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Farmers, Alumni, and Administration at the Ohio State University

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Farmers, Alumni, and Administration at the Ohio State University Rivals for Governance of the Land-Grant University: Farmers, Alumni, and Administration at the Ohio State University, 1870-1910 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joshua Michael Harraman Graduate Program in Education: Educational Policy and Leadership The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee Bruce Kimball, Advisor David Staley Tatiana Suspitsyna Bryan Warnick 1 Copyrighted by Joshua Michael Harraman 2019 2 Abstract Many believe that farmers were originally supportive of the land-grant colleges because of the focus on agricultural science as part of the land-grant curriculum. Although land-grant colleges and farmers are generally aligned in their interests and efforts today, the farmers of the 1850s-early 1900s actually challenged the land-grant colleges for control of governance and funding. Often these challenges occurred between farmers and colleges in Congress and state legislatures. Meanwhile, the alumni were a disorganized group prior to the 1910s that often challenged the university administration’s authority and control of the college. Yet, in order to compete with the farmers, the land-grant colleges needed to identify a group of advocates who would lobby legislatures on the land-grant colleges behalf. My research focuses on how one institution, the Ohio State University, used its alumni to parry the attacks of farmers in the early 1910s. Research has been limited on the relationship between the land-grant universities’ administration, farmers, and the alumni. Even more limited is the literature that exists about alumni relations during the formative years of the profession (1890-1920). My research identifies how the Ohio State University established authority over the disparate alumni groups in order to use the alumni as advocates in Congress and the state legislature to combat the farmers. iii Dedication I would not have been able to write this dissertation without the constant support of my husband Cody. You have been a constant support for me and were always driving me to commit the time that this work deserved. Thank you to you and the pups for always being so understanding and supportive. I cannot express my gratitude enough and am so grateful to have you in my life. iv Acknowledgments For my family, thank you for always encouraging me to be involved and to focus on my education. You have set an incredible example and I will always strive to make you proud. And to the friends who got me through this, thank you. You were there to provide much needed encouragement at each step of this process. I knew I could always rely on you to help me refocus my energy and prioritize what needed to get done. I am so grateful that 4-H brought us together and introduced me to new friends as part of our journey together. Thank you especially to Sarah and Jess who were my beacons along the way. You guided me in ways I did not even know that I needed and I really could not have done this without you. I would also like to thank my supervisors and teams at the Ohio State University and Rutgers University, especially Kathy Bickel, Chad Warren, and Donna Thornton, for their support to conduct research and write during some very busy times of the year. You have all taught me so much about being a professional in our field and have been exceptional supervisors. Finally, thank you to my advisor Bruce Kimball for pushing me to be a better scholar and writer. You have always been incredibly supportive and I am so thankful that I had you to guide me through this process. v Vita 2000 Howland High School 2004 B.A. History, The Ohio State University 2006 M.A. College Student Personnel, Bowling Green State University 2006-2007 Program Coordinator, Student Involvement and Activities, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2007-2011 Director, Student Programs, The Ohio State University Alumni Association, Inc. 2011-2014 Director, Student and Young Alumni Programs, The Ohio State University Alumni Association, Inc. 2014-2015 Director, Alumni and Constituent Engagement, The Ohio State University Alumni Association, Inc. 2015-2017 Senior Director, Alumni and Constituent Engagement, The Ohio State University Alumni Association, Inc. 2017-present Associate Vice President, Alumni Relations, Rutgers University vi Publications Harraman, Josh, and Carol Beirne. “Competing to Win: Partnering with Athletics to Engage Your Students.” In Lasting Impressions: Laying the Foundation for Engaged and Philanthropic Future Alumni, 125–29. Washington, D.C.: Council for the Advancement and Support of Education, 2016. Fields of Study Major Field: Education: Educational Policy and Leadership vii Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita ..................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Populism and Agrarianism During the Gilded Age: the Nation and Ohio, 1870-1910 ......................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 3: The Land-grant Movement and the Emergence of the Ohio State University, 1870-1900 ........................................................................................................................ 60 Chapter 4: Rivalry between Farmers and the OSU Administration, 1870-1910 ............ 116 Chapter 5: Rivalry between Alumni and OSU Administration, 1870-1902 ................... 161 Chapter 6: Resolution of the Competition among Farmers, Alumni, and OSU Administration, 1905-1910 ............................................................................................. 226 Chapter 7: Conclusion..................................................................................................... 303 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 314 Appendix A. Annie Sabine Siebert’s Address to the Alumni at the Alumni Dinner...... 329 1900-1901 ....................................................................................................................... 329 viii List of Tables Table 1: Timeline of federal legislation that supported the land-grant colleges ............... 67 Table 2: Student Enrollment and State Funding at the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, 1871-1891 ......................................................................................................... 109 Table 3: Annual Number of Students and Graduates, Ohio State University from 1873 to 1891................................................................................................................................. 189 Table 4: Income of the Ohio State University from 1900-1902 ..................................... 250 Table 5: Information about the Ohio State University v. other school support and enrollment ....................................................................................................................... 254 ix List of Figures Figure 1: United States Population from 1790 to 1920 .................................................... 17 Figure 2: Farmers’ Exchange ad from The Princeton Union ........................................... 47 Figure 3: Ralph D. Mershon’s Scheme for University Organization ............................. 297 Figure 4: United States Population compared to the Farm Population (1900-1950) ...... 312 x Rivals for Governance of the Land-Grant University: Farmers, Alumni, and Administration at Ohio State University, 1870-1910 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Farmers, alumni, and the university administration would presumably be allies in forming land-grant universities. However, the experience at the Ohio State University (OSU), as at other land-grant universities, reveals early uncertainty and conflicts about who should govern the university. Farmers, alumni, and the administration competed for control during the formative era of OSU. Between about 1870 and 1900, Ohio farmers and alumni challenged the authority of the administration. Then, between 1900-1912, the administration established its control over university governance by organizing and assimilating the alumni association and utilizing alumni to parry the farmers. It is necessary to explore the farmer experience during this time, to review the institution’s history and the land grant movement, and to evaluate the relationship of Ohio State alumni with their alma mater in order to understand the tension between these competing parties and how the university administration eventually resolved the tension. In order to understand why farmers were opposed to the land-grant college in Ohio, it is important to understand
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