RAINFALL 1983 for the United Kingdom
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The Late Pleistocene Sequence at Wells, Somerset
Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelaeol. Soc, 1988, l« (2), 241-257 THE LATE PLEISTOCENE SEQUENCE AT WELLS, SOMERSET by D. T. DONOVAN ABSTRACT Late Quaternary deposits and geomorphologicai features within a radius of about 4 km of Wells, Somerset, England are reviewed. The earliest well dated occurrence is the Hippopotamus fauna from Milton Hill, assigned to the warm interglacial episode corresponding to Oxygen Isolopc Stage 5c in deep sea cores. The dissected Reward Grave! is thoughl to be older, perhaps O.I.S. 6. The Wookey Hole ravine developed during ihe early part of the lasi glaeiulion (O.I.S. 5?), the Ebbor gorge later (O.I.S. 37) The Wells and Wookey Station gravel spreads, the former with woolly rhinoceros and ?mummoth, are correlated with the maximum glacial advance of the Late Devensian. INTRODUCTION The City of Wells has in its immediate vicinity an unusually rich assortment of Late Pleistocene deposits and sites. Many of these were investigated by the late H. E. Balch, Curator of Wells Museum, and his finds are to be found in the Museum along with more casual discoveries. The present paper is an attempt to survey some of this material and its chronological significance. It is convenient to deal in some detail with the Late Pleistocene as defined by Bovven et a!. (1987, p. 299), that is, beginning at the base of Oxygen Isotope Stage 5e. Middle Pleistocene deposits of great importance are found at Westbury-sub-Mendip, only 6 km from Wells (Bishop, 1982) but at present they cannot be satisfactorily connected with the chronology of the later deposits. -
Palaeolithic and Pleistocene Sites of the Mendip, Bath and Bristol Areas
Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelacol. Soc, 19SlJ, 18(3), 367-389 PALAEOLITHIC AND PLEISTOCENE SITES OF THE MENDIP, BATH AND BRISTOL AREAS RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHY by R. W. MANSFIELD and D. T. DONOVAN Lists of references lo works on the Palaeolithic and Pleistocene of the area were published in these Proceedings in 1954 (vol. 7, no. 1) and 1964 (vol. 10, no. 2). In 1977 (vol. 14, no. 3) these were reprinted, being then out of print, by Hawkins and Tratman who added a list ai' about sixty papers which had come out between 1964 and 1977. The present contribution is an attempt to bring the earlier lists up to date. The 1954 list was intended to include all work before that date, but was very incomplete, as evidenced by the number of older works cited in the later lists, including the present one. In particular, newspaper reports had not been previously included, but are useful for sites such as the Milton Hill (near Wells) bone Fissure, as are a number of references in serials such as the annual reports of the British Association and of the Wells Natural History and Archaeological Society, which are also now noted for the first time. The largest number of new references has been generated by Gough's Cave, Cheddar, which has produced important new material as well as new studies of finds from the older excavations. The original lists covered an area from what is now the northern limit of the County of Avon lo the southern slopes of the Mendips. Hawkins and Tratman extended that area to include the Quaternary Burtle Beds which lie in the Somerset Levels to the south of the Mendips, and these are also included in the present list. -
Gwennap Parish Council MINUTES of a MEETING HELD at the PARISH ROOMS, PULLA CROSS on 19 Th NOVEMBER 2015 at 7Pm
Gwennap Parish Council MINUTES OF A MEETING HELD AT THE PARISH ROOMS, PULLA CROSS ON 19 th NOVEMBER 2015 at 7pm Present. Cllr Furnish (KF) Chairman, Cllr Humble (RH) Vice Chairman, Cllr Roscorla (PR), Cllr Padmore (MP), Cllr Lanyon (DL), Cllr Hannam (SH) Apologies Cllr Leach Also present: Mrs Roscorla, Cornwall Councillor Kaczmarek, PCSO Fuller, Mrs Carpenter, Mr Whipp & Son, Mr D’Souza, Ms MacSweeney, Cornwall Councillor Kaczmarek (from 7.45pm) PUBLIC CLINIC 1. PCSO Fuller attended the meeting for the first time and gave his monthly report, with figures for the whole of his area …..and more detailed explanation for Gwennap …..parish specific. He was thanked by the Chairman and left. 2. Prior to the meeting, the Clerk had received eight letters of objection to a planning application for 2, Carn View …..Gwennap. Their objections mainly centred on the current parking problems and the social cohesion conflict that would …..arise between householders if this application was approved. …..Mrs Carpenter, Mr D-Souza and Ms MacSweeney spoke to confirm these fears, whilst Mr Whipp, the applicant, …..apologised for the current parking problems, caused by a short-term tenant in No 2, but which would soon disappear. …..He also explained that he would be creating two new parking spaces for No 2 to replace those lost with the development. …..The Chairman explained that all comments would be considered when the application was discussed later in the …..meeting. CORNWALL COUNCILLOR’S REPORT 15/084 Cllr Kaczmarek gave his report later in the meeting, informing the council: • He had driven around the parish with the Highways Manager pointing out areas of concern including the collapsed road edge close to Cusgarne School and hedge growth at Hicks Mill • He had written expressing concerns about announced Police Station closures • He was involved with the drainage problems at 1, Trenbal, Crofthandy • He outlined Housing policy changes • The new target for house building in Cornwall was 52,000. -
River Avon (Bristol) – Sommerfords Fishing Association
River Avon (Bristol) – Sommerfords Fishing Association An advisory visit carried out by the Wild Trout Trust – March 2012 1 1. Introduction This report is the output of a Wild Trout Trust advisory visit undertaken on a stretch of the River Avon on waters controlled by the Sommerfords Fishing Association. The club has approximately 11Km of fishing but the advisory visit was restricted to the top beat, above Kingsmead Mill NGR ST 956844. The request for the visit was made by Mr. Ian Mock, who serves on the club committee and is the club’s Treasurer. The Sommerfords FA manages the Avon as a mixed fishery, where the emphasis is mainly on coarse fishing. The club undertakes some trout stocking on the 1km reach downstream of Kingsmead Mill, with an annual introduction of approximately 300 triploid brown trout. The top beat is not stocked and the members target both wild trout and coarse fish from this section. There is concern that results from the top beat have been in decline in recent years and the club is keen to explore opportunities to improve habitat for flow-loving, gravel spawning fish species. Comments in this report are based on observations on the day of the site visit and discussions with Mr. Mock. Throughout the report, normal convention is followed with respect to bank identification i.e. banks are designated Left Bank (LB) or Right Bank (RB) whilst looking downstream. Sommerfords FA beat above Kingsmead Mill 2 2. Catchment overview The upper Bristol Avon rises east of the town of Chipping Sodbury in South Gloucestershire, just north of the village of Acton Turnville. -
Here Needs Conserving and Enhancing
OS EXPLORER MAP OS EXPLORER MAP OS EXPLORER MAP OS EXPLORER MAP 141 141 154 153 GRID REFERENCE GRID REFERENCE GRID REFERENCE GRID REFERENCE A WILD LAND VISITOR GUIDE VISITOR ST 476587 ST466539 ST578609 ST386557 POSTCODE POSTCODE POSTCODE POSTCODE READY FOR BS40 7AU CAR PARK AT THE BOTTOM OF BS27 3QF CAR PARK AT THE BOTTOM BS40 8TF PICNIC AND VISITOR FACILITIES, BS25 1DH KINGS WOOD CAR PARK BURRINGTON COMBE OF THE GORGE NORTH EAST SIDE OF LAKE ADVENTURE BLACK DOWN & BURRINGTON HAM CHEDDAR GORGE CHEW VALLEY LAKE CROOK PEAK Courtesy of Cheddar Gorge & Caves This area is a very special part of Mendip.Open The internationally famous gorge boasts the highest Slow down and relax around this reservoir that sits in The distinctive peak that most of us see from the heathland covers Black Down, with Beacon Batch at inland limestone cliffs in the country. Incredible cave the sheltered Chew Valley. Internationally important M5 as we drive by. This is iconic Mendip limestone its highest point. Most of Black Down is a Scheduled systems take you back through human history and are for the birds that use the lake and locally loved by the countryside, with gorgeous grasslands in the summer ADVENTURE Monument because of the archaeology from the late all part of the visitor experience. fishing community. and rugged outcrops of stone to play on when you get Stone Age to the Second World War. to the top. Travel on up the gorge and you’ll be faced with Over 4000 ducks of 12 different varieties stay on READY FOR FOR READY Burrington Combe and Ham are to the north and adventure at every angle. -
Appendix L1 - Ecological Monitoring Methodologies
Appendix L1 - Ecological Monitoring Methodologies Macro-invertebrate flow assessment - LIFE A flow diagram showing the steps taken to assess the suitability of the macro-invertebrate community to the flow conditions in the river is shown in Figure L1.1 and described below. Assessment of flow conditions using macro-invertebrates is based on the Lotic-invertebrate Index for Flow Evaluation (LIFE) (Ref. L1). Macro-invertebrates are collected using a standard 3-minute kick sample and sorted following ‘Procedures for Collecting and Analysing Macro-invertebrate Samples’ (BT 001) published by the Environment Agency (Ref. L2). The invertebrate processing was subject to an analytical quality control scheme as detailed in ‘Procedure for quality assurance for RIVPACS compatible macro-invertebrate samples analysed to the taxonomic level needed for the BMWP-score’. BT 003 (Ref. L3). Each scoring taxa or species is allocated a LIFE score that is dependent on its flow/current velocity requirements and the number of individuals present. In most samples from the Malmesbury Avon there are 20 to 30 taxa present in a sample. The score for each taxa is added together and the total is divided by the number of scoring taxa/species to give the LIFE score for the sample. The theoretical range for LIFE scores is 1-12 although scores typically range between 8 for high gradient headwaters and 6 for slower flowing impounded stretches of water. Ten sites were selected by the Environment Agency on the Sherston and Tetbury arms and main Avon below Malmesbury and have been sampled in 2001, 2002 and 2004. Samples were taken in spring, summer and autumn wherever resources permitted. -
Mendip Hills AONB Survey
Mendip Hills An Archaeological Survey of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty by Peter Ellis ENGLISH HERITAGE Contents List of figures Introduction and Acknowledgements ...................................................1 Project Summary...................................................................................2 Table 1: New sites located during the present survey..................3 Thematic Report Introduction ................................................................................10 Hunting and Gathering...............................................................10 Ritual and Burial ........................................................................12 Settlement...................................................................................18 Farming ......................................................................................28 Mining ........................................................................................32 Communications.........................................................................36 Political Geography....................................................................37 Table 2: Round barrow groups...................................................40 Table 3: Barrow excavations......................................................40 Table 4: Cave sites with Mesolithic and later finds ...................41 A Case Study of the Wills, Waldegrave and Tudway Quilter Estates Introduction ................................................................................42 -
Bristol Avon Consultation Draft
U E T K f i - £ local environment agency plan BRISTOL AVON CONSULTATION DRAFT E n v ir o n m e n t Ag e n c y MAP 1 Map 1 - Local authority boundaries Map 2 - Exceedences of critical loads of acidity for soils SO 00 SP District Councils Stroud West Wiltshire Modelled Sulphur Cotswold Mendip Deposition for 1995 North Wiltshire Salisbury Kennet South Somerset 10km Thampsriown TETBURY ' s!"' MALMESBURY- uth of the Severn WOOTTON iCREAT SO M ERFO RD ^ # J UDAUNTSEY BUSHTON CHIPPENHAM Exceedence (Kilogramme equivalent of CALNE \ hydrogen ions per hectare per year) Not Exceeded KEYNSHAM BATH BEANACREM 0.0 - 0.2 fMELKSfi! SOUTH WRAXALL 0.2 - 0.5 ,BRADFORD ON AVON DEVIZES Modelled Sulphur 0.5- 1.0 Deposition for 2005 TROWBRIDGE RADSTOCK \ LITTON/ MIDSOMER- ‘vCHEWTON NORTON- ( m e n d ip I C ,J ' FROME: ;----WESTBURY Unitary Authonties Catchment Boundary North Somerset Bath and North East Somerset Settlement Bristol City Council Local Authority © Crown Boundary South Gloucestershire Copyright Source: Critical Loads Mapping and Data Centre, ITE Monks Wood - Data acknowledgement: CMC Soils sub-group, Hull University © Crown Copyright © Crown Copyright ENVIRONMENT AGENCY Map 3 - Bristol Avon Catchment Area © Crown Copyright t Map 4 - Compliance with River Quality Objectives (River Ecosystem Classification 1997) © Crown Copyright MAPS MAP 6 Map 5 - EC Directives Map 6 - STWs Causing or Contributing to Degraded Water Quality SO 00 SP SOOOSP Cause/contribute to May cause/contribute to EC Dangerous Substance AA A▲ monitoring site RQO and LT-RQO RQO and -
GEOMORPHOLOGY and HYDROLOGY of the CENTRAL MENDIPS Steady Gradient of About I in 90 to Crook Peak (628 Ft.) and with Only Slightly Less Regularity to 400 Ft
Geomorphology and Hydrology or the Central Mendips. Proc. Univ. Brist. Spe1. Soc., 1969, 12 (I), 63-74. Jubilee Contribution University ofBristol Spel.eological Society Geomorphologyand Hydrology of the Central Mendips By D. T. DONOVAN, D.Se. Only in the last few years has the Society carried out and published work on cave geomorphology and hydrology. This article attempts to relate this work to the geomorphological problems of the Mendip Hills. These will be reviewed first. The first question which must be settled is the degree to which the relief of the Palreozoic rocks is an exhumed relief dating from Triassic times, revealed by the removal ofMesozoic rocks. Some authors, perhaps in spired by Lloyd Morgan (Morgan 1888 p. 250; Morgan & Reynolds 1909, p. 24), have thought Triassic erosion an important factor in determining details ofpresent relief. While the broad reliefofnorth Somerset certainly reflects that of the late Trias, when the Coal Measures vales between the Carboniferous Limestone uplands had already been eroded to their present level or lower, I question whether the relationship holds in any detail. Some of the marginal slopes of Mendip may be little more than old Carboniferous Limestone slopes exhumed by removal of Trias, but along the southern limit of the Mendips the characteristic steep, regular marginal slope is, in fact, largely cut in the Triassic Dolomitic Conglo merate which has an exceedingly irregular contact with the Carboniferous Limestone. Similarly, the summit plateau cuts indiscriminately across Carboniferous and Triassic. All the anticlinal cores were exposed by erosion in Triassic times, but except west of Rowberrow, where the Old Red Sandstone core ofthe Blackdown anticline was already eroded down to a low level in the Trias, I conclude, with Ford and Stanton (1969) that the Triassic landscape is unimportant in controlling present relief. -
August - September 2013
August - September 2013 A rock-filled festival to celebrate the fascinating geology of The limestone geology has created the highest inland cliffs and the Mendip Hills. Step back in time and explore an amazing some of the most beautiful caves in the UK. We aim to explore 420 million years of geology right under your feet. Now in its this geological diversity throughout our festival events. These third year, the festival offers a wide range of events which tell include talks, walks, workshops and visits. No prior in depth the ancient stories that have shaped a unique and very special knowledge of geology required, all will be revealed as we landscape. Mendip’s best kept geological secrets are very much explore together. the theme this year, with many events being held at sites that are either not usually open to the general public or are little Admission Charges – unless otherwise stated events are free but known. a donation of £3/adult, £1/child is welcome towards the Mendip Rocks! Project. Thur 1 Aug 11am – 4pm Thurs 8 Aug 10.30am – 2.30pm Rocky Roadshow Living Seas Brean Beach Walk Longleat Conference Room, Goughs Cave, Explore the coastal wildlife of this rocky beach below Cheddar Gorge the Carboniferous cliffs of Brean Down with Nigel Fun for all ages with drop-in workshops from the Phillips. Learn how these cliffs were formed and how Somerset Earth Science Centre team joined by the the sea has shaped this landscape during the last Bristol Dinosaur Project, Mendip Hills AONB Young 6,000 years. Bring food for beach picnic. -
UPHILL BEACH (Tidal!)
START - UPHILL BEACH (tidal!) Start Times: Start on the beach at 10:30 the high water line 11:15 12:00 Please allow sufficient time to check in with the marshals The West Mendip Way is route-marked with these round blue signs Leg 1-1. Turn right off the road onto a tarmac cycle path and head straight on past the marina Leg1-5. Take care! Cross the A370 Leg1-7. U-Turn right to by the WMW marker and then go around Purn Hill Leg1-12. Take the path straight Leg1-13. At the junction follow follow the small lane opposite ahead (behind the car!) the track up hill to the right and Leg1-8. Turn left into Purn Way turn right again at the top Leg1-2. Bear right off the cycle path (as it Leg1-9. Turn right at Leg1-14. Turn left starts to rise), a magnolia house onto a faint trail, No short-cut! through a gate leading to a gate and follow an (in the hedge) ascending path – and follow the keep straight on path ahead and eventually through the descend to into nature reserve Leg1-11. Turn right Loxton and climb Hellenge Hill, follow the road to the right at the top Leg1-4. Turn left again Leg1-3. After re-joining the the after a small rise and cycle path, go right, then turn shortly afterwards turn left after the metal gate right to follow the Leg1-6. Turn left to head Leg1-10. Turn left and pavement beside the A370 up a rocky footpath go up a steep lane Leg 1: Uphill to Loxton 10.0 km (6.2 miles) Up: 253 m Down: 235 m Checked by Laura & Steve June 2018 LOXTON CHANGE-OVER Leg 1 to Leg 2 Leg 1 Leg1-15. -
Upper Bristol Avon Catchment Management Plan Consultation Report Is the NRA’S Initial Analysis of the Issues Facing the Catchment
NRA South West 36 8 $ UPPER BRISTOL AVON CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN CONSULTATION REPORT JU N E 1994 E n v ir o n m e n t Ag e n c y NATIONAL LIBRARY & INFORMATION SERVICE HEAD OFFICE Rio House, Waterside Drive. Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD ENVIRONMENT AGENCY iiiiii iiiii mu i ii hi 0062321 This document is printed on recycled paper YOU R VIEW S The Upper Bristol Avon Catchment Management Plan Consultation Report is the NRA’s initial analysis of the issues facing the catchment. We want to hear your views. * Have we identified all the issues? * Have we identified all the options for solutions? * Have you any comments on the issues and options listed? If so, we would like to hear from you. Comments on the Upper Bristol Avon Catchment Management Consultation Report are best sent in writing and should be received by Tuesday 6 September 1994. To comment, please write to: Alan Turner North Wessex Area Catchment Planner NRA South Western Region Rivers House East Quay Bridgwater Somerset TA6 4YS Tel: Bridgwater (0278) 457333 Ext 4765 THE NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY The NRA’s mission and aims are as follows: "We will protect and improve the water environment by the effective management of water resources and by substantial reductions in pollution. We will aim to provide effective defence for people and property against flooding from rivers and the sea. In discharging our duties we will operate openly and balance the interest of all who benefit from and use rivers, groundwaters, estuaries, and coastal waters. We will be businesslike, efficient and caring towards our employees".