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The Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrate Biodiversity of the Archipelagoes

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The Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrate Biodiversity of the Archipelagoes 1 The terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate biodiversity of the archipelagoes 2 of the Barents Sea; Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. 3 4 Coulson, S.J., Convey, P., Aakra, K., Aarvik, L., Ávila-Jiménez, M.L., Babenko, A., Biersma, 5 E., Boström, S., Brittain, J.E.., Carlsson, A., Christoffersen, K.S., De Smet, W.H., Ekrem, T., 6 Fjellberg, A., Füreder, L. Gustafsson, D., Gwiazdowicz, D.J., Hansen, L.O., Hullé, L., 7 Kaczmarek, L., Kolicka, M., Kuklin, V., Lakka, H-K., Lebedeva, N., Makarova, O., Maraldo, 8 K., Melekhina, E., Ødegaard, F., Pilskog, H.E., Simon, J.C., Sohlenius, B., Solhøy, T., Søli, G., 9 Stur, E., Tanasevitch, A., Taskaeva, A., Velle, G. and Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, K.M. 10 11 *Stephen J. Coulson, 27 U.K. 12 Department of Arctic Biology, 28 [email protected] 13 University Centre in Svalbard, 29 14 P.O. Box 156, 30 Kjetil Aakra, 15 9171 Longyearbyen, 31 Midt-Troms Museum, 16 Svalbard, 32 Pb. 1080, 17 Norway. 33 Meieriveien 11, 18 [email protected] 34 9050 Storsteinnes, 19 +47 79 02 33 34 35 Norway. 20 36 [email protected] 21 Peter Convey, 37 22 British Antarctic Survey, 38 Leif Aarvik, 23 High Cross, 39 University of Oslo, 24 Madingley Road 40 Natural History Museum, 25 Cambridge, 41 Department of Zoology, 26 CB3 OET, 1 42 P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, 68 Cambridge, 43 NO-0318 Oslo, 69 CB3 OET, 44 Norway. 70 U.K. 45 [email protected] 71 [email protected] 46 72 47 María Luisa Ávila-Jiménez, 73 Sven Boström, 48 Department of Arctic Biology, 74 Swedish Museum of Natural History, 49 University Centre in Svalbard, 75 P.O. Box 50007, 50 P.O. Box 156, 76 SE-104 05 Stockholm, 51 9171 Longyearbyen, 77 Sweden. 52 Svalbard, 78 [email protected] 53 Norway. 79 54 [email protected] 80 John E. Brittain, 55 81 Natural History Museum, 56 Anatoly Babenko, 82 University of Oslo, 57 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 83 P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, 58 Russian Academy of Sciences, 84 0318 Oslo, 59 Leninski pr., 33, 85 Norway. 60 Moscow 119071, 86 [email protected] 61 Russia. 87 62 [email protected] 88 Anja M. Carlsson, 63 89 Lancaster Environment Centre, 64 Elisabeth M. Biersma, 90 Lancaster University, 65 British Antarctic Survey, 91 Lancaster, LA1 4YQ. 66 High Cross, 92 U.K. 67 Madingley Road 93 [email protected] 2 94 120 Mageroveien 168, 95 Kirsten Christoffersen, 121 3145 Tjøme, 96 Freshwater Biological Laboratory, 122 Norway. 97 Biological Institute, 123 [email protected] 98 University of Copenhagen, 124 99 Helsingørsgade, 51, 125 Leopold Füreder, 100 3400 Hillerød, 126 Faculty for Biology, 101 Denmark. 127 Technikerstraße 15, 102 [email protected] 128 Universität Innsbruck, 103 129 Innrain, 52, 104 Willem H. De Smet, 130 A-6020 Innsbruck, 105 University of Antwerp, 131 Austria. 106 Campus Drei Eiken, 132 [email protected] 107 ECOBE Department of Biology, 133 108 Universiteitsplein 1, 134 Daniel Gustafsson, 109 B-2610 Wilrijk, 135 Department of Biology, 110 Belgium. 136 University of Utah, 111 [email protected] 137 257 South 1400 East, 112 138 Salt Lake City, UT 84112, 113 Torbjørn Ekrem, 139 USA. 114 Department of Natural History, 140 [email protected] 115 NTNU University Museum, 141 116 NO-7491 Trondheim, 142 Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz, 117 Norway [email protected] 143 Poznan University of Life Sciences, 118 144 Department of Forest Protection, 119 Arne Fjellberg, 145 Wojska Polskiego 71, 3 146 60-625 Poznań, 172 Adam Mickiewicz University, 147 Poland. 173 Umultowska 89, 148 [email protected] 174 61-614 Poznan, 149 175 Poland. 150 Lars Ove Hansen, 176 [email protected] 151 University of Oslo, 177 152 Natural History Museum, 178 Vadim Kuklin, 153 Department of Zoology, 179 Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, 154 P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, 180 Russian Academy of Sciences, 155 NO-0318 Oslo, 181 Vladimirskaya St. 17, 156 Norway. 182 183010 Murmansk , 157 [email protected] 183 Russia. 158 184 [email protected] 159 Maurice Hullé, 185 160 UMR 1349 INRA/Agrocampus 186 Małgorzata Kolicka, 161 Ouest/Université Rennes ,1 187 Department of Animal Taxonomy and 162 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et 188 Ecology, 163 Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), 189 Adam Mickiewicz University, 164 Domaine de la Motte,– 190 Umultowska 89, 165 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, 191 61-614 Poznan, 166 France. 192 Poland. 167 [email protected] 193 [email protected] 168 194 169 Łukasz Kaczmarek, 195 Hanna-Kaisa Lakka, 170 Department of Animal Taxonomy and 196 Department of Environmental Sciences 171 Ecology, 197 University of Helsinki, 4 198 Niemenkatu 73, 224 Blichers Allé, 199 15140 Lahti, 225 DK-8230 Tjele, 200 Finland. 226 Denmark. 201 [email protected] 227 [email protected] 202 228 203 Natalia V. Lebedeva, 229 Elena Melekhina, 204 Southern Scientific Centre, 230 Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific 205 Russian Academy of Sciences and Azov 231 Centre of the Ural 206 Branch Kola Scientific Centre, 232 Branch of the Russian Academy of 207 Russian Academy of Sciences, 233 Sciences, 208 Chekhova 41, 234 Kommunisticheskaja, 28, 209 Rostov-on-Don, 235 Syktyvkar, 210 344006 Russia. 236 Russia. 211 [email protected] 237 [email protected] 212 238 213 Olga Makarova, 239 Frode Ødegaard 214 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 240 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 215 Russian Academy of Sciences, 241 P.O.Box 5685 Sluppen, 216 Leninski pr., 33, 242 NO-7485 Trondheim, 217 Moscow 119071, 243 Norway. 218 Russia. 244 [email protected] 219 [email protected] 245 220 246 Hanne E. Pilskog, 221 Kristine Maraldo, 247 Department of Ecology and Natural 222 Aarhus University, 248 Resource Management, 223 Department of Agroecology, 249 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 5 250 P.O.Box 5003, 276 Norway. 251 NO-1432 Aas, 277 [email protected] 252 Norway. 278 253 [email protected] 279 Torstein Solhøy, 254 280 EECRG, 255 Jean-Christophe Simon, 281 Institute for Biology, 256 UMR 1349 INRA/Agrocampus, 282 Universitety of Bergen, 257 Ouest/Université Rennes 1, 283 P.O. Box 7820, 258 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et 284 N-5020 Bergen, 259 Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), 285 Norway. 260 Domaine de la Motte, 286 [email protected] 261 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, 287 262 France. 288 Geir Søli, 263 [email protected] 289 University of Oslo, 264 290 Natural History Museum, 265 Björn Sohlenius, 291 Department of Zoology, 266 Swedish Museum of Natural History, 292 P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, 267 P.O.Box 50007, 293 NO-0318 Oslo, 268 104 05 Stockholm, 294 Norway. 269 Sweden. 295 [email protected] 270 [email protected] 296 271 297 Andrei Tanasevitch 272 Elisabeth Stur, 298 Centre for Forest Ecology and Production, 273 Department of Natural History, 299 Russian Academy of Sciences, 274 NTNU University Museum, 300 Profsoyuznaya Str., 84/32, 275 NO-7491 Trondheim, 301 Moscow 117997, 6 302 Russia. 317 Uni Research, 303 [email protected] 318 Thormøhlensgate 49b, 304 319 5006 Bergen, 305 Anastasia Taskaeva, 320 Norway. 306 Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific 321 [email protected] 307 Centre of the Ural 322 308 Branch of the Russian Academy of 323 Katarzyna M. Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, 309 Sciences, 324 Department of Vertebrate Ecology and 310 Kommunisticheskaja, 28, 325 Zoology, 311 Syktyvkar, 326 University of Gdańsk, 312 Russia. 327 Wita Stwosza 59, 313 [email protected] 328 80-308 Gdańsk, 314 329 Poland. 315 Gaute Velle, 330 [email protected] 316 Uni Environment, 331 332 *corresponding author. S.J. Coulson 7 333 334 Abstract 335 Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are generally considered to be species poor, fragile and often 336 isolated. Nonetheless, their intricate complexity, especially that of the invertebrate 337 component, is beginning to emerge. Attention has become focused on the Arctic both due to 338 the importance of this rapidly changing region in the Earth System and also the inherent 339 interest of an extreme and unique environment. The three archipelagoes considered here, 340 Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, delineate the Barents Sea to the west, north 341 and east. This is a region of convergence for Palearctic and Nearctic faunas re-colonising the 342 Arctic following the retreat of ice after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Despite the harsh 343 Arctic environment and the short period since deglaciation, the archipelagoes of the Barents 344 Sea are inhabited by diverse invertebrate communities. There is an obvious imbalance in our 345 understanding of the biodiversity of each archipelago, and in our knowledge of many taxa. 346 Research effort in Svalbard is increasing rapidly while there are still few reports, particularly 347 in the western literature, from Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Nevertheless, there 348 appears to be a surprising degree of dissimilarity between the invertebrate faunas, possibly 349 reflecting colonization history. We provide a baseline synthesis of the terrestrial and 350 freshwater invertebrate fauna of the Barents Sea archipelagoes, highlight the taxa present, the 351 characteristic elements of fauna and the complexity of biogeography. In doing so, we provide 352 a background from which to assess responses to environmental change for a region under 353 increasing international attention from scientific, industrial and political communities as well 354 as non-governmental organizations and the general public. 355 356 Key words. 8 357 Novaja Zemlja; Frans Josef Land; Spitsbergen; Spitzbergen; biodiversity; colonization; 358 isolation; High Arctic. 359 9 360 1. Introduction 361 362 Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are often considered to be species poor and fragile.
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