DOCSLIB.ORG

Castle Nugent Farms Special Resource Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Castle Nugent Farms Special Resource Study National Park Service Castle Nugent Farms U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Regional Office St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands Atlanta, Georgia Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment July 2010 Draft This report has been prepared to provide Congress and the public with information about the resources in the study area and how they related to criteria for inclusion within the National Park System. Publication and transmittal of this report should not be considered an endorsement for a commitment by the National Park Service to seek or support either specific legislative authorization for the project or appropriation for its implementation. Castle Nugent Farms Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment July 2010 National Park Service Southeast Regional Office Planning and Compliance Division Atlanta, Georgia 30303 www.nps.gov National Park Service Castle Nugent Farms Special Resource Study Summary In 2006 Congress directed the Secretary of the Interior to undertake a study of Castle Nugent Farms on the island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The Castle Nugent Farms Study Act (Public Law 109-317, October 11, 2006) directs the Secretary to study the suitability and feasibility of designating Castle Nugent Farms as a unit of the National Park System, and for other purposes. In fulfilling the requirements of the Act, the National Park Service (NPS) specifically set out to determine 1) if the resources present at Castle Nugent Farms are nationally significant, 2) if the site would be a suitable and feasible addition to the National Park System, 3) whether direct NPS management or alternative protection by other public agencies or the private sector is appropriate for the area, and 4) what management alternative would be most effective and efficient in protecting the area’s resources and allowing for public enjoyment. The Castle Nugent Farms study area is located along the southeastern shore of St. Croix, about three miles south of the island’s principal town of Christiansted. The area consists of both terrestrial and submerged lands approximating 11,500 acres, of which three quarters are submerged lands. The non-submerged lands, or uplands, consist of approximately 2,900 acres. Pursuant to the findings in the Act, the study area is an intact historic landscape that includes numerous sites associated with pre-Columbian and post-European settlement, including 18th century cotton plantation structures. The study area also contains an offshore coral reef, pristine shoreline, dry forest and pasturelands that have a long- standing association with Senepol cattle breeding, and sensitive habitats where various threatened and endangered species live and breed. A shoreline of coral cobble beaches and small crescent bays with sea grass beds and coral patch reefs extends for approximately 4.5 miles. The marine areas extend out directly from the shore across the coral reef and sea grass meadows to the three-mile territorial limit. The NPS has found that the site meets established criteria for inclusion in the National Park System, and that the potential inclusion of the area to the National Park System enjoys strong local support. National Significance of Castle Nugent Farms The NPS has determined that the Castle Nugent Farms area represents a nationally significant cultural landscape that provides a glimpse into the historic development of St. Croix in the 18th and 19th centuries when cotton plantations dotted the south shore of the island. The area conveys a strong stepping-back-in- time quality to a period when cotton was an important export crop for the economic and social development of the new Danish colony. The era of cotton i National Park Service Castle Nugent Farms Special Resource Study plantation agriculture on St. Croix, which depended on slave labor, was critical to the establishment of the Danish colonial system in the Caribbean. Many of St. Croix’s south shore plantations that produced cotton as their primary crop did not transition to the production of sugar cane as most other Virgin Islands estates did. In subsequent years, the lands continued to be used for agricultural purposes, including the raising of cattle that continues today. Largely because of this continuum, the agrarian landscape at Castle Nugent remains well intact from early colonial days. The fields, structures, ruins, and archeological resources provide an outstanding laboratory to study and interpret firsthand the cotton era on St. Croix. Suitability The resources of the Castle Nugent Farms area reflect the historical cotton era in the Virgin Islands better than any other collection of estates under public ownership within the U.S. Virgin Islands. The establishment of a national park unit at Castle Nugent Farms would provide the opportunity to preserve and protect an outstanding Caribbean cultural landscape and interpret the cotton era and related agricultural themes that have been instrumental in the development of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands. The historical estates that operated within the Castle Nugent lands span every period of the United States Caribbean colonial expansion, including the French, English, Danish eras; and continue into the American territorial period of today. Of particular importance, the estates include the remains of both French and Danish plantation systems in the Virgin Islands, neither of which are well represented in the National Park System. Feasibility The NPS finds the study area to be feasible to manage as a unit of the National Park System. The size and configuration of the area are comparable to existing units and capable of being efficiently managed. The resources, including coral reefs, cultural landscapes, historic structures, dry uplands, rare wetlands, and a cattle breeding and ranching operation, are similar to those managed by other units of the system, though their combination and expression in this location are unique, and would not place an undue burden on the managing agency. There are significant potential threats to the resources, namely commercial and real estate development, and there is strong local support for action to protect the resources. There is at least one willing seller within the study area (and potential additional willing sellers). The future costs are uncertain, but would likely feature high acquisition costs (if purchased; donation is also an option for acquisition) and moderate administration costs. Costs to develop facilities for visitor use and education have not been determined. ii National Park Service Castle Nugent Farms Special Resource Study Alternatives for Management Management alternatives are developed after the resources of a study area are determined to be eligible for potential inclusion in the National Park System. The alternatives further explore the feasibility of a potential new area by identifying partnership opportunities, staff or development requirements, and costs associated with operating a national park unit at the site. Drawing from stakeholder and public input, and a clear need for NPS management, the study team developed two management alternatives for the preservation, protection, and visitor enjoyment of resources within the Castle Nugent Farms study area, as well as a no action alternative. An alternatives summary is provided below. Public sentiment has been overwhelmingly in support of creating a national park unit at Castle Nugent Farms. As part of the study, the NPS conducted public meetings to present management alternatives. The NPS received over 300 comments in favor of establishing a national park unit and only one comment in opposition. A recurring point made in comments was the outstanding opportunity the Castle Nugent Farms area offers to preserve an important remnant of the island’s agricultural heritage. Other comments emphasized the site’s unobstructed vistas from the hills to the sea as increasingly rare on St. Croix, the many potential low-impact recreational opportunities, the need to continue the breeding of the Senepol cattle, and the importance of protecting the wide variety of habitats and species at Great Pond, the undeveloped south shore, and the offshore coral reef ecosystem and associated fisheries. Alternative A Alternative B Alternative C No Action Castle Nugent NHS Castle Nugent NHS Overall No action by the NPS or any Management of full range Management of extensive Management other public entity. of cultural, natural, and range of cultural resources Framework recreational resources at in study area. Preservation Castle Nugent Farms, and protection of core including extensive land and historic resources that are marine ecosystem and vital to interpreting cotton remnants of nine historical plantation story. plantations. Partnership with Government of Virgin Islands to manage marine areas owned by territory. Operations None. Optional stand-alone unit or Operations supported from operations supported from Christiansted National Christiansted National Historic Site. Historic Site. Acreage None. 11,500 acres (2,900 1,750 terrestrial acres terrestrial and 8,600 marine acres) Visitor Public access restricted; no Widest variety of visitor Modest variety of visitor Experience formal visitor programs due experience opportunities. experience opportunities. to private ownership and private development. Initial Site None. Visitor contact, parking and Visitor contact, parking and Development restroom amenities. restroom amenities. and Facilities Cost Estimate None $850,000 - $1,150,000 $750,000 – $850,000 (operations)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 321 M. Naum and J.M. Nordin (Eds.), Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena
    Index A Swedish iron Almenn landskipunarfræði , 40 Board of Mines , 55 Amina revolt global integration , 55 Aquambo nation , 266 market economy , 54 ethnic networks , 264 metal trades , 54 French soldiers , 264 Moravian mission , 265 rebels , 264 B 1733 revolt , 265 Bankhus site , 288–289 Slave Coast , 265 Berckentin Palace , 9 St. Thomas , 263 Brevis Commentarius de Islandia , 39 Atlantic economy Gammelbo to Calabar African traders , 59 C European slave trade and New World Charlotte Amalie port slavery , 60 archaeological exploration , 280 Gammelbo forgemen , 58 Bankhus site , 288–289 slave ships , 59 Caribbean market , 276 voyage iron , 58 cast iron , 279 ironworks Danish trade , 275 Bergslagen region , 55 historical documents , 276 bergsmän , 56 housing compounds, Government Hill , 279 bruks , 56 Magens House site Dannemora mine , 57 ceramics , 284 Dutch and British consumers , 58 Crown House , 283 osmund iron , 56 Danish fl uted lace porcelain , 284 pig iron , 56 excavated material remains , 285 Leufsta to Birmingham’s steel furnaces high-cost goods , 286 British manufacturers market , 64 ironwork , 286 common iron , 61 Moravian ware , 284 international market , 63 terraces , 285 iron quality , 64 urban garden , 287 järnboden storehouse , 63 nineteenth-century gates , 281 Öregrund Iron , 62 spatial analysis Walloon forging technique , 61 Blackbeard’s Castle , 282 Swedish economy , 64–66 bone button blanks , 283 M. Naum and J.M. Nordin (eds.), Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: 321 Small Time Agents in a Global Arena, Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology 37, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6202-6, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 322 Index Charlotte Amalie port (cont.) Greenland , 107–108 cultural meaning and intentions , 281 illegal trade interisland trade of goods and alcoholic beverages , 109 wares , 282 British faience plate , 109 social relations , 281 buy and discard practice , 110 transhipment/redistribution centre , 283 Disko Bay , 108 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Glacial & Coastal Landforms
    1 GEOMORPHOLOGY 201 READER PART IV : EVOLUTION OF GLACIAL & COASTAL LANDFORMS A landform is a small to medium tract or parcel of the earth’s surface. After weathering processes have had their actions on the earth materials making up the surface of the earth, the geomorphic agents like running water, ground water, wind, glaciers, waves perform erosion. The previous sections covered the erosion and deposition and hence landforms caused by running water (fluvial geomorphology) and by wind (aeolian geomorphology). Erosion causes changes on the surface of the earth and is followed by deposition, which likewise causes changes to occur on the surface of the earth. Several related landforms together make up landscapes, thereby forming large tracts of the surface of the earth. Each landform has its own physical shape, size, materials and is a result of the action of certain geomorphic processes and agents. Actions of most of the geomorphic processes and agents are slow, and hence the results take a long time to take shape. Every landform has a beginning. Landforms once formed may change their shape, size and nature slowly or fast due to continued action of geomorphic processes and agents. Due to changes in climatic conditions and vertical or horizontal movements of landmasses, either the intensity of processes or the processes themselves might change leading to new modifications in the landforms. Evolution here implies stages of transformation of either a part of the earth’s surface from one landform into another or transformation of individual landforms after they are once formed. That means, each and every landform has a history of development and changes through time.
    [Show full text]
  • An International Journal Published by the Marine Environmental Alabama Sciences Consortium Of
    An International Journal Evolution of the Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory MICHAEL J. GREENBERG,WILLIAM F. HERRNKIND, AND FELICIA C. COLEMAN Published by the Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium of Alabama Gulf of Mexico Science, 2010(1–2), pp. 149–163 Evolution of the Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory MICHAEL J. GREENBERG,WILLIAM F. HERRNKIND, AND FELICIA C. COLEMAN SIXTY YEARS OF HISTORY and the toponym Turkey Point Laboratory or, more often, the FSU Marine Laboratory n 1949, just 2 yr after the Florida State College (FSUML) stuck for more than 4 decades. I for Women was transformed into a coeduca- In 2006, Felicia Coleman became the 13th tional institution—The Florida State University director of the Laboratory. She is the first (FSU)—marine science gained a permanent director whose primary workplace is at the foothold on the Tallahassee campus with the laboratory, and the first with an on-site faculty formation of The Oceanographic Institute (OI). to manage. And the laboratory became the FSU This institute—within the College of Arts and Coastal and Marine Laboratory (FSUCML). Sciences—was meant to train graduate students The history of these two laboratories, which in marine science, to provide marine research follows, is narrated primarily by three of the 13 facilities for faculty and students and visiting directors. We have divided the narrative into four investigators, to conduct interdisciplinary basic distinct periods: The Genesis, 15 yr at Alligator research in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, and Harbor; The Great Move from Alligator Harbor also to conduct applied research directed toward to Turkey Point, 7 yr of change; The Long improving Florida’s fishing industry and devel- Struggle at Turkey Point, 34 yr of intermittent, oping other marine resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Oce1001, Introduction to Oceanography, Fall, 2005
    OCE1001, INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY, Fall, 2018 THIRD MID-TERM EXAMINATION Test No. 0001 Name: __________________________ READ THIS!!!! Put your name in the blank above. Read all questions carefully, and answer only the question which is asked. You may find the following equations useful: C = (gL/2) = 1.25 L (m/s) Where: C = speed of a wave and: g = gravity = 9.8 m/s2 C = (gD) = 3.1 D (m/s) L = wavelength of a wave C = 1.56 T (m/s) D = water depth C = L/T T = period of a wave PLEASE WRITE NEATLY. Matching: The Beaches Are Moving (8 pts) Do not put these on the scantron sheet. ____ neap ____ hook A. worldwide change in sea level. B. structure intended to widen a beach. ____ jetty ____ groin C. wall intended to keep a channel open. D. two high and two low tides per day. ____ eustatic E. current parallel to the shore caused by waves. ____ semidiurnal F. twice monthly tide that with a smaller than average range. ____ marine terrace G. bend in end of a spit caused by wave refraction. ____ longshore current H. region eroded flat by waves, elevated above sea level. ____ longitudinal I. disturbance of wave is parallel to wave movement Multiple Choice: (2 pts each) Put the answers to these questions on the scantron sheet. 1. In Figure 1, the features labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are, respectively: a. spit, barrier island, baymouth bar, hook, tombolo. b. hook, spit, baymouth bar, barrier island, tombolo. c. tombolo, spit, baymouth bar, barrier island, hook.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of the Virgin Islands with Emphasis on Linguistics, Compiled by Sara Smollett, 2011
    Timeline of the Virgin Islands with emphasis on linguistics, compiled by Sara Smollett, 2011. Sources: Hall, Slave Society in the Danish West Indies, 1992; Dookhan, A History of the Virgin Islands of the United States, 1994; Westergaard, The Danish West Indies under Company Rule (1671 { 1754), 1917; Oldendorp, Historie der caribischen Inseln Sanct Thomas, 1777; Highfield, The French Dialect of St Thomas, 1979; Boyer, America's Virgin Islands, 2010; de Albuquerque and McElroy in Glazier, Caribbean Ethnicity Revisited, 1985; http://en.wikipedia.org/; http://www.waterislandhistory.com; http://www.northamericanforts.com/; US census data I've used modern names throughout for consistency. However, at various previous points in time: St Croix was Santa Cruz, Christiansted was Bassin; Charlotte Amalie was Taphus; Vieques was Crab Island; St Kitts was St Christopher. Pre-Columbus .... first Ciboneys, then later Tainos and Island Caribs settle the Virgin Islands Early European exploration 1471 Portuguese arrive on the Gold Coast of Africa 1493 Columbus sails past and names the islands, likely lands at Salt River on St Croix and meets natives 1494 Spain and Portugal define the Line of Demarcation 1502 African slaves are first brought to Hispanola 1508 Ponce de Le´onsettles Puerto Rico 1553 English arrive on the Gold Coast of Africa 1585 Sir Francis Drake likely anchors at Virgin Gorda 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1593 Dutch arrive on the Gold Coast of Africa 1607 John Smith stopped at St Thomas on his way to Jamestown, Virginia Pre-Danish settlement
    [Show full text]
  • 174 Coastal Processes and Hazards I. WATER, WAVES and COASTAL
    Coastal Processes and Hazards I. WATER, WAVES AND COASTAL DYNAMICS A. Beach and coastal areas represent sites of dynamic sedimentation, erosion and re- working of river-borne sediments as they reach coastal regions 1. Dynamic interaction between wind, waves, sedimentation and erosion 2. Coastal areas noted for extremely variable meteorologic conditions 3. Hurricanes and storms profoundly influence coastal morphology a. Wave energy and wind energy during coastal storms exhibit great capability to do work in the form of erosion and transportation of sediment (1) Eg. storm wash-over processes (2) storm surges (3) changes in coastal morphology via erosion and sedimentation 4. Gross coastal configuration primarily a function of plate tectonic history, however relentless wave processes modify coast through erosion and sedimentation B. The Ocean and Wave Activity 1. Beach/coastal sand/sediment profoundly influenced by wave action a. waves provide motion/energy for transportation and erosion of sediment 2. Waves generated by wind shear blowing across ocean surface for long distances a. shear creates orbital rotation of water to form water waves (1) orbital motion = circular to and fro motion, diminishing in intensity at depth from surface (2) Although the wave is passed through the water as a medium; actual water molecules are NOT displaced as the wave is propagated b. Wave form controlled by: (1) wind velocity (2) duration of wind (3) fetch- distance over which wind blows (length across water) (> fetch, > wave amplitude) 3. Wave Morphology a. Wave crest: high upper peak of wave train b. Wave trough: low separating two crests c. Wave Height: vertical distance between crest and trough (1) Avg.
    [Show full text]
  • Shoreline Changes in the Isles Dernieres Barrier Island Arc: 1887-1996 Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
    SHORELINE CHANGES IN THE ISLES DERNIERES BARRIER ISLAND ARC: 1887-1996 TERREBONNE PARISH, LOUISIANA Shea Penland11, Chris Zganjar22, Karen A. Westphal2, Paul Connor1 Jeff List3 and S. Jeffress Williams3 INTRODUCTION The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Coastal Research Laboratory in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of New Orleans (UNO) and the Center for Coastal Energy and Environmental Resources at Louisiana State University (LSU), is investigating the processes of coastal erosion and wetland loss in Louisiana (Sallenger and others, 1987; Sallenger and Williams 1989; Penland and others, 1992). Building on the USGS Louisiana Barrier Island Study (Williams and others, 1992) and the USGS Hurricane Andrew impact assessment (Penland and others, 1998), this USGS Open-File Report depicts shoreline changes between 1887 and 1996, which provides an 8-year update of McBride and others (1992). The Isles Dernieres are located about 120 km southwest of New Orleans (Figure 1). This barrier island shoreline is 32 km long and extends from Caillou Bayou east to Wine Island Pass. The Isles Dernieres represent a barrier island arc developed from the reworking and erosion of an abandoned distributary of the Lafourche delta complex within the Mississippi River delta plain (Penland and others, 1988). Previous work by McBride and others (1992) documented a long-term (1887-1988) gulfside erosion rate of -11.1 m/yr and a short-term (1978-1988) gulfside erosion rate of -19.2 m/yr. The long- term bayside (1906-1988) erosion rate was measured at -0.6 m/yr and the short-term (1978-1988) bayside erosion rate was measured at -5.2 m/yr.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation and Change in Virgin Islands Dutch Creole Tense, Modality and Aspect
    VARIATION AND CHANGE IN VIRGIN ISLANDS DUTCH CREOLE TENSE, MODALITY AND ASPECT Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Annaberg sugar mill ruins, St. John, US Virgin Islands. Picture taken by flickr user Navin75. Original in full color. Reproduced and adapted within the freedoms granted by the license terms (CC BY-SA 2.0) applied by the licensor. ISBN: 978-94-6093-235-9 NUR 616 Copyright © 2017: Robbert van Sluijs. All rights reserved. Variation and change in Virgin Islands Dutch Creole Tense, Modality and Aspect Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 11 mei 2017 om 10.30 uur precies door Robbert van Sluijs geboren op 23 januari 1987 te Heerlen Promotor: Prof. dr. P.C. Muysken Copromotor: Dr. M.C. van den Berg (UU) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. R.W.N.M. van Hout Dr. A. Bruyn (Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Den Haag) Prof. dr. F.L.M.P. Hinskens (VU) Prof. dr. S. Kouwenberg (University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica) Prof. dr. C.H.M. Versteegh Part of the research reported in this dissertation was funded by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW). i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v ABBREVIATIONS ix 1. VARIATION IN VIRGIN ISLANDS DUTCH CREOLE: TENSE-ASPECT- MODALITY 1 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Treasures in Trusted Hands
    Van Beurden Van TREASURES IN TRUSTED HANDS This pioneering study charts the one-way traffic of cultural “A monumental work of and historical objects during five centuries of European high quality.” colonialism. It presents abundant examples of disappeared Dr. Guido Gryseels colonial objects and systematises these into war booty, (Director-General of the Royal confiscations by missionaries and contestable acquisitions Museum for Central Africa in by private persons and other categories. Former colonies Tervuren) consider this as a historical injustice that has not been undone. Former colonial powers have kept most of the objects in their custody. In the 1970s the Netherlands and Belgium “This is a very com- HANDS TRUSTED IN TREASURES returned objects to their former colonies Indonesia and mendable treatise which DR Congo; but their number was considerably smaller than has painstakingly and what had been asked for. Nigeria’s requests for the return of with detachment ex- plored the emotive issue some Benin objects, confiscated by British soldiers in 1897, of the return of cultural are rejected. objects removed in colo- nial times to the me- As there is no consensus on how to deal with colonial objects, tropolis. He has looked disputes about other categories of contestable objects are at the issues from every analysed. For Nazi-looted art-works, the 1998 Washington continent with clarity Conference Principles have been widely accepted. Although and perspicuity.” non-binding, they promote fair and just solutions and help people to reclaim art works that they lost involuntarily. Prof. Folarin Shyllon (University of Ibadan) To promote solutions for colonial objects, Principles for Dealing with Colonial Cultural and Historical Objects are presented, based on the 1998 Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art.
    [Show full text]
  • Postcolonising Danish Foreign Policy Activism in the Global South: Cases of Ghana, India and the Us Virgin
    Nikita Pliusnin POSTCOLONISING DANISH FOREIGN POLICY ACTIVISM IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH: CASES OF GHANA, INDIA AND THE US VIRGIN ISLANDS Faculty of Management and Business Master‟s Thesis April 2021 ABSTRACT Nikita Pliusnin: Postcolonising Danish Foreign Policy Activism in the Global South: Cases of Ghana, India and the US Virgin Islands Master‟s Thesis Tampere University Master‟s Programme in Leadership for Change, European and Global Politics, CBIR April 2021 There is a growing corpus of academic literature, which is aimed to analyse Danish activism as a new trend of the kingdom‟s foreign policy. Different approaches, both positivist and post-positivist ones, study specific features of activism, as well the reasons of why this kind of foreign policy has emerged in post- Cold War Denmark. Nevertheless, little has been said on the role of Danish colonial past in the formation of strategies and political courses towards other states and regions. The heterogeneous character of Danish colonialism has also been overlooked by scholars: while Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands are thoroughly examined in Danish postcolonial studies, so-called „tropical colonies‟ (the Danish West Indies, the Danish Gold Coast and Danish India) are almost „forgotten‟. The aim of the thesis is to investigate how the Danish colonial past (or rather the interpretations of the past by the Danish authorities) in the Global South influences modern Danish foreign policy in Ghana, India and US Virgin Islands (the USVI) (on the present-day territories of which Danish colonies were once situated). An authored theoretical and methodological framework of the research is a compilation of discourse theory by Laclau and Mouffe (1985) and several approaches within postcolonialism, including Orientalism by Said (1978) and hybridity theory by Bhabha (1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Deposition Sites Erosional and Depositional Ar1n Counties
    U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with the DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Deposition Sites Erosional and Depositional ar1n• Counties, California 1974 Pamphlet to accompany Miscellaneous Fi~ld Studies Map MF-625 Jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Department of Housing and Urban Development as part of a program to develop earth-science information in a form applicable to land-use planning and decision making. Pamphlet text to accompany MF-625 SEDIMENT SOURCE AND DEPOSITION SITES AND EROSIONAL AND DEPOSITIONAL PROVINCES MARIN AND SONOMA COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA By William M. Brown III and Lionel E. Jackson, Jr. INTRODUCTION The land surface of Marin and Sonoma Counties is a precise recorder of the natural and artificial factors that have shaped it. It is also an excellent predictor of the forms it will probably have in the future, given an estimate of the human and natural factors expected to act upon it. Studying the land surface for clues about its past and future, therefore, is a necessary aspect of thorough land-use planning and decisionmaking about land-use designs. This report is intended to aid the planner and decisionmaker in studying the land surface of Marin and Sonoma Counties. It is primarily concerned w~th the erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediment as a process that alters the land surface. It attempts to explain what sediment is, where sediment comes from, and where sediment goes. This report also describes how and why sediment moves from one point to another and for areas where data are available describes rates and quantities of sediment movement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Data Compilation and Assessment of Coastal Wetlands of Wisconsin's Great Lakes Final Report
    A Data Compilation and Assessment of Coastal Wetlands of Wisconsin’s Great Lakes Final Report Authors Eric Epstein, Elizabeth Spencer, Drew Feldkirchner Contributors Craig Anderson, Julie Bleser, Andy Clark, Emmet Judziewicz, Nicole Merryfield, Andy Paulios, Bill Smith Natural Heritage Inventory Program Bureau of Endangered Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 7921 Madison WI 53707-7921 PUBL ER-803 2002 Copies of this report can be obtained by writing to the Bureau of Endangered Resources at the above address. This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audiotape, etc) upon request. Please call (608-266-7012) for more information. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions, please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funding for this project was provided by the Wisconsin Coastal Zone Management Program. This support is gratefully acknowledged with special thanks to Travis Olson, Department of Administration. A number of individuals conducted inventory work and provided support to complete this project. We would like to extend our thanks to those persons listed below for their assistance. We would also like to extend our appreciation to the private landowners who granted us permission to work on or cross their properties. Data Management/GIS/Graphics Development: Julie Bleser, Natural
    [Show full text]