Clinical Applications for Motor Control Front.Qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page Ii Front.Qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page Iii

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Clinical Applications for Motor Control Front.Qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page Ii Front.Qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page Iii front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page i Clinical Applications for Motor Control front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page ii front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page iii Clinical Applications for Motor Control Edited by Patricia C. Montgomery, PhD, PT Therapeutic Intervention Programs, Inc. Hopkins, Minnesota Barbara H. Connolly, EdD, PT, FAPTA University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Tennessee An innovative information, education, and management company 6900 Grove Road • Thorofare, NJ 08086 front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page iv Copyright © 2003 by SLACK Incorporated All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The procedures and practices described in this book should be implemented in a manner con- sistent with the professional standards set for the circumstances that apply in each specific situa- tion. Every effort has been made to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to cor- rectly relate generally accepted practices. The author, editor, and publisher cannot accept respon- sibility for errors or exclusions or for the outcome of the application of the material presented herein. There is no expressed or implied warranty of this book or information imparted by it. The work SLACK Incorporated publishes is peer reviewed. Prior to publication, recognized leaders in the field, educators, and clinicians provide important feedback on the concepts and con- tent that we publish. We welcome feedback on this work. Clinical applications for motor control/(edited by) Patricia Montgomery, Barbara Connolly. p,; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-55642-545-7 (alk. paper) 1. Physical therapy--Case studies. 2. Neuromuscular diseases--Pathophysiology. 3. Movement disorders--Pathophysiology. 4. Motor ability. 5. Motor learning. [DNLM: 1. Movement Disorders--rehabilitation--Case Report. 2. Motor Skills-- physiology--Case Report. 3. Physical Therapy Techniques--Case Report. 4. Psychomotor Performance--Case Report. WL 390 C641 2002] I. Montgomery, Patricia. II. Connolly, Barbara H. RM701 .C58 2002 615.8’2--dc21 2002010007 Printed in the United States of America. Published by: SLACK Incorporated 6900 Grove Road Thorofare, NJ 08086 USA Telephone: 856-848-1000 Fax: 856-853-5991 www.slackbooks.com Contact SLACK Incorporated for more information about other books in this field or about the availability of our books from distributors outside the United States. For permission to reprint material in another publication, contact SLACK Incorporated. Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or academic use is granted by SLACK Incorporated provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center. Prior to photocopying items, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; phone: 978-750-8400; website: www.copyright.com; email: [email protected]. Last digit is print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page v CONTENTS Acknowledgments........................vii About the Editors ........................ix Contributing Authors ................xi Introduction ..................xv Chapter 1 A Framework for Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention ..1 Barbara H. Connolly, EdD, PT, FAPTA Patricia C. Montgomery, PhD, PT Chapter 2 Motor Control, Motor Learning, and Motor Development ..25 Ann F. VanSant, PhD, PT Chapter 3 Neural Systems Underlying Motor Control ..........................53 Roberta A. Newton, PhD, PT Chapter 4 Neuroplasticity: Applications to Motor Control ....................79 Nancy N. Byl, PhD, PT, FAPTA Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal Considerations ..........................................109 in Production and Control of Movement Mary M. Rodgers, PhD, PT Chapter 6 Case Studies ........................................................................135 Patricia C. Montgomery, PhD, PT Barbara H. Connolly, EdD, PT, FAPTA Chapter 7 Applying the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice ....................147 Joanell A. Bohmert, PT, MS Marilyn Woods, PT Chapter 8 Examination and Evaluation of Motor Control....................175 Mitzi B. Zeno, PT, MS, NCS Patricia Leahy, PT, MS, NCS Chapter 9 Sensory and Perceptual Issues Related to Motor Control ....207 Audrey Zucker-Levin, PT, MS, GCS Chapter 10 Issues of Cognition for Motor Control................................245 Kathye E. Light, PhD, PT front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page vi vi Contents Chapter 11 Balance Deficits: Examination, Evaluation, ........................271 and Intervention Mary Ann Seeger, PT, MS Chapter 12 Spasticity and Motor Control ..............................................309 Carol A. Giuliani, PhD, PT Chapter 13 Perspectives on Examination, Evaluation, ..........................335 and Intervention for Disorders of Gait Carol A. Oatis, PhD, PT Lisa M. Cipriany-Dacko, PT, MA Chapter 14 The Patients: Intervention and Discharge Planning..............365 Patricia C. Montgomery, PhD, PT Barbara H. Connolly, EdD, PT, FAPTA Index ............................................................................................................................381 front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge the artwork of Sandy Lowrance that was initially pre- pared for the first edition of this text (Motor Control and Physical Therapy: Theoretical Framework and Practical Application) and has been reprinted in this revision titled Clinical Applications for Motor Control. Our appreciation also goes to the authors of the individual chapters for being so responsible and efficient, and to our families for their support during the process of writing and editing. front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page viii front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page ix ABOUT THE EDITORS Patricia C. Montgomery, PhD, PT received her BS degree in physical therapy from the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla, her MA degree in educational psychology, and her PhD in child psychology from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Dr. Montgomery has a private practice in pediatrics in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area and has taught in physical therapy programs at several academic institutions. She is currently an associate professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center and also pro- vides continuing education courses for physical therapy clinicians. Barbara H. Connolly, EdD, PT, FAPTA received her BS degree in physical therapy from the University of Florida, Gainesville. She received an MEd in special education and an EdD in curriculum and instruction from Memphis State University, Tenn. She is professor and chairman of the department of physical therapy at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. She holds an academic appointment in physical ther- apy at the University of Indianapolis and serves as a guest lecturer at numerous other programs in physical therapy. Additionally, Dr. Connolly remains active in the clinic through the University of Tennessee faculty practice. front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page x front.qxd 4/10/2006 2:23 PM Page xi CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Joanell A. Bohmert, PT, MS, received her BS degree and advanced MS degree in physical therapy from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. She is a full-time cli- nician with the Anoka-Hennepin school district with a focus on pediatrics and neurolo- gy. Ms. Bohmert was actively involved in the development and revision of the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice as a member of the project advisory group and liaison to the musculoskeletal panel for Part Two; member of the task force on development of Part Three; a project editor for the second edition, Parts One and Two; and is currently a member of the American Physical Therapy Association board of directors oversight committee for the second edition. She has lectured extensively on the Guide and is an APTA Trainer for the Guide. Nancy N. Byl, PhD, PT, FAPTA, is currently professor and chair of the department of physical therapy and rehabilitation science at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Byl received her BS degree in physical therapy and an MPH in public health from the University of California, San Francisco. She received her PhD in special education from the University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco State University. In 2000, she was awarded a Catherine Worthingham Fellowship from the American Physical Therapy Association. Dr. Byl has engaged in research and published extensively in the areas of motor control and neuroplasticity. Lisa M. Cipriany-Dacko, PT, MA, received BS and MA degrees in physical therapy from Boston University, Mass. She also received an MA degree in motor learning from Columbia University, NY. She is currently an assistant professor and academic coordi- nator of clinical education at Arcadia University (formerly Beaver College) in Glenside, Pa. She has published numerous articles on physical therapy and elder individuals. Carol A. Giuliani, PhD, PT, received a BS degree in physical therapy from California State University at Long Beach, and MS and PhD degrees in kinesiology, with an emphasis in the neural control of movement, from the University of California at Los Angeles. Dr. Giuliani currently is a professor in the division of physical therapy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Patricia Leahy, PT, MS,
Recommended publications
  • Neurotoxicity of Chemicals Commonly Used in Agriculture
    23 Neurotoxicity of Chemicals Commonly Used in Agriculture NIKITA B. KATZ,OLGA KATZ, AND STEVEN MANDEL Key words: assessment, wild plants, rodenticides, heavy metals, organochlo- rides, organophosphates A multitude of chemical agents used in agriculture are known to have signif- icant toxicity, many of them specifically developed to be toxic to animals. This chapter concentrates on the neurological consequences of occupational exposure to these and other common agents, including insecticides, pesti- cides, heavy metals, and volatile organic and plant toxins. A physician in rural practice should be acquainted with the strategies for providing emergency care, especially after acute exposure to potent toxins. Acute exposure is suggested by a set of symptoms that include rapidly devel- oping fatigue, dizziness, nystagmus, disorientation, confusion, hallucination, as well as other neurological presentations (e.g., symptoms of intracranial hypertension such as headache, nausea, or vomiting), muscle fasciculations, seizures, or coma (1). A possibility of occupational exposure must be considered in all agricul- tural workers and their families; however, those who work in a confined space with little or no means of personal protection, who lack the necessary train- ing or sufficient knowledge of the native language, or lack access to industrial hygiene data should be considered likely candidates for a detailed evaluation. Often patients provide the best clues by attributing their medical condition to a specific agent or to the possibility of exposure. Patients may complain that their symptoms were preceded by the presence of a chemical smell or a spill of a chemical. They may also note that their symptoms get worse at the end of the shift, workweek, or season.
    [Show full text]
  • Circulatory System
    The Circulatory System The circulatory system works for the horse mainly as a mode of transportation. Through the medium of blood, it carries oxygen, nutrients, and water to all of the cells, and carbon dioxide and waste from them. The blood also carries hormones and defense cells, and together with lymph, bathes the cells in fluid and works to maintain the body’s heat. Together with the spleen, which acts as a reservoir of blood cells, the heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system. With a proper conditioning plan, this system can be in peak condition in 4 to 6 months, less time than other areas require. There are 3 essential parts to this system of the horse: Blood: • Plasma: fluid portion of blood containing serum and cells which aid in clotting • Red blood cells: produced in bone marrow, contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen and carbon dioxide • White blood cells: defense cells which fight germs in case of disease or injury Heart: • Hollow muscular pump made of cardiac muscle residing within the protective cover of the pericardium • 4 chambers – left and right atria (upper chambers) and left and right ventricles (lower chambers) • Dark red deoxygenated blood, carrying CO2, arrives from the cells via the vena cava (vein) • Collects in right atrium (upper) and is pumped down into right ventricle through one-way valve • Pulmonary artery carries blood to lungs, where CO2 is exchanged for oxygen • Pulmonary vein carries bright red oxygenated blood to left atrium (upper chamber) • After passing through a one-way valve into
    [Show full text]
  • Anhidrosis: Can Acupuncture Help Non-Sweaters? Martha Mallicote, DVM, DACVIM [email protected]
    Anhidrosis: Can Acupuncture Help Non-sweaters? Martha Mallicote, DVM, DACVIM [email protected] Introduction Anhidrosis is a decreased ability to sweat in response to increased body temperature. It most often occurs in horses living in hot, humid climates - like Florida and other Gulf coast states. It is an important problem for performance horses because thermoregulation is mainly accomplished by sweating in the horse. Between 65-70% of heat is lost via the evaporation of sweat and the humid environment further decreases efficiency of sweat evaporation and cooling of the horse. Prevalence Researchers have not identified any age, sex, breed, or color predisposition for developing anhidrosis. Raising foals in a hot, humid climate is not protective, as both locally-bred and imported horses may be affected. Epidemiologic studies have suggested a prevalence of between 2-6% of horses, though the prevalence may vary depending on the severity of climate. Diagnosis Anhidrosis can often be diagnosed presumptively, based on appropriate clinical signs and examination by a veterinarian. Patients often present with increased respirations and failure to cool after exercise. In situations that should elicit copious sweating, anhidrotic horses will have minimal or no sweat production. Some areas may still sweat, which can be confusing. In chronic cases, horses develop dry flaky skin (especially on the forehead), hair loss, fatigue, anorexia and decreased water consumption. Confirmatory testing utilizing intradermal injections of epinephrine or terbutaline can be performed if the diagnosis is unclear or to evaluate treatments. Treatment There is no known successful therapy for anhidrosis except moving the horse to a cooler climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecticides for Pulse Crops
    Montana State University - AgAlert System http://www.mtagalert.org/ Recent Alerts Search Past Alerts Insecticides for Pulse Crops (Cropland Insects) Description: With increasing pulse acreage we have been receiving more questions about insecticides for pea, lentil and chickpea crops. Right now the best resource is a guide published by NDSU: https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci /pests/e1143.pdf (also attached). Another good resource, a new Pest Management Strategic Plan for Pulse Crops that includes insecticide recommendations, will become available soon. When selecting a particular product you must ensure that it Subscribe Email Ag Alerts is registered for use in Montana. Alert Period: 03/08/2017 - 03/31/2017 Enter your email address here: Submitted By: Kevin Wanner and Gadi Reddy Alert Documents: Cheatgrass suppressive bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens D7 now registered in Montana (Pesticides) Description: Pseudomonas fluorescens D7 was registered in 2014 as a Subscribe Text Ag Alerts bio-herbicide for suppression of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) under the trade name D7® by Verdesian Life Sciences, LLC, Cary, NC. D7 is now registered in Enter your phone number: Montana for use on wheat, barley, triticale, oats, and rangeland. See attached label (US numbers only, do not include and March Weed Post outlining D7 as well as two other P. fluorescens strains that country code) are being developed for cheatgrass suppression. D7 is a freeze-dried powder that is dissolved in water and applied as a spray solution. D7 is a cold-loving organism Select your cell phone provider: that is best applied in late fall with cool temperatures, overcast skies, and rain.
    [Show full text]
  • External Parasite and Vector Control Guidelines AAEP External Parasite and Vector Control Guidelines
    American Association of Equine Practitioners External Parasite and Vector Control Guidelines AAEP External Parasite and Vector Control Guidelines Developed by the AAEP External Parasite Control Task Force Dennis French, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (chair) Tom Craig, DVM, PhD Jerome Hogsette, Jr. PhD Angela Pelzel-McCluskey, DVM Linda Mittel, DVM, MSPH Kenton Morgan, DVM, Dipl. ACT David Pugh, DVM, MS, MAg, Dipl. ACT, ACVN, ACVM Wendy Vaala, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM Published by The American Association of Equine Practitioners 4033 Iron Works Parkway Lexington, KY 40511 First Edition, 2016 © American Association of Equine Practitioners AAEP External Parasite and Vector Control Guidelines TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ....................................................................................................Page 2 Ticks ...............................................................................................................Page 3 Flies ..............................................................................................................Page 11 Mites .............................................................................................................Page 29 Lice ...............................................................................................................Page 34 Mosquitoes ...................................................................................................Page 42 External Parasite and Vector Control Guidelines 1 INTRODUCTION Commonly used strategies for external It is important to keep in mind that
    [Show full text]
  • In Y1yq Studies of Suspected Mechanisms of Ddt-Resistance
    IN Y1YQ STUDIES OF SUSPECTED MECHANISMS OF DDT-RESISTANCE IN BLATTELLA GERM.ANICA (L.) by George Lawrence Rolof son Thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Entomology APPROVED: Donald G. Cochran James McD. Grayson Mary H. Ross Ryland E. Webb David A. West Blacksburg, Virginia May 1968 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION , . 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW . 3 Early Insecticide Resistance •• . 3 Development of DDT • . 4 Development of DDT Resistance in Houseflies . 6 DDT-Resistance in Cockroaches and Other Insects 13 Inheritance of DDT Resistance . 18 Mode of Action of DDT . ~ . 23 DDT Synergism by Sesamex • • • • . .. 35 III. METIIODS AND MATERIALS . 42 Cockroach Strains • • • • • • 42 Treatment Procedure . 43 Sample Extraction and Cleanup it • • • • • • • • 44 Quantitation of DDT and Metabolites . 47 Thin Layer Chromatography . 48 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION • • • . 50 Toxicological Date • . • • • if • • • 50 DDT Recovery , • • • • • • • • . 52 Penetration . 52 Detoxication • . • • 66 Excretion • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 102 Combined Effects • • • ~ • • ~ j • • • • • ~ • ~ • • • • 122 ii iii Page v. STJMMARY 133 VI. REFERENCES CITED . .. 135 VII. VITA. 154 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. Donald G. Cochran for his helpful criticisms and suggestions throughout the duration of this program. Appreciation is also extended to Dr. Jack L. Bishop for his helpful suggestions in the early part of this work and to Dr. James McD. Grayson for his continuous thoughtful encouragement. The writer is grateful to Drs. Cochran, Graysoni Ross, Webb and West for their critical reading of this manuscript and to Professor Rodney Young for the use of his laboratory and equipment.
    [Show full text]
  • HORSES Bots Ivermectin (Zimecterin, Eqvalan, Oral Paste
    ANIMAL INSECT CONTROL Insecticide Animal Pest Problem Formulation Method and Rate Restrictions Remarks HORSES Bots Ivermectin (Zimecterin, Eqvalan, Oral paste. Treat horses after second killing frost. Equimectrin) 1.87% paste Quest Plus Equine Oral Gel Oral paste. (moxidectin/praziquantel) Equinox Dewormer Oral paste. (ivermectin/praziquantel) Quest Equine Oral Gel Oral paste. (moxidectin) Manual Controls Sponge animal with warm water (120 degrees F) to Firmly sponge horse’s forelegs, chest, neck and belly on initiate egg hatching. cool days (below 60 degrees F) so that larva will hatch and die of exposure. Manual control may limit bot infestations but may NOT eliminate infestations. Lice, Ticks Co-Ral Fly and Tick Spray For horn flies and lice, use 5 oz in 4 gal water. Follow label directions. DO NOT use on horses intended (6.15% coumaphos) For ticks, use 10 oz in 4 gal water. for slaughter. Co-Ral is a cholinesterase inhibitor. DO NOT treat sick, stressed or convalescent animals. DO NOT use on animals less than 3 months of age. Atroban 11% EC (permethrin) Mix 1 pt in 25 gal water. Use 2 qt spray per animal. Horse Lice Duster III Apply 2 oz over the head, shoulders and back. and other permethrin dust formulations (0.25% permethrin) Clean-Up pour-on Apply 3 mL/100 lb body weight as a spray or wipe-on (5% diflubenzuron and only. DO NOT apply more than 30 mL to any one 5% permethrin) animal. Horn Flies Atroban 11% EC Mix 1 pt 11% EC with 25 gal water. Horn flies require Use 2 qt finished spray per animal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Nicotine on Carrion Feeding Insects With
    The Effect of Nicotine on Carrion Feeding Insects with Considerations For Use Within Forensic Sciences Andrew Chick A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University, in collaboration with Staffordshire University, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. September 2014 - 1 - “Crime is common. Logic is rare. Therefore it is upon the logic rather than upon the crime that you should dwell” Sherlock Holmes. The Copper Beeches. By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner(s) of the Intellectual Property Rights. All Photos, unless expressly stated otherwise, are copy write of the author - 2 - Abstract The presence of invertebrates on decomposing animal matter has been used extensively by forensic entomologists to estimate time of death for over 100 years. The presence of toxins such as drugs and pesticides on carrion can affect the behaviour and life cycle of such invertebrates. The aim of this thesis was to examine the effects of nicotine upon the colonisation of carrion by invertebrates; nicotine was used because of its historical use as an insecticide and its ubiquitous use in society. The investigations aimed to examine these possible effects both in situ in field-based testing and ex situ in a controlled laboratory environment and to work towards an empirically testable correction factor for the estimation of Postmortem interval estimates in the presence of nicotine .
    [Show full text]
  • ANIMALS: FLY CONTROL in LIVESTOCK FACILITIES Dairy Barns, Swine Barns, Livestock Sheds, Other Animal Buildings Nancy C
    ANIMALS: FLY CONTROL IN LIVESTOCK FACILITIES Dairy Barns, Swine Barns, Livestock Sheds, Other Animal Buildings Nancy C. Hinkle, Veterinary Entomologist RESIDUAL AND BAIT SPRAYS1 WITHDRAWAL INSECTICIDE2 MOA MIXING INSTRUCTIONS TIME REMARKS Beauveria bassiana biological Safe for Animals Use a higher rate to treat maggot habitat. BalEnce is potentially hazardous to balEnce 7.5 oz/4 gal water/25000 sq ft or people to bees. Do not contaminate surface water with balEnce or its rinsate. of adult fly resting sites. re-enter when dry beta-cyfluthrin 3A Safe for Animals Remove animals before spraying and do not return them until spray dries. Do Tempo 1SC Ultra 8-16 ml 1SC in sufficient water to cover 1000 sq ft or people to not contaminate feed, drinking water, milk, or milk-handling equipment. Do not Tempo 10WP 10-20 grams 10WP in sufficient water re-enter when dry apply as a space spray. Do not apply directly to animals. Tempo 20WP to cover 1000 sq ft. Direct as a coarse, wetting spray to surfaces in livestock facilities where flies congregate, such as ceilings, walls, fences, posts, and manure. Apply to point of runoff (1 gal spray/500-1000 sq ft). Repeat as needed. For bait solutions add 1 lb sugar/gal of spray. bifenthrin 3A Safe for Animals For adult fly control in and around animal facilities, spray application should ActiShield 0.33-1 fl oz 0.66EC/gal water 1000 sq ft. or people to target areas where flies will rest. re-enter when dry chlorpyrifos 1B Restricted use pesticide. Restricted use pesticide, for use by certified applicators.
    [Show full text]
  • Meat Research Corporation
    Meat Research Corporation Final Reports Projects DAQ.096 and DAN.084 Uptake and Depletion Studies on Residues of Ectoparasiticides in Cattle Produced Under Typical Farm Situations Within the Cattle Tick and Buffalo Fly Infested Areas ,of Queensland and New South Wales. DAQ.096 DPI~ DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES SOUTH EAST Conducted by the Queensland _R~GIQN ~_ ,. Department ofPrimary Industries DAN.084 ---~ ---_- ---. Conducted by the New South Wales .-----_---­... _.. - - .. -----_..------- Department ofAgriculture - ----- - Table ofContents - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 Section 1 Final Report Project DAQ.096 RESIDUES OF ECTOPARASITICIDES IN TISSUES OF CATTLE PRODUCED UNDER TYPICAL FARM SITUATIONS WITHIN THE CATTLE TICK AND BUFFALO FLY INFESTED AREAS OF QUEENSLAND 7 Section 2 Final Report Project DAN.084 PESTICIDE RESIDES IN EXPORT BEEF PRODUCED UNDER TYPICAL FARM SITUATIONS WITHIN BUFFALO FLY INFESTED AREAS OF NEW SOUTH WALES AND QUEENSLAND 110 FINAL REPORT DAQ.096 8/03/96 2 Executive Summary Background: The projects DAQ.096 and DAN.084 came about in response to the detection of residues ofa synthetic pyrethroid pesticide in Australian beefin late 1991. This happened in the course ofroutine Port ofEntry Testing under the Import Section ofthe US National Residue Program Plan. The level found was just over halfofthe Australian Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), but more than twice the US tolerance. This focused Australian attention on international variances in tolerances. It quickly became clear that use patterns and residue tolerances for a range ofpesticides used in northern and eastern Australia for cattle tick and buffalo fly control do not match those ofour export markets. In most cases the US tolerances for these products are nominal or zero.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecticide, Sugar, and Diet Effects on Feeding and Mortality in Rhagoletis Indifferens (Dipt., Tephritidae) W
    J. Appl. Entomol. Insecticide, sugar, and diet effects on feeding and mortality in Rhagoletis indifferens (Dipt., Tephritidae) W. L. Yee United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA, USA Keywords Abstract western cherry fruit fly, neonicotinoids, feeding duration, paralysis and mortality The effects of spinosad bait and various insecticides, the presence of sugar in insecticides, and diet on feeding responses and mortality in Correspondence western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Dipt., Tephritidae), Wee L. Yee (corresponding author), USDA- were determined. Numbers of feeding events on insecticides with sugar ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory. were greater than on insecticides alone, but there was only a small Konnowac Pass Road Wapato, WA 98951, effect of diet on feeding responses to insecticides with sugar. Feeding USA. E-mail: [email protected] durations on imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid with sugar Received: September 12, 2008; accepted: were shorter than on sugar water and spinosad bait, as the October 26, 2008. neonicotinoids paralysed flies quickly. Flies that fed on sugar only (nitrogen-starved) suffered higher mortalities when exposed to spinosad, doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01359.x thiamethoxam and azinphos-methyl than to imidacloprid, acetamiprid and indoxacarb, and mortality in between these two groups of treat- ments when exposed to spinosad bait. Mortalities were greater when sugar was added to insecticides, and were higher in nitrogen-starved than fully-fed (yeast extract + sugar fed) flies. Flies that fed once on thiamethoxam were killed more quickly than those that fed once on spinosad bait and spinosad.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, FARNAM WATER BASE FLY
    -,-", -s ~ .. ~-":i:~~:~': .",' . ,-, - .~r;:::- WATEABASE ~. :~--:::;-:~ - .. -. , ~',-'.c;,~.,,,,. FLY SPRAY FOR HOFIiS&\ j HIGH TECH HAlt I"ULlIarT" EXCEl! FNT FOR HORSE 8EN8rTIVE TO on. BABe flY SPRAYS . i 1 CONY'A1N8 LI88 ntAN 1" 01. , CONTAINS PYHEiiiW>18 , lEAVES NO OILY RESIDUE TO ATTRACT DWT READY·TO-USE To protect horse from Hom FIIas, Stable F.... Deer F.... MosqIlitoas. House F .... Harle fills, GnItI. andUce ) • ClfIfIIlnllfcn ActIN ,~ ".." the OtIginIII8nJnco t., 3",., • A WIlfw Silid IIIcto EmuIMHt wIfII "'.... Cl6w'" Scent * A COIIC.lblled Pyrallone. MIcro Emulsion * CIear-Stabia LeIMlS No Oily Or 0bjacII0nabIe Residues * EftectNe, FIIIl Actlng lns6cticide * K11s And Repels Biting Flies * For Use In Homes, Il'ISIkutlons, RaltaUl'BfU, Food Prot I I ling PIaU, Dairies, Livestock and Outdoors for MosqIlito Control * ror Contlol or Fleas And Brown Dog TicIcs On Premises And On PaIS * Apply With Conventional Mechanical Or Compressed Nt Equipment ACTIVE INGREDIENTS PyrethrIns........................................................ O.1 0% *PIparonyI Butoxlde, TechnIcaI ..................... 1.00%. 1 lNERTS INGREDENTS .............................. , ,98.902' . 100.00% * Equ;..aIant to min. o.a. (butyIcarbItyI) (~ attM.: and 0.21(, raIaled compounds. Do not trwlapOrt or store under 320F PYRENONE. RegIstered Trademark of FaIrIIaId AmelIca1 CorporaIioeI n " :) , ) KEEP OUT OF REAa-; OF CHLDREN , , , ,.I • , ,) .. CAUTION t ':~ L See beck panel for DiIIorIll '* ItIonI »,.." • • 1 ~ I ,.,~ .Jo' ,... t . .,:-,) NET CON'TENTS_ •. : , .' "'''' ".. • 'I ,...",.21' FlI.1III , .." .I ,•• .. Farnam's Water Base Fly Repel gives you the perfect show combination· a high·tech silicon shine and a pyrethrin fly repellent in one product. All the advantages of a silicon polish • detangles manes and tails quickly; a lustrous, healthy looking coat that shines like a winner; silicone formula repels dust and dirt and prevents stains from grass, urine, manure and latigo .
    [Show full text]