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(Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas

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(Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida September 1988 Zoogeography, Ecology, and Systematics of the Genus Rhagovelia Mayr (Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas John T. Polhemus University of Colorado Museum, Englewood, Colorado Dan A. Polhemus U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Polhemus, John T. and Polhemus, Dan A., "Zoogeography, Ecology, and Systematics of the Genus Rhagovelia Mayr (Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas" (1988). Insecta Mundi. 492. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/492 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 2, nos. 3 & 4, Sept./Dec. 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 161 Zoogeography, Ecology, and Systematics of the Genus Rhagovelia Mayr (Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas. John T. Polhemus Dan A. Polhemus University of Colorado Museum Department of Entomology 3115 South York St. U.S. National Museum of Natural History Englewood, Colorado 80110 USA Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560 Table of Contents sondaica n. sp. .............................. 188 sulawesiana n. sp. ............................ 198 Abstract ...................................... 161 tawau n. sp. ................................ 187 Introduction ..................................162 tebakang n. sp. .............................. 186 Locality Data .................................. 162 unica n. sp. ................................ 195 Morphology .................................. 163 wallacein.sp................................ 203 Species Groups ................................ 164 Literature Cited ............................ 209 Zoogeography ................................. 168 Figures ................................... 212 Ecology ...................................... 173 Acknowledgments .............................. 175 Abstract Key to species ................................. 176 Species Descriptions ............................ 179 The genus Rhugovelia is revised for the region ambonensis ................................. 197 comprising Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Rede- bacanensis n. sp. ............................. 192 scriptions are given for species previously described borneensis n. sp. .............................. 183 from the area, and 26 new species are described. celebensis n. sp. .............................. 199 Figures of the dorsal habitus and key characters are christenseni n. sp. ............................. 201 provided for all species, accompanied by a key to grayi n. sp. .................................207 species and distribution maps. Species occurring in the harndjahi n. sp. 194 .............................. region are divided into eight monophyletic intra- incognita n, sp. ..............................179 kawakamii ..................................206 generic species groups, some of which also contain lorelinduana n. sp. ............................208 members outside the region, based primarily on wing meikdelyi n. sp. ...............................202 venation, thoracic morphology, and genitalia. A zoo- melanopsis n. sp. .............................181 geographic analysis is presented based on the distribu- minahasa n. sp. ..............................205 tion of these groups within the Malay Archipelago and obi n. sp. ...................................193 surrounding regions. We conclude that the present pruinosa n. sp. ............................... 195 Rhugovelia fauna of the Malay Archipelago is derived ranuu n. sp. ................................. 180 from species which originated in continental Southeast sabela n. sp. 191 ................................. Asia, Australia, and New Caledonia. Distinct lineages samardaca n. sp. .............................200 samarinda n. sp. ............................. 186 have entered the region from each of these three source sarawakensis n. sp. ............................ 190 areas, penetrating the archipelago with differing de- silau n. sp. .................................. 184 grees of success and contributing to the fauna of each simulata n. sp. ............................... 182 individual island to varying extents. Species groups of J.T. Polhemus and D.A. Polhemus: Rhugovelia Pages: 161-230 162 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, nos. 3 & 4, Sept./Dec. 1988 Asian origin do not extend beyond Celebes and the material, mainly from our expeditions supported by Lesser Sunda islands, while species groups of Papuan the National Geographic Society, that will more than origin are absent in the Lesser Sundas and do not ex- double the number of Old World species, and for some tend west of Borneo. Endemic species groups have also islands or island groups increase the known fauna by arisen on New Guinea, the Philippines, the north ten-fold or more, e.g. New Guinea, the Solomons, Bor- Moluccas, and Borneo. A section on ecology and be- neo and Celebes. havior is provided, dealing in particular with the al- titudinal segregation of species on individual islands. Locality Data The following new Rhagovelia species are The area covered by this revision includes the is- described: bacanensis, borneensis, celebensis, christenseni, lands of Borneo, Celebes, Halmahera, Bacan, Morotai, grayi, hamdjahi, incognita, lorelinduana, meikdelyi, melanop- Obi, and Ambon. Borneo is divided between three sis, minahasa, obi, pruinosa, ranau, sabela, samardaca, sam- countries; Malaysia, Indonesia, and the tiny sultanate arinda, sarawakensis, silau, simulata, sondaica, sulawesiana, of Brunei; all of the remaining islands are completely tawau, tebakang, unica, and wallacei. Rhugovelia mindana- within the boundaries of Indonesia. Malaysian Borneo, oensis Hungerford and Matsuda 1961 is synonymized referred to as East Malaysia in this report, occupies the with Rhagovelia orientalis Lundblad 1937 (new syn- western portion of the island and is divided into two onymy). states, Sarawak in the southwest and Sabah in the north. Indonesian Borneo is known as Kalimantan and is Introduction divided into four provinces, of which we have seen Small water striders of the genus Rhugovelia are material from only one, Kalimantan Timur (East Kali- nearly ubiquitous in upland tropical streams through- mantan). Indonesian provinces, which are the equi- out the world, yet the last revisor of the group for the valent of American states, are further subdivided into Old World was Lundblad (1936). Since then various administrative units known as kabupatens, which are workers have dealt with Asian and Indo-Pacific Rhag- roughly equivalent to American counties. Where pos- ovelia species, i.e. Andersen (1965), Drake (1948), Hun- sible we have included the names of the kabupatens in gerford and Matsuda (1961), Lundblad (1937), our locality data to aid future researchers in more ac- Polhemus (1979), Polhemus and Herring (1970a, curately locating our collecting sites. A locality reading 1970b) and Polhemus and Reisen (1976), but except for "INDONESIA, Ambon, Maluku Prov., Kab. Maluku the Philippines (Hungerford and Matsuda 1961) none Tengah thus gives the country, the island, the of these were revisionary works. Brown (1956), Hober- province and the kabupaten. landt (1941,1951), Poisson (1942,1948,1949,1951,1952, Several of the islands in the Moluccas have alter- 1955a, 1955b,1958),and Sallier Dupin (1976,1979)have native names or spellings in the older literature. Hal- dealt with the species from Africa, Madagascar and ad- mahera was formerly referred to as Gilolo, and Bacan jacent islands so that this fauna is better known, but has been variously spelled as Batchan, Bachian, Batjan, there is still a need for a modern revision, since there and Batchian. Similarly, Amboina is a frequently en- are undescribed taxa in these regions, and no complete countered spelling for Ambon, and Mority is an older key to the species exists. When we began collecting spelling for Morotai. In most cases we have employed Rhagovelia in the islands of the Malay Archipelago we the modern Indonesian spellings for islands and towns, soon realized that this part of the world contained an though we have retained the name Celebes for the is- extremely diverse and almost entirely unreported land the Indonesians now call Sulawesi. fauna, whose analysis would offer valuable clues to the Distribution maps are provided for all species zoogeography of the region. This report is thus in- treated in this report. The maps of Borneo, Celebes, tended to fill a major gap in the systematics of the genus, and the Moluccas are all drawn to the same scale, based and to offer hypotheses as to how the species attained on a Bartholomew 1:5,800,000 map of Southeast Asia. their present distribution. In cases where several collection localities were in close This is the first of a series of papers in which we proximity, a single symbol has been used to indicate the intend to revise the genus Rhagovelia a region at a time general area. Due to the many species present in a small for the Old World. We feel justified in this approach area on Mt. Kinabalu,
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