Analysis of Election Fraud in the 2020 US Election
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What Is Gab? a Bastion of Free Speech Or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber?
What is Gab? A Bastion of Free Speech or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber? Savvas Zannettou Barry Bradlyn Emiliano De Cristofaro Cyprus University of Technology Princeton Center for Theoretical Science University College London [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Haewoon Kwak Michael Sirivianos Gianluca Stringhini Qatar Computing Research Institute Cyprus University of Technology University College London & Hamad Bin Khalifa University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Jeremy Blackburn University of Alabama at Birmingham [email protected] ABSTRACT ACM Reference Format: Over the past few years, a number of new “fringe” communities, Savvas Zannettou, Barry Bradlyn, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Haewoon Kwak, like 4chan or certain subreddits, have gained traction on the Web Michael Sirivianos, Gianluca Stringhini, and Jeremy Blackburn. 2018. What is Gab? A Bastion of Free Speech or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber?. In WWW at a rapid pace. However, more often than not, little is known about ’18 Companion: The 2018 Web Conference Companion, April 23–27, 2018, Lyon, how they evolve or what kind of activities they attract, despite France. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558. recent research has shown that they influence how false informa- 3191531 tion reaches mainstream communities. This motivates the need to monitor these communities and analyze their impact on the Web’s information ecosystem. 1 INTRODUCTION In August 2016, a new social network called Gab was created The Web’s information ecosystem is composed of multiple com- as an alternative to Twitter. -
Online Media and the 2016 US Presidential Election
Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Faris, Robert M., Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Nikki Bourassa, Ethan Zuckerman, and Yochai Benkler. 2017. Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society Research Paper. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33759251 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA AUGUST 2017 PARTISANSHIP, Robert Faris Hal Roberts PROPAGANDA, & Bruce Etling Nikki Bourassa DISINFORMATION Ethan Zuckerman Yochai Benkler Online Media & the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper is the result of months of effort and has only come to be as a result of the generous input of many people from the Berkman Klein Center and beyond. Jonas Kaiser and Paola Villarreal expanded our thinking around methods and interpretation. Brendan Roach provided excellent research assistance. Rebekah Heacock Jones helped get this research off the ground, and Justin Clark helped bring it home. We are grateful to Gretchen Weber, David Talbot, and Daniel Dennis Jones for their assistance in the production and publication of this study. This paper has also benefited from contributions of many outside the Berkman Klein community. The entire Media Cloud team at the Center for Civic Media at MIT’s Media Lab has been essential to this research. -
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Proceedings of the Thirteenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2019) Different Spirals of Sameness: A Study of Content Sharing in Mainstream and Alternative Media Benjamin D. Horne,* Jeppe Nørregaard,y Sibel Adalı* Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute*, Technical University of Denmarky [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Vos, and Shoemaker 2009; Allcott and Gentzkow 2017; Mele et al. 2017). Thus, we may have a more diverse set of In this paper, we analyze content sharing between news news to read than in years past, but the standards of quality sources in the alternative and mainstream media using a dataset of 713K articles and 194 sources. We find that content have wavered, creating a new set of concerns. sharing happens in tightly formed communities, and these This rise in low-quality and potentially malicious news communities represent relatively homogeneous portions of producers has been the focus of many recent studies such the media landscape. Through a mix-method analysis, we as those focusing on detecting false content (Potthast et al. find several primary content sharing behaviors. First, we find 2017; Popat et al. 2016; Singhania, Fernandez, and Rao that the vast majority of shared articles are only shared with 2017; Horne et al. 2018; Baly et al. 2018). Some other stud- similar news sources (i.e. same community). Second, we find ies have focused on the tactics used to spread low-quality that despite these echo-chambers of sharing, specific sources, news, such as the use of social bots (Shao et al. 2017) such as The Drudge Report, mix content from both main- stream and conspiracy communities. -
Disinformation, and Influence Campaigns on Twitter 'Fake News'
Disinformation, ‘Fake News’ and Influence Campaigns on Twitter OCTOBER 2018 Matthew Hindman Vlad Barash George Washington University Graphika Contents Executive Summary . 3 Introduction . 7 A Problem Both Old and New . 9 Defining Fake News Outlets . 13 Bots, Trolls and ‘Cyborgs’ on Twitter . 16 Map Methodology . 19 Election Data and Maps . 22 Election Core Map Election Periphery Map Postelection Map Fake Accounts From Russia’s Most Prominent Troll Farm . 33 Disinformation Campaigns on Twitter: Chronotopes . 34 #NoDAPL #WikiLeaks #SpiritCooking #SyriaHoax #SethRich Conclusion . 43 Bibliography . 45 Notes . 55 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study is one of the largest analyses to date on how fake news spread on Twitter both during and after the 2016 election campaign. Using tools and mapping methods from Graphika, a social media intelligence firm, we study more than 10 million tweets from 700,000 Twitter accounts that linked to more than 600 fake and conspiracy news outlets. Crucially, we study fake and con- spiracy news both before and after the election, allowing us to measure how the fake news ecosystem has evolved since November 2016. Much fake news and disinformation is still being spread on Twitter. Consistent with other research, we find more than 6.6 million tweets linking to fake and conspiracy news publishers in the month before the 2016 election. Yet disinformation continues to be a substantial problem postelection, with 4.0 million tweets linking to fake and conspiracy news publishers found in a 30-day period from mid-March to mid-April 2017. Contrary to claims that fake news is a game of “whack-a-mole,” more than 80 percent of the disinformation accounts in our election maps are still active as this report goes to press. -
The 2020 Election 2 Contents
Covering the Coverage The 2020 Election 2 Contents 4 Foreword 29 Us versus him Kyle Pope Betsy Morais and Alexandria Neason 5 Why did Matt Drudge turn on August 10, 2020 Donald Trump? Bob Norman 37 The campaign begins (again) January 29, 2020 Kyle Pope August 12, 2020 8 One America News was desperate for Trump’s approval. 39 When the pundits paused Here’s how it got it. Simon van Zuylen–Wood Andrew McCormick Summer 2020 May 27, 2020 47 Tuned out 13 The story has gotten away from Adam Piore us Summer 2020 Betsy Morais and Alexandria Neason 57 ‘This is a moment for June 3, 2020 imagination’ Mychal Denzel Smith, Josie Duffy 22 For Facebook, a boycott and a Rice, and Alex Vitale long, drawn-out reckoning Summer 2020 Emily Bell July 9, 2020 61 How to deal with friends who have become obsessed with 24 As election looms, a network conspiracy theories of mysterious ‘pink slime’ local Mathew Ingram news outlets nearly triples in size August 25, 2020 Priyanjana Bengani August 4, 2020 64 The only question in news is ‘Will it rate?’ Ariana Pekary September 2, 2020 3 66 Last night was the logical end 92 The Doociness of America point of debates in America Mark Oppenheimer Jon Allsop October 29, 2020 September 30, 2020 98 How careful local reporting 68 How the media has abetted the undermined Trump’s claims of Republican assault on mail-in voter fraud voting Ian W. Karbal Yochai Benkler November 3, 2020 October 2, 2020 101 Retire the election needles 75 Catching on to Q Gabriel Snyder Sam Thielman November 4, 2020 October 9, 2020 102 What the polls show, and the 78 We won’t know what will happen press missed, again on November 3 until November 3 Kyle Pope Kyle Paoletta November 4, 2020 October 15, 2020 104 How conservative media 80 E. -
Module 2 Video 2: Searching Facebook
Module 2 video 2: Searching Facebook [00:00:00] Hey, welcome to the second lesson of week 2, which is Searching Facebook. [00:00:07] Now, before we get in to how to search Facebook, we need to understand some advantages and limitations of the platform. The advantages is that Facebook is great for getting local context on stories. And Facebook groups are a key venue for finding sources and understanding a community, really. But most false information also explodes on Facebook. So there's tools that can give you a strong idea of where, how and why. [00:00:38] But Facebook is also quite difficult to search and research. Close communities make it difficult to understand the true origin of a piece of information and data limitations that, that Facebook has put in place make it tricky to look at the platform at scale. We've lost a lot of Facebook search tools over the years. So now we're back to sort of using the platform for finding the content that we need. [00:01:09] So keeping that in mind, this lesson will focus on utilizing Facebook's own tools for on platform search, using viral content, finding viral content, using free tools like BuzzSumo and CrowdTangle, and using those off platform tools to then again search Facebook. I'll show you how it all works. [00:01:32] The key Facebook features that I think are useful to focus on is number one is groups. Facebook groups is was where everything happens. But after that, pay attention to events, pages and profiles. -
Engagement with False Content Producers Plummeted on Twitter and Facebook
Engagement with False Content Producers Plummeted on Twitter and Facebook Adrienne Goldstein Manipulative News Sites Accounted for a Record Share of Facebook Interactions Sites that gather and present information irresponsibly (according to the news-rating service NewsGuard) accounted for a record-high one-fifth of Facebook interactions with U.S.-based sitesi in the second quarter of 2021, while engagement with articles from outlets that repeatedly publish false content plummeted on Twitter and Facebook. This occurred amidst an overall decline in engagement with all types of sites. After all-time highs in engagement with both types of deceptive news outlets in 2020, sites that publish false content have seen their engagement drop at much higher rates than U.S.- based sites in general, likely as a result of account takedowns and changes in policies around COVID-19 misinformation and content moderation. The changes demonstrate that Facebook and Twitter have the tools to address disinformation. However, outlets that gather and present information irresponsibly without publishing false content present a special challenge to the platforms. These sites can help spread conspiracies theories about elections and vaccines, highlighting the need for what GMF Digital calls “democratic design” principles to promote transparency and civic information. • Amidst an overall decline in Facebook interactions with U.S.-based sites that began in the latter half of 2020, interactions with outlets that collect and present information irresponsibly dropped in the second quarter of 2021. They fell by slightly less than the drop in overall traffic (35 percent vs 38 percent) and by far less than a sample of 106 trustworthy sites with perfect NewsGuard ratings (56 percent) or sites that repeatedly publish false content (54 percent). -
Qanon and Facebook
The Boom Before the Ban: QAnon and Facebook Ciaran O’Connor, Cooper Gatewood, Kendrick McDonald and Sarah Brandt 2 ‘THE GREAT REPLACEMENT’: THE VIOLENT CONSEQUENCES OF MAINSTREAMED EXTREMISM / Document title: About this report About NewsGuard This report is a collaboration between the Institute Launched in March 2018 by media entrepreneur and for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) and the nonpartisan award-winning journalist Steven Brill and former Wall news-rating organisation NewsGuard. It analyses Street Journal publisher Gordon Crovitz, NewsGuard QAnon-related contents on Facebook during a provides credibility ratings and detailed “Nutrition period of increased activity, just before the platform Labels” for thousands of news and information websites. implemented moderation of public contents spreading NewsGuard rates all the news and information websites the conspiracy theory. Combining quantitative and that account for 95% of online engagement across the qualitative analysis, this report looks at key trends in US, UK, Germany, France, and Italy. NewsGuard products discussions around QAnon, prominent accounts in that include NewsGuard, HealthGuard, and BrandGuard, discussion, and domains – particularly news websites which helps marketers concerned about their brand – that were frequently shared alongside QAnon safety, and the Misinformation Fingerprints catalogue of contents on Facebook. This report also recommends top hoaxes. some steps to be taken by technology companies, governments and the media when seeking to counter NewsGuard rates each site based on nine apolitical the spread of problematic conspiracy theories like criteria of journalistic practice, including whether a QAnon on social media. site repeatedly publishes false content, whether it regularly corrects or clarifies errors, and whether it avoids deceptive headlines. -
Newsletter June-18-2021.Pdf
Direct your messages to our Chairman, Gilbert Hernandez at: [email protected] ********** Visit our website: www.coloradoriverteaparty-yuma.com COLORADO RIVER TEA PARTY - YUMA Community Christian Church 6480 E. Highway 95 Meetings 1st & 3rd Thursdays of each month 6:00 p.m. *************** Welcome! June 18, 2021 CRTP Mission Statement The Colorado River Tea Party is a grassroots movement of American Citizens from all walks of life and political persuasions - united and motivated to action by our concerns for the loss of American liberty and prosperity, due to high taxation and excessive, irresponsible government spending and regulations. *Our mission is to attract, educate, organize, and mobilize our fellow citizens to secure public policy, and elect political representatives, who are consistent with our core values, to recognize the power in, "We the People" and to restore the constitutional foundation for our country. -------------------------------------------------- Contents Calendar of Future Events *** Minutes *** Quotes *** Neil Rowe’s Website Alerts *** Unemployment Pays How Much? *** Biden's Death Tax: How to Destroy the Middle Class *** Face Masks to A Lab for Analysis. *** Concerned Citizens Provided FBI With Videos Of Ballot Abuse, Harvesting In Yuma County *** Cartoons *** The Freedom Library - Welcome Greetings Patriots, Keepers of the Republic: I have included in today's newsletter some suggestions on how we can fulfill that promise. One of the articles shows how we are infecting children with diseases by forcing then to wear masks. What infuriates me is that I am absolutely certain that doctors and nurses KNOW that children wearing a mask to prevent them from a disease that has a one in a million chance of harming a child is INSANE. -
Is There No Way to the Truth? Copyright Liability As a Model for Restricting Fake News
Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Volume 34, Number 1 Fall 2020 IS THERE NO WAY TO THE TRUTH? COPYRIGHT LIABILITY AS A MODEL FOR RESTRICTING FAKE NEWS Michael P. Goodyear* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 279 II. THE STATE OF FAKE NEWS: THE FIRST AMENDMENT AND § 230 ......................................................................................... 283 A. The Protections of the First Amendment ................................ 283 B. The Shield of § 230 ................................................................ 287 III. REGULATION BY EDGE PROVIDERS .......................................... 291 IV. LESSONS FROM ONLINE COPYRIGHT LAW ................................ 294 A. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act ................................... 295 B. Courts on Vicarious Liability................................................. 298 C. Shortcomings of the DMCA ................................................... 300 D. Lessons for Fake News .......................................................... 301 V. CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 305 I. INTRODUCTION Fake news is hardly new; it has long been a common tactic of politics to shift the truth and ignore questions.1 Indeed, the publication of fake news stretches back to the birth of the printing press, if not earlier,2 but the rise of the Internet and social media has fundamentally changed the possibilities around truth and fake news. The vast majority -
Media Analysis of the US Election: August 2020 Insights from Pressrelations 2020 Introduction
2020 Media Analysis of the US Election: August 2020 Insights from pressrelations 2020 Introduction In cooperation with the Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics FKIE and NewsGuard, pressrelations is conducting am in-depth media analysis that sheds light on the role of disinformation in the 2020 US election. Time window of the qualitative analysis Link to the InfoBoard The basis for this quantitative, fully automated media analysis is formed by 426 online media sources from five countries. The data from 16 of those media sources was coded by pressrelations analysts, according to qualitative criteria. The selected media sources included eight US media sources and eight online media sources from Germany, Austria and Switzerland (D-A-CH), which were analyzed for the period from August 1 to August 31, 2020. In addition, TV coverage of CNN, FOX News and ARD was examined. 9/24/2020 PAGE 2 2020 Methodology This analysis includes the assessment and mapping of the media landscape from different perspectives and is based on extensive data collection from media reports made public on the Internet or on TV channels. The amount of news about the 2020 US election campaign is immense. The volume of articles therefore made it necessary to restrict the media set to a few select media sources. The selection of media was based on the potential reach and the volume of contributions of the respective sources. Despite this restriction, a total of 13,203 posts were coded in August alone. All articles that addressed at least one of the four candidates running for the American presidency and vice presidency were examined. -
An Interdisciplinary Journal
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