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EASO Informationsbericht Über Das Herkunftsland Irak Zentrale Sozioökonomische Indikatoren

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EASO Informationsbericht Über Das Herkunftsland Irak Zentrale Sozioökonomische Indikatoren European Asylum Support Office EASO Informationsbericht über das Herkunftsland Irak Zentrale sozioökonomische Indikatoren Februar 2019 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Informationsbericht über das Herkunftsland Irak Zentrale sozioökonomische Indikatoren Februar 2019 Weder das EASO noch in dessen Namen oder Auftrag tätige Personen können für die Nutzung der in dieser Veröffentlichung enthaltenen Informationen haftbar gemacht werden. Weitere Informationen über die Europäische Union sind im Internet unter (http://europa.eu) verfügbar. ISBN: 978-92-9485-049-2 doi: 10.2847/144034 © European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 2019 Nachdruck mit Quellenangabe vorbehaltlich anderslautender Bestimmungen gestattet. Für die in dieser Veröffentlichung wiedergegebenen Inhalte Dritter wird auf deren Urheberrechtsvermerke verwiesen. Titelfoto: Carillet, Joel (iStock), 685898768: Ankawa (Vorstadt von Erbil), irakisches Lager für christliche Binnenvertriebene, 20. Mai 2017, url EASO -BERICHT ÜBER HERKUNFTSLÄNDER IRAK: ZENTRALE SOZIOÖKONOMISCHE INDIKATOREN — 3 Danksagung Dieser Bericht wurde gemeinsam vom Migrationsamt des Innenministeriums der Slowakischen Republik (Abteilung für Dokumentation und Zusammenarbeit mit dem Ausland) und der Abteilung für Herkunftsländerinformationen (COI) des EASO verfasst. Darüber hinaus haben die folgenden nationalen Asyl- und Migrationsbehörden mitgewirkt, indem sie diesen Bericht gemeinsam mit dem EASO geprüft haben: Estland, estnische Polizei und Grenzschutzbehörde Ungarn, Amt für Einwanderung und Asyl, Dokumentationszentrum Zudem wurde dieser Bericht geprüft durch die Einzelsachverständige: Dr. Geraldine Chatelard, Zeithistorikerin und Sozialanthropologin. Dr. Chatelard ist derzeit als unabhängige Beraterin und Sozialwissenschaftlerin für die Niederlassung des Institut français du Proche-Orient im Irak (Erbil) tätig. In den letzten 15 Jahren führte sie Forschungsarbeiten durch und verfasste Publikationen zum Thema Migration und Vertreibung in der Region, wobei sie sich auch mit der sozioökonomischen und humanitären Lage im Irak beschäftigte. Seit 2014 verwendet sie durchschnittlich ein Drittel ihrer Zeit auf Feldforschungen in unterschiedlichen Regionen des Irak (Kurdistan, Bagdad, Nadschaf, Kerbala, Basra und andere südliche Gouvernements, in jüngster Zeit auch Mossul), unter anderem zu den Themen Zwangsvertreibung, Rückkehr und Wiedereingliederung von Migranten und Flüchtlingen sowie Politik durch religiöse Identität. Die Prüfung durch die vorstehend genannten Stellen, Sachverständigen oder Organisationen trägt zwar zur Gesamtqualität des Berichts bei, beinhaltet jedoch nicht notwendigerweise deren offizielle Billigung des endgültigen Berichts, für den ausschließlich das EASO verantwortlich ist. 4 — EASO -BERICHT ÜBER HERKUNFTSLÄNDER IRAK: ZENTRALE SOZIOÖKONOMISCHE INDIKATOREN N Inhalt Danksagung ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Inhalt ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Haftungsausschluss ................................................................................................................................. 7 Glossar und Abkürzungen ....................................................................................................................... 8 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Methodik ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Aufbau und Verwendung des Berichts ............................................................................................. 11 Karte ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 1. Landesüberblick ................................................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Demografie.................................................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Humanitärer Kontext .................................................................................................................. 14 1.2.1 Humanitäre Bedürfnisse ...................................................................................................... 15 1.2.2 Binnenvertriebene und Rückkehrer .................................................................................... 18 1.3 Hintergrundinformationen über die wichtigsten Städte ............................................................ 27 1.3.1 Basra .................................................................................................................................... 27 1.3.2 Erbil ...................................................................................................................................... 29 1.3.3 Bagdad ................................................................................................................................. 31 2. Wirtschaftlicher Überblick ................................................................................................................. 34 2.1 Allgemeines ................................................................................................................................. 34 2.2 Konfliktbedingte Schäden und Wiederaufbau ............................................................................ 35 2.3 Basra ............................................................................................................................................ 36 2.4 Erbil ............................................................................................................................................. 37 2.5 Bagdad ........................................................................................................................................ 38 3. Beschäftigung und Existenzgrundlagen ............................................................................................. 39 3.1 Allgemeiner Überblick ................................................................................................................. 39 3.1.1 Frauen .................................................................................................................................. 40 3.1.2 Binnenvertriebene und Rückkehrer .................................................................................... 41 3.2 Basra ............................................................................................................................................ 43 3.3 Erbil ............................................................................................................................................. 44 3.4 Bagdad ........................................................................................................................................ 47 4. Armut ................................................................................................................................................. 49 4.1 Allgemeiner Überblick ................................................................................................................. 49 EASO -BERICHT ÜBER HERKUNFTSLÄNDER IRAK: ZENTRALE SOZIOÖKONOMISCHE INDIKATOREN — 5 4.1.1 Von Frauen geführte Haushalte .......................................................................................... 49 4.1.2 Kinderarmut und Kinderarbeit ............................................................................................ 52 4.1.3 Binnenvertriebene ............................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Basra ............................................................................................................................................ 53 4.3 Erbil ............................................................................................................................................. 56 4.4 Bagdad ........................................................................................................................................ 57 5. Ernährungssicherheit/Wasserversorgungs- sicherheit ..................................................................... 59 5.1 Allgemeiner Überblick ................................................................................................................. 59 5.1.1 Binnenvertriebene und Rückkehrer .................................................................................... 60 5.2 Basra ............................................................................................................................................ 61 5.3 Erbil ............................................................................................................................................. 63 5.4 Bagdad ........................................................................................................................................ 64 6. Wohn- und Lebensbedingungen ....................................................................................................... 67 6.1 Allgemeiner Überblick ................................................................................................................
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