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Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Facultad De Agronomía Área Integrada

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Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Facultad De Agronomía Área Integrada UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA ÁREA INTEGRADA TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN BOSQUE NATURAL, PRODUCCIÓN COMERCIAL Y CONTROL DE LA PLAGA DEL PULGÓN Mindarus guatemalensis EN Abies guatemalensis Rehder, EN EL ALTIPLANO OCCIDENTAL DE GUATEMALA JONATHAN SAMUEL REYNOSO DUARTE GUATEMALA, NOVIEMBRE DE 2008 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA ÁREA INTEGRADA TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN BOSQUE NATURAL, PRODUCCIÓN COMERCIAL Y CONTROL DE LA PLAGA DEL PULGÓN Mindarus guatemalensis EN Abies guatemalensis Rehder, EN EL ALTIPLANO OCCIDENTAL DE GUATEMALA PRESENTADO A LA HONORABLE JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA POR JONATHAN SAMUEL REYNOSO DUARTE EN EL ACTO DE INVESTIDURA COMO INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO EN RECURSOS NATURALES RENOVABLES EN EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE LICENCIADO GUATEMALA, NOVIEMBRE DE 2008 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA RECTOR LIC. CARLOS ESTUARDO GÁLVEZ BARRIOS JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA DECANO MSc. Francisco Javier Vásquez Vásquez VOCAL PRIMERO Ing. Agr. Waldemar Nufio Reyes VOCAL SEGUNDO Ing. Agr. Walter Arnoldo Reyes Sanabria VOCAL TERCERO MSc. Danilo Ernesto Dardón Ávila VOCAL CUARTO Br. Rigoberto Morales Ventura VOCAL QUINTO Br. Miguel Armando Salazar Donis SECRETARIO MSc. Edwin Enrique Cano Morales GUATEMALA, NOVIEMBRE DE 2008. Guatemala, noviembre de 2008 Honorable Junta Directiva Honorable Tribunal Examinador Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Honorables miembros: De conformidad con las normas establecidas por la Ley Orgánica de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, tengo el honor de someter a vuestra consideración el trabajo de graduación titulado “BOSQUE NATURAL, PRODUCCIÓN COMERCIAL Y CONTROL DE LA PLAGA DEL PULGÓN Mindarus guatemalensis EN Abies guatemalensis Rehder, EN EL ALTIPLANO OCCIDENTAL DE GUATEMALA”, como requisito previo a optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en Recursos Naturales Renovables, en el grado académico de Licenciado. Esperando que el mismo llene los requisitos necesarios para su aprobación, me es grato suscribirme. Atentamente, “ID Y ENSEÑAD A TODOS” JONATHAN SAMUEL REYNOSO DUARTE ACTO QUE DEDICO A: Dios: Por sobre todas las cosas. Mi padres: Lorna Eunice Duarte Palma de Pérez, por ser mi guía, mi protectora, el ejemplo a seguir y por ser sobre todo la fuente inagotable de fuerza y amor. Edin Reynoso y Rony Pérez, mis dos figuras paternas, gracias por al apoyo. Mis hermanos: Lorna, Cesia y Sergio, por el amor y el apoyo incondicional brindado siempre y con motivación para seguir adelante. Mis abuelos: Manuel Reynoso Trujillo, Ernestina Baños de Reynoso (Q.E.P.D.), Everardo Duarte Guerra, Lilí Palma de Duarte, por el amor, las bendiciones y sus sabios consejos. Mis tíos: Eugenia Reynoso (Q.E.P.D.), Elizabeth Reynoso, Clara Duarte, Rosa Duarte, Liliana Duarte y Vinicio Duarte, por el cariño y la inspiración brindada. Mis primos: Débora, Francisco, Gabriela, José Manuel, Mariangela, Johan, Erick, Samuel, Hiram, Joshua, Andrea, Analí, Daphne, Maria Elena, Rodrigo y Natalia, por el cariño. Mis sobrinos: Gabriela, Juliana y Julio, con mucho amor. Las familias: Díaz Duarte por ser mi segunda familia y por la ayuda incondicional brindada a lo largo de la carrera y Ordóñez Medina por abrirme las puertas, compartir y por sus oportunos consejos. Mis amigos: En especial a Francisco Valle, Hugo Flores, Hiram Ordóñez, Francisco Aguilar, Jorge Robles, Paulo Ortiz, Adalberto López, Saúl Fernández, Renato de León, Gamaliel Martínez, Mauricio Hernández, Mario Ágreda, Leonel Castellanos, Abel Túchez, Juan González, Daniel Herrera, Wilner Valle, Ariel Valle, Roberto Aldana, Boris Salguero, Marilyn Godoy, Amarilis Yoc y Regina Valiente. TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN QUE DEDICO A: DIOS Mi familia Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Poptún, Petén Proyecto Pinabete FAUSAC-KVL, en especial al Dr. Pablo Prado, Ing. Agr. Juan José Castillo, Ing. Agr. Oscar Medinilla, David Mendieta y Pedro Chacón, por la oportunidad de trabajar juntos y aprender de las vivencias. Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (CONAP), Dirección Regional Altiplano Occidental: Ing. Agr. Mario Morales, Lic. Alan Marroquín, Ing. Agr. Jesús Wanam, Ing. Agr. Víctor Ochoa, Ing. For. Leyder Gómez, Lester Enríquez y Gabriela Rodas; por el constante apoyo en la realización del Ejercicio Profesional Supervisado y en especial en la realización de las actividades que culminaron con la elaboración de este documento. Proyecto de Apoyo a la Reconversión Directa para la Alimentación (PARPA), Región Altiplano Occidental, especialmente a Emanuel Vásquez, Ing. Agr. Jorge Albizures y Luís Reyes, por el apoyo a las actividades realizadas. Sistema de Prevención y Control de Incendios Forestales (SIPECIF), especialmente al Ing. Agr. Oscar Velásquez, delegado departamental de Quetzaltenango, por todo el apoyo en la realización de este estudio. Asociación Nacional de Productores de Pinabete de Guatemala (ANPROPIGUA), muy especialmente al Sr. Carlos Rudy Escobar, por la valiosa contribución al estudio y sobre todo por la amistad, el apoyo moral incondicional y los sabios consejos. AGRADECIMIENTO ESPECIAL A: El personal de los Departamentos de Áreas Protegidas y Medio Ambiente de las municipalidades de Quetzaltenango, Cantel y Zunil, especialmente a Max Von Anshelm, ayuda imprescindible en la realización del ejercicio profesional. Subárea de Manejo de Suelo y Agua, especialmente al Ing. Agr. Tomás Padilla, Ing. Agr. Hugo Tobías, Ing. Agr. Marvin Salguero, por el tiempo de trabajo ameno y constructivo. Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, especialmente a: Ing. Agr. Guillermo Santos, Ing. Agr. Daunno Chew, Ing. Agr. Jorge Gómez, por la oportunidad otorgada y por compartir estos dos años de labor dentro de la facultad. Ing. Agr. Edwin Cano e Ing. Agr. Carlos López por la amistad, los sabios consejos y el apoyo en las actividades diarias. Ing. Agr. Álvaro Hernández, Dra. Charlotte Nielsen, Inga. Agr. Mónica Aldana e Ing. Agr. Oscar Valenzuela, por el apoyo en la asesoría y en el análisis de los datos de la investigación. Ing. Agr. Ezequiel López e Ing. Agr. Darvin González, por el apoyo y la contribución durante la supervisión del Ejercicio Profesional Supervisado y en la elaboración de este trabajo. i INDICE DE CONTENIDO INDICE DE FIGURAS ............................................................................................................................................iii INDICE DE CUADROS ...........................................................................................................................................v RESUMEN..............................................................................................................................................................vi CAPÍTULO I. DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA SITUACIÓN SILVICULTURAL Y FITOSANITARIA DE DIEZ PLANTACIONES VOLUNTARIAS DE PINABETE (Abies guatemalensis Rehder) Y CARÁCTERÍSTICAS SOCIOECONÓMICAS DEL CULTIVO, EN LOS DEPARTAMENTOS DE QUETZALTENANGO, SAN MARCOS Y CHIMALTENANGO. .............................................................................1 1. INTRODUCCIÓN.................................................................................................................................................2 2. MARCO REFERENCIAL ....................................................................................................................................3 2.1 Aspectos generales del cultivo del pinabete.................................................................................................3 2.1.1 Descripción de la especie.....................................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Aspectos legales en torno la especie...................................................................................................6 2.1.4 Plantaciones Voluntarias .....................................................................................................................8 3. OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................................................................10 3.1 Objetivo general ..........................................................................................................................................10 3.2 Objetivos específicos ..................................................................................................................................10 4. METODOLOGÍA ...............................................................................................................................................11 4.1 Fase preliminar de gabinete........................................................................................................................11 4.2 Fase de campo ...........................................................................................................................................11 4.3 Fase final de gabinete.................................................................................................................................12 5. RESULTADOS..................................................................................................................................................13 5.1 Prácticas silviculturales...............................................................................................................................13 5.2 Otros aspectos silviculturales......................................................................................................................18
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