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Fet 1979 Aphids RU.Pdf N~BECT~RAKAAEMHH HAYK TYPKMEHCKOR CCP CEPHP 6MOJlOrH'lECKHX HAYK di 3 1979 YAK 595.752 B. P. @ET K 3KOJlOrMM TAJlJIOO6PA3YtO~MXTJlEA (HOMOPTERA, I APHIDOIDEA) H CB93AHHOTO C HHMM KOMnJIEKCA ' 6ECIl03BOHO~HbIXHA @HCTAUIKE (PISTACIA VERA L.) Mccneaosa~aRnpOBeAeHbl B 1976-1977 rr. B @UCT~~~HUK~XEanxb13- CKGI'O rOCFAaPCTBeIIHOr0 3anOBeAHUKa (pan0H KOpAOHa Kenem). OT~ese- HW ABa BHAa rannoo6pasymwnx TJIefi: Forda hirsuta Mordv. n Slavum lentiscoides Mordv. (Hornoptera, Aphidoidea, Aphididae, Pemphiginae). I MH npoBenu yqeT n O~CJI~AOB~HH~rannoe TUX BHAOB Ha nucTbRx @HC- TauKu B OKTR~P~1976 r. n rtm~e-asryc~e 1977 r. Tnn Forda hirsuta u Slavum lentiscoides onucaHb1 A. MopA~nn~o 171 I4 HeOJ(HOKpaTH0 OTMesaJIHCb AJIH ~~JIHX~T~MCKO~U KYIIIKUHCKO~~ (PNc- TarUKosbIx pow Eanxb13a [2, 51. Forda hirsuta o6pa3ye~Ha Kpaax nncTb- 1 eB (PHcT~UIKH raJIJlb1 B BUAe B3AYTbIX U3BHJIHCTbIX CKJlaAOK. raJIJIb1 Slav~m , lentiscoides O~~XOBM~~HO~~(POPMM, 06pa3ylO~~R Ha HEi~Hefi CTOpOHe JINCTb- I eB (M~CTHO~~assa~ue <<6~3ryHs>>). OHH yno~pe6nnnucb paaee nnn nonyse- HHR KpacKn. rannb~F. hirsuta n S. lntiscoides BcTpeqamTcs B @nc~am- HUKaX EaILXb13a nOBCeMeCTH0, IiOYTll Ha KaXCAOM AepeBe. 110 ~naccn@u~aunuA. A. Ilono~oti141, 3~nBMA~I OTHOCSITCR K rpynne MHrPHpymU&iX raJIJIOBbIX TJIefi, HMemmHX AB~XJI~THN~~QH1<J P~~BHTNR. QHCT~UK~HaCTORwaR RBJIneTCR AJIR HUX ~~PBU~IHO~~KOPMOBO~~ ~O~OAO~I. Ha ~efiC anpeJR no C~HTR~P~Pa3BWBalOTCR 7-8 n0~0JleH~fiAeBCTBeHHUU, ~~~MHOX~~IUIIXCRnap~e~ore~e30~, nepBoe n3 KOTOP~IX UHAyunpyeT ran- AM. B asryc~e-ce~~fi6perannbI pacKpbIBaWTCS, a H3 Hux MnrPAPYIoT Ha KOpHIl TPaBRHHCTbIX paCTeHFifi KpbInaTbIe CaMhH [3]. B Eanxb13e Kpb1na- , 'pe CaMKH B IIOJlYPaCKPMTbIX ranJIaX OTMeseHbl HaMn TaKXe B KOHU~ O&H~PR. YHC~~HHOCT~H pacnpeuenewe rannos ~nekM~I nonysnnH AaHHbIe o sIlcneHHocTn n pacnpeAeneHnw B KpoHe nepesa rannoB Tnefi 3a ana ceaoaa (Ha MaTepUaJIe 20 TbIC. JIHCTbeB, MeTOaOM cJIyqEifiHb1~npoG no 100 JHCTb- eB C nepe~a).T~K, B 1976 r. KOJrUseCTBO JIlICTbeB, IIOPBXCHHbIY rBJIJIaMA F. hirsuta, CocTaBnno 4,90_3/0, rannaMn ~ne5S. lentiscoides - 0,78, B 1977 r.- COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,90 U 1,29. CpaBHekIUe AaHHbIX 33 OKTR~P~ 1976 r. H aBryCT 1977 r. AOnyCTkiMO, IIOCKOJlbKy ranJIb1 06pa3yro~c~BeC- HOH, U B TegeHUe JIeTa AX 4HCJleHIIOCTb He H3MeHReTCR. I B 1977 r. no CpaBHeHHH, C 1976-M ~a6n~nanoc~HeKOTOpOe YBenNse- ' Hue KonusecTsa rannoB S. lentiscoides a peseoe naneHwe sncneHHocTn ran- (nos F. l~irsuta.B nweparype nMemrcn ynasasnn Ha ~one6a~nnsHeosH- 1 HOCTN raJI.fl0~TJ'Iefi B 06pa~Hofi3aBHCHMOCTki OT ~~OW~~HOCTH@HCT~~KO- BOrO OpeXa B AaHHblfi Ce30H, TO eCTb OT o6uero @H~HOJIO~H~~CKO~OCOCTOR- Hnn fiepeBbeB [51. no ~pafi~eiiMepe B oTHomeHnn rannoB F. hirsuta Ta- KHe KO~~~~HHRRBHO EiMenki MeCTO B 1976-1977 rr. 1977 r. 6~nCpaBHH- TeJlbHO YPOX~~~H~IM,N qUCJleHHOCTb raJJOB 3TOr0 BUAa YIIaJIa 6onee seM B 5 pa3 nPOTHB 1976 r. ~~OB~A~HHTaKXe YseTbI PaCnpeAeJIeHtiR ranJOB no BHYTP~HH~~~ (~~HCTBOJ~HO~~)H HapyXHofi 30HaM KPOHbI @BCT~LUKOB~IXAepeBbeB (~a6n.1). Bnn 1976 33 67 F. hirsuta 1977 58 42 S. lentiscoides 1976 52 48 1977 7 4 26 3a~e~~onpennosTeHne F. hirsuta BHYTP~HH~~30~61 KPOH~I AepeBa npH 60nbmofi sACJleHHOCTH 3TOTO BHAa B 1976 r., a AJR S. lentiscoides - HapyXHofi (OCO~~HHOB 1977 r.). He HCKJIIOseHO, sT0 npn B~ICOKO~~9kiCJleH- HOCTH raJJlOB BHAbI, 3aHUMaK)UHe CXOAHYIO 3KOJlOTU~eCK~IOIIRLUY, MOrYT 6bi~bIIPOCTPaHCTBeHHO pa3rpaHN~eHbI. A~annapacnpeneneHnR rannoB no ~KC~O~H~URMKPOHH He no3~0n~e~ CAenaTb BbIBOA 0 npefin09TeHBW K~KBM-~~60BHAOM OnpeAeJIeHHbIX 3KC- n03~4kifi (K~OM~HeKOTOpOrO TRrOTeHUR F. hirsuta K C~B~PO-BOCTO~HO~~ ClOpOHe KPOH~I).3~0, B03MOXH0, - Pe3YJlbTaT CyUeCTBOBaHUR B raJJlaX Mu- KpoKnnMaTa, cTaBRuero rannoo6pa30sa~eneii B oTHocnTenbHo Manym 3aBHCHMOCTb OT 3KCn03U4kiH AepeBa. KOM~JI~KCraJlJlOBHX NHKBUJIHHOB. 3~a9n~enbHa~9HCneHHOCTb raJlJlOB , Tnei H BOSMOXHOCTb NCnOJIb30BaTb AX KaK YKpblTHe BO MHOrOM OIIpeflenR- mT HX KOHCOPTUBHYK) POnb B @O~MH~OB~HHHsenor0 KOMnJleKCa 6ecnos- 1 BOHO~H~IX,CBR~~HHUX c ~rannaMn. ~OAO~H~I~ r,pynnnpoBKn Hacennmunx ran- ,; nbI nHKBnnnHoB n3ysanncb Ann rannoB nnc~o6nou1e~Caillardia Ha caK- ;, cayne [I], rAe @OPMBPY~TCR ~~0e06pa3~b1fiKOHCOPTWBH~I~~ y3en C 60~1b- LUHM KOJHgeCTBOM MOHO@~TOBH y3KUX OJIW~O@~TOB. i AHanornsHbl~KOHCOpTHBHblM y3nOM RBJIRIOTCR TpynnHPOBKH 6ecnos- BOHO~H~IXB rannax ~nefiF. hirsuta n S. lentiscoides Ha @sc~arn~e,me HaCsllTblBaeTCR 14 BHAOB WeHHCTOHOTHX, OTHOCRLLIHXCR K 6 OTpRAaM (Ho- ) moptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Aranei). E. M. AaHqnr E. C. CY~OHR~BOTMesaK)T, 9TO ecnn B yMepeHH0fi 30- He HHKBWJlHHN3M B03HWKaeT, KaK npaBHn0, Ha T~O@H~~CKO~~OCHOBe, TO. h apnn~b~xycxo~nnx ~a nep~~inna~ sblc~ynae~ ~onnsec~a~ ~YHKUNR ran- "i JOB KaK YKP~ITH~~,3aIUHIUaIOuAX ~~CIIO~BOHO'IH~IXOT ZIpe3MePHOTO HCnape- Ke, o~~cJIoBJI~H~TPO@H~~CKBMN B TOnIlgeCKNMH CBR3RMH. Ha~6oneeXapaK- f TePHbIM AJR 3TOr0 KOMnJeKCa RBJReTCR HaJUqUe B TaJIJlaX c~~uH@H~~c- Koro XN~H~K~-MOHO@~~~,nnTamuerocR TJIRMA, - ryceHnub1 Alophia com- bustella H. S. (Lepiidoptera, Pyralidae). i XHWHH~~CTBO3TOr0 BNAa OrHeBOK 3a CqeT @UCT~LUKOBUX TJIefi YCTa- HOBJleHO B. B. ~~XOHTOB~IM[6]. A. combustella 06N~ae~TaKXe B rannax Tnei Ha Pistacia terebinthus n P. lentiscus. M~I~a6nm~ann ryceHnq pa3- HblX BO3PaCTOB Ha nPOTRXeHNki BCerO BpeMeHN pa3BHTHR TJIefi B ranJlaX 68 < I/ ! (anpenb - C~HTH~P~),KOTOpbIe pa3BUBaJIkICb IIapaJIJIeJIbHO C HHMH. KO- JIUseCTBO ryCeHUu COCTaBJIReT 82,7OlO sUCJIeHHOCTU BCeX IIHKBUJUHOB. JOT- HOCTb nOnyJISIuUU 3TOr0 XJIOngaTHUKa AOCTUraeT He06b19~0BbICOKUX Ben%- 9UH: rYCeHUQbI A. combustella HafineHbl B 73% BCeX o~CJ~~~OB~HH~IXran- noB F. hirsuta H B 63% rannoB S. lentiscoides, npeuMyuecTseHHo no on- HOB ryce~k~ueHa rann (92,5% cnysae~), HO uHorna TaKxe no nse (6,O) U no TPU (1,5). COOTHOLU~HN~II0 VUCJIeHHOCTIl MeXAY raJInOBbIMU TJIRMU U UX XUWHUKOM COCTaBJlReT 15:1, B TO BpeMR KaK COOTHOUleHUe no 611o~acce (~~COJII~THOCYXOB sec) - 0,78:1. nono6~oeCOOTHOUleHUe 6uo~accCBR- 3aH0, no-~BkInHMOMy,C OCO~~HHOCTRMIIJ~HHOB CUCTeMbI <<XUUHUK-X@PTBa>>, O~~CJIOBJI~HH~IMHPOCTOM W.2JIeHHOCTU ~nefi. nonyn~uu~rannosblx ~neB Ha IIpOTRXeHUU 7-8 no~one~ufi6ec~pb1JIb1~ JJeBCTBeHHUJl IIOJIHOCTbIO H30- nuposaHa OT BHeuHnx snu~~ufi,B TOM sucne u OT OTKP~ITOXUBYWUX XUU- HHKOB.P~~MHOX~HU~ ~nefinpoucxonuT HenpepbxsHo, n, 6ynysu napTeHore- HeTH9eCKUM, He 3aBIICUT OT reHe~~qecK0fiCTPYKTYP~I nOIIyJRuUU. ~O~TOMY UHTeHCUBHOe XUWHUgeCTBO A. CO~~US~~~~~,-H~COMH~HHO,BaXHb1fi @~KTOP, 0rpa~UsuBa1oWUfipOCT qUCneHHOCTU n0IIyJIR~UU~neB Ha ~~y~pUrann0~0fi CTaAUU ee CyWeCTBOBaHMR. CpenW raJInOBbIX HHKBUJIUHOB MOXHO OTMeTBTb TaKXe napa3HTOB. B. B. ~~XOHTOB[61 BbIBOAUJI U3 ryCeHUJl A. cornbustella, B3RTbIX U3 ran- nos F. hirsuta, napa3u~usec~uxnepenoHsaToKpblnbIx us ceM. Braconidae n Chalcldidae. Ha~uTaKxe ~afine~b~B rannax F. hirsuta nsa suna 113 ceM. Braconidae u Bethylidae (Hymenoptera), napasu~upymuue,Bepom- HO, Ha Alophia combustella. Kpo~ecneuu@usec~ux XUWHUKOB u napam~os,*B nPUOTKPbIBUlUeCR nnu nospexneHHbIe rannbl ~nefiMoryT npoHuKaTb u npyrue 6ecno3so~or- HbIe (Homoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Aranei). rann~Ann y~pb~- TWR kICnOnb3YIOTCR HeKOTOPbIMU BUAaMW nOnyXeCTKOKPbInbIX CeM. Miridae (Hemiptera), nayKaMa Chiracanthium seidlitzi L. Coch (Clubionidae) u Synageles ramitus Andr. (Salticidae) (onpen. B. M. Ossape~~o,3MH AH CCCP). COBM~CTHOC TARMU IIUTaIOTCR B ranJIaX U ApyrUe PaBHOKPbI- nble: KOK~UA~I(Coccoidea), nuc~o6no~~uAgonoscena succincta Heeg. (Psylloidea) (onpen. M. M. JIoru~osa, 3MH AH CCCP). Caxapuc~b~e BbIneneHuR nuc~o6norue~npusneKamT MypasbeB pona Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), TaKxe 06~apyxe~~b1xB rannax. Bce yno- MRHYTbIe BUAbI AOBOAbHO 06b1g~b1 AJIR OTKP~ITOXUBY,~~~~@ayHb1 @UC- TaIIIKB. P0JIb BHyTPHraJIJIOBOrO K0MllJIeKC.a B o6qeii CUCTeMe TPO@HY~CKRX CBH~~G.HapR~y c rannoo6pa3ymun~uTARMU, Ha JIWCTbRX @MCT~LUKU 06~- TamT HeKOTOpbIe nUCTOrpbI3yUHe U COCyWUe paCTUTeJrbHORAHbIX HaCeKO- MHX (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera). On~a~oOCHOBHO~~ nepwon aKTUBHOCTU OTK~~ITOXUBY,~~~~@ayHbl B @UCT~IIIHUK~XEanxb13a npUX0- AUTCR Ha BeceHHee BpeMR (no HaruuM ~a6nmneHuR~,3a TOT nepwon nu- CTOTPbI3bI IIOBpeXAamT 5-6OlO JIUCTOBO~~M~CC~I). J~TOM, B CBR3A C no- BblIIIeHUeM TeMnepaTypbI BO3AyXa U K~TuK~JIM~~J~U~~JlUCTbeB @UCT~LUI~U @~HKUU~@UTO@~~OB BbInonHRmT B OCHOBHOM rannoBbIe TAU. Cornac~o HaIIIUM YseTaM, sUCJIeHHOCTb OTKpbITOXUBy~UX~~CIIO~BOHO~H~IX Ha JIMCTb- RX B J~THA~~nepUOA COCTaBnReT 3,2 3K3. Ha 100 JIUCTbeB, a rannoo6u~am- UUX - 24,6. B TO xe BpehlR Buo~acca,PaCCsHTaHHaR Ha 100 JIUCTbeB, AAR OTKP~ITOXHBY~~~~@ayHb1 COCTaBJlRJIa 0,65 Mr a6conm~HoCyXOrO BeCa (Us HUX Ha nonm @u~o@aro~npuxoAwTcR 5%), a Ann rannoobs~amuux6ec- II03BOH09HbIX 0,75 Mr (Pi3 HUX Ha AOnm Tnefi-@u~o@aroBnpuxoAur- CR 30°/0 j. T~KMMo6pa30~, B M~Jo~J~~oII~HHTH~I~~AnR XII3HeAeRTeJIbHO- CTW OTKPblTOXWBY,~WX~~C~O~BOHO~H~IX nepMoA kIX 06ua~ 6uo~acca 6~~3- Ka K 6uo~accera~1aoo6w~am~ux B~AOB, a OCHOBH~~O $YHK~MIO @~~o@aros Ha JHCTbRX $~CT~UKNBblnGnHRmT ra.TnOBbIe TJIN. 69 I. 06b1r1~blk1 KOMIIOHeHTOM HaCeJleHUR ~~C~O~BOHO'IH~~XB @WCT~UIHH- Kax 6a~xbl3aRBJIRIOTCR rannoo6pasyro~ueTnu F. hirsuta Mordv. a S. len- tiscoides Mordv. 2. ~UCJI~HHOCT~ranJIOB TJIefi MeHReTCR II0 rOAaM B 3aBUCHMOCTU OT @usuonorusec~oro COCTORHUR AepeBbeB @uc~am~ai.rannbl AB~XBUAOB Tnefi MOrYT 6bl~bIIPOCTPaH'CTBeHHO pa3rpaHtIYeHbl B KpOHaX aepeBbeB. 3. raJInb1 ~Jlefi RBJIHIOTCR CBO~O~P~~H~IMKOHCOPTUBHbIM y3JIOM. B HUX 06HapyXeH KOMIIJIeKC UHKBUnUHOB (XUUHUKU, napa3UTb1, @HTO@~~U),CBR- BBHHblX C raJIJIaMU T~O@U~~CKUU- TOIIUseCKU. X~~~KT~~HOCT~o@u'~~cKo~~ CBR3bIO RBJIReTCR XUUHUrIeCTBO Ha 060~~BUAaX ~JIefiTYCeHUUbI Alophia combustella H. S. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). B~uny ~~O~U~OB~HHOCTH IIoIIyJIR~Ufi~Jlefi 3AeCb H~~JIIOA~~TCRH~O~~I~IHO~ COOTHOIIIeHUe <<XULQHUK- XepTBa>> IlO 6uo~acceU BbICOKaR IlJIOTHOCTb IIOnyJIRUUU XUUHUKa. 4. KoMIIJ'I~Kc rannoo6u~a10~ux~~CIIO~BOHO~H~IX UrpaeT BaXHyIO POnb B CWCTeMe TPO@HU~CKWX CBFI~~~.B JIeTHee BPeMR, KOrAa aKTBBHOCTb OT- KPHTOXUBYUUX PaCTUTeJIbHORAHbIX HaCeKOMbIX YrHeTeHa, OCHOBHYIO @YHK- IIUIO @u~o@aro~BbrnonHRIoT rannoo6pasyrourre Tnu.
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