DOCSLIB.ORG

A Tse Risk Assessment for Using Meat-And-Bone-Meal As Fuel for the Production of Cement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Tse Risk Assessment for Using Meat-And-Bone-Meal As Fuel for the Production of Cement : e. ,’ .( b’ ‘-A TSE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR USING MEAT-AND-BONE-MEAL AS FUEL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT Ray Bradley CBE Private BSE Consultant Guildford UK E-mail: [email protected] inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. !,:: c : :) h:@’ {a, .,‘, I EPA Export 25-07-2013:14:35:46 A TSE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR USING MEAT-AND-BONE-MEAL AS FUEL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT Ray Bradley CBE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A risk assessment has been conducted to assess direct and indirect risks from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents to public and animal health as a result of changes to the fuel used by Lagan Cement Ltd, Killaskillen, Co. Meath, Republic of Ireland to produce cement. The stimulus for this risk analysis is a result of Lagan Cement making an application to the Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development to use lawfully produced meat-and-bone-meal (MBM) derived from rendering Irish animal by-products including specified risk materials (SRM) as a fuel for the production of cement. SRM comprises the tissues from a bovine carcase that carry a BSE risk and tissues from sheep and goat carcases with the highest risk of being infected with a scrapie agent. The risks to be assessed are those to public and animal health directly or indirectly through the food or feed chains. The BSE agent from cattle is a human pathogen but scrapie agents are not. The assessment has been conducted following a site visit, consultation of relevant legal and scientific documents and official reports of expert committees and quantitative risk assessors and using the wide experience of the author. The assessment has been conducted by investigating the TSE risks that might derive from the animal starting material permitted into the starting material for rendering in Ireland (the SOURCE); the effectiveness of rendering as used in Ireland to inactivate any TSE infectivity they may contain and the ability of cement manufacture to combust the MBM and destruct any remaining TSE infectivity (collectively the PROCESS). A third factor (USE) is not For inspection purposes only. relevant to this assessment becauseConsent there of copyright is onlyowner requiredone use for any option other use. for cement (for building) that is unchanged, no matter what fuel is used. Furthermore, as the report will show, there is no risk beyond negligible from the point at which the MBM in cornbusted and destroyed. e In regard to SOURCE, under European law MBM in Ireland can be produced in theory from animal materials of three Categories: 1, 2 and 3. Category 2 and Category 3 material does not present a TSE risk, so the MBM produced from such material does not present a TSE risk either and is not considered further. Category 1 material does present an actual or potential TSE risk. The level of risk in the European Union (EU) is variable depending on the nature of the starting material permitted into rendering by national law. In Ireland this is very strictly - controlled and eliminates the--,highest TSE risk material, namely the whole carcase and.all tissues and organs from those animals clinically suspected and confirmed to have BSE (passive surveillance). Targeted active surveillance and ‘Rapid’ testing of risk animals over 24 months old and slaughter cattle over 30 months old enables unsuspected cases of BSE to be detected beyond those identified by passive surveillance alone. The BSE infectivity actually present in the SRM from this additional population is likely to be less than that present in clinically confirmed cases because they would mostly be at an earlier stage of incubation. Thus, the BSE risk in Category 1 animal by-products in Ireland is limited to infectivity in a small proportion of the total SRM that come from infected animals that are in the early or mid stages of the incubation period and have not been, or cannot be, identified 0 2 EPA Export 25-07-2013:14:35:47 clinically, or by ‘Rapid’ testing. A small but declining risk in SRM starting materials might also result from the inclusion of potentially infected tissues from slaughter cattle cross contaminated with infected tissues from an adjacent rare slaughter animal that tests positive for BSE. The level (titre) of infectivity in the SRM from infected cattle that have tested negative for BSE is not known with certainty but is expected to be at least 10 times lower than that in the brain of a positive animal, In Ireland the BSE epidemic is past its peak, the age of positive animals is increasing so the amount of infectivity in SRM is declining year on year. SRM from goats presents a very low risk from scrapie agents as the incidence of scrapie in goats is very low in Ireland though not many have been tested. Because a recent case of BSE in a goat in France has been identified there is a much increased active surveillance for TSE in goats throughout the EU. Even in sheep, though the incidence of scrapie is higher than in goats it is still relatively low. BSE has not been detected in sheep in any country of the world to date (March 2005). Scrapie may also be declining because of selection of resistance alleles in breeding rams and because flocks in which scrapie is diagnosed must now under EC law either be culled or genotyped with susceptible sheep eliminated. It is too early to determine the extent of scrapie in sheep in any country because active surveillance has not been in existence for long enough and is as yet incomplete. Transmissible mink encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease, TSE of captive wild ruminants and domestic cats and TSE in native- born captive wild FELIDAE do not exist in Ireland and present no TSE risk in starting materials for rendering. Thus it is concluded that some Category 1 material in Ireland will contain TSE infectivity but the amount is small and declining and the titre of infectivity within it is relatively low. In regard to PROCESS and rendering in Ireland all rendering plants operate to the same standard and use pressure cooking (particle size I 50 mm, 133” C, 3 bar, 20 min) that reduces BSE infectivity by 2 3 logs. Furthermore, the rendering parameters adopted by law are enforced by the Department of Agriculture and are sufficiently robust to inactivate the vast majority, if not all the input infectivity in the resulting MBM. There is thus a low (and decreasing) likelihood that SRM ForMBM inspection in purposes Ireland only. could contain significant levels of Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. infectivity in more than a small proportion of the total amount of MBM produced per annum (150,000 tons). In regard to PROCESS and cement manufacture the EC has declared that Category 1 MBM must be incinerated (and the ashes buried in a licensed landfill facility) or be co-incinerated. Cement manufacture is one authorised means for disposal by co-incineration though plants that employ MBM as a fuel must be licensed to do so by the appropriate authorities. Collectively all scientific studies relating to TSE agent inactivation by dry heat indicate complete destruction at temperatures over 600” C and especially in the vicinity of 1000” C and higher. All end products have been shown to-be .biologically inert over 1000” C. The MBM used as a fuel for cement manufacture will be completely combusted either directly in the flame at a temperature in excess of 2000” C or at 1400” C in the kiln. Exposure to these destructive temperatures follows pre-heating in cyclones at about 850” C and during a total transit time of c. 20 seconds for the raw (mineral) meal and c. 8 seconds for gases. The particle size of the MBM (measured in pm) will be the same as that for coal, and the raw (mineral) meal and will have a consistency of a fine powder. Such a small size will enable rapid heat penetration and immediate combustion in the flame or in the kiln itself thereby securing complete destruction. After combustion the newly formed clinker is pulverized into a 3 F EPA Export 25-07-2013:14:35:48 .‘, . _. , ; ,_i.- F powder and this process is likely to destruct any inorganic replicas of sheeted PrP (fossil templates) that some have suggested might enable replication of PrP !’ if introduced into animals or man, With current knowledge it is inconceivable that combusting Irish Category 1 MBM or any other category of.&3M could contain any level of infectivity above negligible. Therefore the TSE risks to humans, animals and the environment are regarded as negligible if the methodology outlined in this report is followed. CONCLUSION The burning of Irish MBM, including SRM MBM as a fuel for the manufacture of cement under the general conditions described in this report present a negligible TSE risk for humans, animals or the environment. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. EPA Export 25-07-2013:14:35:48 ABBREVIATIONS GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS BSE Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSESAC Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Scientific Advisory Committee of the . Republic of Ireland DNV Det Norske Veritas (a company specialising in quantitative risk assessment) EC European Commission DAFRD Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (Ireland) Department of Agriculture - DAFRD Ireland i/C Irma-cerebral (inoculation directly into the brain) MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food UK MBM Meat-and-bone-meal OIE Office International des Epizooties PrPsc Prion protein (disease specific form only found in TSE-infected hosts). PrPc is the precursor of PrP’” and occurs in uninfected and infected hosts).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Commission Services Paper on the Processing, Disposal and Uses Of
    0(02 Brussels, 20 November 2001 &RPPLVVLRQ VHUYLFHV SDSHU RQ WKH SURFHVVLQJ GLVSRVDODQGXVHVRIDQLPDOE\SURGXFWVLQ0HPEHU 6WDWHV $ %DFNJURXQG A number of BSE and related measures have been introduced over recent years, most of which have had the effect of extending the list of unsafe materials and/or restricting disposal methods and uses. For example, the list of specified risk material has been extended to include the entire intestine of bovines, mechanically recovered meat and the vertebral column. Also, animals that die on farm and meat and bone meal can no longer be used in feeds, which until recently were acceptable outlets for the industry. An inevitable result is that the amount of material needing destruction has increased across the EU. In order to monitor the level of the increase, the impact and disposal capacity in Member States, the Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection sent a questionnaire to Member States on 29 March asking for details including current disposal routes, amount of animal by- products disposed of YLD each route and costs . Returns have been received from all Member States, and this paper provides a summary of the situation across the EU. Some Member States did not provide full data enabling a general assumption to be made, and the content of this paper may not be of statistical significance. Nevertheless, a number of factual key conclusions can be drawn as in section C below in relation to: - processing and disposal routes - trade/export of processed animal protein and rendered fat - collection, transport and rendering costs - storage capacity for rendered products and costs - incineration, co-incineration and small on-farm incineration - burial and/or landfill - biogas - composting and use of processed animal protein as fertilisers - disposal capacity in Member States A separate questionnaire was sent out by the Directorate General for Agriculture at the end of August 2001, aiming to collect data on the cost and methods of financing of the treatment of animal waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Rendered Products in Pet Food
    RENDERED PRODUCTS IN PET FOOD Greg Aldrich, Ph.D. President, Pet Food and Ingredient Technology, Inc. Summary Globally, in 2005, pet food and products were a $53 billion industry—and the market is growing. In the United States, dog and cat food sales alone account for $14.5 billion with exports of nearly $1 billion. The global total for pet food and supplies for all pet animals is now approaching $40 billion annually. These rising sales are driven, in part, by increasing ownership of pets with more than 140 million dogs and cats and an estimated 200 million specialty pets, such as fish, pocket pets, and exotic animals. It is also moved by the trend that more people consider their pets as members of the family as demonstrated by everything from birthday and holiday celebrations, family photos, health insurance, burial plots, and preparation of special meals. Pet foods are now more than ever considered packaged goods that are co-mingled with other family food items. The top five pet food companies, over 65 percent of the market, are owned by household names like Mars, Nestle, Proctor & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, and Del Monte. Traditional retail outlets such as grocery and farm/feed stores have lost some market share to big-box mass market stores, warehouse clubs, and pet specialty stores, but grocery stores remain the largest outlet. Pet food choices have become almost limitless with options for different price points, life-stage, shapes and sizes, package type, ingredient preferences, breed, size, and disease condition. Pet foods are also becoming more “humanized” and tracking human food trends.
    [Show full text]
  • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) Fast Fact
    Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Mad Cow Disease What is BSE and what swaying and behavioral changes (e.g., Who should I contact if I causes it? nervousness, aggression or frenzy) suspect BSE? Bovine spongiform encepha- are seen. Weight loss and a drop in In Animals – Contact your lopathy (en-CEF-A-LOP-a-thee), also milk production may be noted. Rarely, veterinarian immediately. called BSE or “mad cow disease,” is a cattle with BSE will become suddenly In Humans – Contact your disease that affects the brain of cattle ill within days. All cattle with BSE will physician immediately. and humans. Most scientists believe die from the disease. How can I protect my animal that it is caused by an abnormal Can I get BSE? protein in brain tissue, called a prion from BSE? Yes. Humans who eat BSE- (PRY-on), that can cause fatal disease Only a few cases of BSE have ever contaminated beef products can when eaten. been found in the U.S., so the risk that develop a disease called variant your animal will become infected The disease was first diagnosed in Creutzfeldt-Jakob (KROITZ-felt YAH- is very low. As a precaution, the the United Kingdom in 1986. Since cub) disease (vCJD). This disease is government has passed regulations then the disease has occurred in many called ‘variant’ to distinguish it from a to prevent certain tissues from being European countries as well as Japan, different, genetically acquired disease fed to cattle or other ruminants. Canada and the United States. Most of of humans called classic Creutzfeldt- the reported cases of BSE (95%) have Jakob disease (CJD).
    [Show full text]
  • Protein Evaluation of Porcine Meat and Bone Meal Products
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department January 2000 Protein Evaluation of Porcine Meat and Bone Meal Products Tony Scott University of Nebraska-Lincoln Ryan Mass University of Nebraska-Lincoln Casey Wilson University of Nebraska-Lincoln Terry J. Klopfenstein University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Austin Lewis University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Scott, Tony; Mass, Ryan; Wilson, Casey; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; and Lewis, Austin, "Protein Evaluation of Porcine Meat and Bone Meal Products" (2000). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 388. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/388 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. mixture. Although it is not clear how this not lower than commodity SBM. These conclude that the MP concentrations of method is effective, it is obvious from data demonstrate not all methods of treat- treated SBM products vary more from the UIP concentration that the browning ing SBM (to increase UIP) lower TND. lot to lot than does commodity SBM. We reaction is induced by this treatment. The MP concentrations of several also conclude that the UIP concentra- However, variable UIP results were treated SBM products were estimated. tions of all three treated SBM products achieved and the TND of the protein These products are marketed based on tested are variable and should be moni- sometimes was affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Alternative Phosphorus Fertilizers for Organic Farming: Meat and Bone Meal
    FACT SHEET Assessment of Alternative Phosphorus Fertilizers for Organic Farming: Meat and Bone Meal In the past meat and bone meal was a major source of nutrients for recycling back to agricultural land, either as animal feed or organic nitrogen and phos phorus fertilizer. Nowadays – since the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopa­ thy (BSE) crisis in 1999 – it is only used as fertilizer. Although meat and bone meals are allowed by EU regulation in organic farming, several growers’ organisations prohibited them during the BSE crisis. Incineration or melting in a cupola furnace are alternative treatment options to their direct use elimina­ ting any risk on BSE transmission. However, these processes lead to losses of organic matter as well as nitrogen and sulfur and affect the phosphorus availa­ bility. The fact sheet shows which actions are needed to ease the statutory restrictions for use as fertilizer and thus to make phosphorus sources in meat and bone meal accessible for organic agriculture again. Introduction Bone meal (BM) and meat meal (MM), as well as France, 1.5 million tonnes in UK, 350,000 tonnes in meat and bone meal (MBM) are by-products of the Austria, 500,000 tonnes in Denmark and 2.8 million rendering industry and made from animal process- tonnes in Germany [1]. The total P potential in the EU ing offal. Offal consists of those animal parts that from the rendering industry offal ranges between are not suited for human consumption. Animal offal 110,000 and 128,000 tonnes per year. In Germany contains among others fat, meat, organs, bones, 20–25 % of the total P amounts available – approxi- blood and feathers.
    [Show full text]
  • Banned Mammalian Protein What Does It Mean?
    ® ® KLTELT KLTKLT G1692 Banned Mammalian Protein What Does it Mean? By Rosie Nold, Extension Youth Animal Science Specialist and David R. Smith, Extension Dairy/Beef Veterinarian required people from whom they buy cattle to certify that Feeds for ruminant animals should not contain meat ruminant meat and bone meal had not been fed to the cattle. or bone meal derived from ruminants. Ruminant animals include but are not limited to cattle, sheep, goats, bison, elk and deer. What should 4-H members know? How do I know if the feed contains For a number of years, 4-H members exhibiting livestock ruminant meat and bone meal? have signed an “Ethics Affidavit and Statement of Disclosure.” This disclosure has asked exhibitors to certify that they have Since this rule has been in effect since 1997, feeds for not used any non-approved drugs on their animals and that cattle, sheep, goats, bison, elk and deer on the market today if any approved drugs were used, the withdrawal time had should not contain meat and bone meal derived from ruminants. passed. In 2001, an additional statement was added to the However, to be sure, read the feed label. affidavits, stating: Many types of animal protein are still acceptable to feed to “If exhibiting beef or sheep, we attest, that to the best of ruminant and are not considered “banned mammalian protein” our knowledge, the finishing ration fed to animals under our or “prohibited material.” Many labels for cattle, sheep and ownership does not contain prohibited mammalian protein­­ goat feeds now are more specific in listing the type of animal ­­(i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Dietary Meat and Bone Meal in the Spread Ofbse
    The Role of Dietary Meat and Bone Meal in the Spread ofBSE D.M. Taylor BBSRC & MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit Institute for Animal Health West Mains Rd Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF Wilesmithet al., (1988) established that there was nor the heating regimes to remove residual sol- an association between the occurrence of bovine vent, are likely to have had the capacity to spongiform encephalopathy (ESE) and the use of meat massively reduce infectivity titres (Taylor 1989). and bone meal (MEM) as a protein supplement in cattle- However, given that solvent extracted tissues feed: there has been a significant decline in the incidence would already have been subjected to a standard ofBSE in the UK following the introduction in 1988 of a rendering procedure, it may be that the combined ban on feeding ruminant-derived protein to ruminants. effect of the two processes had been sufficient to MBM is manufactured by the rendering industry, prin- depress the infectivity titre in MBM such that it cipally from ruminant tissue discarded by abattoirs. The did nor represent an effective dose for cattle in neurohistopathological features of BSE (Wells et al., MBM. · 1987), and its experimental transmissibility (e.g. Although a number of studies had been carried out Dawson et al., 1990; Fraser et al., 1992) demonstrated on heat inactivation ofTDE agents, none mimicked the that it belongs to a group of transmissible degenerative conditions found in rendering. Consequently, industrial encephalopathies (TDE) which includes scrapie in sheep, pilot-scale facsimiles of rendering procedures used and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) of humans. BSE throughout the EU were created.
    [Show full text]
  • TOP Worst and Best Dog Foods
    TOP Worst and Best Dog Foods BENEFUL BY PURINA INGREDIENTS: Ground yellow corn, chicken by-product meal, corn gluten meal, whole wheat flour, animal fat preserved with mixed-tocopherols (form of Vitamin E), rice flour, beef, soy flour, sugar, propylene glycol, meat and bone meal, tricalcium phosphate, phosphoric acid, salt, water, animal digest, sorbic acid (a preservative), potassium chloride, dried carrots, dried peas, calcium propionate (a preservative), L-Lysine monohydrochloride, choline chloride, added color (Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 2), DL-Methionine, Vitamin E supplement, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, niacin, Vitamin A supplement, calcium carbonate, copper sulfate, Vitamin B-12 supplement, calcium pantothenate, thiamine mononitrate, garlic oil, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin supplement, Vitamin D-3 supplement, *menadione sodium bisulfite complex (source of Vitamin K activity), calcium iodate, folic acid, biotin, sodium selenite. ALPO BY PURINA INGREDIENTS: Ground yellow corn, corn germ meal, meat and bone meal, soybean meal, beef tallow preserved with mixed tocopherols (form of vitamin E), animal digest (source of chicken flavor), salt, potassium chloride, beef & liver meal, dried cheese powder, dl-methionine, added color, choline chloride, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, vitamin E supplement, niacin, vitamin A supplement, calcium carbonate, copper sulfate, brewers dried yeast, calcium pantothenate, garlic oil, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B-12 supplement, thiamine mononitrate,
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 7.3.Eps
    BSE Inquiry Report Volume 10 Economic Impact and International Trade Volume 10 Economic Impact and International Trade Terms of Reference, Committee Members and Report Volumes vii A note on the footnotes viii 1 Introduction 1 Scope of this economic survey 1 Terminology 2 2 Impact on the public sector 3 Introduction 3 Part 1: Research 7 MAFF expenditure 7 Department of Health 9 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit (CJDSU) 10 Funding of other BSE/CJD research 10 Research Councils 10 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 11 Medical Research Council (MRC) 12 Scottish Office 13 Wellcome Trust 13 European Union 13 Summary of BSE/TSE-related research expenditure 14 Part 2: Compensation schemes 15 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) 15 Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland 16 Part 3: Running costs and other expenditure 16 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) 17 Running costs 17 Diagnosis and surveillance 17 Carriage, valuation and disposal of carcasses 17 Department of Health 18 Running costs 18 National Health Service 18 Scottish Office 19 Welsh Office 19 Northern Ireland Departments 19 Local authorities 20 iii ECONOMIC IMPACT AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE Summary: impact on the public sector 20 Annex to Chapter 2: Total BSE/TSE-related government expenditure, 1986–97, £’000, in cash terms 22 3 Impact on the private sector 23 Assessing the impact on the private sector 23 Part 1: The Market 23 Introduction: the role of agriculture in the economy 23 Beef production 24 Production of
    [Show full text]
  • Beaufort Dog Food Comparison
    DOG FOOD COMPARISON The best way to determine the quality of There are literally hundreds of brands and your pet food is to carefully read and varieties of dog food. Below is a table understand the label. While reading the listing a few popular dog food brands, label, ask the following questions: with the less desirable ingredients highlighted. Keep in mind that Does the food use high quality ingredients are listed in descending order ingredients? by weight. For example, corn listed as Is there a quality meat source as one of one of the first three ingredients is less the first two ingredients? Better yet, are desirable than if listed as the eight the ingredients human-grade? ingredient. Is the bag dated for freshness? BEAUFORT DOG IS PROUD TO OFFER ALL OF THE FOODS LISTED THAT ARE HUMAN GRADE STARTING AT $24 FOR A 15LB BAG! HUMAN GRADE DOG FOOD FIRST EIGHT INGREDIENTS MEAT SOURCES? Boneless salmon, salmon meal, herring meal, russet potato, peas, whitefish meal*, sweet Acana Pacifica potatoes, salmon oil Yes *ACANA’s whitefish meal contains wild-caught flounder, halibut, and cod. Chicken meal, corn meal, chicken fat, dried potato product, corn gluten meal, dried beet Adirondack 26 No pulp (sugar removed), flax meal Beneful - RATED WORST Ground yellow corn, chicken by-product meal, corn gluten meal, whole wheat flour, beef No FOR YOUR DOG tallow, rice flour, beef soy flour, sugar Fresh chicken by-product meal (organ meat only), Fresh Chicken, Corn, chicken by-product Bil-Jac Select meal, dried beet pulp (sugar removed), fresh chicken liver, brewers
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy
    Order Code RS21771 Updated March 17, 2004 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy Geoffrey S. Becker Specialist in Agricultural Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary Renderers convert dead animals and animal byproducts into ingredients for a wide range of industrial and consumer goods, such as animal feed, soaps, candles, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. U.S. regulatory actions to bolster safeguards against bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease) could portend significant changes in renderers’ business practices, the value of their products, and, consequently, the balance sheets of animal producers and processors. Also, if animal byproducts have fewer market outlets, questions arise about how to dispose of them safely. This report, which will not be updated, describes the industry and discusses several industry-related issues that have arisen in the 108th Congress.1 Introduction Renderers convert dead animals and animal parts that otherwise would require disposal into a variety of materials, including edible and inedible tallow and lard and proteins such as meat and bone meal (MBM).2 These materials in turn are exported or sold to domestic manufacturers of a wide range of industrial and consumer goods such as livestock feed and pet food, soaps, pharmaceuticals, lubricants, plastics, personal care products, and even crayons (also see Table 1 on page 6). Although rendering provides an essential service to the increasingly intensive and cost-competitive U.S. animal and meat industries (and is subject to certain government food safety and environmental regulations), the industry has largely operated outside of public view.
    [Show full text]
  • Rendered Ingredients Significantly Influence Sustainability, Quality, and Safety of Pet Food1
    Published February 20, 2015 Rendered ingredients significantly influence sustainability, quality, and safety of pet food1 D. L. Meeker2 and J. L. Meisinger National Renderers Association, Alexandria, VA 22314 ABSTRACT: The rendering industry collects and of otherwise low-value OM from the livestock pro- safely processes approximately 25 million t of animal duction and meat processing industries through ren- byproducts each year in the United States. Rendering dering drastically reduces the amount of waste. If not plants process a variety of raw materials from food rendered, biological materials would be deposited in animal production, principally offal from slaughter- landfills, burned, buried, or inappropriately dumped houses, but include whole animals that die on farms with large amounts of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and or in transit and other materials such as bone, feath- other compounds polluting air and water. The major- ers, and blood. By recycling these byproducts into ity of rendered protein products are used as animal various protein, fat, and mineral products, including feed. Rendered products are especially valuable to meat and bone meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, blood the livestock and pet food industries because of their meal, and various types of animal fats and greases, high protein content, digestible AA levels (especially the sustainability of food animal production is greatly lysine), mineral availability (especially calcium and enhanced. The rendering industry is conscious of its phosphorous), and relatively low cost in relation to role in the prevention of disease and microbiological their nutrient value. The use of these reclaimed and control and providing safe feed ingredients for live- recycled materials in pet food is a much more sus- stock, poultry, aquaculture, and pets.
    [Show full text]