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A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa
A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa Radio is by far the dominant and most important mass medium in Africa. Its flexibility, low cost, and oral character meet Africa's situation very well. Yet radio is less developed in Africa than it is anywhere else. There are relatively few radio stations in each of Africa's 53 nations and fewer radio sets per head of population than anywhere else in the world. Radio remains the top medium in terms of the number of people that it reaches. Even though television has shown considerable growth (especially in the 1990s) and despite a widespread liberalization of the press over the same period, radio still outstrips both television and the press in reaching most people on the continent. The main exceptions to this ate in the far south, in South Africa, where television and the press are both very strong, and in the Arab north, where television is now the dominant medium. South of the Sahara and north of the Limpopo River, radio remains dominant at the start of the 21St century. The internet is developing fast, mainly in urban areas, but its growth is slowed considerably by the very low level of development of telephone systems. There is much variation between African countries in access to and use of radio. The weekly reach of radio ranges from about 50 percent of adults in the poorer countries to virtually everyone in the more developed ones. But even in some poor countries the reach of radio can be very high. In Tanzania, for example, nearly nine out of ten adults listen to radio in an average week. -
Analogue & Digital Radio Worldwide
Analogue & Digital Radio Worldwide MASS COMMUNICATION VIA SHORTWAVE HAS UNIQUE ADVANTAGES EVEN IN THE INTERNET AGE Global radio transmission via shortwave How it works Advantages of Shortwave Radio Simple, non-discriminatory reception Shortwave radio is radio transmission › Analogue or digital radio with of information on portable end user using shortwave radio frequencies, gen- one transmitter around the globe devices, independently from network erally 3.9–26.1 MHz (75–11 meter-band), › Audio transmission and data- providers and technical infrastructure: just above the medium-wave AM broad- transfer are possible These are the unique features which cast band. Shortwaves are directed at continue to make shortwave an impor- an angle into the sky can › Flexible transmission booking tant form of mass media. Therefore be reflected back to earth at great (daily, weekly, monthly or on- shortwave is an important platform for distances, beyond the horizon. Short- demand) public and commercial radio broad- wave radio is usually used for broad- › Reach thousands of people with casters as well as political and religious casting voice and music to shortwave one transmitter organisations to distribute their pro- listeners over entire continents or even grammes. larger areas. › Signals are hardly to disturb compared to Internet or satellite IONOSPHERE › Easy to receive with low-cost receivers SKYWAVE TRANSMITTER RECEIVER Shortwave stations of our partner service providers around the globe From Germany to the whole world › For providers of radio programmes intended for reception around the globe, Media Broadcast offers comprehensive consulting services and customised solutions for broadcasting signals via shortwave. We offer all required services- from one source, from IT-supported calculation of the desired transmission parameters and coordination of the suitable frequencies to technical broadcasting of the signals via our shortwave station in Nauen near Berlin. -
Proposed Changes to the Morse Code (CW) ) RM-10784, Proficiency Requirement for Operator ) RM-10785, Access to the Amateur Radio Bands ) RM-10786, and Below 30 Mhz
Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, DC 20554 ) In the Matter of ) RM-10781, ) RM-10782, The Amateur Radio Service: ) RM-10783, Proposed Changes to the Morse Code (CW) ) RM-10784, Proficiency Requirement for Operator ) RM-10785, Access to the Amateur Radio Bands ) RM-10786, and Below 30 MHz. ) RM-10787 ) COMMENTS TO PETITIONS FOR RULEMAKING GREETINGS: INTRODUCTION As all parties concerned are no doubt aware, the Morse code telegraphy proficiency requirement for Amateur Radio Service operators has been eliminated from the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Radio Regulations. This change was effected on 5 July 2003 at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2003 (WRC-03), Geneva, by revising Article 25.5 §3 1 of these regulations. The revised Article 25.5 now gives the administrations of individual member nations, such as the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission), discretion to “…determine whether or not a person seeking a license to operate an amateur station shall demonstrate the ability to send and receive texts in Morse code signals.” Previously, knowledge of or demonstration of Morse code proficiency had been required by ITU regulation for amateur radio operation on all frequencies below 30 MHz. These 1 Dixon Comments frequencies include all of the amateur High Frequency (HF or shortwave) bands, and the one amateur Medium Frequency (MF or medium-wave) band. Note: For purposes of this document, references henceforth to “HF” or “High Frequency” or “shortwave” shall be deemed to include MF or Medium Frequency or medium-wave, as well. This is in fact colloquial nomenclature among amateur radio operators. The various petitions for rulemaking captioned above seek various degrees of relief from the somewhat burdensome requirement for US-licensed Amateur Radio Service operators (amateurs), presently needed to access the very popular and preferential international High Frequency amateur radio bands. -
Digitalization of Radio Through DRM Standard on Mediumwave And
ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 9, March 2014 Digitalization of Radio through DRM Standard on Mediumwave and Shortwave Branimir Jaksic, Mile Petrovic, Petar Spalevic, Ratko Ivkovic, Sinisa Minic University of Prishtina, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia University of Prishtina, Teachers College, Leposavic, Serbia areas where analog technology AM (amplitude modulation) Abstract— this paper work offers an overview of DRM was used. It is planned that AM should be replaced with standards used in digitization of radio on medium and short waves digital technology which is similar to technologies DAB and in the world. Firstly, it provides the raw characteristics of DRM DVB-T (all of these listed technologies use OFDM technology and its working principle, with a special focus on audio coding. After that, the state of DRM transmissions in modulation) [3]. The primary purpose of DRM technology is February 2014 is given. Also it gives an summary of radio stations for transfer of the audio content. With this basic purpose, which broadcast the program using DRM technology (country DRM also supports the transfer of some multimedia content and language transmission). Broadcasting areas of radio stations with lower transmission capacity: are also provided, as well as the number of active DRM - DRM text messages; frequencies by regions of the world, for each radio station - EPG (Electronic Program Guide); separately. Then, a map of DRM transmitters in the world is - Information text services (Journaline text based shown, with their main characteristics. information service); - Transmission frames (Slideshow); Index Terms—DRM, frequencie, radio channel, transmitters. -
Implementation Considerations for the Introduction and Transition to Digital Terrestrial Sound and Multimedia Broadcasting
Report ITU-R BS.2384-0 (07/2015) Implementation considerations for the introduction and transition to digital terrestrial sound and multimedia broadcasting BS Series Broadcasting service (sound) ii Rep. ITU-R BS.2384-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. -
Portable Shortwave Receivers
Portable Shortwave Receivers ● Longwave, AM, FM and Shortwave ELITE SATELLIT ● VHF Air Band ● HD Radio Reception ● RDS Display ● Superior Sensitivity and Selectivity ● Dual Conversion Design ● Huge 5.7 Inch Backlit Display ● Drift-free Digital Phase Lock Loop ● Direct Frequency and Band Entry ● Single Sideband Synchronous Detector ● Selectable Bandwidths ● High Dynamic Range ● Dual Programmable Clocks ● Dual Event Programmable Timers ● Stereo Line Level Input ● Stereo Line Level Output ● Earphone Jack ● Separate Bass and Treble Controls ● Adjustable AGC: Fast or Slow ● Telescopic Antenna AM/FM/SW ● Battery (4xD) or Included AC Adapter ● Scan and Search ● 1700 Total Memories (500 alphanumeric) ● Deluxe Carry Bag The Elite Satellit is simply the finest full-sized portable in the world. The Elite Satellit is an elegant confluence of performance, features and capabilities. The look, feel and finish of this radio is superb. The solid, quality feel is second to none. The digitally synthesized, dual conversion shortwave tuner covers all long wave, mediums wave (AM) and shortwave frequencies. HD Radio improves audio fidelity and adds additional programming without a subscription fee. Adjacent frequency interference can be minimized or eliminated with a choice of three bandwidths [7.0, 4.0, 2.5 kHz]. The sideband selectable Synchronous AM Detector further minimizes adjacent frequency interference and reduces fading distortion of AM signals. IF Passband Tuning is yet another advanced feature that functions in AM and SSB modes to reject interference. AGC is selectable at fast or slow. High dynamic range permits the detection of weak signals in the presence of strong signals. All this coupled with great sensitivity will bring in stations from every part of the globe. -
World Receiver Yacht Boy 400 Pe Important Notice
WORLD RECEIVER YACHT BOY 400 PE IMPORTANT NOTICE NEED HELP? QUICK SETUP CALL OUR SHORTWAVE HOTLINE (But please read the rest of the manual later!) 1. Insert batteries or connect the included AC adaptor. If, after reading this owner’s manual, you need help learning to operate your YACHT BOY 400 PROFESSIONAL EDITION, call us toll free, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 2. Set the DX/LOCAL switch to DX (left side of radio). PST at: 1-800-872-2228 from the U.S. 3. Turn the SSB switch OFF (right side of radio). 1-800-637-1648 from Canada OWNER’S RECORD 4. Fully extend the telescopic antenna. This model is the GRUNDIG YACHT BOY 400 PROFES- 5. With the radio off, press and release the AM button once. SIONAL EDITION, herin after referred to as the YB400PE. The serial number is located on the sticker inside the battery compartment. Refer to this number whenever you call GRUNDIG 6. Immediately press and release the STEP button. regarding this product. “10KHz” now appears in the right side of the display, and will disappear in a few seconds. (See page 4 for more information about this procedure. 7. Turn the radio on by pressing the ON/OFF button. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT PAGE GRUNDIG TOLL-FREE PHONE NUMBER………………………………………………………….............................. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….……………………............................ 2 YOUR RADIO AT-A-GLANCE………………………………………………….……………………............................. 3 INITIAL SETUP…………………………………………………………………..……………………............................ 4 SUPPLYING POWER…………………………………………………………….……………………............................ 5 GENERAL RADIO OPERATION………………………………………………..……………………............................. 6-8 SHORTWAVE RADIO OPERATION…………………………………………...……………………............................... 9-10 STORING STATIONS INTO MEMORY………………………………………..…………………….............................. 11-12 USING CLOCK, ALARM, AND SLEEP TIMER FEATURES..............................……………………............................ -
Shortwave-Listening
Listen to global news in the making! Monitor transmissions from Voice of America. Radio Canada, Radio Netherlands. Radio Moscow and many others. Learn how radio waves tra- vel. Get information on popular shortwave bands and licensing for a Itypes of equipment. Radio Listener's Guide by William Barden, Jr. Radio Shack A Division of Tandy Corporation First Edition First Printing-1987 Copyright01987 by William Barden Jr., Inc. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. Reproduction or use, without express permission, of editorial or pictorial content, in any manner, is prohibited. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: XX-XXXXX Radio Listener's Guide T Table of Contents Section I World of the BBC, Radio Moscow, Police Calls, Aircraft Communications, and Hams Chapter 1. Radio—What Is It' Generating Radio Waves—The Radio Spectrum—Radio Equipment and Frequencies—Band Use—How Radio Waves Travel—Radio Licenses and Listening—Subbands and Channels—Radio Equipment Chapter 2. Types of Broadcasting Voice Communication—Code Transmission—Teleprinter Transmission— Facsimile Transmission—Slow-Scan Television—Fast-Scan Television — Repeaters— Portable Phones—Satellite Reception—Transmitting Power Chapter 3. Shortwave Broadcasters Frequency Assignments—The European Long-Wave Band—The AM Broadcast Band—Tropical Broadcasting-49- and 41-Meter Bands-31- and 25-Meter Bands—Above the 25-Meter Band—A Typical Listening Session—Logging Foreign Stations—Foreign Broadcast lnformation—QSL Cards Chapter 4. Other Types of Broadcasting in the Lower Frequencies Transmissions Below the AM Broadcast Band—The AM Broadcast Band— Portable Phones—Marine Transmissions—CW Transmissions—Radio Teleprinter—Single Sideband—Time and Frequency Signals—Weather Maps by Facsimile—Citizen's Band Frequencies—The Russian Woodpecker—Pirate and Clandestine Stations Chapter 5. -
Airspy HF+ Discovery: It's a Whole New World of Radio
5HFHSWLRQRQORQJZDYHDQGPHGLXPZDYHIURPFHQWUDO(XURSHXVLQJWKH+)LVFRYHUSURWRWSHRXUWHV)HQX5DGLR 7605HYLHZV $LU6S+)LVFRYHU ,WVD:KROH1HZ:RUOGRI5DGLR /DUU9DQ+RUQ1)3:DQGDOH9DQ+RUQ:9+ ymottohasalwaysbeen:“Givemeashortwave gainsatyourlocalhamfesteamarketorjunkinthetrunk. radioandIcanmonitortheworld.”Buttheworld Itwaseventhehumbletransistorthatlaunchedthepub- 0ofshortwaveradiosisnotthesameonethatIstart- licsafetyscannermarket.Theystartedoutastunableanalog edwithinthehobbymanyyearsago. dialradios,thenmigratedtocrystal-controlledradios.With 7RUORUDRUFUVDWVDVVRFDWOFWUR- theinventionofintegratedcircuit(IC)chips,therevolution- icshasundergonequiteanevolutionoverthelast130years aryphaselockedloop(PLL)circuitwasbornthatpropelled orsothattheyhavebeenaround.Astechnologyhasad- thescannerindustrytoproducethehightechnologypro- vanced,sohasthecapability,spectrumcoverage,andutility grammablescannersweusetoday. ofthereceiversthatweuseinourradiomonitoringhobby. Itistheintegratedcircuitthathascreatedthepersonal 7DUWDORRWXEUDRVUVWDUWD computer/smartdevicesboom,amarketplacethatcontinues inthelate1950sandearly1960swiththeintroductionofra- evolveevenasthispieceisbeingwritten. diocircuitsthatusedtinychipsofgermaniumknownastran- sistors.Duetotemperatureconcerns,germaniumwassoon 6KKK,WV$OO$ERXWWKH65V replacedbysilicon-basedtransistors.Consequently,most majorradiomanufacturersstartedproducingtransistor-based OWWUWDOUDRDVEDURXVFW receiverdesignsthatdidn’tneedatubecheckeranymore. V8RUWFUFOVWDVWXWOWDWW Mostradioold-timers(includingtheauthors)stillhave termsoftwareradiorstsurfaced.Atrst,manyold-timers -
British DX Club
British DX Club Africa on Mediumwave and Shortwave Guide to radio stations in Africa broadcasting on mediumwave and shortwave September 2021 featuring schedules for the A21 season Africa on Mediumwave and Shortwave This guide covers mediumwave and shortwave broadcasting in Africa, as well as target broadcasts to Africa. Contents 2-36 Country-order guide to mediumwave and shortwave stations in Africa 37-40 Selected target broadcasts to Africa 41-46 Frequency-order guide to African radio stations on mediumwave Descriptions used in this guide have been taken from radio station websites and Wikipedia. This guide was last revised on 14 September 2021 The very latest edition can always be found at www.dxguides.info Compiled and edited by Tony Rogers Please send updates to: [email protected] or [email protected]. Thank you! Algeria Enterprise Nationale de Radiodiffusion Sonore The Entreprise Nationale de Radiodiffusion Sonore (ENRS, the National Sound Broadcasting Company, Algerian Radio, or Radio Algérienne) is Algeria's state-owned public radio broadcasting organisation. Formed in 1986 when the previous Algerian Radio and Television company (established in 1962) was split into four enterprises, it produces three national radio channels: Chaîne 1 in Arabic, Chaîne 2 in Berber and Chaîne 3 in French. There are also two thematic channels (Radio Culture and Radio Coran), one international station (Radio Algérie Internationale broadcasting on shortwave) and many local stations. The official languages of Algeria are Arabic and Tamazight (Berber), as specified in its constitution since 1963 for the former and since 2016 for the latter. Berber has been recognised as a "national language" by constitutional amendment since 8 May 2002. -
Grundig S800
FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION (See page 12) LCD DISPLAY DESCRIPTION (See page 14) REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION (See Paee 15) 3 SPECIFICATIONS Frequency Range: 100 to 30.000 kHz (0.1 to 30 MHz). Line Audio Outputs: Stereo left and right. 87 to 108 MHz, 118 to 137 MHz. 300 mV. 4.7K Ohms for each output. AM. USB. LSB modes (0.1 to 30 MHz). AM mode only for 118 to 137 MHz. Headphone Jack: 1/8 inch (3.175mm) stereo/mono type. FM mode only for 87 to 108 MHz. DC Power Requirements: Input: 7-10 VDC 0 1 Amp. supplied from Sensitivity - SSB AC ADAPTER, external DC Power (10 dB S+N/N): Less than 0.5 uV, 0.1 to 30 MHz. Supply or 5.7 to 9.0 VDC supplied by (6) internally mounted "D" cell (1.5V) Sensitivity - AM batteries (not supplied). (10 dB S+N/N): Less than 2.0 uV. 0.1 to 30 MHz. (1000 Hz. 30% Mod): Less than 4.0 pV, 118 to 137 MHz. Current requirements (approximate) from Sensitivity - FM 9.0 VDC Supply or (20 dB S/N) (monaural): Less than 4 uV, 87 to 108 MHz. Batteries with 1/4 W average Audio Output: Mode Dependent: Frequency Stability 10 ppm, 0C to 50C 510 mA minimum with lamp off, 830 mA maximum with lamp on. Frequency Accuracy: Better than 100 Hz. c 25' C Operating Temperature: 0C to +50C Selectivity - SSB. AM: 6 kHz c -6 dB, less than 12 kHz 0 -60 dB. 4 kHz c -6 dB. -
Locating RF Interference at HF
Locating RF Interference at HF A proven and practical approach to dealing with RFI from grow lights and more. Tom Thompson, WØIVJ longer ranges, however, the noise might be ing set to LINE, the RFI might be power line Radio frequency interference (RFI) in- heard only at HF. So, HF RDF to get you related. in VHF range can be a real time saver. See creased dramatically in my neighborhood RFI from consumer devices that appears www.arrl.org/power-line-noise-faq for recently. Locating the sources was not at regular intervals across the band likely more information. easy, due in part to the distances involved. comes from a switching-mode power sup- The typical range for a consumer device I also found that RFI from consumer de- ply. If the noise is pulsing it could be a bat- that meets the applicable FCC Part 15 or vices can be problematic. While FCC Part tery charger. Sharp periodic ticks could be 18 emissions limits is usually no more 15 and Part 18 rules define emissions limits from an electric fence. Variable speed mo- than a few hundred feet. Some of the for most consumer electronics, the limits tors in appliances, like washing machines, sources in my area, however, were more are high enough to allow interference to increasingly rely on electronic speed con- than a half-mile away. The usual “sniff” nearby radio receivers. FCC rules protect trols and switching power supplies. See also methods weren’t practical, and without an all licensed radio services from harmful in- Light Bulbs and RFI — A Closer Look for initial heading, the sources were difficult terference, and the operator of an offending an additional discussion on FCC rules and to find.