Coleoptera, Byrrhidae) Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè

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Coleoptera, Byrrhidae) Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 11(5): 437–447 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2012 Îáçîð ôàóíû æóêîâ-ïèëþëüùèêîâ (Coleoptera, Byrrhidae) Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè A review of pill beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Byrrhidae) of North Asia Ñ.Ý. ×åðíûø¸â S.E. Tshernyshev Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, ул. Фрунзе 11, Новосибирск 630091 Россия. E-mail: [email protected]. Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091 Russia. Ключевые слова: Coleoptera, Byrrhidae, фауна, Северная Азия. Key words: Coleoptera, Byrrhidae, fauna, North Asia. Резюме. Представлен обзор фауны жуков-пилюль- нях Тибетского нагорья, сухих степях Индии, щиков Северной Азии, включающей 45 видов из 10 ро- Пакистана, стран Средней Азии распространены дов двух подсемейств. Показано, что практически все представители подрода Byrrhus (Asiatobyrrhus) роды, за исключением Lamprobyrrhulus Ganglbauer, 1902 Paulus, 1971, Curimopsis Ganglbauer, 1902, в сухих и подрода Byrrhus (Aeneobyrrhus) Pütz, 1998, имеют го- степях Центральной Азии — Porcinolus Mulsant et ларктическое распространение, тогда как фауна пилюль- щиков Северной Америки более оригинальна и включа- Rey, 1869, в тропических странах Дальнего Восто- ет пять родов, распространенных только в Америке. Доля ка и Притихоокеанья наибольшую численность име- видов с голарктическим распространением (8 видов) ют Byrrhocomus Fabbri, 2003, Synorychomus Fabbri составляет 17 %, широкораспространённых в Палеарк- 2003, подавляющее большинство представителей тике — 19 % (9 видов); локальных восточно-северо-си- трибы Simplocariini: Crysosimplocaria Paulus, 1982, бирских — 19 % (9), локальных в горах Южной Сиби- Himalayoligus Fabbri, 2002, Horiella Takizava, 1983 ри — 29 % (14), в Приморье — 16 % (7). Показано, что и Simplocaria (Simplocaria) Stephens, 1829 [Jaeger, вполне вероятно нахождение «американских» видов из Pütz, 2006]. Поэтому назвать Byrrhidae исключи- родов Curimopsis Ganglbauer, 1902, Morychus Erichson, тельно «таёжной» или «тундровой» бореальной 1846, Byrrhus Linnaeus, 1758 по Северу региона. группой нельзя. Несмотря на это, в качестве мо- Abstract. A review of the pill beetle fauna, including 45 дельного вида для характеристики уникального лан- species of 10 genera and two subfamilies, is presented. дшафта северных территорий Азии — тундросте- Eight genera and subgenera occurring in North Asia have пей, традиционно используется именно пилюльщик Holarctic distributions. Lamprobyrrhulus Ganglbauer, 1902 Morychus viridis Kuzmina et Korotiaev, 1987 [Бер- and Byrrhus (Aeneobyrrhus) Pütz, 1998 are limited in their ман, 1990, 1992, 2001], хотя и отмечалось, что в ranges by Palaearctic territory. The North American pill силу обилия остатков Morychus в отложениях в beetle fauna includes five genera with Nearctic distributions разрезах разных частей Северо-Востока Азии, труд- and is more specific. It is shown that 8 species (17 %) of the но использовать виды этого рода в качестве инди- fauna are Holarctic in their ranges, 9 (20 %) are widespread кационных [Берман, 1990, 1992, 2001; Берман, in the Palaearctic, 9 (19 %) are locally distributed in eastern and northern Siberia, 14 (29 %) occur in the mountains of Алфимов, 1998; Берман и др., 2002; Алфимов и др., southern Siberia and 7 (16 %) in the Primorie. Some species 2003]. of Curimopsis Ganglbauer, 1902, Morychus Erichson, 1846, В азиатской части России, традиционно назы- and Byrrhus Linnaeus, 1758 currently known only from ваемой Северной Азией и представленной в каче- North America probably occur in northern Siberia. стве субрегиона Евразии административно очер- ченного границами Уральского, Сибирского и Введение Дальневосточного федерального округов, присут- ствует широкий спектр ландшафтов — от песча- Жуки пилюльщики, связанные в своём разви- ных и каменистых пустынь Убсунурского района тии с печёночными мхами, распространены прак- Тувы и Кош-Агачского в Республике Алтай до арк- тически во всех ландшафтных зонах — от аркти- тических тундр и пустынь на севере — от Поляр- ческих тундр до песчаных полупустынь, однако ного Урала до Чукотки, Якутии и Камчатки. В боль- наибольшего таксономического разнообразия эта шинстве типов этих ландшафтов пилюльщики группа достигает всё же в таёжных и тундровых присутствуют, включены в состав отдельных ло- ландшафтах, как зонального, так и высотного ха- кальных, зональных, высотно-поясных фаун. При- рактера формирования. Так, в аридных полупусты- сутствие видов с определёнными экологическими 438 С.Э. Чернышёв предпочтениями в изучаемых локалитетах позволя- сейск; B. pilula (L., 1758) — Оренбург, Томск, Забай- ет судить об условиях, складывающихся в данном калье, Приморск. (Камчатка, Амур, Южноуссу- ландшафте, даёт возможность описать характер рийск); B. subaeneus Reitter, 1896 — Иркутск. фауны. Это становится более важно в настоящее Porcinolus murinus (F., 1794) омечался в Сибири время, поскольку активно проводятся палеонтоло- для Томска и Иркутска. В роде Syncalypta Steph. гические исследования, а в субфоссилиях отложе- для территории Северной Азии были известны лишь ний четвертичного периода обнаруживается доволь- четыре вида, один из которых — ошибочно, при- но много останков пилюльщиков [Киселёв, 1974, чём первые три сейчас относятся к роду Curimopsis 1981; Кузьмина, 1989; Зиновьев, 2003, 2005, 2012; Ganglb., последний — к Chaetophora Kirby et Кузьмина, Мэтьюз, 2012]. Конечно же, реконстру- Spence: S. cyclolepidia Münst. (Иркут); S. paleata Er. ируемые фауны, а на их основе — ландшафты прош- (Южная Сибирь); S. setosa (Waltl, 1838) — Южноус- лых лет, как правило, не совпадают с границами сурийск (ошибочно); и S. spinosa (Rossi, 1794) для рецентных, поэтому интересно рассмотреть — како- Томска. Несмотря на некоторую поверхностность во же распространение пилюльщиков на террито- и компилятивность (Г.Г. Якобсон не был специа- рии и их распределение в ландшафтах в настоящее листом по этой группе и черпал информацию, боль- время, поскольку, имея представление о рецент- шей частью, из европейских каталогов и работ Dalla ных фаунах, вполне возможно рассмотреть тренды Torre [1911]), сводка представляет добротную ин- в их движении в сравнении с ископаемыми данны- формацию об основном составе северо-азиатской ми. Иными словами, рассмотреть генезис фауны в фауны пилюльщиков. пределах определённого промежутка времени. Уже много позднее Г. Паулюс [Paulus, 1970] Несмотря на пристальное внимание в последнее описал два новых вида: Syncalypta (Curimopsis) время к группе со стороны систематиков, экологов obenbergeri Paulus (Чита, Забайкалье), S. (C.) sibirica [Берман, Мордкович, 1979; Берман, Жигульская, Paulus (истоки реки Иркут). В 1987 году С.А. Кузь- 1989; Берман, 1990, 1992, 2001], палеонтологов мина и Б.А. Коротяев описали новый вид Morychus [Киселёв, 1974, 1981; Кузьмина, 1989; Berman, 1990; viridis Kuzm et Kor., 1987 из Северо-Востока Си- Зиновьев, Малозёмов, 2002; Зиновьев, 2003, 2005, бири, Магаданской области [Кузьмина, Коротяев, 2012; Зиновьев, Нестерков, 2003; Зиновьев, Ольш- 1987]. Вид был многочислен и хорошо отличался ванг, 2003; Kuzmina et al., 2008; Kiselev, Nazarov, от близкого распространённого в регионе, как тог- 2009; Berman et al., 2011; Кузьмина, Мэтьюз, 2012], да считалось, M. aeneus, почти лишёнными опуше- крупных региональных обзоров и сводок, практи- ния, с ярко-зелёным металлическим блеском над- чески не было сделано. крыльями с чёткой пунктировкой. Первые сведения о распространении семейства В 1989 году вышла замечательная глава по на территории азиатской части России были приве- Byrrhidae в Определителе насекомых Дальнего дены в крупнейшей сводке «Жуки России и Запад- Востока СССР, написанная Г.Ш. Лафером [1989]. ной Европы» Г.Г. Якобсона [1905–1915], где впер- Пожалуй, это была вторая после Якобсона, по Се- вые были обощены азиатские локалитеты для видов верной Азии, и первая — по Дальнему Востоку (по губернскому делению территорий, принятому сводка по Byrrhidae. Здесь были описаны новые в то время). Так, в роде Simplocaria были даны 6 для науки виды Simplocaria kurilensis Lafer, 1989, видов: S. basalis Sahlb., 1903 (Енисейск, Якутск, S. kamtshatensis Lafer, 1989, S. maritima Lafer, 1989, Забайкалье); S. obscuripes Poppius, 1904 (Якутск); Curimopsis ussuriensis Lafer, 1989. Конечно, в опре- S. macularis Reitter, 1896 (Якутск, Иркутск); S. metal- делителе присутствуют недостатки, например, нет lica (Sturm, 1807) (? Сибирь); S. elongata Sahlb., некоторых видов и родов (например, Exomella 1903 (Енисейск); S. nebulosa Poppius, 1904 (Якутск). sikhotealinensis Pütz et Lafer, 1995, Byrrhus sochon- В роде Morychus были указаны два вида из двух densis Tshernyshev, 1999, Morychus subparallelus подродов, собственно Morychus aeneus F. (причём Motschulsky, 1859, M. ostasiaticus Tshernyshev, был дан локалитет в Якутске, являющийся terra 1997), обнаруженных позднее, самостоятельность typica для считавшегося тогда синонимом M. sub- некоторых видов Simplocaria вызывает сомнение, parallelus Motsch., 1859), и M. (Arctobyrrhus) dov- есть ошибки среди некоторых приводимых видов, rensis (Münst., 1902) (Енисейск, Якутск, Забайкалье). например, Byrrhus ekashi Kôno, 1934 не встречает- Lamprobyrrhulus nitidus (Schaller, 1783) приводил- ся на Дальнем Востоке, а B. sachalinensis Matsumura, ся для Томска. Chrysobyrrhulus rutilans (Motsch., 1911 является младшим синонимом B. geminatus 1845), ныне отнесённый к Morychus, отмечался для LeConte, 1854 [Jaeger, Pütz, 2006]. Тем не менее, Алтая и Иркутска. В роде Cytilus Er. приводились эта работа — первая серьёзная сводка
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