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Concentrating Solar Thermal Technology Status CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY STATUS INFORMING A CSP ROADMAP FOR AUSTRALIA AUGUST 2018 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technology Status About ITP The ITP Energised Group, formed in 1981, is a specialist renewable energy, energy efficiency and carbon markets consulting company. The group has offices and projects throughout the world. IT Power (Australia) was established in 2003 and has undertaken a wide range of projects, including designing grid-connected renewable power systems, providing advice for government policy, feasibility studies for large, off-grid power systems, developing micro-finance models for community-owned power systems in developing countries and modelling large-scale power systems for industrial use. ITP Thermal Pty Ltd was established in early 2016 as a new company within the ITP Energised group, with a mandate to lead solar thermal projects globally. In doing so it accesses staff and resources in the other ITP Energised group companies as appropriate. About this report This report is ITP’s input on CSP industry background to a Roadmap study lead by Jeanes Holland and associates working with ITP. Energeia and Flinders University AITA. This report serves as a technical appendix to the roadmap and it can also be read as a stand alone document. ii ITP/T0036 – Informing a CSP Roadmap for Australia August 2018 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technology Status Report Control Record Document prepared by: IT P Thermal Pty Limited 19 Moore Street, Turner, ACT, 2612, Australia PO Box 6127, O’Connor, ACT, 2602, Australia Tel. +61 2 6257 3511 Fax. +61 2 6257 3611 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.itpau.com.au Document Control Report title Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technology Status Client Contract No. 21/12/2017 ITP Project Number T0036 File path G:\Work\0Projects\ Thermal Projects\T0036 CSP Roadmap\ ITP_CSPRoadmap1.0.docx Jeanes Holland and Client Associates / Australian Client Contact D Holland / D Zaal Renewable Energy Agency Rev Date Status Author/s Project Manager Approved K Lovegrove, R Bader, D Fernandez, K 1.0 4/3/2018 Draft K Lovegrove K Lovegrove Urkalan. 2.0 25/4/2018 Draft K Lovegrove, R Bader, D Fernandez, K K Lovegrove K Lovegrove Urkalan. 3.0 17/8/2018 Final K Lovegrove, R Bader, D Fernandez, K K Lovegrove K Lovegrove Urkalan. A person or organisation choosing to use documents prepared by ITP Thermal Pty Ltd accepts the following: a) Conclusions and figures presented in draft documents are subject to change. ITP Thermal Pty Ltd accepts no responsibility for their use outside of the original report. b) The document is only to be used for purposes explicitly agreed to by ITP Thermal Pty Ltd. c) All responsibility and risks associated with the use of this report lie with the person or organisation who chooses to use it. ITP/T0036 – Informing a CSP Roadmap for Australia iii August 2018 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technology Status CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 9 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 20 2. CSP TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................. 21 2.1. Concentrator types.............................................................................................. 23 2.2. Electricity Generation .......................................................................................... 31 2.3. Thermal Energy Storage ..................................................................................... 39 3. GLOBAL STATUS .................................................................................................... 43 3.1. Installed Capacity................................................................................................ 43 3.2. System reliability ................................................................................................. 44 3.3. Key commercial players ...................................................................................... 48 3.4. Key countries ...................................................................................................... 52 4. SERVICES AND BENEFITS ..................................................................................... 60 4.1. Firm capacity ...................................................................................................... 60 4.2. Carbon Emission Savings ................................................................................... 62 4.3. Moving energy sales to high demand periods ..................................................... 62 4.4. Ancillary services ................................................................................................ 63 4.5. Whole electrical network avoided cost ................................................................ 63 4.6. Community / society benefits .............................................................................. 64 4.7. Option / hedging value ........................................................................................ 68 4.8. Combining values ............................................................................................... 68 5. CSP ACTIVITY IN AUSTRALIA ............................................................................... 70 5.1. Installed CSP systems ........................................................................................ 70 5.2. ARENA funded R&D ........................................................................................... 78 5.3. Previous studies of CSP potential in Australia .................................................... 80 5.4. ARENA’s CST Request for Information .............................................................. 92 5.5. Summary ............................................................................................................ 94 6. CSP POWER STATION PERFORMANCE AND REQUIREMENTS ........................ 95 6.1. Solar Resource ................................................................................................... 95 6.2. Performance of CSP Technologies ..................................................................... 96 6.3. Environmental considerations ........................................................................... 105 6.4. Water use ......................................................................................................... 106 iv ITP/T0036 – Informing a CSP Roadmap for Australia August 2018 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technology Status 6.5. Land area .......................................................................................................... 107 6.6. Staffing levels ................................................................................................... 109 6.7. Construction time .............................................................................................. 111 7. COST OF CSP ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA .............................................................. 112 7.1. Levelised Cost of Energy .................................................................................. 112 7.2. Cost Structure ................................................................................................... 112 7.3. Examination of LCOE sensitivity ....................................................................... 122 7.4. Comparison with other dispatchable renewable generation technologies ........ 126 8. FUTURE TRENDS .................................................................................................. 128 8.1. Growth Trends .................................................................................................. 128 8.2. Cost Reduction Potential .................................................................................. 133 8.3. Technology R&D areas ..................................................................................... 141 9. CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................... 147 10. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 149 APPENDIX A. LCOE METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 155 ITP/T0036 – Informing a CSP Roadmap for Australia v August 2018 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technology Status LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AC Alternating current AEMO Australian Energy Market Operator AITI Australian Industrial Transformation Institute (Flinders University) ANU Australian National University APPA Spanish Renewable Energies Association ARENA Australian Renewable Energy Agency ASI Australian Solar Institute ASTRI Australian Solar Thermal Research Institute AU Australian AUD Australian Dollar AZ Arizona BOM Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) BOP Balance of Plant CAGR Compound average growth rate CC Combined cycle CERC Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (India) CHP Combined Heat and Power CLFR Compact linear Fresnel reflector CO2 Carbon dioxide COAG Council of Australian Governments CPV Concentrator Photovoltaics CRC Cooperative Research Centre CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSP Concentrating Solar Power CST Concentrating Solar Thermal CUF Capacity Utilisation Factor DLR German Aerospace Centre DNI Direct Normal Solar Irradiance DOE Department of Energy DSG Direct Steam Generation EIA U.S. Energy Information
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