TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY r Kawag of discharge river Alibaba average of downstream Theand river river. Alibaba tributary its and river Kawag namely catchment METHODOLOGY facility and references study future for Area Forest Kawag in data development. baseline as serve study Ulu the o to supply water the since concern a is quality water The Na) Mg, (Ca, t excluding focuse the from supply water gravity receive office district forestry Sabah from supply namely SAFE 2015 al., and et (Nainar Area Conservation Valley Danum in studies previous by reported as such water the of turbidity and concentration sediment suspended of term in health stream the in ceased Segama 2015 as such factors many quality Water consumption. for solution only the became water river INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS: condition,much and better than most of the tropicalundisturbed forest elsewhere. repe been had it that background based IIA Class and I Class resul and cations Major Area. Forest ICP using analysed were Kawag metalsdissolved of rivers the in pH and turbidity, (DO), oxygen dissolved conductivity, pressure, in and solid suspended metals, dissolved Na), Mg, (Ca, cations major for analysed were quality water The Area. Forest Kawag of streams two in selected were stations sampling The parameters. ABSTRACT Sabah Reserve, Forest Malua Segama Ulu Area, Forest Kawag Forestin River Logged of Repeatedly PristineQuality Water A 6, Vol. Technology and Science on Transactions espectively. fc ad aa Danum Kawag and ffice I Received Received I ts show the concentrations trend of major cations in the order of Ca>Na>Mg>K of order the in cations major of trend concentrations the show ts ufc wtr s water Surface whe Sabah, of areas remote In ;
og t l, 2018 al., et Wong s
- Kawag n h assmn o te eetd ae qaiy aaees tts n aa Frs Area Forest Kawag in status parameters quality water selected the of assessment the on 14 August 2018 August 14 au Frs Rsre Te ra a lge svrl ie ad h lgig ciiis had activities logging the and times several logged was area The Reserve. Forest Malua
the
Water Water chemistry Forest of Kawag Area was studied the based on ionmajor che he biological he parameters
Hydrochemistry; Water Quality; Kawag Area Forest Water Research Unit Research Water
, suspended solid suspended , yea h slcin o smln sain wr bsd n h osrain f possible of observation the on based were stations sampling of selections The
r iver r 2007. r II Revised
;
s
Cleophas et al., 201 al., et Cleophas tate and its tributary Alibaba river. Alibaba tributary its and mls ee olce fo te an tem o Kwg oet Reserve Forest Kawag of streams main the from collected were amples eoetto, cie land active deforestation, . aa Frs Ae i a eodr frs lctd nie 4, 0 h Ulu ha 000 242, inside located forest secondary a is Area Forest Kawag ).
High soil erosion rate in most tropical rainforest especially Sabah can affect can Sabah especiallyrainforest tropical most in rate erosion soil High 25 February 2019 February 25 , on w Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Mala Universiti Resources, Naturaland ofScience Faculty F ater Feona Isidore Isidore h Ntoa Wtr ult Sadrs o Mlyi (WS) Dsie f h forest the of Despite (NWQSM). Malaysia for Standards Quality Water National the orest orest
No. atedly logged, the water quality in Kawag Forest Area is unexpectedly in pristine pristine in unexpectedly is Area Forest Kawag in quality water the logged, atedly #Corresponding Author #Corresponding
1
in the river water and and water river the in d et al. et , 48 epartment L
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in thewhile OES . re II Accepted Accepted II odge is is odge 53 2019. The ,
2019 rae wtrspl s nvial,otn h dikbe raw drinkable the often unavailable, is supply water treated
Transactions on Science and Technology. and Science on Transactions during the sampling were sampling the during 7
Parameterswereaimed bethat to ).
28 February 2019February 28 There are two main rivers in Kawag Conservation Area Conservation Kawag in rivers main two are There , Kawag , s from . E # , - Mail Fera Cleophas
- : un situ parameters were tested using YSI multiparameters.YSI using tested were parameters situ eeomn ad ad ovrin Hrn t al., et (Harun conversion land and development
[email protected] - Due to the absence of connecting treated water treated connecting of absence the to Due D treated ; II Online Online II
anum Ulu i n - - Segama Malua situ water physico water situ 3 April 2019 April 3 -
ysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA Sabah, Kinabalu, Kota 88400 UMS, Jalan Sabah, ysia situ physico situ
ae source water F upstream of upstream orest
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Pak Pak Yan Moh
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of a river a of chemical parameters: chemical
Logged Logged Fore The rivers are classified between between classified are rivers The
ma Malua Malua ma Tu, h rsls f this of results the Thus, .
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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015). environment is water river selectedstations majorin cations and metals dissolved of concentration for results the and 1 Table in tabulated is point ANDRESULT DISCUSSION 105°C temperaturewith until 0.4 filtered were samples water The method. gravimetric using measured was solid suspended (ICP Spectrometry Pe using analysed multiparametersYSIusing thefield in measured werepH andturbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pressure, temperature, parameters: quality water situ vali the ensure to sample each for taken were water.replicates distilled Two and bath acid 10% with prewashed were that bottles polyethylene using collected locations. water receive which river Resort Danum Kawag Stat (KDRL). for point Lodge intake source water the is it and river Alibaba of upstream the at (N05 S4 Station river. Kawag with merged river Alibaba the (N05riverKawagS2whileupstreamstationof the contaminationand practicality collectingof samples 5
physico for statistics The campaigns sampling four were There µm Whatman GF/C filter paper and vacuum pump vacuum and paper filter GF/C Whatman µm
Figure1. in unexpectedly in a in unexpectedly
tropical region (e.g. Douglas, 199 Douglas, (e.g. region tropical - OES) according to the Standard Methods recommended by APHA (2005). APHA by recommended Methods Standard the to according OES) kn le Otm 50D Idciey ope Plasma Coupled Inductively 5300DV Optima Elmer rkin ion S3 (N05 S3 ion
Thelocationsthe of samplingstations Kawagat the Fore discharge Isidor a -
chemical parameters of parameters chemical e constantweight
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pristine 03’ 02.1” 03’ ,
2019. from the resort drainage. Figure 1 shows the map of sampling of map the shows 1 Figure drainage. resort the from
are ISSN 2289 ISSN
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tabulated in Table 2.Table tabulated in condition. ,
are ot rm 25 from out carried 117 - 8786. 8786.
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58’ 15.9”) is located at the downstream of Alibaba of downstream the at located is 15.9”) 58’ http://tost.unise.org/ 3 ° ; Mokhtar et al., 200 al., et Mokhtar ;
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- h smls were samples The logged over forest over logged quality pia Emission Optical , suspended solid suspended ,
h sampling h for an
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using Total wer oven
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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY eur cnetoa wtr treatment water conventional require of Alibabariverand upstream of for NWQSM 2004; al., et al., andMokhtar 2008 Andamanal. et 201 Deramakot and mg/L) (7.89 river Eucalyptus mg/L), DO the to similaralmost were samples from river Alibaba of upstream have stations area data pressure the to The According elevation. area. sampling the in mmHg during recorded 750.5 the to during 747.3 from 30.2°C varies and value 26.2°C sampling between the throughout weather hot ranged the of regardless period temperature sampling water surface The concentration. waves. and ripples by caused was samples that water water and air atmosphere across oxygen of transfer 2002) e few the to source water a Sabah(Mokhtar etal., 200 Eucaluptus 2004)al., Conservation Area, Sabah(Lee et Tembaling uug eo Frs Reserve, Pahang( Forest Pahang Benom Gunung Merapoh, (Nadaraja Reserve, Relau 2012)al., TemenggorReserve( Forest Forest Rara Reserve, Sabah( Gunung Northern (Rahimetal., 2002) Sabah rivers, park range Crocker ( Sabah Reserve, Forest Deramakot (Cleophaset Liwagu Kawag The in The Forest Andaman Area to . the downstream of downstream the vrnetl aibe sc a temperatur as such variables nvironmental The ae h lws pesr cmae t te te smln sain. w o te sampling the of Two stations. sampling other the to compared pressure lowest the have
river - DO in moving water tend water moving in DO
Lion situ parametersweremeasured situ that at river h , , 201
Upstream Alibabariver river Upstream Kawagriver DO etal, 2012) river Downstream Alibaba DO
Downstream Kawag Locations
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of Class I Class of river river e
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Kawag Danum Rainforest Lodge Rainforest Danum Kawag
(S3) (S2) result
Table 1 Table 8 Alibaba , 2015) , ) ;
from Lion while two of the samples were classified as Class IIA which w which IIA Class as classified were samples the of two while Isidor where
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Temp
to have to 27.68 23.76 24.04 22.30 22.33 22.52 23.65 27.35 ISSN 2289 ISSN 30.2 26.2 (°C) o DO for and
Transactions on Science and Technology. and Science on Transactions level - - - river
is downstream of downstreamof
in Liwagu in -
7.0 8786. 8786. arethe described betterthan standardand . However, high concentration of of concentration high However, . a higher value compared to stagnant water stagnant to comparedvalue higher (mg/L) mg/L. Therefore, the water source water the Therefore, mg/L. http://tost.unise.org/ 15.22
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(mS/cm) benchmarkthat
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n mvn water moving and (NTU) 12.28 period period 60.9 2.48 1.45 4.63 6.13 1.9 1.1 2 - - - -
had had
of been DO while the while (mg/L) Kawag 38.02 TSS s 27.2 8. 1.9 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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in these in
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due to the to due river (7.52river upstream river and river ere 6.335
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do not
taken
river The in 50
TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY h aiiy f ae t alw lcrc urn t fo. h vle f C niae the indicates EC of value The flow. to current electric allow to water of ability the readings. situ in the by indicated as locations different at mS/cm 0.195 pristine its condition torecuperate to ablenaturally is thatit shown had Area ForestKawag riverin Therefore,the water. result Concentration Drinking below well be to metals dissolved of concentration solid suspended the in enrichment metal than mg/ 8.5 Reserve in water Basin Maliau the penetrate easily forest undisturbed can light the compared because water 2007). (Kale, water the in occur the can photosynthesis in DO encourage the below are stations sampling solids water the that water the in solidsandsuspended dissolved sediment suspended low and properties, soil porosity, as 2010). t ( NTU Relau 1.01 Basin, theother to compared lower = NotND Detected preventedby using non water urbidity Sample
W2 W1 S3 S2 S1 eaao Frs Reserve Forest Deramakot The E The turbidityThe
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river intake indicated The l The Lion Blta a (Bilotta
Downstream Kawag Kawag Forest Reserve.ForestKawag parameter river(water intake Upstream Upstream Kawag
lectrical - to the minimally disturbed river in Liwagu 1.9 mg/L (Cleophas et al., 2013) al., et (Cleophas mg/L 1.9 Liwagu in river disturbedminimally the to
4.48 NTU (Mokhtar et al., 200 al., et (MokhtarNTU 4.48 ow turbidityow Forest Reserve, 6.13 NTU ( NTU6.13 Reserve, Forest Alibabariver t l, 2010) al., et Pipewater
point will point Location 4.19 s point) river river s minimally is
of Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn and Pb Zn, Cu, of L (Andaman, 2015) (Andaman, L d rze, 2008) Brazier, nd that Table 2.Table -
result Alibaba 5.13 mg/L 5.13 C
uh as such onductivity (EC) onductivity is animportantsuspendedindicatorsediment is of in .
there
- higher a have
for corrodiblepipelinematerials result
n Cokr ag Pr rvr, 38.9 rivers, Park range Crocker and Dissolved 0.0145 0.0148 0.0485 0.0820 0.0119 is a very a is
Isidor the the ebln rvr 6.17 river Tembaling
Fe (Mokhtar et al., 200 al., (Mokhtaret fetd y isle ognc atr uh s ann ad suspended and tannins as such matter organic dissolved by affected turbidity
in the in e samples
72 gL Admn 201 (Andaman, mg/L 27.2 et al. et Heavy metal was analysed to determine whether there is any heavyany therewhetherdetermine is to analysed wasmetal Heavy
0.0011 0.0068 0.0110 0.0006 eeto limit detection .
Mn ND , . The . codn t te eut the result, the to According
2019. metals to little
values in the river sampling stations rariversamplingthestations values in
water samples might also be due to the geological factors such factorsgeological the to due bealso might samples water risk of corrosion to the pipelines. The risk of corrosion can be can corrosion of risk The pipelines. the to corrosion of risk were Nadaraja values from undisturbed and logged forest loggedand undisturbedfrom values ISSN 2289 ISSN
Transactions on Science and Technology. and Science on Transactions
0.0035 0.0119 0.0094 0.0127 0.0064
was suspended solid suspended 8 Se ), Temenggor forest reserve, 12.28 NTU ( NTU 12.28 reserve, forest Temenggor ), concentration(mg/L) selectedin stations Hwvr al f h aaye samples analysed the of all However, .
below detection limit in some of the sampling site samplingthe of some in limit detection below
none range
thus - 8786. 8786. 0.0063 0 0.0023 0.0035 .0017 ND h Pb 8 river these in characteristic solid suspended Low .
-
) http://tost.unise.org/
et al, 2012) al, et l
04 m/ (e e a. 20) Eclpu river Eucalyptus 2004), al., et (Lee mg/L 10.46
influence of metals to the suspended solid in the in solid suspended the to metals of influence d
ow value of turbidity value of ow and
The from 1.1 to 1.9NTU1.1tofrom which 0.0022 0.0024 0.0020 0.0021 0.0026 (Jung et al,(Junget 2009) Cr
also river in river also result
result in rivers above was reported higher reported was above rivers in result in the water. Turbidity is affected by bothby affected is Turbidity water. the in
5 0.0056 , Gunung Benom Forest Reserve, 0.3 Reserve,Forest BenomGunung , ; n Nrhr Gnn Rr Forest Rara Gunung Northern and ); ND ND ND ND Cu
Water -
0. NU ( NTU 105.3 of suspended solid suspended of
6 aus o ssedd oi i the in solid suspended for values (1), 0.0052 0.0471
ND ND ND Zn previously logged forest previously logged 48 Quality Standards of Malaysia. of Standards Quality
- .
53
The the water the
result 1.3040 1.1227 1.0337 1.3373 1.2263 K ai e a. 2002). al., et Rahim
EC EC andbetween0.114 nged
in the the in was was 10.1023 parameter 4.9368 4.4818 6.2774 4.4796 Mg
(HueyandMeyer,
such as in as such in this study this in Lion
consideredbeto
samples
show
6.7197 6.5748 5.3422 8.0341 6.7509 and rivers in rivers and
Na et al., 2012); al., et rsne of presence oy thus body
measures
that
such as such Maliau
11.4862 10.9848 12.9772 11.9670 11.3842 shows s . Th . Ca
was The - the
8.6
of 51 e
TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] REFERENCES the for Lodge Rainforest Danum Kawag of staff the thank hospitalityand researchers who assisted throughoutus tothe like would We research. this out Segama Ulu rivers, authoTheSabah.ForestReserve, Area Malua Forest Kawag the at Committee Management Valley Danum by funded ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS producing downstream show rivers Kawag and Alibaba the of parameters existing the at analysis for which(NWQSM) Malaysia Lodge CONCLUSION asmoderatelyclassified hard mg/L(60 tomg/L) 120 thebyUSGS classification guidelines for except water mg/L. 60 below guidelines classification USGS general concentration The processes. weathering rock by contributed mainly Kawag for except ( mS/cm 0.100 reserve The source. pollution of lack and va rivers water the of river characteristic in natural the value to EC due be low might The samples sodium. and magnesium calcium, of sulphates and carbonates water. river the in salts dissolved lue is comparable to, Tembaling river 0.197 river Tembaling to, comparable is lue
hs eoti bsdo te aa oet cetfc xlrto hl n 23 on held Exploration Scientific Forest Kawag the on based is report This Kawag that found study This Douglas, I., Greer, T., Bidin, K. K. Bidin, T., Greer, I., Douglas, 449 Selectively in Erosion Soil and ValleySabah,Malaysia.DanumOVerForest, Runoff logged (2017). K. Bidin, M, P. How, B., Musta, F., Cleophas, Sabah,Tambunan, Malaysia. K. Lee, F., Isidore, F., Cleophas, of Influence the Understanding (2008). QualityWater and Aquatic Biota. E. R. Brazier, & S., G. Bilotta, Malaysia. WashingtonD.C: American HealthPublic Sabah,Association. of Department APHA. Forestry Kinabalu: 02015 Kota (NGR). ( Rara Gunung Northern Andam 7 S http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/GunungRara/Pages/Water%20Quality%20Report%20NGR%2
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h ted s aM>a Tee he ele three These Ca>Mg>Na. is trend the s
et al., 2012 al., et In .
Isidor demonstrates Sta and e conclusion tion S2 tion
f et al. et
or consumptionor osbe ae source water possible - Journalof tropicalbiology and conservation & ls IA ae o te ainl ae Qaiy tnad for Standards Quality Water National the on based IIA Class The ,
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& sa, A. Osman,
). The trend of major ions in ions major of trend The ). H.
ISSN 2289 ISSN
WaterResearch,
Spilsbury, M. Spilsbury, taken at the downstream of Kawag of downstreamthe at taken dissolved Transactions on Science and Technology. and Science on Transactions rs are thankful to the organizers for the opportunity tothecarryopportunity for thankfulthetoorganizers are rs o te Examination the for
& n is rbtre aon te aa Dnm Rainfor Danum Kawag the around tributaries its and a healthy a ,
eadeso te ilgcl parameters, biological the of regardless Bidin, K. Bidin, - 8786. 8786. - 0.203 mS/cm (Lee et al., 2004) and Temenggor Forest Temenggor and 2004) al., et (Lee mS/cm 0.203 . ( http://tost.unise.org/
2015 salts in salts
forest
( a ( 1993 42 ) 2013
. s arw aito fo te ptem o the to upstream the from variation narrow Most of the of Most , Report on the Assessment of Water Quality in Quality Water of Assessment the on Report
f h ri the of 2849 river ecosystem. Transactionson and Science Technology ) ) scientific . Impacts of of Impacts .
. Water Quality Status of Liwagu River, Liwagu of Status Quality Water . f ae ad Wastewater and Water of
- GlobalEcologyand Biogeography Letters
2861. water are water
6 (1), ver et ae oul ctos which cations soluble are ments s ampling stations ampling
48
expedition. samples were classified as soft as classified were samples s
T s -
A ubr f ae quality water of number A .
53 he water samples were takenwere samples water he of Mg and Ca Ca and Mg of R
ainforest , usually dominated usually
10 r iver. Station S2 water is is water S2 Station iver. ,
67 Suspended Solids on on Solids Suspended
- rd 73.
L o 29 to ogging on ogging
hs rivers these ar
are ( e 21 th C .
st under the under a 2016 May a>Na>Mg
ed
by ition) R , 4 iver are the (4), est 52 - , .
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ifferent , Proceedings of a Boulder SymposiBoulder aofProceedings
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, ( M. H., M. 2004 , 2 D
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6 228.
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