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Heritage Assets in Inland Waters

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Heritage Assets in Inland Waters Heritage Assets in Inland Waters Antony Firth March 2014 A report for English Heritage Fjordr Ref: 16171 English Heritage Ref: 6670 Fjordr Marine and Historic Environment Consulting Title Heritage Assets in Inland Waters - an appraisal of their significance and protection Fjordr Ref / Version 16171 External Ref(s) EH 6670 Authors Antony Firth Derivation Origination Date 04/09/13 Date of Last Revision 05/03/14 Status / Required Action Draft Circulation EH File Name / Location C:\Users\Antony\AJF - Fjordr\Business\Projects\16171 Inland Waters - Main\Report\Heritage Assets in Inland Waters - Final Report 050314.docx Fjordr Limited. Company No. 07837575 Registered Office: Windover House, St. Ann Street, Salisbury, SP1 2DR Heritage Assets in Inland Waters Fjordr 16171 – March 2014 Contents Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary .........................................................................................................iv 1. Background ............................................................................................................ 1 2. Research Aim and Objectives ................................................................................... 1 3. Project Scope ......................................................................................................... 2 3.1. Study Area................................................................................................... 4 4. Outline of Methods .................................................................................................. 5 4.1. Review of National Heritage List for England .................................................. 5 4.2. Site visits ..................................................................................................... 7 4.3. Correspondence and meetings ...................................................................... 7 5. Asset Types in Inland Waters .................................................................................. 9 5.1. Overview of Designated Heritage Assets in the Study Area ............................. 9 5.2. Transport ...................................................................................................10 Bridges .......................................................................................................10 Locks..........................................................................................................13 Water Management .....................................................................................14 Aqueducts and Tunnels ...............................................................................15 Culverts ......................................................................................................15 5.3. Domestic ....................................................................................................16 5.4. Mills ...........................................................................................................18 5.5. Trade .........................................................................................................18 5.6. Religious .....................................................................................................20 5.7. Military .......................................................................................................21 5.8. Shipbuilding ................................................................................................22 5.9. Heritage Assets not represented by Designations in the Study Area ................22 Vessels .......................................................................................................23 Aircraft .......................................................................................................25 Fishing .......................................................................................................25 Drainage.....................................................................................................27 Waterways .................................................................................................28 6. Investigative Methodologies and Techniques ...........................................................29 6.1. Overview of Investigative Methodologies and Techniques ..............................29 6.2. Direct Observation ......................................................................................30 6.3. Remote Sensing ..........................................................................................33 7. Hazards: sources, pathways and receptors ..............................................................36 i Heritage Assets in Inland Waters Fjordr 16171 – March 2014 7.1. River restoration, flood risk management, and the removal of structures ........37 7.2. Watercourse Management ...........................................................................38 7.3. Development ..............................................................................................39 7.4. Small-scale Hydropower ..............................................................................39 7.5. Erosion .......................................................................................................40 7.6. Flooding .....................................................................................................41 8. Statutory and policy frameworks .............................................................................42 8.1. Scheduled Monuments ................................................................................42 8.2. Listed Buildings ...........................................................................................44 8.3. Parks, Gardens and Battlefields ....................................................................44 8.4. World Heritage Sites ....................................................................................45 9. Potential for increased awareness and appreciation .................................................48 10. Conclusions ...........................................................................................................52 11. Recommendations .................................................................................................53 Range/potential of asset types and their significance .....................................53 Methodologies and techniques .....................................................................54 Law, policy and management .......................................................................54 12. References ............................................................................................................56 Appendix I: Designated Assets in the Study Area ..............................................................58 Figures and Plates Figure 1: Designated Assets in the Study Area Figure 2: Designated Assets in the Study Area: West Figure 3: Designated Assets in the Study Area: East Plate 1: Ribbed arches beneath one side of Staverton Bridge, River Avon Plate 2: Modern bridge support apparently on much earlier pier, now covered in concrete and concrete bags, Dauntsey, River Avon Plate 3: Lower courses of former bridge, Lacock, River Avon Plate 4: Remains of former bridge in riverbank, Lacock, River Avon Plate 5: Structure of former lock in base of weir, Iffley (Inset Fig 2 Wessex Archaeology 1999) Plate 6: Section of vertical planking (campshedding), Iffley (Fig 3 Wessex Archaeology 1999) Plate 7: Apparently worked timber in backwater behind weir, River Avon Plate 8: Eroding stonework at ford just outside scheduled area, Barton Bridge, Bradford-on-Avon ii Heritage Assets in Inland Waters Fjordr 16171 – March 2014 Acknowledgements The project was commissioned by English Heritage as part of the National Heritage Protection Plan. The initial Project Proposal was developed following informal discussions and correspondence with Jen Heathcote and John Minnis. Fjordr would like to thank Jen Heathcote and Edward Salter of English Heritage for their guidance and assistance. I would also like to thank Tim Cromack and the staff of the National Heritage Protection Commissions Programme. Numerous people have provided information and views relating to archaeology in inland waters in the course of this project. I am especially grateful to the following: Rod Millard, Bath and North East Somerset Council David Viner, Canal & River Trust Keith Elliott, Northumberland County Council Gav Robinson, Northern Archaeological Associates Clare King, Wiltshire Council Keith Falconer Rory McNeary John Buglass, John Buglass Archaeological Services Nigel Baker, Herefordshire County Council Alan Stoyel Neil Rimmington Marcus Jecock, English Heritage Euan McNeill and Karen Nichols, Wessex Archaeology The project was carried out and this report was written by Antony Firth, Director of Fjordr Limited. Citation: Firth, A., 2014, ‘Heritage Assets in Inland Waters - an appraisal of their significance and protection’, unpublished report for English Heritage. Project Number EH 6670, Fjordr Ref: 16171. Tisbury: Fjordr Limited. iii Heritage Assets in Inland Waters Fjordr 16171 – March 2014 Executive Summary This report addresses the range of heritage assets that may be found under inland waters. The focus is on assets or features that go unnoticed because they are literally ‘in’ the water, beneath the surface. The report considers the significance of such assets
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