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2005 Expedition Report

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2005 Expedition Report 2005 Expedition Report CCGS Amundsen LEG 1 ArcticNet Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Beaufort Sea LEG 2 ArcticNet Hudson Bay ArcticNet - Amundsen Science Program Université Laval Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, room 4081 1045, avenue de la Médecine Québec, QC, G1V 0A6 CANADA www.amundsen.ulaval.ca www.arcticnet.ulaval.ca Anissa Merzouk ArcticNet Expedition Report Editor [email protected] Keith Levesque ArcticNet Marine Research Manager [email protected] Cover page photo credit: Ariel Estulin / ArcticNet Table of content TABLE OF CONTENT II LIST OF FIGURES V LIST OF TABLES VIII 2005 EXPEDITION REPORT 1 PART I – OVERVIEW AND SYNOPSIS OF OPERATIONS 2 1 OVERVIEW OF THE 2005 ARCTICNET/AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Regional settings 2 1.3 2005 Amundsen Expedition Plan 9 2 LEG 1 5 AUGUST TO 15 SEPTEMBER 2005 BAFFIN BAY, CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO AND BEAUFORT SEA 11 2.1 Introduction and objectives 11 2.2 Synopsis of operations 11 2.3 Chief Scientist’s comments 15 3 LEG 2 15 SEPTEMBER TO 26 OCTOBER 2005 HUDSON BAY 17 3.1 Introduction and objectives 17 3.2 Synopsis of operations 17 3.3 Chief Scientist’s comments 19 PART II – PROJECT REPORTS 21 1 METEOROLOGICAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC AND NAVIGATION DATA – LEGS 1 AND 2 21 1.1 Introduction 21 1.2 Description of systems and available data 21 2 NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE AND GPS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC – LEG 2 26 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 Methodology 26 2.3 Preliminary results 27 2.4 Comments and recommendations 27 3 ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY AND HERBICIDES – LEGS 1 AND 2 28 3.1 Introduction 28 3.2 Methodology 28 4 ATMOSPHERE, AIR-SURFACE FLUXES AND GAS EXCHANGE DYNAMICS – LEGS 1 AND 2 36 4.1 Introduction 36 4.2 Methodology 37 4.3 Preliminary results 41 4.4 Comments and recommendations (Leg 2) 42 ii 5 SEA ICE: REMOTE SENSING AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES – LEG 1 43 5.1 Introduction 43 5.2 Methodology 43 5.3 Preliminary results 46 6 MOORING PROGRAM – LEGS 1 AND 2 49 6.1 Introduction 49 6.2 Methodology 52 6.3 Comments and recommendations 61 7 CTD-ROSETTE, MVP, ADCP AND THERMOSALINOGRAPH OPERATIONS – LEGS 1 AND 2 63 7.1 CTD-Rosette 63 7.2 Moving Vessel Profiler (MVP) 66 7.3 ADCP and thermosalinograph (TSG) 68 7.4 Preliminary results 69 8 SELF-CONTAINED AUTONOMOUS MICROPROFILER (SCAMP) – LEGS 1 AND 2 70 8.1 Introduction 70 8.2 Methodology 71 8.3 Preliminary Results 72 9 OBSERVATIONS OF FRESHWATER IN HUDSON BAY – LEG 2 75 9.1 Introduction 75 9.2 Methodology 75 9.3 Preliminary results 80 10 SEA SURFACE PROPERTIES AND REMOTE SENSING – LEGS 1 AND 2 82 10.1 Introduction 82 10.2 Methodology 82 10.3 Comments and recommendations 87 11 CARBON FLUXES IN HUDSON BAY USING SHORT-TERM SEDIMENT TRAPS – LEG 2 88 11.1 Introduction 88 11.2 Methodology 88 12 NUTRIENTS, LIGHT AND DYNAMICS OF DEEP CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMA – LEGS 1 AND 2 91 12.1 Introduction 91 12.2 Methodology 92 13 MOLECULAR MICROBIAL BIODIVERSITY OF ARCTIC SEAS – LEG 1 95 13.1 Introduction 95 13.2 Methodology 95 13.3 Preliminary results 100 14 PHYTOPLANKTON AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION – LEGS 1 AND 2 103 14.1 Introduction 103 14.2 Methodology 104 14.3 Preliminary results (Leg 2) 110 14.4 Recommendations 111 15 MARINE PRODUCTIVITY: BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF DIATOMS – LEG 1 112 15.1 Introduction 112 15.2 Methodology 113 16 REGULATION SYSTEM OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PHYTOPLANKTON – LEGS 1 AND 2 118 16.1 Introduction 118 17 ZOOPLANKTON AND ICHTYOPLANKTON – LEGS 1 AND 2 119 17.1 Introduction 119 17.2 Methodology 120 17.3 Preliminary results 129 iii 18 CONTAMINANTS SAMPLING PROGRAM – LEGS 1 AND 2 133 18.1 Introduction 133 18.2 Methodology 135 19 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING OF MERCURY – LEGS 1 AND 2 140 19.1 Introduction 140 19.2 Methodology 140 19.3 Preliminary results 142 19.4 Recommendations 142 20 SEAL HUNT AND MARINE MAMMAL AND BIRD SIGHTINGS – LEG 2 143 20.1 Introduction 143 20.2 Methodology and preliminary results 143 20.3 Comments and recommendations 144 21 SEABIRD SURVEYS – LEG 2 145 21.1 Introduction 145 21.2 Methodology 145 21.3 Preliminary results 146 22 SEABED MAPPING – LEGS 1 AND 2 147 22.1 Introduction 147 22.2 Methodology 148 22.3 Preliminary results 151 22.4 Comments and recommendations 159 23 GEOLOGY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY – LEGS 1 AND 2 160 23.1 Methodology 160 23.2 Comments and recommendations 166 24 SCHOOLS ON BOARD – LEG 2 167 24.1 Introduction 167 24.2 Participants 167 24.3 Activities and outreach 168 24.4 Conclusion and perspectives 170 APPENDIX 1 – LIST OF STATIONS SAMPLED DURING THE 2005 ARCTICNET AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION 171 APPENDIX 2 – SCIENTIFIC LOG OF ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED DURING THE 2005 ARCTICNET AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION 175 APPENDIX 3 – CTD LOGBOOK FOR THE 2005 ARCTICNET AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION 206 APPENDIX 4 - LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ON LEGS 1 AND 2 OF THE 2005 ARCTICNET AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION 213 iv List of figures PART I – OVERVIEW AND SYNOPSIS OF OPERATIONS Figure 1.1. Map of the Canadian High Arctic and Hudson Bay showing the CCGS Amundsen ship track and the location of stations for the two legs of the 2005 ArcticNet Expedition. Leg 1 sampling sites were located in Baffin Bay, the Northwest Passage and Beaufort Sea. Leg 2 took place in Hudson Bay, with activities in Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait. ....................................... 3 Figure 1.2. Map of northern Baffin Bay, Nares Strait and Lancaster Sound showing the ship track and the location of stations sampled by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 1 of the 2005 ArcticNet Expedition. ............................................................................................................................ 4 Figure 1.3. Map of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Northwest Passage) showing the ship track and the location of stations sampled by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 1 of the 2005 ArcticNet Expedition. The map also shows the eastward trip back through the Northwest Passage during Leg 2 (12-14 September). ..................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 1.4. Map of the Amundsen Gulf and Beaufort Sea showing the ship track and the location of stations sampled by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 1 of the 2005 ArcticNet Expedition. .............. 7 Figure 1.5. Map of Hudson Bay, Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait showing the ship track and the location of stations sampled by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 2 of the 2005 ArcticNet Expedition. ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Figure 2.1. Map showing the cruise track and the location of stations sampled in northern Baffin Bay, Nares Strait and Lancaster Sound during Leg 1. ....................................................................... 12 Figure 2.2. Maps showing the cruise track and the location of stations sampled in the Northwest Passage (upper panel) and in the Amundsen Gulf and the Beaufort Sea (lower panel) during Leg 1.................................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3.1. Map of the cruise track and the location of stations sampled by the CCGS Amundsen in Hudson Bay, Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait during Leg 2. ................................................................ 18 PART II – PROJECT REPORTS Figure 1.1. Schematic of the configuration of the TSG underway system. ................................................ 24 Figure 3.1. Left: Gradient tower profiler at the bow of the ship. This setup permitted air sampling at two heights (delta ~ 2 m) and air temperature gradient measurements at three heights (2, 4 & 6 m) within the marine boundary layer. Wind direction and wind speed as well as solar radiation were monitored in continuous mode. Right: securing set-up for the tower. ...................................... 29 Figure 3.2. Left: Mercury speciation units (Tekran) (left) and Hi-Vol Organic sampler (PS-1) (right). Right: Pump module and Tekran analyser for Hg speciation in the acquisition room. ...................... 29 Figure 3.3. Left: Instrumentation in lab 610. TECO 49c Ozone analyzer (5 min reading); Tekran 2537 A for Total Gaseous Mercury (5 min readings); RGA5 from Trace Analytical for CO2, CO, CH4 and H2 analyses (10 min readings). Right: Datalogger CS 23X for control and acquisition. .............. 30 Figure 3.4. Herbicides sampling set-up, canisters and pump. ................................................................... 31 Figure 4.1. The foredeck of the CCGS Amundsen equipped with a meteorological tower for surface meteorology and CO2 flux measurements. ......................................................................................... 37 Figure 4.2. Upper section of the tower showing: (a) wind monitor; (b) shielded temperature-relative humidity probe; and gimballed (c) pyranometer and (d) pyrgeometer; (e) sonic anemometer; (f) open-path CO2/H2O sensor. (g) The motion sensor is located outside of the picture. ...................... 37 Figure 4.3. Custom-built pCO2 pump in operation. Note the Licor gas analyzer and CR10X logger on the left side, and the gas extraction chamber on the right side. ........................................................ 39 Figure 4.4. The all-sky camera was mounted on the “monkey island” above the wheelhouse. The dome needed to be maintained by removing water droplets and ice. ............................................... 41 Figure 4.5. The interface of the ceilometer system showing ceiling conditions between 10:00 and 11:00 UTC on 31 August 2005. ..........................................................................................................
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