Middle Iron Age Settlement at Highfields, Caldecote, Cambridgeshire
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Middle Iron Age Settlement at Highfields, Caldecote, Cambridgeshire Post-Excavation Assessment and Updated Project Design February 2019 Client: CgMs Issue No: 1 (Draft) OA Report No: 2241 NGR: TL 3558 5918 1.0 Client Name: CgMs Document Title: Middle Iron Age Settlement at Highfields Caldecote, Cambridgeshire Document Type: Post Excavation Assessment and Updated Project Design Report No.: 2241 Grid Reference: TL 3558 5918 Planning Reference: S/1216/16/OL Site Code: CALHIG18 Invoice Code: CALHIG18 Accession/HER No.: ECB 5411 OASIS No. oxfordar3-343902 OA Document File Location: Y:\Cambridgeshire\CALHIG18_Highfields Caldecote\Project Reports OA Graphics File Location: Y:\Cambridgeshire\CALHIG18_Highfields Caldecote\Project Data\Graphics\PXA\PDF Issue No: 1.0 Date: 28/02/19 Prepared by: Kathryn Blackbourn (Project Officer) Checked by: Matt Brudenell (Senior Project Manager) Edited by: Rachel Clarke (Post-Excavation Editor) Approved for Issue by: Name (position) Signature: …………………………………………………………….. Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. OA South OA East OA North Janus House 15 Trafalgar Way Mill 3 Osney Mead Bar Hill Moor Lane Mills Oxford Cambridge Moor Lane OX2 0ES CB23 8SQ Lancaster LA1 1QD t. +44 (0)1865 263 800 t. +44 (0)1223 850 500 t. +44 (0)1524 880 250 e. [email protected] w. oxfordarchaeology.com Oxford Archaeology is a registered Charity: No. 285627 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd iii 23 April 2019 1.0 Middle Iron Age Settlement at Highfields, Caldecote, Cambridgeshire Post-Excavation Assessment and Updated Project Design By Kathryn Blackbourn BA ACIfA With contributions from Katie Anderson BA MA, Lawrence Billington PhD, Anna Booth PhD, Matt Brudenell PhD, Rachel Fosberry ACIfA, Hayley Foster PhD, Ted Levermore BA, Carlotta Marchetto MA PCIfA, Mairead Rutherford BA MSc, Simon Timberlake PhD Illustrations by Charlotte Walton BA MPhil MCIfA Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ viii List of Plates .......................................................................................................................................................... viii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................................... viii List of Graphs.......................................................................................................................................................... ix Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. x Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................ xi 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the project ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Geology and topography ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Archaeological background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Original research aims and objectives .................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Fieldwork methodology ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Project scope ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2 FACTUAL DATA AND STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL: STRATIGRAPHY ......................... 7 2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Phase 1: Middle Iron Age (350BC to 50BC) ............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Phase 2: Late Iron Age to Early Roman (50BC-100AD) ......................................................................... 12 2.4 Phase 3: Medieval-post-medieval (c. late 11th-18th century) ............................................................. 13 2.5 General Statement of Potential ............................................................................................................... 13 3 FACTUAL DATA AND STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL: ARTEFACTS ............................. 14 3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 14 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd v 23 April 2019 1.0 3.2 Metalwork (App. B1) ............................................................................................................................. 14 3.3 Metalworking debris (App. B2) ................................................................................................................ 14 3.4 Flint (App. B3) .......................................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Iron Age pottery (App. B4) ....................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Roman pottery (App. B5) ......................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Burnt and worked stone (App. B6) ........................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Fired clay (App. B7) .................................................................................................................................. 17 4 FACTUAL DATA AND STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL: ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE .. 18 4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.2 Environmental samples (App. C1) ......................................................................................................... 18 4.3 Pollen (App. C2) ..................................................................................................................................... 18 4.4 Faunal remains (App. C3) ....................................................................................................................... 19 4.5 Radiocarbon dating ................................................................................................................................. 19 5 UPDATED PROJECT DESIGN................................................................................... 20 5.1 Revised research aims ........................................................................................................................... 20 5.2 Methods statements and further work................................................................................................. 24 5.3 Publication and dissemination of results .............................................................................................. 26 5.4 Retention and disposal of finds and environmental evidence ............................................................. 26 5.5 Ownership and archive .......................................................................................................................... 26 6 RESOURCES AND PROGRAMMING ........................................................................ 28 6.1 Project team structure ........................................................................................................................... 28 6.2 Task list and programme ....................................................................................................................... 28 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... 30 APPENDIX A CONTEXT INVENTORY ............................................................................. 34 APPENDIX B ARTEFACT ASSESSMENTS........................................................................ 52 B.1 Metalwork, by Anna Booth ................................................................................................................... 52 B.2 Metalworking debris, by Simon Timberlake ........................................................................................