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Ml 4H K)6 18 BF'DFORD ROW, LONDON WC 1 R 4 1 .1. I. NOLAND 3 00168 1 ALCOTT, POUNFM H t i l> H A D A H WUMhN A 1 THL i.HK’i S T A T F UNIVtkSITY IN THE FIRST FliUA DFCADFS, 3o7S-I91P . THE DHM ST ML U'UV'.RSIIV, Ph.D., 19 79 COP*. 1*79 LCftTT, -PUVtH Ml)GHADAM University Microfilms IntematiomJ won ^ uhuao annabbqh .mi <bio6 Copyright by Pouneh Moghadam Alcott 1979 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed 1n the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been Identified here with a check mark ^ . 1. Glossy photographs 2. Colored Illustrations _________ 3. Photographs with dark background ^ 4. Illustrations are poor copy _ _ 5. Print shows through as there 1s text on both sides of page 6. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ^ throughoi 7. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine 8. Computer printout pages with Indistinct print __ 9. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author ________ 10. Page(s) _ seem to be missing 1n numbering only as text follows ________ 11. Poor carbon copy _ 12. Not original copy, several pages with blurred type________ 13. Appendix pages are poor copy 14. Original copy with light type _ 15. Curling and wrinkled pages _ _ _ 16. Other ___ University: Micrdrilms international 300 N ZEES HD.. ANN ARBOR Mi *8106 '3131 761*4700 WOMEN AT THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE FIRST FOUR DECADES 1873-1912 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Pouneh Moghadam Alcott, B.S., M,A. ******** The Ohio State University 1979 Reading Committee: Approved by Dr. Robert B. Sutton Dr. Robert E. Jewett Dr. Bernard Mehl Advisor College of Education Nezi, Bill, Michqua Fardean, and Daunesh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For years of encouragement of my academic pursuit/ I am deeply indebted to my graduate advisor, Dr. Robert B. Sutton. His indispensible guidance, assistance, and direc­ tion was instrumental in formulating and carrying out this research. The assistance of the reading committee, Dr. Robert E. Jewett and Dr. Bernard Mehl is also gratefully acknowledged. The majority of this study was conducted at the Ohio State University Archives. Grateful appreciation is extended to Mrs. Dorothy Ross who provided much guidance in the search for primary source materials at the Archives. I am also indebted to Miss Ruth Jones for her valuable assistance in my work dealing with the photo Archives. Special thanks to Mrs. Manijeh Firouzian and Mrs. Charles Ott who so patiently and efficiently typed the final copy of this dissertation. My deepest gratitude is extended to Mrs. Martha Scott whose contributions not only improved the quality of this research but the growth of the researcher. Finally, I give my most sincere thanks to my mother, my husband, and my children, for their enduring patience, support and understanding - not just during this specific work, but always. They must all surely know how much I love and appreciate them. iii VITA September 21, 1940. Born - Tehran, Iran 1963....................... B.S., Social Studies Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1963....................... Branch Librarian, Columbus Public Libraries, Columbus, Ohio 1963-1969 ................ Teacher, social studies, Colum­ bus Public Schools, Columbus, Ohio and Hillsborough County Public Schools, Tampa, Flordia 196 8 ....................... M.A., Foundations of Education, The Ohio State University 1969 (Six Months) .... Assistant Professor, Founda­ tions of Education, Pars College, Tehran, Iran 1968-1978 ................ In various quarters, Graduate Teaching Associate, history of education and comparative education; research fellow, Center for Medieval and Renais­ sance Studies; instructor or lecturer, international studies and Persian graduate research associate, Curriculum studies, The Ohio State Universi ty 1972-1977(Part-time). Director of Fashion Merchan­ dising Department, Bliss College, Columbus, Ohio 1976- .................... Founder and director, Learning Unlimited, preschool, elemen­ tary and middle school, Colum­ bus, Ohio iv FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Education Studies in History of Education and Comparative Education. Professor Robert B. Sutton Studies in Social Studies Education. Professor Robert E. Jewett Studies in Philosophy of Education. Professor Everett J- Kircher Studies in History of the Middle East. Professors Sidney N. Fisher and Marilyn R. Waldman Sydney v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................... iii VITA .................................................. iv Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ................................. 1 Nature of the S t u d y ..........................10 II. ACADEMIC STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE EARLY YEARS 14 Suitable Instruction for Women 22 III. EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN STUDENTS ..... 38 Literary Societies ......................... 42 IV. NEW OPPORTUNITIES UNDER PRESIDENT CANFIELD . 76 V. THE CONTINUING STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION AND ACCEPTANCE ................................ 106 VI. TO HAVE A DEAN OF WOMEN OR--- THAT IS THE QUESTION! ...................................... 142 VII. CONCLUSION ..................................... 16 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................ 170 APPENDICES A. STATISTICS REGARDING ENROLLMENT AND VARIOUS DEGREES OBTAINED BY MEN AND WOMEN,1873—1912 17 5 B. LETTERS,DOCUMENTS, CIRCULARS, AND OTHER DATA REGARDING WOMEN STUDENTS AT THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1873-1912 ................ 182 C. SKETCHES AND LITERATURE TAKEN FROM THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY YEAR BOOK, THE MAKIO, 1880-1901.................................... 206 vi Page D. PHOTOGRAPHS OF COEDS IN EDUCATIONAL AND RECREATIONAL SETTINGS, 1878-1902 . 220 E. CALENDAR OF THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1862-1912 .............................. 228 vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION An Act of Congress, later called the Morrill Act, signed by President Lincoln on July 2, 1862, provided fed­ eral grants of land to each state as a permanent endowment to establish and maintain the so-called land grant colleges and universities, which were to be devoted primarily to instruction in the sciences related to agriculture and the mechanic arts and were to be open to the masses. In March 22, 1970, after several years of delay due to much political infighting and interest-group rivalry, the Ohio General Assembly passed an Act, later called the Charter Act of the College, which provided for "A college to be styled the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. The leading object shall be, without excluding military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agricultural and mechanical art.The government of the college was vested in a Board of Trustees, whose mem­ bers were to be appointed by the Governor, subject to con­ firmation by the Ohio Senate. In May, 1878, after the A. and M. College had been opened and following a long period of somewhat bitter public controversy over the issue of the title for the university, the General Assembly finally 1 2 changed the name to the present one. The new title, The Ohio State University, was decided to be more representa­ tive of the aims and the curriculum offered than the pre­ vious title which had caused the college to be nicknamed by some of her critics "the Cow College in the Cornfield." The major cause of delay in the passage of Charter Act had been the conflict between the agricultural interests of rural areas and the mechanical and industrial interests of emerging urban centers. There was, however,