University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department

January 2000

Protein Evaluation of Porcine Meat and Bone Meal Products

Tony Scott University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Ryan Mass University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Casey Wilson University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Terry J. Klopfenstein University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]

Austin Lewis University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]

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Scott, Tony; Mass, Ryan; Wilson, Casey; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; and Lewis, Austin, "Protein Evaluation of Porcine Meat and Bone Meal Products" (2000). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 388. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/388

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. mixture. Although it is not clear how this not lower than commodity SBM. These conclude that the MP concentrations of method is effective, it is obvious from data demonstrate not all methods of treat- treated SBM products vary more from the UIP concentration that the browning ing SBM (to increase UIP) lower TND. lot to lot than does commodity SBM. We reaction is induced by this treatment. The MP concentrations of several also conclude that the UIP concentra- However, variable UIP results were treated SBM products were estimated. tions of all three treated SBM products achieved and the TND of the protein These products are marketed based on tested are variable and should be moni- sometimes was affected. In 1999, their higher UIP concentrations. How- tored. AminoPlus was lower in TND than com- ever, UIP alone does not completely modity SBM (P < .05). In 2000 one of describe the protein value a product has the AminoPlus samples was numerically in ruminant diets. Incorporation of UIP 1Ryan Mass, D.J. Jordon, and Tony Scott, lower in TND than commodity SBM and TND in the calculation of MP is the research technicians, Terry Klopfenstein, professor, Animal Science, Lincoln. while the other AminoPlus sample was true indicator of protein quality. We

Protein Evaluation of Porcine Meat and Bone Meal Products

Tony Scott varies widely, although all of the prod- determine the variability that exists Ryan Mass ucts tested had acceptable protein among commercially available porcine Casey Wilson digestibilities. MBM products in crude (CP), metabo- Terry Klopfenstein lizable (MP), and undegradable intake Austin Lewis1 Introduction protein (UIP) and apparent (AND) and true nitrogen digestibility (TND). The recent government ban on feed- Commercially available porcine ing rendering products of ruminant ori- Procedure meat and bone meal products vary gin back to ruminants has led to the in apparent and true nitrogen development of porcine-only meat and Twenty-nine crossbred wether lambs digestibility as well as in concen- bone meal (MBM) products to be fed to (84 lb) were used in a digestion study tration of crude, metabolizable, and ruminants. Meat and bone meal is high in consisting of three periods. Lambs were undegradable intake protein. undegradable intake protein relative to fed a common basal diet (Table 1) at an soybean meal and improves performance equal percentage (2.3%) of body weight in growing steers fed forage-based diets on a DM basis. The basal diet was for- Summary sufficient in degradable intake protein. mulated to contain a minimum of 10% Byproduct feedstuffs are variable due to Thirteen commercially available source differences in processing condi- porcine meat and bone meal products tions and raw materials. Variable quan- Table 1. Composition of basal diet. from both independent renderers and tities of raw materials (bone, hair, viscera commercial packing plants were evalu- and meat trimmings) influence both quan- Ingredient % of diet DM ated in a lamb-digestion study for the tity and quality of protein. Processing Cottonseed hulls 72.3 following variables: crude protein, conditions and production situations vary Dehydrated alfalfa pellets 15.0 Molasses 5.0 undegradable intake protein, metabo- considerably within the rendering indus- Dry-rolled corn 2.7 lizable protein, apparent nitrogen di- try and influence the consistency of com- Supplement 5.0 gestibility and true nitrogen digestibility. mercial MBM. Renderers apply heat to Finely ground corn 2.325 Urea 1.204 As a whole, the products varied widely drive off moisture, extract fat and elimi- Ammonium chloride .500 with respect to all of the variables mea- nate bacterial contamination from ani- Salt .400 sured with the exception of apparent mal tissues. Ultimately, this cooking Dicalcium phosphate .316 Ammonium sulfate .170 nitrogen digestibility, indicating that process enhances the resistance to Trace mineral premix .040 feeding value of commercially avail- microbial degradation in the rumen. The Vitamin premix .030 able meat and bone meal products also objective of this experiment was to Selenium premix .015

2000 Nebraska Beef Report — Page 34 Table 2. Concentrations of crude (CP), undegradable intake (UIP), and metabolizable (MP) escapes ruminal degradation and is di- protein and percentage apparent (AND) and true (TND) nitrogen digestibility of thirteen porcine meat and bone meal products. gested in the small intestine.

Product Number CPa UIPab MPac ASHa ANDa TNDa Results 1 54.6 41.5de 19.5 29.2 62.1de 78.0de 2 56.0 46.4ef 27.3 26.6 63.0def 80.9def Estimates of CP, UIP, MP, ASH, 3 63.0 53.3g 33.5 26.7 62.5def 80.2def AND and TND are shown in Table 2. 4 54.8 63.0h 38.7 29.1 61.5d 75.7d 5 59.7 53.8g 31.4 21.4 62.0de 77.6de Concentrations of CP ranged from 53.5 6 60.9 50.7fg 27.7 21.3 61.9d 77.0d to 65.5%. Undegradable intake protein 7 65.5 52.2g 40.3 25.5 64.8g 88.1g concentrations ranged from 41.5 to 8 64.7 52.5g 36.3 24.8 63.7efg 83.8efg 9 62.9 49.7fg 30.7 29.3 63.0def 81.0def 63.0% of CP. The UIP content of prod- 10 53.5 48.6fg 30.2 27.8 63.0def 81.6defg uct 4 was higher (P < .10) than all of the 11 54.9 39.7d 21.5 24.8 63.2defg 81.8defg other products. Metabolizable protein 12 61.9 49.3fg 28.2 28.3 62.2de 78.9de 13 60.5 45.6ef 32.1 25.9 64.1fg 86.5fg estimates ranged form 19.5 to 40.3%. Ash values ranged from 21.3 to 29.3% of aCP and ASH as percentage of DM; UIP and MP as percentage of CP; AND and TND as percentages. DM. Apparent nitrogen digestibility val- bMeasured by the ammonia release procedure. cMP = UIP - (100-TND). ues ranged from 61.5 to 64.8%. Products defghValues within a column with unlike superscripts differ (P < .10). 7 and 13 were similar in AND (64.8 and 64.1%, respectively) and were signifi- cantly higher (P < .10) in AND than CP, .42% Ca and .18% P. Urea was analyzed for DM and N. Apparent nitro- products 1, 4, 5, 6, and 12. True nitrogen included to ensure rumen ammonia did gen digestibility was calculated as (N digestibility values ranged from 75.7 to not limit digestion. Thirteen commer- consumed - N excreted)/ N consumed. 88.1%. Products 7 and 13 had the high- cially available porcine MBM products The following formula was used to cal- est TND (88.1 and 86.5%, respectively) were obtained for protein evaluation. culate TND of each MBM product: ((A and were significantly higher (P < .10) in The MBM products represented various - (B*C)) / D)*100; where: A = apparent TND than products 1, 4, 5, 6, and 12. rendering sources, including both inde- digestibility of N in total diet; B = appar- The 13 MBM products used in this pendent renderers and commercial pack- ent N digestibility of urea control; C = trial are representative of both indepen- ing plants. Either three or four lambs in proportion of total N in diet supplied by dent renderers and commercial packing each period were fed only the basal diet basal diet; D = proportion of total N in plants. As such, inputs (deadstock, tank- and served as the urea control. The diet supplied by treatment. age, meat trimmings and bones, amount remaining lambs consumed the basal The UIP concentration of the treat- of hair) are variable and contribute to the diet at the same percentage of body ment sources was estimated by the in variability observed in the feeding value weight as control lambs and were supple- vitro ammonia release procedure. Ru- of the products. Likewise, processing mented with an additional 3.75% of the men fluid was collected from a ruminally systems and conditions differ among basal diet DM as units of CP from one of fistulated steer and strained through four processors. The exact processing condi- the MBM products. Treatment diets were layers of cheesecloth. A bicarbonate tions of each product are not known. isonitrogenous and each treatment con- buffer solution was added to the rumen This trial demonstrates the variability tributed 25% of the total N intake for fluid and 30 ml of the fluid mixture were that exists among commercially avail- treatment lambs. added to test tubes containing enough able porcine meat and bone meal prod- The trial consisted of three, 14-day sample to provide 20 mg of N. Six tubes ucts. Although these results indicate all periods. Each period included seven days were incubated for each sample. Tubes of the porcine MBM products tested of dietary adaptation and seven days of were stoppered and incubated for two have relatively similar CP contents and total fecal collection. Lambs were housed time periods (three for 18 hours and adequate protein digestibilities, the range in individual pens during dietary adapta- three for 24 hours) at 102oF. The ammo- in MP values indicates the products may tion and individual metabolism crates nia concentration in the fluid of each have large differences in feeding value during fecal collection. Lambs were re- tube was used to calculate UIP relative for ruminants. assigned randomly to another treatment to standards whose in vivo UIP concen- at the end of each period. The amount of trations have been measured. basal diet offered to each lamb was ad- The MP (% of CP) for each MBM 1Tony Scott, Ryan Mass, Casey Wilson, justed based on the average of weights product was calculated from the UIP research technicians, Animal Science, Lincoln; Terry Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis, professors, taken on two consecutive days at the concentration and TND measurements Animal Science, Lincoln. beginning of each period. where: MP = UIP - (100-TND). This Feed, feces and orts were dried for 48 value equals the percentage of N that hours in a forced air oven at 140oF and

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