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Cabot Strait Area the Southeast and Can Be Traced to the D’Anomalie De La Géologie Régionale

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Cabot Strait Area the Southeast and Can Be Traced to the D’Anomalie De La Géologie Régionale 186 Volume 41 2014 HAROLD WILLIAMS SERIES and used to generate a series of maps pretations suggest that Bras d’Or ter- displaying magnetic (filtered total field, rane ‘basement’ may underlie all of first and second derivative) and gravity Exploits subzone, and that the Aspy (Bouguer anomaly onshore, free-air terrane of Cape Breton Island is part anomaly offshore) information to of that subzone. enhance the anomaly pattern associat- ed with regional geology. With further SOMMAIRE constraints from previously published Les données magnétométriques et seismic reflection interpretations and gravimétriques du nord-est de l’île du detailed maps of onshore geology, five Cap-Breton, dans le sud-ouest de two-dimensional subsurface models Terre-Neuve, et de la région du détroit were generated. Potential field anom- de Cabot contigu, ont été compilées et Connecting Cape Breton alies in the offshore can be correlated utilisées pour produire une série de Island and Newfoundland, with onshore faults, rock units, and cartes affichant les particularités mag- pre-Carboniferous terranes. In New- nétiques (champ total filtré, dérivé pre- Canada: Geophysical foundland, the Cabot – Long Range mière et seconde) et gravimétriques Modeling of pre-Carbonifer- Fault separates Grenvillian basement to (anomalie de Bouguer de la côte, ous ‘Basement’ Rocks in the northwest from peri-Gondwanan anomalie à l’air libre extracôtière) pour Port aux Basques subzone basement in ajouter à la compréhension des motifs the Cabot Strait Area the southeast and can be traced to the d’anomalie de la géologie régionale. Wilkie Brook Fault on Cape Breton En tenant compte des limitations Sandra M. Barr1, Sonya A. Dehler2, Island. The Cape Ray Fault/Red Indi- imposées par les interprétations de and Louis Zsámboki1, 3 an Line merges offshore with the données de levés de sismique réflexion Cabot – Long Range Fault so that déjà publiées et de cartes détaillées de 1Department of Earth and Notre Dame subzone rocks do not géologie continentale, cinq modèles 2D Environmental Science extend across the Cabot Strait area. du sous-sol ont été produits. Des Acadia University The Port aux Basques – Exploits sub- anomalies de champ potentiel en zone Wolfville, NS, Canada, B4P 2R6 zone boundary crosses the strait but is extracôtière peuvent être corrélées avec E-mail: [email protected] likely buried by younger rocks onshore des failles, des unités lithologiques et in Cape Breton Island. Magnetic halos des terranes pré-carbonifères sur la 2Natural Resources Canada in the Exploits subzone are probably côte. Sur l’île de Terre-Neuve, la faille Geological Survey of Canada (Atlantic) caused by Silurian – Devonian plutons de Cabot-Long Range qui sépare le Dartmouth, NS, Canada, B2Y 4A2 like those in the Burgeo Intrusive socle grenvillien au nord-ouest de la Suite. The Exploits – Bras d’Or terrane sous-zone de socle péri-gondwanienne, 3Current address: boundary is located within the Ingo- de Port-aux- Basques au sud-est, peut 63 Barnesdale Ave S nish magnetic anomaly, which was être reliée à la faille de Wilkie Brook Hamilton, ON resolved into four overlapping compo- sur l’île du Cap-Breton. La faille du L8M 2V3 nents representing basement sources Cap Ray et la linéation de Red Indian intruded into metasedimentary rocks se fondent au large avec la faille de SUMMARY and dioritic and granodioritic plutons Cabot – Long Range, ce qui signifie Magnetic and gravity data from north- of the Bras d’Or terrane. The Bras que les roches de la sous-zone de eastern Cape Breton Island, southwest- d’Or terrane can be traced to the Cinq- Notre-Dame ne traversent pas la ern Newfoundland, and the interven- Cerf block and Grey River areas in région du détroit de Cabot. La limite ing Cabot Strait area were compiled southern Newfoundland. The inter- de la sous-zone de Port aux Basques- Geoscience Canada, v. 41, http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.041 © 2014 GAC/AGC® GEOSCIENCE CANADA Volume 41 2014 187 Exploits traverse le détroit, mais elle LLaurentia and peri- a Quebec LLaurentianu terranes est vraisemblablement enfouie sous des a r u e Grenville Orogen r n NL e tia Long roches plus jeunes sur l’île du Cap-Bre- n tia a Range n n ton. Les halos magnétiques dans la PEI d Inlier CBI te p NB r e sous-zone Exploits sont probablement ra r Ganderia50°00´N n i- USA e causés par des plutons siluro-dévoniens NS s RIL Line comme c’est le cas de ceux de la Indian séquence intrusive de Burgeo. La lim- Red St. Lawrence Central NDS Gander ite du terrane Exploits-Bras d’Or est Promontory Mobile Zone Central CF Belt située dans l’anomalie magnétique DHBF Ingonish, laquelle s’est révélée être Mobile HF AAvaloniavalonia Belt BRI ?? Cabot constituée de quatre composantes Notre DameGanderia subzone ?? ?? Strait Blair River superposées représentant des sources A ?? Inlier Bras de socle engoncées dans des roches AAvaloniavalonia Aspy B d’Or métasédimentaires, et dans des plutons M dioritiques et granodioritiques du ter- MMegumaeguma rane de Bras d’Or. On peut suivre le Mira terrane de Bras d’Or jusque dans les 200 km régions du bloc de Cinq-Cerf et de 60°00´W 40 km Grey River dans le sud de Terre- Neuve. Les interprétations permettent Figure 1. Components of the northern Appalachian orogen after Hibbard et al. de penser que le « socle » du terrane de (2006) showing the location of the study area centred on the Cabot Strait between Bras d’Or pourrait constituer l’assise Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland. Abbreviations: DHBF, Dover – Her- rocheuse de la sous-zone Exploits, et mitage Bay Fault; HF, Hermitage Flexure; NDS, Notre Dame subzone; RIL, Red que le terrane Aspy de l’île du Cap- Indian Line. Inset map on upper left shows political areas in northeastern United Breton ferait partie de cette sous-zone. States (USA) and Canada: CBI, Cape Breton Island; NB, New Brunswick; NS, Nova Scotia; NL, Newfoundland; PEI, Prince Edward Island. Lower right inset INTRODUCTION map shows an enlarged view and key to abbreviations for subdivisions in Cape On his pioneering map emphasizing Breton Island. along-orogen correlations of pre-Car- boniferous rocks in the Appalachian orogen in Cape Breton Island com- focused on Carboniferous units and mountain belt, Williams (1978) inferred pared to Newfoundland (Lin et al. faults affecting those units. They that all of Cape Breton Island is part 1994), making it unsurprising that showed pre-Carboniferous basement of the Avalon Zone. In contrast, fewer components have been pre- on their interpretations, but did not Newfoundland, only a few 10s of kilo- served in the relatively small area of speculate on the nature of that base- metres away across the Cabot Strait, Cape Breton Island. In addition, Car- ment. Because the Carboniferous was divided into the Humber, Dun- boniferous cover is relatively more units contribute little to the magnetic nage, Gander, and Avalon zones, inter- extensive in Cape Breton Island com- field signatures, magnetic data have the preted to represent both Laurentian pared to most of Newfoundland, also potential to enable interpretation of and Gondwanan continental margins likely a factor in obscuring older units. the pre-Carboniferous units by com- and the intervening Iapetus Ocean. However, less easily explained is the parison to the onshore areas, where Subsequent decades of geological and presence of rock units in parts of geophysical signatures can be linked to geophysical research resulted in an Cape Breton Island that do not appear particular areas and in some cases to updated and more detailed map of the to have counterparts in southwestern particular units (e.g. Wiseman and Appalachian orogen (Hibbard et al. Newfoundland. Miller 1994; Ethier 2001). In contrast, 2006) on which Cape Breton Island, Linked to the uncertainty in the offshore pre-Carboniferous units like Newfoundland, includes both correlations between units exposed have thicker sediment accumulations Laurentian and Gondwanan compo- onshore in Cape Breton Island and above them than their onshore equiva- nents, and with only the southernmost Newfoundland is the unknown identity lents, and thus Carboniferous units terrane, Mira, considered part of Aval- of the pre-Carboniferous rocks that have greater influence on gravity onia (Fig. 1). However, even though underlie the intervening Cabot Strait. anomalies in the offshore, especially in Laurentian and Gondwanan compo- Carboniferous rocks under the Cabot basins with thicker sequences. nents are now recognized in Cape Bre- Strait are reasonably well known based Loncarevic et al. (1989) used ton Island, the details of how they cor- on their seismic characteristics (e.g. magnetic and gravity maps to infer cor- relate with their counterparts across Langdon and Hall 1994; Pascucci et al. relations based on map patterns, but the Cabot Strait in Newfoundland are 1999, 2000), but underlying pre-Car- no modeling of the data was attempt- still uncertain (e.g. Barr et al. 1998; bonferous units have not been well ed. In this study we use both recom- Valverde-Vaquero et al. 2006; Lin et al. imaged in seismic studies (e.g. Marillier piled magnetic and gravity maps and 2007). Part of the uncertainty can be et al. 1989). Both Langdon and Hall geophysical modeling, supported by attributed to the narrowness of the (1994) and Pascucci et al. (1999, 2000) previously published seismic reflection 188 data, as a basis for interpreting pre- Cape Breton Island Legend o o 59 58 Carboniferous units and structures Carboniferous sedimentary rocks (mainly) BLAIR RIVER INLIER BRAS D'OR TERRANE RIL Devonian St. George’s Late Cambrian under the Cabot Strait and their corre- Lowland Cove Formation Bay Granitic plutons Mesoproterozoic Meelpaeg Subzone lations with onshore units in both Anorthosite, syenite Cambrian - Ordovician Gneissic rocks Bourinot belt Cape Breton Island and southwestern Neoproterozoic 48º ASPY TERRANE Intermediate-felsic plutonic rocks F Devonian Newfoundland.
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