cores, Government, the Regional Government of the is capable of carrying out more than 9 billion Canary Islands, the University of La Laguna and operations per second, and can store 37 TB. As the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). CALP is also a point of presence in the Span- The main objective of the IAC is astrophysics ish academic and research network (RedIRIS), research, development of scientific instrumen- the node connectivity is 10Gbps. This allows tation and management of the observatories for connection to the observatory at the Roque de los Muchachos and Teide at high speeds, as well as being accessible from any national, European or international research centre. LaPalma provides 50% of its computational power to the RES.

Tirant at the University of Valencia (UV)

he UV hosts the supercomputer Tirant. Tirant is located at the Campus of the University Tof Valencia (UV) at Burjassot. It is managed by the Computing Service of the UV (SIUV). The SIUV is responsible for manag- ing this infrastructure, as well as the system itself (at the hardware and software levels). The SIUV staff also offers support services to users. The supercomputer Tirant began service in January, 2008. Its current configuration, after the last upgrade (December 2012), is made up of 512 blades (a total of 1,024 cores) JS21 with 2 processors PowerPC 970MP dual core at 2,2 GHz and 4 GB of RAM, interconnected by a Myrinet network (2Gbit/s). This set up leads to a total of 2,048 cores with a peak performance around 18.8 Tflops. Tirant allocates 50% of its computing capacity to the RES.

77 Spanish Expanded Supercomputing Network (expanded RES)

Atlante at the Canary Islands Technological Institute (ITC).

his institute is administered by ing, and to improve access to the resources of peak performance can reach 3.1 Tflops/s. The the Regional Government of the the Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES). ITC provides support, training, and assessment Canary Islands, and features Atlante has been part of the RES since it began to users. Atlante provides the RES with 30% of TAtlante, a publicly-accessible operation in 2009. It is located at the Science its computing power. High-Performance Computer made availa- and Technology Park of the University of Las ble to R&D&I groups, technology companies Palmas de Gran Canaria. Atlante is a distrib- and local government administrations. The uted memory cluster, based on PowerPC ITC aims to promote the development of skills processors and IBM Bladecenter architecture, and excellence in the field of supercomput- consisting of 84 compute nodes (a total of 336 http://www.itccanarias.org/web/servicios/ cores) interconnected by Myrinet and Giga- software/Supercomputador.jsp bit Ethernet networks. It hosts 672 GB of total memory and a network storage shared system GPFS (General Parallel File System) totalling 96 TB. The operating system is SuSE Linux and its

Picasso at the University of Málaga (UMA)

he Supercomputing and Bioin- formatics (SCBI) Centre of the University of Malaga (UMA), Tlocated in the technological park of Andalusia, hosts the Picasso computer which began operations in February 1997, serving since then to the scientific community. In 2007 there was a turning point, when the University complemented the supercomputing facilities with bioinformatics tools and experts. The services offered by the SCBI are as follows: access to High Performance Computers, assistance and advice on the use of scientific applications and programming, training courses for users, software adapted to the researchers needs and specialized support for bioinformatics data analysis. Picasso stands out because of its seven shared memory computers, each with 2TB of RAM and 80 cores, which enable dealing with problems that would be imposible to solve with a classical cluster architecture. It also has 89 computers, with different technologies, so each researcher can use seamlessly, through a queue system, the one most suitable for each problem. Picasso provides 27% of its resources to the RES.

http://www.uma.es

78 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Caesaraugusta at the University of Zaragoza (UNIZAR)

he Institute for Biocomputation The BIFI operates Caesaraugusta, a super- and Physics of Complex Systems computer with 3,072 cores and 25 TFLOPs, (BIFI) is a research institute of the which is the current node of Aragón in the http://bifi.es/en/infrastructures/scientif- TUniversity of Zaragoza (UNIZAR). Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES). This ic-equipment/memento-caesaraugusta The Institute was founded in 2002 and its computing infrastructure is supplemented by research activities are classified into four main more than 10,000 volunteer computing cores areas: Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellu- (the Ibercivis project) and two special-pur- lar Biology, Physics, Biophysics, and Comput- pose machines (JANUS I and II) devoted to ing. The Computing area plays a two-fold role, material science calculations that are equiva- providing BIFI researchers and external organ- lent to several thousand cores. Caesarugusta isations with computing resources and, at the provides 20% of its power to the RES. same time, carrying out research into different fields of distributed/scientific computing.

Computing Infrastructure of the Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC)

he Consorci de Serveis Univer- The CSUC has three supercomputers with The infrastructure includes two clusters and sitaris de Catalunya (CSUC) is different architectures and numerous special- a shared memory supercomputer, a SGI Altix a public consortium that has ized software to meet the wide variety of users’ UV1000 with 1,344 cores, 112 TB of disk and Tbeen provided ICT infrastructure needs, not only providing them easy access 6 TB of memory which allow simulations with services for over 22 years. Sharing academic, to supercomputers but also technical and a high memory demand. CSUC provides 20% scientific, library, knowledge transfer and scientific highly specialized support through of its computing capacity to the RES. management services, its goal is to achieve a comprehensive supercomputing service. better efficacy and efficiency by boosting synergies and economies of scale. CSUC is formed by ten Catalan universities and the Regional Government of Catalonia. Originally founded as the Supercomputing Centre of Catalonia in 1991, with the purpose of providing computing services, it currently provides services to over 200 institutions (universities, research institutions, hospitals, technology centres, scientific parks, etc.) with numerous research projects in areas such as physics, theoretical chemistry, biomolecular modeling, Earth sciences, numerical methods in engineering, etc.

http://www.csuc.cat/es

79 Spanish Expanded Supercomputing Network (expanded RES)

Finis Terrae Supercomputer at the Galicia Supercomputing Centre (CESGA)

he Supercomputing Centre of Supercomputers such as Finis Terrae can Galicia (CESGA) is an institu- provide benefits to a very wide range of scien- tion that is jointly owned by the tific areas. Additionally, CESGA has other cloud TRegional Government of Galicia and grid type computing platforms and works and the Spanish National Research Council in other areas of activity such as advanced (CSIC). The mission of the CESGA, established communications, collaborative tools, transfer in 1993, is to contribute to the advancement of to industry, or GIS (Geographic Information science and technology through the research Systems). Finis Terrae contributes to RES with and application of high-performance comput- 20% of its computing power. ing and communications, in partnership with other institutions and for the benefit of society. The CESGA hosts the Finis Terrae supercomputer since 2008, with 2400 processors and 14,01 Tflops/s, currently undergoing a process of renovation, expected to reach more than 300 Tflops/s during 2015. Finis Terrae isa constellation-type supercomputer formed http://www.cesga.es/ from two subsystems – a computing system and a massive online storage system, both of which are essential for its correct operation.

80 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

81 04 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

RedIRIS - the advanced communications network for the research Secretariat of Telecommunications and the Information Society and education community in Spain – is overseen by the State Secre- (SETSI) of the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Energy, and Tourism . tariat for R&D&I of the Ministry of Economy and Competitive- The communications backbone of RedIRIS spans the entire national ness, which finances it and set its strategy. Since 2004, the tech- territory and contains approximately 60 Points of Presence distrib- nical and operational management of RedIRIS has been carried out uted throughout all the regions of Spain. The RedIRIS headquarters by the public corporate entity Red.es, which belongs to the State is located in Madrid. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

SPANISH ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH NETWORK (RedIRIS)

edIRIS was launched in 1988, RedIRIS provides its users with very high-ca- etc.). with the purpose of provid- pacity connections (10,000 Mbps), which are ing universities and scientific especially necessary for e-science projects http://www.rediris.es Rresearch centres with their own (high-energy physics, life sciences, astron- communications network, through which omy, etc.). The portfolio of services offered by large amounts could be transferred easily and RedIRIS also includes other network services securely. This would facilitate remote cooper- (Virtual Private Networks / VPNs, IP addresses, ation between these centres and their partic- DNS, network monitoring, etc.) and various ipation in national and international projects. additional services for its users (digital iden- Over the last 25 years, the network infrastruc- tity, digital certificates, anti-spam filtering, ture of RedIRIS has gradually evolved to adapt eduROAM mobility service, mailing lists, etc.). itself to increasingly more refined technologies as they became available and to the needs of its users. The most recent step in that evolu- tionary process has been the rollout of RedI- RIS-NOVA, a very high-capacity dark fibre backbone network with 12,000 kilometres of fibre and the previously-mentioned 60 Points of Presence, to which are connected - either directly or via regional research and education networks – to over 500 academic and scientific institutions (mainly universities, public research entities and others ICTS).

RedIRIS operates within a framework of close collaboration with other research and education networks, both regional and international. These include the pan-European research and education network GÉANT, to which RedIRIS contributes financially, also participating in its management. Through GÉANT, RedIRIS is integrated into the Global Research Intranet.

05 ENERGy 05

ENERGY

The Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA) is recognised as a Major Euro- administered by the State. It is located in the southeast of Spain, pean Scientific Facility. The International Energy Agency (IEA) began in the Tabernas Desert, at 37º05’27.8” north and 2º21’19” west. It its construction in 1979, and in 1986 it became part of the Institute receives a annual direct exposure to sunlight of over 1900 kWh/m2, for Renewable Energies of Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, making it a privileged location for experimentation with solar energy Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), a Public Research Body systems. ENERGY

PLATAFORMA SOLAR DE ALMERÍA (PSA)

he PSA is the largest research up to 20 m, several solar furnaces (the greater Spain in general, and Andalusia in particular, centre in Europe devoted to with a total power of 60 kWt), a desalination possesses an abundant resource of energy concentrated solar radiation pilot plant 3 m3/h and a photochemical pilot available in the form of sunlight. Faced with Ttechnologies, desalatation and plant with a capacity of up to 500 L. increasing effects of climate change and an fotochemistry. It is a privileged place for the excessive dependence on external energy development, evaluation, demonstration, and The Plataforma Solar de Almería offers a wide sources, the exploration and exploitation of transfer of solar concentrating technologies, range of services befitting its international national resources, such as renewable ener- both for thermal applications and for chemical importance, allowing for the study of multi- gies, is a matter of strategic importance. In this processes. It offers researchers and compa- ple aspects of concentrated solar technology, context, a scientific infrastructurelik e the Plata- nies scientific facilities that are among the most such as thermal and thermodynamic charac- forma Solar de Almería is an essential tool. advanced and comprehensive in the world, terization of distinct elements of solar recep- along with sunlight and climate characteris- tors, the characterization of materials for these tics similar to those of many countries in the elements, the qualification of new processes so-called “Sunbelt” (located between latitudes or testing, modelling, and simulation of ther- 40 north and 35 south). It hosts large test facil- mosolar production plants. http://www.psa.es ities that include central receiver systems with an output of up to 5 MWt, a field of parabolic trough collectors up to 2.5-MWt, a test bench for parabolic trough collectors with a length of

87 05

ENERGY

The LNF is a department belonging the Centro de Investigaciones national level, is divided into two large types of activity: on one hand, Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) a Public the study of plasmas confined at high temperatures, and on the other Research Body administered by the State. It is located at the head- hand, the technology necessary to construct and operate fusion reac- quarters of CIEMAT in Madrid and its activity began with the start of tors: materials, superconductors, generation of tritium, energy extrac- the TJ-II experiment, in 1998. Fusion research, at European and inter- tion, remote maintenance, etc. ENERGY

NATIONAL FUSION LABORATORY (LNF)

he LNF hosts the TJ-II stellara- laboratory for materials characterization to tion of ITER, and has been an essential piece tor, an average-sized magnetic study the chemical, physical, and mechanical to achieve the placement of the European confinement device with a major properties (impedance meters, UV-Vis and IR F4E Agency in Spain. Likewise, it has under- Tradius of 1.5 m, a minor radius spectrometers, equipment mechanical testing taken since the beginning the Spanish partic- of 0.2 m and a magnetic field of 1 T. The high machines, SIMS, SEM+FIB, etc.). Notewor- ipation in the ‘Broader Approach’ agreement temperature plasmas are obtained by means thy among these due to its uniqueness is the signed between the European Union and of radiofrequency heating (800 kW at 53 GHz) SIM/SNMS equipment for elemental analysis Japan, as well as the projects included in the and the injection of hydrogen neutral beams in solids, the dual-beam equipment (electrons IFMIF roadmap and the European fusion with a power of 1,6 MW (at an energy of 40 and ions) SEM+FIB, and the servo-hydraulic programme. It is important to note the keV). TJ-II features 92 ports where diagnostics testing machine capable up to 100KN. These socio-economic impulse achieved by its have access for measuring different plasma complete facilities and instrumentation allow activities, positioning Spanish industry as a parameters to carry out different experi- for essential services for experimentation with highly-competitive supplier for the construc- ments. In the field of fusion technology, the fusion technologies by national and interna- tion of other fusion devices, especially ITER. LNF features the instrumentation necessary tional users. for the modification by radiation of materials (Van de Graaf electron accelerator, low The LNF centralizes fusion research in Spain, energy ion implanter), together with a whole leading Spanish participation in the construc-

http://fusionsites.ciemat.es

06 engineering 06

ENGINEERING

MARHIS (Maritime Aggregated Research Hydraulic Infrastructures) and technological services in a coordinated manner. It is composed is a distributed ICTS with the goal of increasing the competitiveness of the infrastructures of Maritime Engineering Laboratory of the and efficiency of the Spanish ICTS in the area of hydraulic maritime Catalonia University of Technology, BarcelonaTech and the Environ- engineering (coastal, ports, and offshore), offering its infrastructures mental Hydraulics Institute of Cantabria. ENGINEERING

MARITIME AGGREGATED RESEARCH HYDRAULIC INFRASTRUCTURES (MARHIS)

Cantabria Coastal and Ocean Basin (GTIM-CCOB)

he Cantabria Coastal and Ocean It features two flumes for directional waves The capacity of the facilities, the experience of Basin (GTIM/CCOB), located in with the capacity to generate currents and the team members, and the use of latest-gen- the Scientific and Technological wind, three flames for waves-currents, one eration software for numerical modelling and TPark of Cantabria (PCTCAN) is current flume with a variable slope, a tank for advanced instrumentation, allow for tests of managed by the Foundation for Environmental the study of hypersaline spills, along with an basic research of the behaviour of fluids, struc- Hydraulics Institute. Its facilities are equipped area for the construction of fluvial models. The tures, and devices, the calibration and valida- with the latest technology for creation of GTIM/CCOB tank has a width of 44 m, a length tion of all types of numerical models, as well waves, currents, and wind, with capacity for of 30 m, and a variable depth (maximum of as carrying out specific testing of design and physical model testing. Here, phenomena are 3.4 m), the capacity to generate multi-di- optimisation of structure applied to the fluvial studied related to the generation and propa- rectional waves, omni-directional currents and maritime environments. gation of waves, wave-wave interaction and and wind, as well as a trench of 6m in diam- waves-structure interaction, stability and eter and 8 additional meters of depth. It is behaviour of coastal protection structures, also worth noting the waves-currents-tsu- seawalls and maritime structures, behaviour nami flume named COCoTsu (56m in length, http://www.ihcantabria.com/es/instala- of floating structures, the operation of valves 2 m in width, and variable height with a maxi- ciones/itemlist/category/72 and hydraulic machinery, as well as the testing mum of 2.5m), due to being a innovative facil- of devices for the generation of marine energy. ity designed for medium and large-scale test- It enables physical and numerical modelling of ing of structures for coastal protection, float- problems in deep and shallow waters, as it has ing structures, studies of wave-current and the capacity for testing at any range of depth, wave-structure interaction, among others. including the possibility of carrying out experiments at depths equivalent to 1,000 m at a scale of 1/100.

93 Maritime Aggregated Research Hydraulic Infrastructures (Marhis)

Integrated Coastal Infrastructure for Experimentation and Modelling (iCIEM)

he Integrated Coastal Infrastruc- a relevant tool for controlled hydraulic exper- cal measurements of transparent water with tures for Experimentation and iments in coastal, harbour and oceanographic the CIEM. Modelling (iCIEM) is an integrated engineering, as well as in other fields such as Tinfrastructure distributed among aquaculture and wave-energy facilities. CIEM The Maritime Field Observation Laboratory different locations of the coastal area of Barce- is completely integrated into the European features the XIOM Shelf Observatory for the lona devoted to research and engineering in hydraulic institutions that currently make up collection of meteorological and oceano- the maritime field (coastal, harbour, and envi- the HYDRALAB network, of which it was a graphic variables along the Catalan coast, from ronmental applications). It is composed of a founding member. The CIEMito is a transpar- the Gulf of Roses to the Ebro Delta with the combination of different scales laboratories, ent flume with a total length of 18m, a useful ability to measure waves, currents, meteorol- field monitoring stations, and advanced plat- section measuring approximately 0.40m in ogy, long-period oscillations (tides and other forms for numerical modelling. The iCIEM is width and 0.56m in height. It allows for small- long waves), and a group of maritime-shore managed by the Maritime Engineering Labora- scale experimentation and to achieve optimi- meteorological stations especially adapted for tory, a specialised research centre of the Cata- sation and complementarity, mainly with opti- the coastal area. The Pont de Petroli Coastal lonia University of Technology, BarcelonaTech (LIM/UPC).

The Modelling Laboratory is located on the UPC northern campus, in Barcelona. The main facilities are the large-scale wave flume CIEM (Flume for Maritime Research and Experimentation) and the small-scale flume CIEMito, both with the capacity to generate waves and currents. The first is a large flume for 2D tests with almost-null distortion (100m in length, 3m in width, and up to 7m in depth),

94 ENGINEERING

Observatory is a jetty that extends 250m offshore, from the shallow surface waters to intermediate depths (12 m). It is the first installation in microtidal conditions in the European Union, and it supplements the network of instrumentalized jetties that includes HORS in Japan, or Duck in the USA. Both Laboratories are supplemented with a high-resolution Numerical Modelling Labora- tory, which provides services that run from the replication of hydraulic models to systems of meteo-oceanographic parameters prediction , as well as a Remote Wave Laboratory (rWLaB), a platform for educational, research, and the dissemination of knowledge that provides remote access to the laboratory facilities and the different field data stations (XIOM and Pont del Petroli).

http://ciemlab.upc.edu

07 MATERIALS 07

MATERIALS

The ALBA Synchrotron is a complex of electron accelerators aimed equally co-financed by the Central Government and the Regional at producing synchrotron light to analyse the structure and prop- Government of Catalonia. The project was approved in 2003 and its erties of materials at the nanoscale. It is located in Cerdanyola del construction began in 2006. ALBA was inaugurated in 2010 and has Vallès (Barcelona) in the Parc de l’ALBA. It is a public consortium, operated with official users since mid-2012. MATERIALS

ALBA

LBA is a third generation synchro- resolution angular photoemission and will be tron light source, similar to the operative in 2017 and 2019, respectively. latest sources built in Europe. AThe complex of accelerators is Every year, the ALBA Synchrotron produces based on a lineal accelerator, used to accel- about 6,000 hours of beamtime on each of the erate electrons till 100 MeV, a booster – where beamlines and is available to host more than the electrons are speeded up to 3,0 GeV, and 1,000 researchers, from both the public and a storage ring, where the synchrotron light is the business sectors. Projects from the public emitted to the different experimental stations. sector are selected by an external international scientific committee, in a public call, based Although up to 31 ports are available to extract on the scientific excellence of the submitted the synchrotron light, ALBA has currently seven proposals. Users form industrial companies- operative beamlines including hard and soft can request light hours to carry out their exper- X-rays. These beamlines have applications iments in accordance with an established fee. in scientific areas such as life sciences, physics of condensed matter (nanoscience and magnetic and electronic properties), chemistry ©Sergio Ruiz and material science. In 2014, ALBA has begun construction of two new beamlines which will be devoted to infrared spectroscopy and high

©Sergio Ruiz

http://www.albasynchrotron.es

MATERIALS

This distributed ICTS is composed of the Integrated Clean Room for Valencia. The three infrastructure sites are coordinated to provide Micro and Nano Fabrication of the National Microelectronics Centre services to the entire scientific community in the fields of Microe- of the CSIC, located in Barcelona, the Centre for Technology of the lectronics, Optoelectronics, and Nanophotonics. Together, they offer Institute of Optoelectronics Systems and Microtechnology of the more than 2,000m2 of clean rooms (types 10-100-10,000) to the UPM, located in Madrid, and the Micro-Nanofabrication Infraestruc- scientific community and industry, along with associated laborato- ture at the Nanophotonics Technology Center of the UPV, located in ries for encapsulation and systems and devices characterization. MATERIALS

MICRO AND NANO-FABRICATION CLEAN ROOMS NETWORK (MICRONANOFABS)

Integrated Clean Room for Micro and Nano-fabrication of the National Microelectronic Centre of the CSIC (SBCNM)

his infrastructure is devoted to The SBCNM is an open-access facility with The range of applications covered by the the development and applica- the objective of providing support to national SBCNM is very wide, including biomedicine, tion of innovative technologies and international research groups as well as environment, food, energy, mobility, security, Tin the field of icr M oelectronics industry in order to carry out R&D&I based communications, consumer electronics, etc. and other Micro/Nano components. Since its on a complete set of micro and nanotechnol- For these applications the main implementa- creation in 1991, it has belonged to the Span- ogies and processes of manufacture located tions offered by the SBCNM are semi-conduc- ish National Reseach Council (CSIC) and is in a highly-specialised clean environment tor devices, including power devices and radi- managed as part of the Institute for Microelec- (1,500 m2). Led by a team of experts, and ation detectors, sensors, actuators and MEMS tronics of Barcelona, of the National Micrioel- thanks to operational procedures and the reli- (Microelectromechanical Systems), nanoscale ectronics Centre. ability and repetitiveness of the processes, actuators and devices, Lab-on-Chip Systems, this infrastructure also provides services to and polymeric devices. companies, from the technology dissemination and training to small series of device prototypes, circuits, and systems based on micro and nanotechnologies. http://www.imb-cnm.csic.es/index.php/en/ clean-room

101 Micro and Nano-Fabrication Clean Rooms Network (MICRONANOFABS)

Centre for Technology of the Institute of Optoelectronic Systems and Microtechnology of the UPM (CT- ISOM)

he Institute of Optoelectronic the CT-ISOM to the scientific community and Systems and Microtechnology technological companies to carry out their (ISOM) is a University Research R&D&I projects are those related to the fields http://www.isom.upm.es/CT-ISOM/pres.php TInstitute within the Techni- of research undertaken by ISOM: electron- cal University of Madrid (UPM). It integrates ics, micro-nanotechnology, optoelectronics, several research groups carrying out projects magnetism, functional integration, among in the areas of Optoelectronics and Micro-Na- others. noelectronics. It is located at the School of Telecommunications Engineering.

The equipment and advanced instrumentation of CT-ISOM allow the manufacture of various electronic materials others than silicon, technological processing, and obtaining electronic, optical, optoelectronic and magnetic devices. With the electron beam lithography system, it is possible to create these structures at the micrometer and nanometer size.

The facilities of CT-ISOM consist of 400 m2 of clean rooms, 300 m2 of characterization laboratories, and 200 m2 of instrumentation and electronics laboratories. Facilities include a room for Industrial Cooperation and Tech- nology Transfer, as well as an office for the management of external services. Support services and scientific activities provided by

102 MATERIALS

Micro and Nano-fabrication Infrastructure at the Nanophotonic Technology Center of the UPV (NF – CTN)

F-NTC is a facility owned by the The facility offers rapid prototyping nanofab- Technical University of Valencia rication services to research groups (basic and (UPVLC) and is located in the Vera applied) and technology companies that may NCampus. It began operations require its services. These services include at the end of 2009, offering nanofabrication from consultancy design services for specific services. photonic devices, or complete solutions based on integrated photonics of silicon, to specific NF-CTN has a complete 150 mm-wafer CMOS CMOS step processes or a complete manu- (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconduc- facture of a passive or active silicon photonic tor) production line located in a clean room of device. In addition, physical and optical char- 500 m2 that includes the following technology: acterization processes are also carried out on optical lithography (mask aligners and a DUV the devices or structures manufactured. stepper) and direct-writing (electron-beam based), photoresist coating and developer, both dielectrics and metal depositions, chemical etching (wet and dry), ion implantation, etc. Besides, it contains a complete laboratory for http://www.ntc.upv.es the assembly and encapsulation of integrated photonic components, laboratories for physical and optical characterization of devices, and a laboratory for the characterization of systems and optical networks.

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MATERIALS

This distributed ICTS includes two infrastructure sites, the them complementary for applications ranging from crystal chem- National Centre for Electron Microscopy in Madrid and the Labo- istry of materials to catalysis, materials for energy, functional ratory of Advanced Microscopy in Zaragoza. Together, they offer materials and communications. microscopy equipment with exclusive design aspects that make

1 nm Atomic resolution image of Sr4Mn3O10 oxide taken with the ARM200cFEG electron microscope with aberration correction in the condenser lens MATERIALS

INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF MATERIALS (ELECMI)

National Centre for Electron Microscopy (CNME)

CTS-CNME management is supervised by The presence of two particular microscopes as various SEM/TEM (Transmission Electron General Foundation of the Complutense provided with the most advanced tech- Microscopy) devices for a full structural and University of Madrid (UCM) and the nology currently available makes this facil- compositional characterization prior to the IVice-rectory for Scientific Research and ity remarkably relevant: An ARM 200cFEG sub-Angstrom analysis. Policy (UCM), which are responsible for its probe corrected and equipped with last maintenance, providing all the technical and generation analytic techniques and another human resources necessary for its proper ARM 300cFEG device image corrected with a operation. It is located at the Chemistry resolution of 0.05 nm. These two microscopes Department of the UCM. are supported by advanced SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) microscopes as well http://www.cnme.es The CNME main goals are development, implementation and availability of the most advanced electronic microscopy techniques and methods, allowing for the observation, analysis, characterization and manipulation of organic and inorganic materials at the atomic level. It includes a wide range of transmission, scanning, electron probe microanalyzers and atomic force microscopy devices, and it is equipped with last generation aberration corrected microscopes.

105 Integrated Infrastructure for Electron Microscopy of Materials (ELECMI)

Advanced Microscopy Laboratory (LMA)

he Advanced Microscopy Labo- probe and electron microscopies for the The singular and strategic nature of LMA, along ratory depends administratively observation, characterization, nanopatterning with the availability of the most advanced on the University of Zaragoza and handling of materials at the atomic and technology, the experience of its staff, and its Tthrough the Institute of Nanosci- molecular scales. In addition, the LMA hosts scientific excellence, make this facility one of ence of Aragon and is located at the Río Ebro other important laboratories that are crucial the few infrastructure sites of this type avail- Campus in Zaragoza. for the characterization, processing and able at the international level, and provide manipulation at the nanometric level includ- service to the scientific community for research The LMA is a unique initiative at national and ing a clean room (photolithography), dual and development in our country. international levels, aimed at providing the beam techniques for sample preparation and Industrial and Scientific communities with other characterization techniques based on the most advanced infrastructure for local photoelectron spectroscopy.

http://lma.unizar.es

106 MATERIALS

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MATERIALS

The Pulsed Lasers Centre (CLPU) is an infrastructure site devoted (Villamayor Campus), managed by a public Consortium founded to research and development of technology of ultra-intense pulsed in 2007 and co-funded by the Central Government, the Regional lasers. It is located at the Science Park of the University of Salamanca Government of Castilla y León, and the University of Salamanca. MATERIALS

his facility hosts VEGA, a Titani- VEGA 1 and VEGA 2 are already in operation, including those at the forefront of scien- um:Sapphire laser system with the two most powerful lasers in Spain; mean- tific research. Among others, it is important CPA technology (Chirped Pulsed while VEGA 3 is in its final construction phase to note the measurement and control of the TAmplification) able to work with and start-up and will be one of the ten most elementary nature processes at Attosecond a pulse duration of 30 femtoseconds and to powerful laser systems in the world. Further- time scales; the development of new light reach peak power of a Petawatt. The structure more, the facility has installed other CPA laser sources; the production of nanoparticles and of VEGA is unique at the international level, systems with a higher repetition rate and nanosurfaces; the micromachining of all mate- with a design in three perfectly-synchro- a carrier envelope phase system with only rials types for industry (aerospace, microelec- nized phases, as they share the same pulse 6 femtoseconds of duration stabilized in phase, tronics, implantology, etc.), the development generator system: VEGA1 and VEGA2 (20 and also unique in Spain. of microsurgery techniques; the display of 200 Terawatt respectively, both at 10 shots per molecules and biological tissues, electron and second), and VEGA 3 (1 Petawatt at 1 shot per Thanks to the versatility of the laser system, ion acceleration, X-Ray generation and new second). there is a wide list of potential applications, applications in nuclear physics (such as laser protontherapy) and particle physics (quantum vacuum).

http://www.clpu.es

©CLPU ©CLPU

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MATERIALS

The National Accelerator Centre (CNA) is a jointly-operated centre at the Scientific and Technological Park at the Isla de la Cartuja in belonging to the University of Seville, the Regional Government of Sevilla. Its mission is to carry out research on particle accelerators Andalusia, and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) located and their multiple applications since 1998. MATERIALS

NATIONAL ACCELERATOR CENTRE (CNA)

urrently, the CNA has three of radiopharmaceuticals of a short lifespan that With all the aforementioned equipment, the particle accelerators. A 3 MV cannot be carried out any other way. CNA features ion accelerators with a wide van de Graaff Tandem Accelera- range of application convering among others Ctor for the application of a large Additionally, there is a 14C dating service disciplines such as biomedicine, mate- number of analysis techniques, with an asso- unique in our country, with a new dating rial sciences, pharmacology, environmental ciated measuremet service via the application system known as MiCaDaS (Mini radioCarbon sciences, physics, and nuclear instrumentation. of IBA techniques. A 1 MV Cockcroft-Wal- Dating System), which reduces and simplifies ton Tandem Accelerator (Tandetron) used for this analysis as well as making it less expen- mass spectrometry that allows for the study sive. There is also an irradiator of 60Co that is of problems of interest in archaeology, hydrol- currently the most powerful at national level ogy, glaciology, and the environment, among and one of the most versatile available, open- http://acdc.sav.us.es/cna others. And a Cyclotron that supplies 18 MeV ing up the possibility of carrying out radia- protons, primarily for the production of radi- tion tests with protons and ions in fields as opharmaceuticals and research into nuclear diverse as aerospace technology, meteorology medicine and basic nuclear physics that, along of ionizing radiation, or tissues irradiation of with a PET/CT scanner (Positron Emission biological research samples. Tomigraphy – Computed Tomography) for large animals and humans, allows for studies

111

08 socio-economic sciences and humanities 08 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

The National Research Centre on Human Evolution (CENIEH) was Since 2009, its facilities have been located in one of the buildings of founded in 2004 as a public consortium equally co-financed by the the Complex of Human Evolution, in the city of Burgos. Central Government and the Regional Government of Castilla y León. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE ON HUMAN EVOLUTION (CENIEH)

he CENIEH facilitates research Infrastructure (ICTS), regarded as essential, are into the field of Human Evolu- grouped into three major technical areas: tion during the Pliocene and Tthe Pleistocene eras, promot- - The area of Sedimentology and characteri- ing awareness and transfer of knowledge to zation of materials: including laboratories society as well as promoting and supporting of Microscopy, Micro-Computed Tomogra- collaboration with excavations at archaeo- phy, Archaeometry, Geology, and Rooms for logical sites from these periods, both in Spain preparing thin sections of rock and studying and in other parts of the world. The CENIEH is soil micromorphology. also responsible for the conservation, restoration, management and record of palaeon- - The area of Geochronology: Includes large tological and archaeological collections from facilities and laboratories for Uranium Series the excavations at Atapuerca and other sites, dating, Luminescence, Electron Spin Reso- both nationally and internationally, with similar nance (ESR), and Archaeomagnetism as well characteristics that reach agreements with the as the corresponding spaces for prepara- Centre. tion of samples, such as a Clean Room, Dark Room, and a room for sample preparation Currently, it consists of five research for dating of cosmogenic nuclides plus trans- http://www.cenieh.es programmes: Spatial and Economic Archae- verse equipment, HPGe germanium detec- ology, Geoarchaeology, Geochronology, Pale- tors, and a gamma irradiator. obiology of Hominids and Prehistoric Technol- ogy. Additionally, the CENIEH features labo- - The area of Collections, Conservation, and ratories, a specialized library, multi-purpose Restoration: devoted to management and rooms, open spaces and work areas that have conservation of material from national and been equipped so that the research on Human international excavation sites, especially Evolution can become an international point from Atapuerca. of reference. The laboratories that give it its status as a Unique Scientific and Technical

115 We appreciate the collaboration of all the Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS) and entities involved in the elaboration of this document.

We thank RedIRIS for its assistance with the ICTS logo design. We would like to thank especially Cristina Lorenzo Fernández.

Edited by: Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Secretary of State for Research, Development, and Innovation

eNIPO: 720-15-136-8

Design and layout by: Sneakerlost

116 GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE ESPAÑA DE ECONOMÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD