INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

Rajwant Singh Chilana University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

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Printed in the Netherlands. Table of Contents

Preface...... xi List of Sikh Periodicals ...... xiii Sources Used for the Compilation ...... xvii

1. Printed and Electronic Reference Resources 1 1.1 Printed Resources 1 1.1.1 Encyclopaedias 1 1.1.2 Indexing & Abstracting Sources 3 1.1.3 Biographical Sources 4 1.1.4 Geographical Sources 5 1.1.5 Bibliographical Sources 5 1.1.6 Dictionaries & Glossaries 11 1.2 Electronic & Online Resources 13 1.2.1 CD ROMS 14 1.2.2 Online Resources 14 2.2.2.1 Online Access to 19 1.2.2.2 Online Books, Journals & Newspapers 20 1.2.2.3 Sikh Studies in Universities & Colleges 22 1.2.2.4 22

2. Sikh Gurus 25 2.1 Dev 30 2.1.1 Biography 43 2.1.2 Janamsakhis 45 2.1.3 Philosophy 47 2.1.4 Poetry 53 2.1.5 Teachings 54 2.1.6 Travels 57 2.1.7 Mardana 60 2.2 Dev 60 2.3 62 2.4 65 2.5 Dev 67 2.6 71 2.6.1 Miri and Piri 73 2.7 74 2.8 Guru Harkishan 75 2.9 76 2.9.1 Martyrdom 80 2.9.2 Teachings 84 2.9.3 Travels 84 2.9.4 Relation with Aurangzeb 85 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.10 85 2.10.1 Biography 93 2.10.2 Philosophy 96 2.10.3 Travels 99 2.10.4 Teachings 99 2.10.5 As Poet 100 2.10.6 Mission 100 2.10.7 Battles 101 2.10.8 Relations with Mughal Emperors 101 2.10.9 Five Beloved 102 2.10.10Baptism 103

3. Sikh Scriptures & 105 3.1 Gurbani 108 3.2 Guru Granth Sahib 110 3.3 Works of Guru Nanak 129 3.3.1 Japji 131 3.3.2 Mul Mantra 136 3.3.3 Asa Di Var 138 3.3.4 Barah Maha 139 3.3.5 Siddh Gosht 139 3.4 Works of Guru Amar Das 140 3.4.1 Anand Sahib 140 3.5 Works of Guru Arjan Dev 141 3.5.1 Sukhmani 141 3.6 Works of Guru Tegh Bahadur 143 3.7 Works of Guru Gobind Singh 144 3.7.1 145 3.7.2 Japu Sahib 147 3.7.3 Chandi di Var 148 3.7.4 Bachitra Natak 148 3.7.5 Akal Ustat 149 3.7.6 Zafarnama & Fatehnama 150

4. Bhagats and Saints 153 4.1 155 4.2 157 4.3 157 4.4 Sheikh Farid 159

5. Sikh Philosophy 163

6. Sikh History 183 6.1 198 6.2 Sikh 200 6.2.1 Ramgarhia 201 6.3 Maharaja 202 6.3.1 Family 212 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

6.3.1.2 Maharaja 213 6.3.2 Court 215 6.3.3 Military System 216 6.3.4 217 6.3.5 Battles 218 6.3.6 Foreign Relations 218 6.3.7 Kohinoor 220 6.3.8 Epilogue 220 6.4 Anglo-Sikh Relations 221 6.5 Anglo-Sikh War 221 6.6 and Freedom Struggle 222 6.7 225 6.8 Reform Movement 227 6.8.1 All Sikh Gurdwara Act & Legislation 227 6.9 228 6.10 Punjabi Suba Movement 230

7. Sikh Politics 235 7.1 243 7.2 Central Sikh League 244 7.3 Akali Dal 244 7.4 Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) 248 7.5 Chief Diwan 249 7.6 Khalistan Movement 250

8. Sikh Leaders 253 8.1 Jassa Singh 256 8.2 Kapur Singh 256 8.3 Baba 257 8.4 Master 257 8.5 Sant Fateh Singh 259 8.6 Sant Harchand Singh Longowal 259 8.7 Giani Zail Singh 260 8.8 Dr. Manmohan Singh 261

9. Sikh Art & Architecture 263

10. Sikh Coins (Numismatics) 273

11. Sikh Culture & Traditions 277 11.1 Baisakhi 281

12. Sikhs as Khalsa 285

13. Sikh Code of Conduct, Institutions & Ceremonies 295 13.1 Code of Conduct 295 13.1.1 297 13.1.2 Rehras 297 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS

13.1.3 Ardas (Prayer) 298 13.1.4 Sangat (Congregation) 299 13.1.5 Nam (Meditation) 300 13.1.6 (Community Kitchen) 302 13.2 Sikh Institutions 303 13.2.1 Hukamnama 303 13.2.2 Gurmata 304 13.2.3 304 13.3 Sikh Ceremonies 305 13.3.1 Birth & Death 305 13.3.2 Initiation 306 13.3.3 Naming Ceremony 306 13.3.4 Marriage Ceremony ( ) 307

14. Sikh Symbols & Identity 311 14.1 Sikh Identity 313 14.2 Sikh Hair (Kesh) 317 14.3 Sikh Turban 319 14.4 Kirpan (Sword) 319

15. Sikh Education & Research 321

16. Sikh Scholars & Personalities 329 16.1 Bhai Gurdas 332 16.2 Bhai Vir Singh 333 16.2.1 Poetical Works 337 16.2.2 Rana Surat Singh 338 16.2.3 Prose 339 16.2.4 As an Historian 339 16.2.5 Appraisal 340 16.2.6 Tributes 342 16.3 Dr. Balbir Singh 342 16.4 Puran Singh 343 16.5 Bhai Jodh Singh 343 16.6 Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid 344 16.7 Dr. Ganda Singh 345 16.8 Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia 346 16.9 Khushwant Singh 346

17. Sikh Castes & Casteism 349

18. Sikh Sects 355 18.1 Sikhs (Kukas) 355 18.2 Sikhs 359 18.3 Nirmalas 361 18.4 361

19. (Sikh Shrines) 363 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix

19.1 Harimandir Sahib () 368 19.2 Hemkunt 371 19.3 Sis Ganj 372 19.4 Rikab Ganj 372 19.5 Gurdwaras Outside India 373

20. Sikh Warriors & Martyrs 375 20.1 378 20.2 Akali Phoola Singh 378 20.3 Shaheed Bhagat Singh 378

21. Sikh Music (Gurbani ) 381

22. Sikhs in Military 385

23. Sikh Women 391

24. Sikh Youths & Apostasy 413

25. & Other Religions 417 25.1 Sikhism & Buddhism 423 25.2 Sikhism & Christianity 424 25.3 Sikhism & Hinduism 426 25.4 Sikhism & Islam 429

26. Sikh Diaspora 433 26.1 Sikhs in Australia & New Zealand 442 26.2 Sikhs in Canada 445 26.2.1 Komagata Maru Incident 461 26.3 Sikhs in Malaysia & Singapore 463 26.4 Sikhs in Thailand 466 26.5 Sikhs in United Kingdom 466 26.6 Sikhs in United States 476 26.6.1 Ghadr Movement 486

27. Future of Sikhs & Sikhism 489

28. Miscellaneous Works 495 28.1 Caucasian (Gora) Sikhs 526 28.2 Sehajdhari Sikhs 527 28.3 528 28.4 Sikhs & Health 529 28.5 Sikhs in Sports 532 28.6 Sikh Personal Law 533 28.7 Sikhs & Human Rights 534 28.8 Sikhs & National Integration 534 28.9 Hindu–Sikh Relations 535 x TABLE OF CONTENTS

28.10 Sikh Journalism 536 28.11 Operation Bluestar 537 28.12 Sikhs in Other States 539 28.13 Delhi Riots Against Sikhs 542 28.14 Rangnath Mishra Commission 543

Author Index ...... 545 Subject Index...... 579 Preface

Sikhism is one of the youngest religions of the world, and its followers, Sikhs, are renowned as fierce and proud warriors. They believe in single, formless God, and are now settled in almost ev- ery country on this planet. Because of their dedication, hard-work and entrepreneurship, a number of Sikh leaders have occupied coveted positions like President, Prime Minister, Home Minister, Finance Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Ministers, Governors, Mayors, High Commissioners, Members of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies not only in India but also in other countries. Beside politics, Sikhs have also excelled in the field of education and research, and have earned the distinction of becoming Vice-Chancellors, Directors, Professors, and Senior Research Scientists. Due to their growing popularity, people from around the world want to learn more about their culture, history, politics, religion, and traditions. In recent decades, several studies on Sikhs and Sikhism have attracted global attention. Many colleges and universities in India, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, United States and other countries have introduced teaching and research programs on Sikh culture, religion and Diaspora. Several conferences and seminars have been organized at international level on different aspects of Sikhism. This growing awareness has resulted literature avalanche in Sikh studies. A large number of contributions have been made in the form of various publications. And most recently with the advancement in information technologies, there is a trend to develop more and more electronic and web resources on Sikhs and their religion. For the bibliographical control of the voluminous literature on Sikhism, some efforts have been made in the past by scholars and librarians like Ganda Singh, Kirpal Singh, N. Gerald Barrier, Hakam Singh, Jaginder Singh Ramdev, Jasmer Singh, Rajwant Singh, Man Singh Deora, Priya Muhar Rai, Darshan Singh Tatla, and others. They have contributed useful bibliographies on Sikhs and Sikhism. Most of these works contained books published up to 1980s and did not have international coverage. The present work is a first attempt of its kind to bring together at one place all books, composite works, journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, and project reports produced globally till June 2004. This bibliography has long been in the making. Its compilation began when I was at the University of Delhi in 1988, and brought out my publication “Sikhs: Their literature on culture, history, philosophy, politics, religion and traditions”. After that I had the privilege of working as librarian in some of the largest university and public libraries in Canada and United States. I had access to huge collections of monographs, theses databases, journals, and electronic resources while working at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver), and University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), and also at the Vancouver Public Library and Fraser Valley Regional Library (Canada). Beside these, for the collection of current data and to make this work more comprehensive, I also visited Library of Congress (Washington DC), British Library (London), University of London, University of Toronto, University of Washington (Seattle), and all major universities and research institutions in India.

Arrangement

Over 10,000 items of literature produced in English have been listed alphabetically by author names under twenty-eight chapters and sub-headings. As names of Sikh males end with ‘Singh’ and female end with ‘Kaur’, the rendering for such authors is under their first names. Also xii PREFACE some Sikh authors use last names (surnames) after Singh or Kaur, in such cases their works are arranged by the last names. Many authors have used romanised Punjabi words in their works, which have been italicized. Titles of books and journals are also given in italics. Efforts have been made to use English spellings. A list of journals on Sikhism, and resources used for compilation of this work has been provided in this publication. In the first chapter on ‘Printed & Electronic Resources’, an annotated survey has been presented of all major reference documents published on Sikhism, and a select listing of electronic and web based resources has been added. For the convenience of its easy use and retrieving information promptly, author, and subject indexes have been appended to this work.

Acknowledgements

For the successful completion of this project, I consulted a number of scholars and information specialists. I owe my gratitude to all of them for their advice and assistance. The author wishes to acknowledge the Research and Publication Committee of the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign Library, which provided support for the completion of this research bibliography. Thanks are also due to the Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers) who accepted my proposal for the printed and online version of this work. Also, I recall with love and affection the support and inspiration of my wife, Amrit Kaur, and my children Jasmit Singh and Parmit Kaur for their computer expertise. It is hoped that this bibliographical guide will prove to be a useful informative resource for all those scholars who have keen interest in the serious study of Sikhs and Sikhism. As this work will also be available in an online web based format, bibliographical entries will be updated at a regular interval. In the compilation of this work I might have missed some publications, and there may be a few omissions and errors. Suggestions for the improvement of this bibliographical guide will be highly welcomed and appreciated.

Dr. Rajwant Singh Chilana University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A. List of Sikh Periodicals r Akal Journal of Spiritualism. Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh: The Kalgidhar Society, 2001–, Quarterly. r Abstracts of Sikh Studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1991–, Quarterly. r Amrit Kirtan (English & Punjabi). Chandigarh: Amrit Kirtan Trust, 1988–, Monthly. r Atam Science (English & Punjabi). Mohali: Atam Science Trust, 1961–, Quarterly. r Bulletin of the Christian Institute for Religious Studies (Preceding Title: Bulletin of the Chris- tian Institute for Sikh Studies). Batala: Christian Institute for Religious Studies, 1972–, Semi- annual. r Canadian Sikhs. Richmond, BC: Amar, 1961–63, Monthly. r Gurdwara Gazette (English & Punjabi).: SGPC, Monthly. r Guru Gobind Singh Journal of Religious Studies. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1994–, Quarterly. r Guru Nanak Journal of Sociology. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980–, Semiannual. r International Journal of Studies. New Delhi: Sage, 1994–, Semiannual. r International Journal of Sikh Affairs (Preceded by Sikhs, Past and Present). Edmonton, Canada: Sikh Educational Trust, 1998–, Semiannual. r Journal of Regional History. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980–, Semiannual. r Journal of Religious Studies. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972–, Semiannual. r Journal of Sikh Studies. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1974–, Semiannual. r The Khalsa Advocate. Amritsar, 1903–1920s, Weekly. r Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1981–, Quarterly. r Khoj Darpan. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1979–1995. r Missionary: A Quarterly Journal on Sikh Religion, Culture and History. New Delhi: Sikh Missionary Society, 1959–63, Quarterly. r Nanak Prakash. Nairobi, Kenya: The Sikh Students Federation, 1986–, Irregular. r The Nation. Ottawa: National Sikh Society of Ottawa, 1981–. r Newsletter. Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social & Educational Society, 1978–1983, Quarterly. r Nishaan. New Delhi: Nagaara Trust, 2000–, Quarterly. r Panchbati Sandesh. Dehradun: Dr. Balbir Singh Sahitya Kendra, 1977–, Quarterly. r Panjab Past and Present. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1966–, Semiannual. r Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1969–, Semian- nual. xiv LIST OF SIKH PERIODICALS r Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2003–, Annual. r Proceedings of the Punjab History Conference. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1965–, Annual. r Punjab Journal of Education. Chandigarh: Department of Education, 1971–, Quarterly. r Punjab Journal of Politics. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1977–, Semiannual. r Sat Sandesh. Bowling Green, Virginia: Sawan Kirpal Publications, 1960s–, Monthly. r The Sikh Bulletin. Roseville, CA: Khalsa Tercentennial Foundation of North America, 1999–, Monthly. r Sikh Bulletin. Chichester, WestSussex: WestSussex Institute of Higher Education, 1984–1996, Annual. r The Sikh Courier International. London: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1960–, Quar- terly. r Sikh Destiny. Columbia, MD.: Ajaib Singh Sidhu, 1984–, Monthly. r Sikh Dharma Brotherhood. Washington: Sikh Dharma Brotherhood, (1900s)–, Quarterly. r Sikh Digest. New Delhi: Sikh Digest Office, 1971–. r Sikh Generations. Corona, New York: Sikh Generations, 1989–, Quarterly. r The Sikh Herald. Toronto: Canadian Sikh Visionary Society, 1986–, Monthly. r Sikhkha Intaranaishanala=Sikh International. Leominster, Mass.: Harbans Singh Sandhu, 1993–, Monthly. r Sikh Marg. Vancouver: Canadian Sikh Study & Teaching Society, 1988–, Biannual. r Sikh Messenger. London: Sikh Messenger Publications, 1984–, Quarterly. r The Sikh News & Views (Preceded by SSES Newsletter). Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1984–, Quarterly. r Sikh Phulwari. Ludhiana: Sikh Missionary College, 1977–, Quarterly. r The Sikh Reformer. Coventry: Sikh Cultural Society, 1991–. r Sikh Religious Studies Information. Stony Brook, N.Y.:Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions. 1979–1984, Bimonthly. (Merged with Asian Religious Studies Information). r The Sikh Review. Calcutta: Sikh Cultural Centre, 1953–, Monthly. r Sikh Sandesh. Cardiff: India Society of Wales, 1970–1972. r The Sikh Sansar. Redwood City, Calif.: Sikh Foundation, 1972–1977, Quarterly. r Sikh Spectrum. Edmonton: Sikh Heritage Association of Alberta, 1990–, Irregular. r Sikh Spirit (Continues Newsletter Central Gurdwara Resource Center). London, 1997–, Monthly. r Sikh Studies. Brampton, Ontario: Centre for Sikh Studies, 1999–, Semiannual. r Sikh Studies Quarterly. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 2000–2001 (Continued as Ab- stracts of Sikh Studies). r The Sikh Times. Vancouver: Sikh Times Society, 1982, Monthly (ceased). r The Sikh Times International. Vancouver, 1987–88 (Ceased). LIST OF SIKH PERIODICALS xv r Sikh Versa=Sikh Heritage. Calgary: Harcharan Singh, 1996–, Monthly. r The Sikh Views. Surrey, BC, 2000–, Irregular. r The Sikhs, Past & Present. Oslo, Norway: Guru Nanak Institute of Sikh Studies, 1991–, Semiannual (1993-published by the Sikh Educational Trust, Edmonton, Canada). r SSES Newsletter. Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1978, Quarterly (Continued as Sikh News & Views). r Southeast Sikh Samachar. Stone Mountain, GA.: Sikh Study Circle, 1991–, Monthly. r Spokesman Weekly. Chandigarh, 1951–, Monthly. r Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1982–, Semiannual. r The Sword. Ottawa: World Sikh Organization of Canada, 1985–, Quarterly. r The Truth. Laval, Quebec: D.S. Chahal, 1985–1987 (ceased with vol. 3). r Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal. Laval, Quebec: Institute for Understanding Sikhism, 1999–, Semiannual. r World Sikh News. Stockton, CA: 1985–, Weekly. Sources Used for the Compilation r Academic Search Elite (EBSCO)—Online r Arts and Humanities Index r ATLA/ATLAS Religion Database—Online r Bibliography of Asian Studies r Bibliography of Doctoral Dissertations accepted at the Indian Universities r Books in Print r British Books in Print r British Library—Online Catalogue r Canadian Books in Print r Canadian Periodicals Index r COPAC (United Kingdom) r DELNET (New Delhi) r Dissertations Abstracts International r Documentation on Punjab Studies (New Delhi, Monthly) r Encyclopaedia of Sikhism (Punjabi University) r Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics r Guide to Indian Periodicals Literature r Historical Abstracts—Online r Humanities Abstracts—Online r Index India (Rajasthan University) r Index Islamicus r Index to Indian Periodicals Literature r Indian Books in Print r Indian Encyclopaedia r Indian National Bibliography (National Library, Calcutta) r Indian Press Index r Indian Social Science Index (ISID, Online) r INFLIBNET Databases of Theses, Serials and Books r Library of Congress Catalogue—Online r McMillan Encyclopedia of Religion r National Library of Canada—Online Catalogue r Online Catalogues of several institutions around the world xviii INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES r Periodicals Abstracts r Periodicals Contents Index r Social Sciences Citation Index r Sociological Abstracts r South Asia Bibliographer (Accession List of India) r Vidyanidhi—Indian Theses Database r World Catalogue (OCLC Online)