DOCSLIB.ORG

Caulerpa Value Chain Review 2011: Fiji & Samoa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caulerpa Value Chain Review 2011: Fiji & Samoa Caulerpa Value Chain Review 2011: Fiji & Samoa Theo Simos (University of Adelaide, Australia) 1 Table of Contents WHY CAULERPA? 3 BACKGROUND 3 PROCESS FLOW & INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 4 CONSUMER MARKETS 5 PRELIMINARY VALUE CHAIN RESEARCH 5 OPPORTUNITIES IN RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT 7 REFERENCES 8 APPENDIX 9 CAULERPA CHAIN REVIEW 2 Why Caulerpa? Caulerpa is a popular and widely used sea vegetable in Pacific Island Communities where it is harvested, and consumed as an accompaniment to fresh food. In Fiji and Samoa Caulerpa (sea grapes and commonly referred to as “Nama” in Fiji and “Limu” in Samoa) is important to many small coastal communities as an income earning activity. The consumption of sea grapes is popular in Japan and in some Japanese restaurants in Asia and the export of Caulerpa may have potential for development. Caulerpa in the current form as offered for sale is very perishable and new techniques (enhancing shelf life) improving packaging may enable the product to be distributed to more consumers to increase consumption. Understanding the scale of harvesting and distribution of Caulerpa and analysis of chains to market can determine whether opportunities for further research can be developed to improve this resource and to better economic returns. Background Worldwide, there are many seaweed species of the genus Caulerpa, but Caulerpa lentillifera and C. racemosa are the two most popular edible species. Present in Fiji and Samoa, Caulerpa racemosa (sea grapes) is commonly found near reefs on sandy and sea grass bottoms in shallow protected waters that are accessible during low tides. Popular in Japan, pond cultivation of C. lentillifera has been very successful on Mactan Island, Cebu, in the central Philippines, with markets in Cebu and Manila and some exports to Japan (FAO, 2003). Mariculture of seaweed has been of interest in Australia and the Pacific and researchers at James Cook University are undertaking trials to determine whether Caulerpa racemosa can be cultivated in Samoa and will report findings separately. Evaluation of Caulerpa is one of the main components of a project ACIAR/PARDI Project 2010/002. “Value-adding and supply chain development for fisheries and aquaculture products in Fiji, and Samoa” The project team led by Professor Robin South made up of University of South Pacific (USP) researchers has during the course of this project undertaken considerable investigations and scoping CAULERPA CHAIN REVIEW 3 studies. Further Dr Jimima Lako and her team of student researchers at USP have conducted various product development consumer trials around extending the life of Caulerpa which are currently underway. During 2011, researchers Ms Sheree Morris and Shirleen Bala from the Institute of Marine Resources (IMR) at USP and Theo Simos of Adelaide University conducted a field visit of a prominent group of harvesters located on Naviti Island, Yasawas and municipal markets in Fiji. A similar exercise was repeated in Samoa with the kind assistance of Ms Malwine Lober and Ms Joyce Samuelu Ah Leong from the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. As a result further research surveys were commissioned to identify other harvest and distribution sites around Fiji and these were integrated with this report. Process Flow and Industry Structure The following process is followed by harvesters (generally women in remote locations) and vendors. 1. Harvest (access by boat and walking waist deep, “gleaning” to collect individual grape clusters (in some cases collectors remove plant runners with grapes attached) 2. Return to shore and clean to remove stems or damaged/ bleached berries. 3. Pack in 15-35 kg bags (perforated) and store in seawater (temporarily overnight to whilst awaiting transport). 4. Transport in ambient conditions by boat/motor vehicle to local markets 5. Deliver to wholesale buyer (quality check and weigh before payment) or transfer direct to market for sale by harvester/vendor direct to consumers at the local municipal market where fresh seafood, fruits and vegetables are generally sold. 6. Vendor prepares portions (heaps) of sea grapes by either wrapping them in “Via” leaf packs or open on plastic plates. 7. Consumers purchase packs or plates sometimes accompanied by fermented coconut and chili peppers and take home for consumption. 8. Some vendors distribute small quantities direct to hotel restaurants. For additional supporting information refer to: Morris, C. & Bala, S. (2012). Supply chain for sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) in Fiji. USP Institute of Marine Resources Technical Report 05/2012. 15 pp. ISBN 978-982-9143-11-2. CAULERPA CHAIN REVIEW 4 Consumer Markets The distribution of Caulerpa is largely limited to roadside stalls and main municipal markets where fresh seafood and fruit and vegetable purchasing is undertaken by local consumers. The bulk of the purchasing is carried out on Fridays and Saturdays in preparation for the Sunday family meal. Generally consumed as a salad to accompany a main meal, sea grapes can be mixed with canned tuna or mixed with coconut milk and fresh chili pepper to balance the saltiness of the sea grapes. In some cases restaurants offer Caulerpa as a garnish to salads and during traditional “lovo“ feasts for tourists to enjoy. Distribution is therefore limited to local markets and there are no sales in modern supermarkets. Irregular supply due to weather and a limited shelf life of 4-5 days appears to be a major constraint. The availability of the natural resource and safe access for gleaning by harvesters may also be a limiting factor to supply particularly in Samoa where fishery department data have shown a decrease in harvest volumes but an increase in price over the last 5 years. The development of consumer markets beyond what is currently in place will be limited and it is unlikely that there will be any local investment to develop this niche market. Preliminary Value Chain outcomes The harvesting of Caulerpa is limited to few locations where the resource grows readily and is easily and safely accessible to harvesters in coastal communities. Harvesting is part of a traditional activity (mostly women and children) which for most includes in-shore gleaning for shells, sea cucumber and fishing for the daily family meal. One particular group of “entrepreneurial” women in the remote village of Gunu located in the Yasawa Island group have been able to exploit the natural resource around their village and have developed a significant income stream from sales to mainland Fiji. Over 60% of the annual earnings of the village of some 130 inhabitants come from exploiting Caulerpa with the balance coming from conducting tours for tourists who regularly visit on the Captain Cook cruise ship. The income is critical to the economy of the village as apart from fishing activities carried out by the men there are no other opportunities for income generation. The group of about 30 women operate a weekly harvesting schedule (depending on weather) and take particular attention to their harvesting methods to preserve the runners and to not damage the growing fields. Shipment to the mainland is a weekly exercise and market volumes and vendor requests are co-ordinated by mobile phone as far as Suva. In some cases the harvesters will travel with stock on the small island ferry to the port of Lautoka and do their own retailing at the local municipal market. Generally as the majority of consumption occurs in CAULERPA CHAIN REVIEW 5 Suva they will depend on vendors and other wholesalers to do the sales on their behalf. The port and the market serve as the consolidation point for middlemen who then carry out the distribution to other local markets and road side stalls and in some case to some resorts. Regular supply fulfilment has given vendors particularly in Suva confidence. Export development is currently being explored by a Queensland company interested in Asian and Australian markets (see appendix South Pacific Seaweeds) and a Fijian exporter who has carried out some export shipments to Auckland New Zealand. Export may have some potential but issues such as supply, shelf life, air freight costs, export packaging phyto-sanitary access, markets and consumer development would need to be carefully considered. Our rapid assessment suggests that exporting is unlikely to be commercially viable in the medium term until cultivation and shelf life issues are addressed. Industry wide Value Chain maps for Caulerpa in Fiji and Samoa are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively. Fig. 1. Industry Wide Chain Map for Caulerpa in Fiji CAULERPA CHAIN REVIEW 6 Fig. 2. Industry Wide Chain Map for Caulerpa in Samoa Opportunities in Research for Development As a result of the initial rapid chain analysis the key researchable issues to facilitate the development of the Caulerpa industry were identified as; 1. Assessing the status of current harvest areas to understand the available capacity of the existing resource and confirm current and identify new fields in Fiji /Samoa. 2. This should include a scientifically designed study of the carrying capacity of primary harvest sites in both Samoa and Fiji. In addition, an extensive study of the reproductive biology and ecology of Caulerpa (never yet done in the Pacific region) should be carried out. 3. The results of both of these studies would help in the development of a management strategy for Caulerpa, which currently does not exist. A Third study of the various “forms” of “Nama” being CAULERPA CHAIN REVIEW 7 harvested and sold in Fiji would be useful; this might need to include some genetic (DNA) work. The formal taxonomy of these forms is currently inadequate 4. Educate harvesters about correct harvest methods to ensure fields are sustainable over time. 5. Evaluate alternative packaging methods for the transfer of the sea grapes to market (storage in the ferry boat and vehicles in heavy bags squashes and causes considerable damage which reduces returns and means substandard product is sold to consumers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 47320-001: Involuntary Resettlement Due Diligence Report
    Involuntary Resettlement Due Diligence Report July 2015 Proposed Grant Samoa: Submarine Cable Project This Involuntary Resettlement Due Diligence Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Proposed Grant Samoa: Samoa Submarine Cable Project DUE DILIGENCE REPORT ON INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT- Fagali’i and Tuasivi Villages, Samoa 8 June 2015 I. Introduction 1. This due diligence report (DDR) on involuntary resettlement describes: Brief project background; Component activities; Current status of land ownership or use; and Identification of land requirement for sub-project components and potential issues. II. Background and Objectives 2. The Government of the Independent State of Samoa (the government) has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank (WB) to support market development and core infrastructure investments aimed at improving access to information and communications technology (ICT). A key component of this support is the planned investment in a submarine cable system (SCS) to connect Samoa to regional/global communications infrastructure. 3. The objective of the Samoa Submarine
    [Show full text]
  • Savai'i Volcano
    A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist A Visitor's Field Guide to Savai’i Touring Savai'i with a Geologist Warren Jopling Page 1 A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND THIS ARTICLE Tuapou Warren Jopling is an Australian geologist who retired to Savai'i to grow coffee after a career in oil exploration in Australia, Canada, Brazil and Indonesia. Travels through Central America, the Andes and Iceland followed by 17 years in Indonesia gave him a good understanding of volcanology, a boon to later educational tourism when explaining Savai'i to overseas visitors and student groups. His 2014 report on Samoa's Geological History was published in booklet form by the Samoa Tourism Authority as a Visitor's Guide - a guide summarising the main geological events that built the islands but with little coverage of individual natural attractions. This present article is an abridgement of the 2014 report and focuses on Savai'i. It is in three sections; an explanation of plate movement and hotspot activity for visitors unfamiliar with plate tectonics; a brief summary of Savai'i's geological history then an island tour with some geologic input when describing the main sites. It is for nature lovers who would appreciate some background to sightseeing. Page 1 A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist The Pacific Plate, The Samoan Hotspot, The Samoan Archipelago The Pacific Plate, the largest of the Earth's 16 major plates, is born along the East Pacific Rise.
    [Show full text]
  • PACIFIC REGIONAL NAVIGATION INITIATIVE SAMOA Hydrographic
    Hydrographic Authority PACIFIC REGIONAL NAVIGATION INITIATIVE SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment Annexes Report Number: RNALZ17001_C Version: 1.1 Date: 17 September 2017 SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment _________________________________________________________________________________________ Supported by the New Zealand Aid Programme PACIFIC REGIONAL NAVIGATION INITIATIVE SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment Annexes A joint production by: Land Information New Zealand Level 7 Radio New Zealand House 155 The Terrace Wellington NEW ZEALAND and Rod Nairn & Associates Pty Ltd Hydrographic and Maritime Consultants ABN 50 163 730 58 42 Tamarind Drive Cordeaux Heights NSW AUSTRALIA Authors: Rod Nairn, Michael Beard, Stuart Caie, Ian Harrison, James O’Brien Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the New Zealand Government. Satellite AIS data under licence from ORBCOM (augmented by IHS Global Pte Ltd) ii Rod Nairn and Associates Pty Ltd Hydrographic and Maritime Consultants SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment _________________________________________________________________________________________ SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment Annexes A. Event Trees B. GIS Track Creation and Processing C. Traffic Risk Calculation D. Likelihood and Consequence Factors E. Hydrographic Risk Factor Weighting Matrices F. Hydrographic Risk Calculations G. Benefits of Hydrographic Surveys to SAMOA H. List of Consultations References RNA 20170916_C_V1.1 iii SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment _________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Samatau Reserve Reassessment
    Project Title: Strengthen the Management and Monitoring of Samoa’s Community- Based Marine Management and MPAs Network Grantee Name: Government of Samoa Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Award Number: NA11NOS4820010 Award Period: 10/01/2011 - 06/30/2013 FINAL REPORT 0 Contents Progress Report………………………………………………………………………………….……page 2 Appendix 1: 2 Samoa’s General Meeting Nov. 2011……………………………………page 9 Appendix 2: Two Samoa’s Strategic Plan – unsigned……………………………..….page 15 Appendix 3a: Communities Exchange Agenda………………………………..…………page 28 Appendix 3b: Cabinet Report (Samoan)……………………………………………………page 31 Appendix 4: Community-based Fisheries Management Program Poster…….page 34 Appendix 4: Live Coral Poster……………………………………………………………….….page 34 Appendix 5: Pictures of Floats and Signboards……………………………………….….page 35 Appendix 6: Ecological Assessments conducted at data less sites………….……page 38 1 A. Background 1. The project was identified as an important boost to the onward movement of the 2 Samoas Environmental Initiative. The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MNRE) who are the main counterparts in the Samoan Government developed this proposal as an initial implementation on some of the needed activities in which Samoa needs to be effective in the collaboration with American Samoa. 2. The project proposal targeted the NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program Fiscal Year 2011 Federal Funding Opportunity–International Coral Reef Conservation Cooperative Agreements with relative Objective
    [Show full text]
  • Mavae and Tofiga
    Mavae and Tofiga Spatial Exposition of the Samoan Cosmogony and Architecture Albert L. Refiti A thesis submitted to� The Auckland University of Technology �In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Art & Design� Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... i Attestation of Authorship ...................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................ viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ix Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Leai ni tusiga ata: There are to be no drawings ............................................................. 1 2. Tautuanaga: Rememberance and service ....................................................................... 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 Spacing ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • As of 1 March 2021 Government of Samoa HRM Policies & Procedures
    2021 Version – as of 1 March 2021 Government of Samoa HRM Policies & Procedures FOREWORD This Manual presents the findings, analysis and recommendations following a review of the Samoa Public Service (SPS) Determinations or policies as set out in the existing Working Conditions and Entitlements (WCE) Manual. The review of these policies is part of a broader review of the SPS working conditions and entitlements undertaken by the Public Service Commission, commencing in 2012. In an attempt to include all employees employed under the Public Service Act 2004, the Commission has also included Terms and Conditions of employment for Contract employees in the 2015 WCE Manual to assist Ministries in providing the best advice regarding Human Resource matters to their employees. This manual translates the Public Service Act 2004 and the Public Service Regulations 2008 and all of their amendments in relation to working conditions and entitlements as at January 2015. The conditions and entitlements relate to all employees except where specifically identified. Since issuance of the WCE Manual in 2009, several issues had been identified in relation to employee’s terms and conditions of employment which have warranted a further review of these existing WCE. The purpose of this review was thus, to identify and address areas that Ministries and employees currently find problematic with regard to current WCE, so as to ensure that these not only remain relevant within the current SPS operating context and reflect best practice in terms of human resource management, but that they are also seen to be fair, equitable, and reasonable for employees. At the same time, they must also be affordable for Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2004
    Government of Samoa Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SAMOA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF WOMEN, COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT For the period ended June 30 2005 To be laid before the Legislative Assembly GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA OFFICE OF THE MINISTER FOR WOMEN, COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The Honourable Speaker The Legislative Assembly of Samoa In compliance with Section 18 (2) of the Ministry of Women Affairs Act 1990, Section 17 (2) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Act 1995 and Section 17 (1) of the Ministry of Youth Sports and Cultural Affairs Act 1993/1994, I have the honour to lay before you copies of the second Annual Report for the Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development for the period of July 1 2004 to June 30 2005, for tabling before the Legislative Assembly of Samoa. This report documents activities implemented by the Ministry within this financial year, in accordance with the above identified Acts. Hon. Fiame Naomi Mataafa MINISTER FOR WOMEN, COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2 GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development Honourable Fiame Naomi Mataafa MINISTER FOR WOMEN, COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT In accordance with Section 18 (2) of the Ministry of Women Affairs Act 1990, Section 17 (1) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Act 1995 and Section 17(1) of the Ministry of Youth, Sports and Cultural Affairs Act 1993/1994, I hereby submit the second Annual Report for the Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development for the period of July 1 2004 to June 30 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Samoa Global AIDS Monitoring Report 2019
    Samoa Global AIDS Monitoring Report 2019 GLOBAL AIDS MONITORING REPORT FOR SAMOA 2019 REPORTING PERIOD: JANUARY-DECEMBER 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 I. STATUS AT A GLANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Stakeholders in the Report Writing Process .................................................................................. 6 Status of the Epidemic ............................................................................................................................. 7 Policy and Programmatic Response .................................................................................................. 8 Samoa 2018 HIV & STI Indicator Highlights ................................................................................... 9 II. OVERVIEW OF THE AIDS EPIDEMIC ............................................................................................................ 10 HIV and Other STI’s Epidemiology ................................................................................................... 10 HIV & STI PREVALENCE ESTIMATIONS AND FORECASTS ....................................................................... 13 BEHAVIOURAL RISK PROFILE ...................................................................................................................... 14 Background
    [Show full text]
  • Samoa for the Asian Development Bank
    Resettlement Plan April 2012 SAM: Power Sector Expansion Project Prepared by the Electric Power Corporation (EPC) of Samoa for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 April 2012) Currency unit – tala (ST) ST1.00 = $0.440 $1.00 = ST 2.272 NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Resettlement Plan Vaia’ata Power Station Sub-Project Resettlement Plan CHECK LIST BY WHOM/DATES SIGNATURE Final Version Tupai F M Simanu – PMU Electrical Engineer Generation (23/03/2012) Based on Version 2 Tupai F M Simanu – PMU Electrical Engineer Generation (8/02/2012) Including comments from Nogendra Sapkota (ADB Safeguard Specialist) Contributions by Tiatia Asi Tuuau – PMU LA Officer Moetuasivi Asi – PMU Community Officer Reviewed by Mathew Lemisio – ESU Team Leader Fonoti P Perelini – Acting Project Manager Approved by Project Executing Agency - Chief Executive Officer Ministry of Finance Project Management Unit Page 1 Resettlement Plan Table of Contents Executive Summary--------------------------------------------------------------------------------7-9
    [Show full text]
  • Social Policies in Samoa
    Social Policies in Samoa Desmond U. Amosa ß Commonwealth Secretariat and United Nations Research Institute for Social Development 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher. Published by the Commonwealth Secretariat Edited by Wayzgoose Designed by The Charlesworth Group Cover design by Tattersall Hammarling & Silk Printed by Hobbs the Printers, Totton, Hampshire Established in 1963, the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous institution within the UN system that carries out multidisciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary development issues. Through its research, UNRISD stimulates dialogue and contributes to policy debates on key issues of social development within and outside the UN system. Visit www.unrisd.org for full details. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 54 countries that support each other and work together towards shared goals in democracy and development. The Commonwealth Secretariat executes plans agreed by Commonwealth Heads of Government through technical assistance, advice and policy development. It works as a trusted partner for all Commonwealth people as: a force for peace, democracy, equality and good governance; a catalyst for global consensus-building; and a source of assistance for sustainable development and poverty eradication. Views and opinions expressed in this publication are the responsibility of the authors and should in no way be attributed to the institutions to which they are affiliated or to the Commonwealth Secretariat or UNRISD.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rare Plants of Samoa JANUARY 2011
    The Rare Plants of Samoa JANUARY 2011 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES 2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES 2 The Rare Plants of Samoa Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned Technical Series is published by: Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) and Conservation International Pacific Islands Program (CI-Pacific) PO Box 2035, Apia, Samoa T: + 685 21593 E: [email protected] W: www.conservation.org Conservation International Pacific Islands Program. 2011. Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned Technical Series 2: The Rare Plants of Samoa. Conservation International, Apia, Samoa Author: Art Whistler, Isle Botanica, Honolulu, Hawai’i Design/Production: Joanne Aitken, The Little Design Company, www.thelittledesigncompany.com Series Editors: James Atherton and Leilani Duffy, Conservation International Pacific Islands Program Conservation International is a private, non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501c(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN 978-982-9130-02-0 © 2011 Conservation International All rights reserved. OUR MISSION Building upon a strong foundation of science, partnership and field demonstration, CI empowers societies to responsibly and sustainably care for nature for the well-being of humanity This publication is available electronically from Conservation International’s website: www.conservation.org ABOUT THE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES This document is part of a technical report series on conservation projects funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) and the Conservation International Pacific Islands Program (CI-Pacific). The main purpose of this series is to disseminate project findings and successes to a broader audience of conservation professionals in the Pacific, along with interested members of the public and students.
    [Show full text]
  • ED233587.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 233 587 FL 013 887 AUTHOR Mayer, John F. TITLE Samoan Language: A Manual for the Study and Teaching of the Samoan Language as Taught by Peace Corps/W. Samoa. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Dec 75 NOTE 414p.; Some pages may not reproduce well. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) -- Guides - Classroom Use- Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Dialogs (Language); Glossaries; Grammar; Lesson Plans; *Samoan; *Second Language Instruction; Vocabulary ABSTRACT This Samoan language manual is designed foruse by both teachers and students. The manual outlines and explains each lesson for the teacher and provides a source of reference for the learner. The lessons are intended for use in the classroom under the direction of the teacher. Total immersion in Samoan and exclusion of English are important features of the course. Each lesson containsa list of topics to be taught, the method to be used, and thenecessary materials. The lessons are organized into eight units covering nominatives, numbers, pronouns, verb tenses, adjectives and adverbs, miscellaneous concepts, conjunctions and prepositions, idioms, and dialogues and stories. An appendix providesa Samoan grammar, an English-Samoan glossary, and a Samoan-English glossary. (RW) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** LANGUAGE A I' :filTUAL MC hi THE STUDY AYD 1t 1 77-77G THE S4.1; .Ar. LA::GT ". 7'; AS TAT_T-TTT ".?v T.7 ACS' CO RPSt. SALTA F. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI I( This document has been reproduced as receivedI .om the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction duality.
    [Show full text]